LCTC Lifeloc Technologies Inc (PK)

Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2022 and 2021

1.  ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Lifeloc Technologies, Inc. ("Lifeloc" or the "Company") is a Colorado-based developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held and fixed station breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education.  We design, produce and sell fuel-cell based breath alcohol testing equipment.  We compete in all major segments of the breath alcohol testing instrument market, including law enforcement, workplace, corrections, original equipment manufacturing ("OEM") and consumer markets. In addition, we offer a line of supplies, accessories, services, and training to support customers' alcohol testing programs. We sell globally through distributors as well as directly to users.

We define our business as providing "near and remote sensing and monitoring" products and solutions. Today, the majority of our revenues are derived from products and services for alcohol detection and measurement. We remain committed to growing our breath alcohol testing business. In the future, we anticipate the commercialization of new sensing and measurement products that may allow Lifeloc to successfully expand our business into new growth areas where we do not presently compete or where no satisfactory product solutions exist today.

Lifeloc incorporated in Colorado in December 1983.  We filed a registration statement on Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which became effective on May 31, 2011.  Our fiscal year end is December 31.  Our principal executive offices are located at 12441 West 49th Avenue, Unit 4, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80033-3338.  Our telephone number is (303) 431-9500.  Our websites are www.lifeloc.com and www.stsfirst.com. Information contained on our websites does not constitute part of this Form 10-K.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements.   The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expense during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Debt Issuance Costs.  In 2016, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs ("ASU 2015-03").  This standard requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of debt liability, consistent with debt discounts or premiums.  Deferred loan costs are amortized over the 20-year life of the term loan on a straight line basis, which approximates the effective interest method.  Total amortization during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $4,304 and $813 respectively, and is included within interest expense on the statements of income.

Deferred Taxes.  In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”).  This standard requires that deferred income tax assets and liabilities be presented as noncurrent assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. 

Fair Value Measurement.  Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), provides a comprehensive framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures which are required about fair value measurements. Specifically, ASC 820 sets forth a definition of fair value and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable value inputs. ASC 820 defines the hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices, such as equity securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts or priced with models using highly observable inputs.

Level 3 - Significant inputs to pricing that are unobservable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those with inputs requiring significant management judgment or estimation, such as complex and subjective models and forecasts used to determine the fair value of financial transmission rights.

Cash and Cash Equivalents.   For purposes of reporting cash flows, we consider all cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments.   Our financial instruments consist of cash, short-term trade receivables, payables and a term loan secured by a first mortgage.  The carrying values of cash, short-term receivables, and payables approximate their fair value due to their short term maturities.  The carrying value of the term loan approximates its fair value based on interest rates currently obtainable.

Concentration of Credit Risk.   Financial instruments with significant credit risk include cash and accounts receivable.  The amount of cash on deposit with one financial institution exceeded the $250,000 federally insured limit at December 31, 2022 by $832,158 and by $756,530 at a second financial institution. However, we believe that the financial institutions are financially sound and the risk of loss is minimal.

We have no significant off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.

Accounts Receivable.  Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from transactions with and from entities primarily located in the United States or from international distributors with a proven payment history.  Accordingly, we may be exposed to credit risks generally associated with the alcohol monitoring industry.  Our credit policy calls for payment in accordance with prevailing industry standards, generally 30 days with occasional exceptions of up to 60 days for large established customers.  We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments.  A summary of the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

The net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2022 of $627,919 included an account from one customer of $103,739 (17%), $98,412 (16%) from a second customer, $42,954 from a second customer (7%), and no more than 6% from any other single customer. The net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2021 of $562,092 included an account from one customer of $71,522 (13%), $57,500 from a second customer (10%), and no more than 3% from any other single customer.

Inventories.   Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. We reduce inventory for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.  At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, inventory consisted of the following:

A summary of the activity in our inventory reserve for obsolescence is as follows:

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five years; three years for software and technology licenses; 15 years for space modifications and for training courses; 39 years for the cost of the building we purchased in October 2014. The R.A.D.A.R.® software and patents that were purchased in March 2017 were originally set to amortize over 15 years using the straight line method, but in 2022 we accelerated the amortization of the remaining cost to fully amortize the assets by December 31, 2022.  We utilize the declining method of depreciation for property, equipment and space modifications, and the straight-line method of depreciation for software, training courses, and the building, due to the expected usage of these assets over time. These methods are expected to continue throughout the life of the assets.  Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized.  Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $553,995 and $254,010 respectively. 

