JDW Wetherspoon ( J.d.) Plc

Corporate Governance

 

Wetherspoon has been a strong critic of the composition of the boards of UK-quoted companies.

 

Directors of UK PLCs have, on average, relatively little experience of the companies they govern, due to the "nine-year rule", which limits their tenure, combined with the fact that most directors are part-time, and have never worked for the company in question, on a full-time basis.

 

In addition, those responsible for overseeing governance, among institutional shareholders, are often responsible for several hundred companies each, making genuine board engagement impossible, and thereby necessitating a "tick-box" approach, which is the antithesis of good governance.

 

The combination of arbitrary rules, the preponderance of part-time directors and overloaded institutional governance departments means that bureaucracy and virtue-signalling, rather than innovation and efficacy, dominate most UK PLC boardrooms.

 

In appendix 3 below, further details are provided on this issue from our FY23 annual report.

 

 

Further progress

 

In the period Wetherspoon awarded £49.0 million of bonuses and free shares to employees, of which 96.5% was paid to staff below board level and 86.3% was paid to staff working in our pubs. Approximately 24,500 of our 42,300 employees are shareholders in the company.

 

The average length of service of a pub manager increased to 14.9 years, and of a kitchen manager is 10.9 years. There are 26 employees who have worked for the company for more than 30 years, 662 for more than 20 years, 4,056 for more than 10 years and 11,444 for more than five years.

 

Wetherspoon has been recognised by the Top Employers Institute as a Top Employer United Kingdom 2024. It is the 19th time that Wetherspoon has been certified by the Top Employers' Institute.

 

251 pubs feature in the 2025 Good Beer Guide, an increase of 15 compared to last year.

 

In November 2023, Wetherspoon was voted the Best Airport Retailer for Food & Beverages at the British Travel Awards.

 

In August 2024, our national distribution centre in Daventry, operated by DHL, had its 20th anniversary. 27 of the original colleagues from 2004 are still working there. In addition, we opened a secondary warehouse in Rugby which, as well as acting as a business continuity solution, will allow for further company volume growth.

 

The company has an extensive training programme for its employees, including 'kitchen of excellence' training, as well as cellar, dispense and coffee academy training.

 

Wetherspoon has recently been included in the Financial Times 'FT - Statista Leaders 2024' report, which highlights Europe's leading companies in diversity and inclusion.

 

The company's UK nominated charity is Young Lives vs. Cancer (previously CLIC Sargent). It supports children and young people with cancer. Since our partnership began in 2002, Wetherspoon has raised over £23.5 million for the charity, thanks to the generosity and efforts of our customers and employees.

 

677 of the company's washrooms have been awarded the highest platinum or diamond statuses by the National Loo of the Year awards. The awards are aimed at highlighting and improving standards of away-from home washrooms across the UK. The washrooms are judged against numerous criteria, including décor and maintenance, cleanliness, accessibility, hand-washing and drying equipment and overall management.

 

In January 2024, the company was awarded the highest rating by the Sustainable Restaurant

Association - the world's largest accreditation scheme for pubs and restaurants, see link to SRA article.

 

Wetherspoon came first in the 'Out to Lunch' league table, compiled by the Soil Association, when last awarded, in 2019 and 2021. Restaurants and pubs are judged and scored on a range of criteria: family friendliness, healthy options, food quality, value, sustainability and ingredients' provenance.

 

Wetherspoon is seeking to extend the appeal of its menu. For example, 39% of the dishes on the menu that is available in the majority of pubs are vegetarian, 11% are vegan and 24% are under 500 calories.

 

Cod and haddock are sourced from fisheries which have been certified to the MSC's (Marine Stewardship Council) standards for well-managed and sustainable fisheries.

 

Guinness have a 'Quality Accreditation Programme'. Independent assessors review 17 aspects of quality. 100% of pubs passed their Guinness accreditation.

 

Since 2008, Wetherspoon has invited brewers from overseas to feature their ales in its real-ale festivals. To date, these brewers have contributed 234 ales, from 147 breweries in 29 countries. In addition, the company works with over 250 UK brewers, mostly small or "micro" brewers.

