Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024



or
☐			Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

			For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File No. 1-13998

Insperity, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						76-0479645
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


19001 Crescent Springs Drive
Kingwood,	Texas	77339
(Address of principal executive offices)

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code): (281) 358-8986


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	NSP	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 30, 2024, 37,538,464 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.


TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

	Forward Looking Statements	4
Part I, Item 1.	Financial Statements	6
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	Consolidated Statements of Income	7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	9
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Part I, Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Part I, Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	36
Part I, Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
Part II, Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Part II, Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Part II, Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Part II, Item 5.	Other Information	37
Part II, Item 6.	Exhibits	38


FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You can identify such forward-looking statements by the words “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “likely,” “possibly,” “probably,” “could,” “goal,” “opportunity,” “objective,” “target,” “assume,” “outlook,” “guidance,” “predicts,” “appears,” “indicator” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. In the normal course of business, in an effort to help keep our stockholders and the public informed about our operations, from time to time, we may issue such forward-looking statements, either orally or in writing. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies; including our strategic partnership with Workday, Inc.; projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of such plans or strategies; or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings, average number of worksite employees (“WSEEs”), benefits and workers’ compensation costs, or other operating results. We base these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, estimates and projections. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that we cannot predict. In addition, we have based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. Therefore, the actual results of the future events described in such forward-looking statements could differ materially from those stated in such forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are:

•adverse economic conditions;

•failure to comply with or meet client expectations regarding certain COVID-19 relief programs;

•bank failures or other events affecting financial institutions; labor shortages, increasing competition for highly skilled workers, and evolving employee expectations regarding the workplace;

•impact of inflation;

•vulnerability to regional economic factors because of our geographic market concentration;

•failure to comply with covenants under our credit facility;

•impact of a future outbreak of highly infectious or contagious disease;

•our liability for WSEE payroll, payroll taxes and benefits costs, or other liabilities associated with actions of our client companies or WSEEs, including if our clients fail to pay us;

•increases in health insurance costs and workers’ compensation rates and underlying claims trends, health care reform, financial solvency of workers’ compensation carriers, other insurers or financial institutions, state unemployment tax rates, liabilities for employee and client actions or payroll-related claims;

•an adverse determination regarding our status as the employer of our WSEEs for tax and benefit purposes and an inability to offer alternative benefit plans following such a determination;

•cancellation of client contracts on short notice, or the inability to renew client contracts or attract new clients;

•the ability to secure competitive replacement contracts for health insurance and workers’ compensation insurance at expiration of current contracts;

•regulatory and tax developments and possible adverse application of various federal, state and local regulations;

•failure to manage growth of our operations and the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts;

•the impact of the competitive environment and other developments in the human resources services industry, including the professional employer organization (or PEO) industry, on our growth and/or profitability;

•an adverse final judgment or settlement of claims against Insperity;

•disruptions of our information technology systems or failure to enhance our service and technology offerings to address new regulations or client expectations;


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			4


FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

•our liability or damage to our reputation relating to disclosure of sensitive or private information as a result of data theft, cyberattacks or security vulnerabilities;

•failure of third-party providers, such as financial institutions, data centers or cloud service providers;

•our ability to fully realize the anticipated benefits of our strategic partnership and plans to develop a joint solution with Workday, Inc.; and

•our ability to integrate or realize expected returns on future product offerings, including through acquisitions, strategic partnerships, and investments.

These factors are discussed in further detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, and elsewhere in this report. Any of these factors, or a combination of such factors, could materially affect the results of our operations and whether forward-looking statements we make ultimately prove to be accurate.

Any forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof and, unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			5


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


(in millions)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	676	$	693
Restricted cash	64		57
Marketable securities	16		16
Accounts receivable, net	740		694
Prepaid insurance and related assets	34		7


Funds held for clients and other current assets	91		128
Total current assets	1,621		1,595
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	186		197
Right-of-use (“ROU”) leased assets	55		57
Prepaid health insurance	9		9
Deposits – health insurance	8		8
Deposits – workers’ compensation	170		198
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	13		13
Deferred income taxes, net	15		20
Other assets	18		23
Total assets	$	2,095	$	2,120
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Accounts payable	$	7	$	11
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	504		566
Accrued worksite employee payroll costs	627		559
Accrued health insurance costs	42		46
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	67		60
Accrued corporate payroll and commissions	59		64
Income taxes payable	5		3
Client funds liability and other accrued liabilities	72		127
Total current liabilities	1,383		1,436
Accrued workers’ compensation costs, net of current	146		163
Long-term debt	369		369
Operating lease liabilities, net of current	55		58