Long-Lived Assets.   Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. A long-lived asset is considered impaired when estimated future cash flows related to the asset, undiscounted and without interest, are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset. If deemed impaired, the long-lived asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell.  No impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

Patents.   The costs of applying for patents are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the patent's economic or legal life (20 years for utility patents in the United States, and 14 years for design patents).  Amortization expense, including impairments, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $74,120 and $12,883 respectively.  Amortization expense for each of the next 5 years is estimated to be $12,932 per year.  Capitalized costs are expensed if patents are not granted.  We review the carrying value of our patents periodically to determine whether the patents have continuing value and such reviews could result in the conclusion that the recorded amounts have been impaired.  Impairments of $0 and $0 were included in amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.  A summary of our patents at December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

Deposits and Other Assets.  We include the long-term portion of installment receivables with deposits. 

Accrued Expenses.  We have accrued various expenses in our December 31 balance sheets, as follows.

Product Warranty Reserve.  We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time sales are recognized. Our warranty obligation is based upon historical experience and will be affected by product failure rates and material usage incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates or material usage costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.  A summary of the activity in our product warranty reserve is as follows:

Income Taxes.  We account for income taxes under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASC 740"). ASC 740 requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences, based on enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires recognition of deferred tax assets for the expected future tax effects of all deductible temporary differences, loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets are then reduced, if deemed necessary, by a valuation allowance for the amount of any tax benefits which, more likely than not based on current circumstances, are not expected to be realized.

ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their financial statements, uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.  For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have any interest or penalties or any significant uncertain tax positions.

Revenue Recognition.  In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initial application (which was zero) recognized in retained earnings on that date.

Revenue from product sales and supplies is generally recorded when we ship the product and title has passed to the customer, or when agreed milestones are met in the case of product developments, provided that we have evidence of a customer arrangement and can conclude that collection is probable.  The prices at which we sell our products are fixed and determinable at the time we accept a customer's order. We recognize revenue from sales to stocking distributors when there is no right of return, other than for normal warranty claims, and generally have no ongoing obligations related to product sales, except for normal warranty.

The sales of licenses to our training courses are recognized as revenue at the time of sale. Training and certification revenues are recognized at the time the training and certification occurs.  Data recording revenue is recognized based on each day’s usage of enrolled devices.

Revenues arising from extended warranty contracts are booked as sales over their life on a straight-line basis. We have discontinued arranging for customer financing and leasing through unrelated third parties and instead are providing for customer financing and leasing ourselves, which we recognize as revenue over the applicable lease term.  Occasionally, we rent used equipment to customers, and in those cases, we recognize the revenues as they are earned over the life of the contract. 

Royalty income is recognized in accordance with agreed upon terms, when performance obligations are satisfied, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

Rental income from space leased to our tenants is recognized in the month in which it is due, which approximates if it were recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease.

On occasion we receive customer deposits for future product orders and product developments.  Customer deposits are initially recorded as a liability and recognized as revenue when the product is shipped and title has passed to the customer, or when agreed milestones are met in the case of product developments.

Topic 606 requires the disaggregation of revenue into broad categories, which we have defined as shown below.

Deferred Revenue.  Deferred revenues arise from service contracts and from development contracts.  Revenues from service contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, generally one year, and are included in product revenue in our statements of income.  However, there are occasions when they are written for longer terms up to four years.  The revenues from that portion of the contract that extend beyond one year are shown in our balance sheets as long term.  Deferred revenues also result from progress payments received on development contracts; those revenues are recognized when the contract is complete and are included in product revenue in our statements of income.  All development contracts are for less than one year and all deferred revenues from this source are shown in our balance sheets as short term.

Paycheck Protection Loans. Loans. In 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act allocated $350 billion to help small businesses keep workers employed amid the pandemic and economic downturn. Known as the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), the initiative provided federally guaranteed loans to small businesses.  A portion or all of these loans were to be forgiven if borrowers complied with certain PPP guidelines including spending the funds on authorized expenses and maintaining their payrolls during the crisis or restore their payrolls afterward. On May 4, 2020, the Company received proceeds of $465,097 from Bank of America under the PPP (the “PPP Loan”). Proceeds of $471,347 were received from a second loan with similar terms in February, 2021. The PPP provided that the PPP Loan could be partially or wholly forgiven if the funds were used for certain qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act. The Company used the entire PPP Loan amounts for qualifying expenses, and the loans were forgiven in their entirety in February, 2021 and September, 2021 respectively. No interest on either loan has been recognized in our financial statements.