 

Since 1999, Wetherspoon has worked with independent real-ale quality assessor Cask Marque to gauge the quality of ale being served in its pubs. Cask Marque carries out an 11-point audit covering stock rotation, beer line cleanliness, equipment maintenance, glass washing cleanliness and hygiene. A star rating is awarded from 1 to 5, with a target of 4 to 5 stars for all pubs. Cask Marque state that 66% of UK pubs achieve 4 or 5 stars. 98% of Wetherspoon pubs have achieved 4 or 5 stars.

 

 

Sustainability, recycling and the environment

 

Wherever possible, Wetherspoon separates waste into eight streams: glass; tins/cans; cooking oil; paper/cardboard; plastic; lightbulbs; food waste and general waste.

 

In partnership with Veolia, our waste service provider, 99.8% of general waste was diverted from landfill in FY24.

 

9,324 tonnes of recyclable waste were processed last year at our national recycling centre. In addition, food waste is sent for 'anaerobic digestion' and used cooking oil is converted to biodiesel for agricultural use.

 

Smart meters are installed in the majority of pubs (and are being installed into the rest of pubs) to facilitate energy consumption reporting.

 

According to ISTA, a leading company providing energy services, Wetherspoon has reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 66% over the last 10 years, after adjusting for sales growth. During that time, the company has also contributed £108.1m in climate change levies and carbon taxes.

 

 

Length of service

 

The table below provides details of the improved retention levels of pub and kitchen managers, key areas for any pub company, in the last decade.

 

Financial year	Average pub manager length of service	Average kitchen manager length of service
	(Years)	(Years)
2014	10.0	6.1
2015	10.1	6.1
2016	11.0	7.1
2017	11.1	8.0
2018	12.0	8.1
2019	12.2	8.1
2020	12.9	9.1
2021	13.6	9.6
2022	13.9	10.4
2023	14.3	10.6
2024	14.9	10.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bonuses and free shares

 

As indicated above, Wetherspoon has, for many years (see table below), operated a bonus and share scheme for all employees. Before the pandemic, these awards increased, as earnings increased for shareholders.

 

Financial year	Bonus and free shares	Profit/(loss) after tax1	Bonus and free shares as % of profits
	£m	£m
2007	19	47	41%
2008	16	36	45%
2009	21	45	45%
2010	23	51	44%
2011	23	52	43%
2012	24	57	42%
2013	29	65	44%
2014	29	59	50%
2015	31	57	53%
2016	33	57	58%
2017	44	77	57%
2018	43	84	51%
2019	46	80	58%
2020	33	(39)	-
2021	23	(146)	-
2022	30	(25)	-
2023	36	34	106%
2024	49	59	83%
Total2	466	860	54.2%

¹(IFRS-16 was implemented in the year ending 26 July 2020 (FY20). From this period all profit numbers in the above table are on a Post-IFRS-16 basis. Prior to this date all profit numbers are on a Pre-IFRS-16 basis.

² Excludes 2020, 2021 and 2022.

 

 

Food hygiene ratings

 

Wetherspoon has always emphasised the importance of hygiene standards.

 

We now have 735 pubs rated on the Food Standards Agency's website (see table below). The average score is 4.99, with 99.6% of the pubs achieving a top rating of five stars. We believe this to be the highest average rating for any substantial pub company.

 

In the separate Scottish scheme, which records either a 'pass' or a 'fail', all of our 56 pubs have passed.

 

Financial Year	Total pubs scored	Average rating	Pubs with highest rating %
2014	824	4.91	92.0
2015	858	4.93	94.1
2016	836	4.89	91.7
2017	818	4.89	91.8
2018	807	4.97	97.3
2019	799	4.97	97.4
2020	781	4.96	97.0
2021	787	4.97	98.4
2022	775	4.98	98.6
2023	753	4.99	99.2
2024	735	4.99	99.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property litigation

 

Some years ago, Wetherspoon took successful legal action for fraud against its own property advisors Van de Berg, who were found, by the court, to have diverted freehold properties to third parties, leaving Wetherspoon with an inferior leasehold interest.

 

Following the Van de Berg case, Wetherspoon instigated further legal actions against a number of individuals and companies who had freehold properties introduced to them by Van de Berg. Liability was denied by all. The cases were contested and settled out of court. Details can be found in appendix 4 below.

 

 

Press corrections

 

In the febrile atmosphere of the first UK lockdown, a number of harmful inaccuracies were published in the press. A large number of corrections and apologies were received, as a result of legal representations by Wetherspoon.