Total noncurrent liabilities	570		590
Commitments and contingencies
Common stock	1		1
Additional paid-in capital	191		185
Treasury stock, at cost	(838)		(831)
Retained earnings	788		739
Total stockholders' equity	142		94
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,095	$	2,120

See accompanying notes.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			6


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Revenues	$	1,605	$	1,585	$	3,407	$	3,355
Payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs	1,345		1,360		2,802		2,798
Gross profit	260		225		605		557
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	126		110		266		235
Stock-based compensation	20		15		30		26
Commissions	11		12		23		23
Advertising	12		17		19		23
General and administrative expenses	57		44		114		92
Depreciation and amortization	11		11		22		21
Total operating expenses	237		209		474		420
Operating income	23		16		131		137
Other income (expense):
Interest income	9		7		19		16
Interest expense	(7)		(7)		(14)		(13)
Income before income tax expense	25		16		136		140
Income tax expense	7		4		39		33
Net income	$	18	$	12	$	97	$	107

Net income per share of common stock
Basic	$	0.48	$	0.34	$	2.58	$	2.82
Diluted	$	0.48	$	0.33	$	2.56	$	2.78

See accompanying notes.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			7


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	97	$	107
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	22		21
Stock-based compensation	30		26
Deferred income taxes	5		5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(46)		18
Prepaid insurance and related assets	(27)		(11)
Other current assets	(11)		—
Other assets and ROU assets	11		1
Accounts payable	(4)		(1)
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	(62)		(154)
Accrued worksite employee payroll costs	68		11
Accrued health insurance costs	(4)		(19)
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	(10)		(2)
Accrued corporate payroll, commissions and other accrued liabilities	(20)		(53)
Income taxes payable/receivable	2		(19)
Total adjustments	(46)		(177)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	51		(70)

Cash flows from investing activities
Marketable securities:
Purchases	(12)		(32)
Proceeds from maturities	12		22
Proceeds from dispositions	—		8
Property and equipment purchases	(11)		(14)
Net cash used in investing activities	(11)		(16)

Cash flows from financing activities
Purchase of treasury stock	(37)		(45)
Dividends paid	(44)		(42)
Client funds liability and other	(46)		2
Net cash used in financing activities	(127)		(85)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients	(87)		(171)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients beginning of period	1,035		1,014
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients end of period	$	948	$	843


Supplemental cash flow information:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	7	$	5

See accompanying notes.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			8


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023


	Common Stock Issued			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings and AOCI		Total
(in millions)	Shares	Amount

Balance at December 31, 2023	55	$	1	$	185	$	(831)	$	739	$	94
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	—	—		—		(37)		—		(37)
Issuance of equity-based incentive awards and dividend equivalents	—	—		(24)		28		(4)		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		29		1		—		30
Other	—	—		1		1		—		2
Dividends paid	—	—		—		—		(44)		(44)

Net income	—	—		—		—		97		97
Balance at June 30, 2024	55	$	1	$	191	$	(838)	$	788	$	142

Balance at December 31, 2022	55	$	1	$	151	$	(726)	$	655	$	81
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	—	—		—		(45)		—		(45)
Issuance of equity-based incentive awards and dividend equivalents	—	—		(21)		25		(4)		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		26		—		—		26
Other	—	—		2		1		1		4
Dividends paid	—	—		—		—		(42)		(42)

Net income	—	—		—		—		107		107
Balance at June 30, 2023	55	$	1	$	158	$	(745)	$	717	$	131


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			9


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Continued)

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023


	Common Stock Issued			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings and AOCI		Total
(in millions)	Shares	Amount

Balance at March 31, 2024	55	$	1	$	172	$	(826)	$	793	$	140
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	—	—		—		(14)		—		(14)
Issuance of equity-based incentive awards and dividend equivalents	—	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		19		1		—		20
Other	—	—		—		1		—		1
Dividends paid	—	—		—		—		(23)		(23)

Net income	—	—		—		—		18		18
Balance at June 30, 2024	55	$	1	$	191	$	(838)	$	788	$	142

Balance at March 31, 2023	55	$	1	$	142	$	(735)	$	725	$	133
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost	—	—		—		(10)		—		(10)
Issuance of equity-based incentive awards and dividend equivalents	—	—		—		(1)		1		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		15		—		—		15
Other	—	—		1		1		1		3
Dividends paid	—	—		—		—		(22)		(22)

Net income	—	—		—		—		12		12
Balance at June 30, 2023	55	$	1	$	158	$	(745)	$	717	$	131

See accompanying notes.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			10


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.			Basis of Presentation

Insperity, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Insperity,” “we,” “our,” and “us”), provides an array of human resources (“HR”) and business solutions designed to help improve business performance. Our most comprehensive HR services offerings are provided through our professional employer organization (“PEO”) services, known as our Workforce Optimization® and Workforce SynchronizationTM solutions (together, our “PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions”), which we provide by entering into a co-employment relationship with our clients. Our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions encompass a broad range of HR functions, including payroll and employment administration, employee benefits, workers’ compensation, government compliance, performance management, and training and development services, along with our cloud-based human capital management solution, the Insperity PremierTM platform.