Rebates.  Our rebate program is available to certain of our North American workplace distributors in good standing who are responsible for sales equaling at least $25,000 in one calendar year.  Distributors in good standing who meet the required sales threshold earn a rebate equal to between 1 and 10 percent of that distributor's total sales of the Company's products.  We accrue for these rebates monthly; they are shown in our balance sheets as accrued expenses. 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 adds a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model to U.S. GAAP that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Modified retrospective adoption is required with any cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, excluding smaller reporting entities, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We will adopt ASU 2016-13 beginning January 1, 2023 and do not expect the application of the CECL impairment model to have a significant impact on our allowance for uncollectible amounts for accounts receivable.

Research and Development Expenses.  We expense research and development costs for products and processes as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation.  Stock-based compensation is presented in accordance with the guidance of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation ("ASC 718").  Under the provisions of ASC 718, companies are required to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model.  The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our statement of income.

ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model.  The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the accompanying statement of income.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period.  We used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model ("Black-Scholes model") to determine fair value. Our determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include but are not limited to our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with ASC 718 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718 for years 2022 and 2021 was $17,202 and $17,157 respectively.  Stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options under ASC 718 is allocated to General and Administrative Expense when incurred.

Segment Reporting.   We have concluded that we have two operating segments, including our primary business which is as a developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education.  As a result of purchasing our building on October 31, 2014, we have a second segment consisting of renting portions of our building to existing tenants, whose leases expire at various times until September 30, 2023.  

Basic and Diluted Income and Loss per Common Share.  Net income or loss per share is calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share ("ASC 260").  Under the provisions of ASC 260, basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period if the effect of the potential common shares is dilutive.  Dilution from potential common shares outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.00 and $0.01 per share, respectively.

Wholly Owned Subsidiary

On June 1, 2022, we formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Probation Tracker, Inc., a Colorado corporation (“PTI”) and capitalized it with $61,353 in exchange for 613,530 shares of PTI common stock. PTI had no activity during the three months ended September 30, 2022. In August 2022, we filed a Form 10 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in anticipation of distributing all of the 613,530 shares of common stock to our shareholders as a stock dividend. In September, 2022, this Form 10 was withdrawn, and the plan to distribute the PTI shares was canceled. The $61,353 of cash was withdrawn and PTI was deactivated. We have entered into a consulting agreement with a third party to work on developing proof of concept showing that R.A.D.A.R. 300 is feasible.

3.  BASIC AND DILUTED INCOME AND LOSS PER COMMON SHARE

We report both basic and diluted net income or loss per common share.  Basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period if the effect of the potential common shares is dilutive.  The shares used in the calculation of dilutive potential common shares exclude options to purchase shares where the exercise price was greater than the average market price of common shares for the period.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share:

4.  STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Stock Option Plan.   In January 2013, we adopted our 2013 Stock Option Plan (the "2013 Plan") to promote the Company's and its stockholders' interests by helping us to attract, retain and motivate our key employees and associates. Under the terms of the 2013 Plan, our Board of Directors (the "Board") can grant either "nonqualified" or "incentive" stock options, as defined by the Internal Revenue Code and related regulations. The purchase price of the shares subject to a stock option is the fair market value of our common stock on the date the stock option is granted.  Generally, all stock options must be exercised within five years from the date granted. The number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan is 150,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment for dividend, stock split or other relevant changes in our capitalization.   The 2013 Plan was approved by our shareholders at their regular annual meeting on April 1, 2013.

Under ASC 718, the value of each employee stock option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the purpose of financial information in accordance with ASC 718. The use of a Black-Scholes model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the use of a number of assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. 

On February 3, 2022 we granted 15,000 options to key employees, which have a term of 5 years, and which were immediately and fully vested. Under ASC 718, the value of each stock option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the purpose of financial information in accordance with ASC 718. The use of a Black-Scholes model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the use of a number of assumptions including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Cumulative compensation cost recognized in net income or loss with respect to options that are forfeited prior to vesting is adjusted as a reduction of compensation expense in the period of forfeiture. The volatility of the stock is based on a comparable public company's historical volatility since our stock is rarely traded.  Fair value computations are highly sensitive to the volatility factor; the greater the volatility, the higher the computed fair value of options granted. The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models  require the use of assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility.