 

In order to try to set the record straight, a special edition of Wetherspoon News was published, which includes details of the apologies and corrections. It can be found on the company's website:

 

(https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Does-Truth-Matter_.pdf).

 

 

Pubwatch

 

As Wetherspoon has previously highlighted, Pubwatch is a forum which has improved wider town and city environments, by bringing together pubs, local authorities and the police, in a concerted way, to encourage good behaviour and to reduce antisocial activity.

 

Wetherspoon pubs are members of 532 schemes country wide, with 4 new schemes and 10 less schemes due to disposals.

 

The company also helps to fund National Pubwatch, founded in 1997 by licensees Bill Stone and Raoul De Vaux, along with police superintendent Malcolm Eidmans. This is the umbrella organisation which helps to set up, co-ordinate and support local schemes.

 

It is our experience that in some towns and cities, where the authorities have struggled to control antisocial behaviour, the setting up of a Pubwatch has been instrumental in improving safety and security - of not only licensed premises, but also the town and city in general, as well as assisting the police in bringing down crime.

 

Conversely, we have found, in several towns, including some towns on the outskirts of London, that the absence of an effective Pubwatch scheme results in higher incidents of crime, disorder and antisocial behaviour.

 

In our view, Pubwatch is integral to making towns and cities a safe environment for everyone.

 

 

Current trading and outlook

 

As indicated above, sales continue to improve. In the last nine weeks, to 29 September 2024, like-for-like sales increased by 4.9%.

 

The company continues to be concerned about the possibility of further lockdowns and about the efficacy of the government enquiry into the pandemic, which will not be concluded for several years.

 

In contrast, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported on its findings in 2022.

 

Professor Francois Balloux, director of the UCL Genetics Institute, writing in The Guardian, and Professor Robert Dingwall, of Trent University, writing in the Telegraph, provide useful synopses of the WHO report:

 

(see pages 54-56 of Wetherspoon News

https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wetherspoon-News-autumn-2022.pdf)

 

The conclusion of Professor Balloux, broadly echoed by Professor Dingwall, based on an analysis by the World Health Organisation of the pandemic, is that Sweden (which did not lock down), had a Covid-19 fatality rate "of about half the UK's" and that "the worst performer, by some margin, is Peru, despite enforcing the harshest, longest lockdown."

 

Professor Balloux concludes that "the strength of mitigation measures does not seem to be a particularly strong indicator of excess deaths."

 

The company currently anticipates a reasonable outcome for the current financial year, subject to our future sales performance.

 

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX 1 Extract from Wetherspoon FY23 Annual report, Chairman's Statement

Business rates transmogrified to a sales tax

 

Business rates are supposed to be based on the value of the building, rather than the level of trade of the tenant. This should mean that the rateable value per square foot is approximately the same for comparable pubs in similar locations. However, as a result of the valuation approach adopted by the government "Assessor" in Scotland, Wetherspoon often pays far higher rates per square foot than its competitors.

 

This is highlighted (in the tables below) by assessments for the Omni Centre, a modern leisure complex in central Edinburgh, where Wetherspoon has been assessed at more than double the rate per square foot of the average of its competitors, and for The Centre in Livingston (West Lothian), a modern shopping centre, where a similar anomaly applies.

 

As a result of applying valuation practice from another era, which assumed that pubs charged approximately the same prices, the raison d'être of the rating system - that rates are based on property values, not the tenant's trade - has been undermined.

 

Similar issues are evident in Galashiels, Arbroath, Anniesland - and, indeed, at most Wetherspoon pubs in Scotland. In effect, the application of the rating system in Scotland discriminates against businesses like Wetherspoon, which have lower prices, and encourages businesses to charge higher prices. As a result, consumers are likely to pay higher prices, which cannot be the intent of rating legislation.