The factors used to estimate the value of the option grant and the resulting fair market value, were as follows. 

On March 13, 2021 we granted 16,000 options to two officers and 4,500 options to other key employees, which have a term of 5 years, and which were immediately and fully vested.

The factors used to estimate the value of the option grant and the resulting fair market value, were as follows.

The above fair market value of the options was a charge to our statement of income, with an offsetting credit to capital.

Cumulative compensation cost recognized in net income or loss with respect to options that are forfeited prior to vesting is adjusted as a reduction of compensation expense in the period of forfeiture. The volatility of the stock is based on a comparable public company's historical volatility since our stock is rarely traded.  Fair value computations are highly sensitive to the volatility factor; the greater the volatility, the higher the computed fair value of options granted.

The Black-Scholes model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the use of assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because our employee stock options have characteristics significantly different than those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee stock options. A summary of our stock option activity and related information for equity compensation plans approved by security holders for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

The following table summarizes information about employee stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022:

The exercise price of all options granted through December 31, 2022 has been equal to or greater than the fair market value as of the date of grant, as determined by the Board.  As of December 31, 2022, 20,300 options for our common stock remain available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

The provisions of ASC 718-10-55 require the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and directors, including employee stock options, based on estimated fair values.  Share-based compensation cost for stock options is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing model.  The BSM option pricing model requires the use of actual employee exercise behavior data and the application of a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, risk free interest rate and expected dividends.  For the options granted in 2022, the pricing model assumptions were: risk-free interest rate 0.88%, expected life 5 years, expected volatility 23%, expected dividend rate 0%. For the options granted in 2021, the pricing model assumptions were: risk-free interest rate 0.85%, expected life 5 years, expected volatility 24%, expected dividend rate 0%. Applying these assumptions resulted in a fair value of $17,157 and $92,698 in 2022 and 2021 respectively, all of which was charged against operations with a corresponding credit to capital. Unvested options were credited against operations, which resulted in total share-based compensation cost of $17,157 and $30,351 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

No options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

The total number of authorized shares of common stock continues to be 50,000,000 with no change in the par value per share.

5.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Mortgage Expense. We purchased our facilities in Wheat Ridge, Colorado on October 31, 2014 for $1,949,139 and took out a term loan secured by a first mortgage on the property in the amount of $1,581,106 with Bank of America for a portion of the purchase price.  Effective June 30, 2016 the note was amended to revise the interest rate from 4.45% to 4.00% per annum.  This loan was paid on September 30, 2021 with proceeds from a new term loan also secured by a first-priority mortgage on the property, in the principal amount of $1,350,000 which matures in September, 2031.

The new note is payable in 119 equal monthly installments of $7,453, including interest, plus a final payment of $773,727 (excluding interest) on September 30, 2031.  Our minimum future principal payments on this term loan, by year, are as follows:

Employee Severance Benefits. Our obligation with respect to employee severance benefits is minimized by the "at will" nature of the employee relationships.  As of December 31, 2022 we had no obligation with respect to contingent severance benefit obligations other than the Company's obligations under the employment agreement with its chief executive officer, Dr. Wayne Willkomm. In the event that Dr. Willkomm's employment is terminated by the Company without Cause (including through a decision by the Company not to renew the employment agreement) or by Dr. Willkomm with Good Reason (as each are defined in the employment agreement), Dr. Willkomm will be eligible, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, for severance equal to two months of salary continuation plus 12 months of health insurance continuation.

Contractual Commitments and Purchase Orders. Contractual commitments under development agreements and outstanding purchase orders issued to vendors in the ordinary course of business totaled $505,514 at December 31, 2022.

Regulatory Commitments. We are subject to certain regulations of the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") and to.   to regulation by the United States Department of Transportation and various state departments of transportation.  We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all known applicable regulations.