 

Omni Centre, Edinburgh					The Centre, Livingston
Occupier Name	Rateable Value (RV)	Customer Area (ft²)	Rates per square foot		Occupier Name	Rateable Value (RV)	Customer Area (ft²)	Rates per square foot
Playfair (JDW)	£218,750	2,756	£79.37		The Newyearfield (JDW)	£165,750	4,090	£40.53
Unit 9 (vacant)	£48,900	1,053	£46.44		Paraffin Lamp	£52,200	2,077	£25.13
Unit 7 (vacant)	£81,800	2,283	£35.83		Wagamama	£67,600	2,096	£32.25
Frankie & Benny's	£119,500	2,731	£43.76		Nando's	£80,700	2,196	£36.75
Nando's	£122,750	2,804	£43.78		Chiquito	£68,500	2,221	£30.84
Slug & Lettuce	£108,750	3,197	£34.02		Ask Italian	£69,600	2,254	£30.88
The Filling Station	£147,750	3,375	£43.78		Pizza Express	£68,100	2,325	£29.29
Tony Macaroni	£125,000	3,427	£36.48		Prezzo	£70,600	2,413	£29.26
Unit 6 (vacant)	£141,750	3,956	£35.83		Harvester	£98,600	3,171	£31.09
Cosmo	£200,000	7,395	£27.05		Pizza Hut	£111,000	3,796	£29.24
Average (exc JDW)	£121,800	3,358	£38.55		Hot Flame	£136,500	4,661	£29.29
					Average (exc JDW)	£82,340	2,721	£30.40

 

In summary, as a result of the approach taken in Scotland, business rates for pubs are de facto a sales tax, rather than a property tax, as the above examples clearly demonstrate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX 2 Extract from Wetherspoon FY23 Annual report, Chairman's Statement

 

VAT equality

 

As we have previously stated, the government would generate more revenue and jobs if it were to create tax equality among supermarkets, pubs and restaurants.

Supermarkets pay virtually no VAT in respect of food sales, whereas pubs pay 20%. This has enabled supermarkets to subsidise the price of alcoholic drinks, widening the price gap, to the detriment of pubs and restaurants. Pubs also pay around 20 pence a pint in business rates, whereas supermarkets pay only about 2 pence, creating further inequality.

 

Pubs have lost 50% of their beer sales to supermarkets in the last 35 or so years. It makes no sense for supermarkets to be treated more leniently than pubs, since pubs generate far more jobs per pint or meal than do supermarkets, as well as far higher levels of tax. Pubs also make an important contribution to the social life of many communities and have better visibility and control of those who consume alcoholic drinks.

.

Tax equality is particularly important for residents of less affluent areas, since the tax differential is more important there - people can less afford to pay the difference in prices between the on and off trade.

 

As a result, in these less affluent areas, there are often fewer pubs, coffee shops and restaurants, with less employment and increased high-street dereliction. Tax equality would also be in line with the principle of fairness - the same taxes should apply to businesses which sell the same products.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX 3 Extract from Wetherspoon FY23 Annual report, Chairman's Statement

 

Corporate Governance

 

Wetherspoon has been a strong critic of the composition of the boards of UK-quoted companies.

 

As a result of the 'nine-year rule', limiting the tenure of NEDs and the presumption in favour of 'independent', part-time chairmen, boards are often composed of short-term directors, with very little representation from those who understand the company best - people who work for it full time, or have worked for it full time.

 

Wetherspoon's review of the boards of major banks and pub companies, which teetered on the edge of failure in the 2008-10 recession, highlighted the short "tenure", on average, of directors.

 

In contrast, Wetherspoon noted the relative success, during this fraught financial period, of pub companies Fuller's and Young's, the boards of which were dominated by experienced executives, or former executives.

 

As a result, Wetherspoon increased the level of experience on the Wetherspoon board by appointing four "worker directors".

 

All four worker directors started on the 'shop floor' and eventually became successful pub managers. Three have been promoted to regional management roles. They have worked for the company for an average of 24 years.

 

Board composition cannot guarantee future success, but it makes sensible decisions, based on experience at the coalface of the business, more likely.

 

The UK Corporate Governance Code 2018 (the 'Code') is a vast improvement on previous codes, emphasising the importance of employees, customers and other stakeholders in commercial success. It also emphasises the importance of its comply-or-explain ethos, and the consequent need for shareholders to engage with companies in order to understand their explanations.

 

A major impediment to the effective implementation of comply or explain seems to be the undermanning of the corporate governance departments of major shareholders.

 

For example, Wetherspoon has met a compliance officer from one major institution who is responsible for around 400 companies - an impossible task.

 

As a result, it appears that compliance officers and governance advisors, in practice, often rely on a "tick-box" approach, which is, itself, in breach of the Code.