6.  LINE OF CREDIT AND PAYCHECK PROTECTION LOAN

As part of the long-term financing of our property purchased on October 31, 2014, we obtained a one-year $250,000 revolving line of credit facility with Bank of America, which matured on October 31, 2015 and was extended to June 30, 2018. The agreement was amended to increase the amount of the line to $750,000 and extend the maturity date to September 28, 2021. The revolving line of credit facility expired in accordance with its terms and has not been renewed. There was no balance due on the line of credit as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act allocated $350 billion to help small businesses keep workers employed amid the pandemic and economic downturn. Known as the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), the initiative provides federally guaranteed loans to small businesses.  A portion or all of these loans may be forgiven if borrowers comply with certain PPP guidelines including spending the funds on authorized expenses and maintaining their payrolls during the crisis or restore their payrolls afterward. On May 4, 2020, the Company received proceeds of $465,097 from Bank of America under the PPP (the “PPP Loan”). The funds were used for certain qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, and the loan was forgiven in its entirety in February, 2021. Proceeds of $471,347 were received from a second loan with similar terms in February, 2021 and the funds were used for certain qualifying expenses as described in the CARES Act, and the loan was forgiven in its entirety in September, 2021. No interest on either loan has been recognized in our financial statements.

7.  INCOME TAXES

We account for income taxes under ASC 740, which requires the use of the liability method.  ASC 740 provides that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes, referred to as temporary differences.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period are determined using the currently enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the periods in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. The CARES Act provided for carrying back our 2020 net operating loss, which resulted in previous Federal General Business Credits being eliminated, and a carryover available for 2021 of $179.426. After various adjustments, including the exclusion from taxable income of forgiveness of the Paycheck Protection loans, we reported a loss for tax purposes of $259,180 in 2021. Thus the Federal General Business Credit carryover is increased by unused 2021 credits of $71,341, making $250,767 available for 2022, which is increased by $88,190, making $338,957 available for 2023. The net operating loss carryback has been eliminated and our 2022 loss may be carried forward indefinitely.

Our income tax (benefit) provision is summarized below:

The State provision of $14 in 2022 results from providing an estimated reserve for unusable loss carryovers.

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the (benefit) provision for income taxes consists of the following:

The components of the deferred tax asset are as follows:

Our income tax returns are no longer subject to Federal or state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2017.

8.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We were not involved or party to any legal proceedings at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021, and therefore made no accruals for legal proceedings in either 2022 or 2021.

9.  MAJOR CUSTOMERS/SUPPLIERS

We depend on sales that are generated from our customers' ongoing usage of alcohol testing instruments.

One customer contributed 6% ($532,048) to our product sales in 2022, a second customer contributed 6% ($486,630), a third customer contributed 3% ($287,098), and no other customer contributed more than 3%. One customer contributed 4% ($300,103) to our total sales in 2021, a second customer contributed 3% ($228,162), a third customer contributed 3% ($204,512), and no other customer contributed more than 3%. In making this determination, we considered the federal government, state governments, local governments, and foreign governments each as a single customer.  

In 2022, we depended upon three vendors for approximately 26% of our purchases (three vendors and 21% respectively in 2021).

10.  DEFINED CONTRIBUTION EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

We have adopted a 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan ("401(k) Plan") which covers all full-time employees who have completed 3 months of full-time continuous service and are age eighteen or older. Participants may defer up to 100% of their gross pay up to 401(k) Plan limits.  Participants are immediately vested in their contributions.  We make monthly discretionary matching contributions of 3% of the total payroll of the participating employees.  In 2022 and 2021 we contributed $58,044 and $8,731 respectively.  The participants vest in Company contributions based on years of service, with a participant fully vested after six years of credited service.

11. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

We currently have two business segments: (i) the sale of physical products, including portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies, education, training ("Product Sales"), and royalties from development contracts with OEM manufacturers ("Royalties" and, together with Product Sales, the "Products" segment), and (ii) rental of a portion of our building (the "Rentals" segment).  The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2.

Operating profits for these segments exclude unallocated corporate items.  Administrative and staff costs were commonly used by all business segments and were indistinguishable.

The following sets forth information about the operations of the business segments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

There were no intersegment revenues.

At December 31, 2022, $558,427 of our assets were used in the Rentals segment, with the remainder, $7,959,334, used in the Products and unallocated segments.

Future rental income and related expenses will depend on whether existing leases are renewed. Minimum base rents for leases in place at December 31, 2022 are scheduled to be $40,858 in 2023.

12.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

We evaluated all of our activity and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in our financial statements or disclosure in the notes to our financial statements.