 

A further issue is that many major investors, in their own companies, for sensible reasons, do not observe the nine-year rule, and other rules, themselves. An approach of "do what I say, not what I do" is clearly unsustainable.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX 4 Extract from Wetherspoon FY23 Annual report, Chairman's Statement

 

 

Property Litigation

 

In 2013, Wetherspoon agreed an out-of-court settlement of approximately £1.25 million with developer Anthony Lyons, formerly of property leisure agent Davis Coffer Lyons, relating to claims that Mr Lyons had been an accessory to frauds committed by Wetherspoon's former retained agent Van de Berg and its directors Christian Braun, George Aldridge and Richard Harvey in respect of properties in Leytonstone (which currently trades as the Walnut Tree), Newbury (which was leased to Café Rouge) and Portsmouth (which currently trades as The Isambard Kingdom Brunel).

 

Of these three properties, only Portsmouth was pleaded by Wetherspoon in its 2008/9 case against Van de Berg. Mr Lyons denied the claim and the litigation was contested.

 

In the Van de Berg litigation, Mr Justice Peter Smith ruled that Van de Berg, but not Mr Lyons (who was not a party to the case), fraudulently diverted the freehold of Portsmouth from Wetherspoon to Moorstown Properties Limited, a company owned by Simon Conway, which leased the property to Wetherspoon.

 

As part of a series of cases, Wetherspoon also agreed out-of-court settlements with:

 

1) Paul Ferrari of London estate agent Ferrari Dewe & Co, in respect of properties referred to as the 'Ferrari Five' by Mr Justice Peter Smith in the Van de Berg case, and

 

2) Property investor Jason Harris, formerly of First London and now of First Urban Group who paid £400,000 to Wetherspoon to settle a claim in which it was alleged that Harris was an accessory to frauds committed by Van de Berg. Harris contested the claim and did not admit liability.

 

Messrs Ferrari and Harris both contested the claims and did not admit liability.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INCOME STATEMENT for the 52 weeks ended 28 July 2024

 

 

 

 

¹ Separately disclosed items is a measure not required by accounting standards. Post separately disclosed items is a GAAP measure.

 

		52 weeks		52 weeks		52 weeks		52 weeks	52 weeks	52 weeks
	Notes	ended		ended		ended		ended	ended	ended
		28 July		28 July		28 July		30 July	30 July	30 July
		2024		2024		2024		2023	2023	2023
		before		separately		after		before	separately	after
		separately		disclosed		separately		separately	disclosed	separately
		disclosed		Items1		disclosed		disclosed	items1	disclosed
		items1				items1		items1		items1
		£000		£000		£000		£000	£000	£000
Revenue	1	2,035,500		-		2,035,500		1,925,044	-	1,925,044
Other operating income/(costs)	4	-		4,153		4,153		-	(1,022)	(1,022)
Operating costs		(1,896,009)		(1,059)		(1,897,068)		(1,817,982)	-	(1,817,982)
Operating profit		139,491		3,094		142,585		107,062	(1,022)	106,040
Property gains/(losses)	3	11		(32,480)		(32,469)		2,231	(47,712)	(45,481)
Finance income	6	2,032		16,131		18,163		1,351	97,724	99,075
Finance costs	6	(67,659)		-		(67,659)		(68,085)	(1,038)	(69,123)
Profit/(loss) before tax		73,875		(13,255)		60,620		42,559	47,952	90,511
Income tax (charge)/credit	7	(15,361)		3,526		(11,835)		(8,734)	(22,190)	(30,924)
Profit/(loss) for the period		58,514		(9,729)		48,785		33,825	25,762	59,587
Profit/(loss) per ordinary share (p)
- Basic	8	48.6		(8.1)		40.5		27.0	20.5	47.5
- Diluted	8	46.8		(7.8)		39.0		26.4	20.1	46.5

 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the 52 weeks ended 28 July 2024

	Notes		52 weeks	52 weeks
			ended	ended
			28 July	30 July
			2024	2023
			£000	£000
Items which will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Interest-rate swaps: gain taken to other comprehensive income			38	37,529
Interest-rate swaps: loss reclassification to the income statement			(18,025)	(13,310)
Tax on items taken directly to other comprehensive income	7		-	(6,055)
Currency translation differences			(1,294)	1,633
Net (loss)/gain recognised directly in other comprehensive income			(19,281)	19,797
Profit for the period			48,785	59,587
Total comprehensive profit for the period			29,504	79,384