In addition to our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions, we offer a comprehensive traditional payroll and human capital management solution, known as our Workforce AccelerationTM solution (our “Traditional Payroll Solution”). We also offer a number of other business performance solutions, including Recruiting Services, Employment Screening, Retirement Services, and Insurance Services. These other products or services are offered separately or with our other solutions.

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Insperity, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information or footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2024 and our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 and our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, have been prepared by us without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been made, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for a full year or of future operations.


2.			Accounting Policies

Health Insurance Costs

We provide group health insurance coverage under a single-employer plan that covers both our WSEEs in our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions and our corporate employees and utilizes a national network of carriers, including UnitedHealthcare (“United”), UnitedHealthcare of California, Kaiser Permanente, Blue Shield of California, HMSA BlueCross BlueShield of Hawaii, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, formerly known as Tufts, all of which provide fully insured policies or service contracts.

Approximately 87% of our costs related to health insurance coverage are provided under our policy with United. While the policy with United is a fully insured plan, as a result of certain contractual terms, we have accounted for this plan since its inception using a partially self-funded insurance accounting model. Effective January 1, 2020, under the amended agreement with United, we no longer have financial responsibilities for a participant’s annual claim costs that exceed $1 million (“Individual Claims Limit”). Accordingly, we record the cost of the United plan, including an estimate of the incurred claims, taxes and administrative fees (collectively the “Plan Costs”), as benefits expense, which is a component of direct costs, in our Consolidated Statements of Income. The estimated incurred but not reported claims are based upon: (1) the level of claims processed during each quarter; (2) estimated completion rates based upon recent claim development


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

patterns under the plan; and (3) the number of participants in the plan, including both active and COBRA enrollees. Each reporting period, changes in the estimated ultimate costs resulting from claim trends, plan design and migration, participant demographics, and other factors are incorporated into the benefits costs, which requires a significant level of judgment.

Additionally, since the plan’s inception, under the terms of the contract, United establishes cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. If the Plan Costs for a reporting quarter are greater than the premiums paid and owed to United, a deficit in the plan would be incurred and a liability for the excess costs would be accrued in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. On the other hand, if the Plan Costs for the reporting quarter are less than the premiums paid and owed to United, a surplus in the plan would be incurred and we would record an asset for the excess premiums in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The terms of the arrangement require us to maintain an accumulated cash surplus in the plan of $9 million, which is reported as long-term prepaid health insurance. In addition, United requires a deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity, which was $7 million at June 30, 2024, and is included in deposits - health insurance as a long-term asset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2024, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $27 million. As this amount is in excess of the agreed-upon $9 million surplus maintenance level, the $18 million difference is included in prepaid insurance, a current asset, in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The premiums, including the additional quarterly premiums, owed to United at June 30, 2024 were $35 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2024 included a decrease of $26 million for changes in estimated run-off related to prior periods, net of Individual Claims Limit. Our benefits costs incurred in the first six months of 2023 included a decrease of $10 million for changes in estimated run-off related to prior periods, net of Individual Claims Limit.

Workers’ Compensation Costs

Our workers’ compensation coverage for our WSEEs in our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions has been provided through an arrangement with the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies or its predecessors (the “Chubb Program”) since 2007. The Chubb Program is fully insured in that Chubb has the responsibility to pay all claims incurred under the policy regardless of whether we satisfy our responsibilities. Under the Chubb Program, for claims incurred on or before September 30, 2019, we have financial responsibility to Chubb for the first $1 million layer of claims per occurrence and, for claims over $1 million, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $6 million per policy year for claims that exceed $1 million. Chubb bears the financial responsibility for all claims in excess of these levels. Effective for claims incurred on or after October 1, 2019, we have financial responsibility to Chubb for the first $1.5 million layer of claims per occurrence and, for claims over $1.5 million, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $6 million per policy year for claims that exceed $1.5 million.

Because we bear the financial responsibility for claims up to the levels noted above, such claims, which are the primary component of our workers’ compensation costs, are recorded in the period incurred. Workers’ compensation insurance includes ongoing health care and indemnity coverage whereby claims are paid over numerous years following the date of injury. Accordingly, the accrual of related incurred costs in each reporting period includes estimates, which take into account the ongoing development of claims and therefore requires a significant level of judgment.

We utilize a third-party actuary to estimate our loss development rate, which is primarily based upon the nature of WSEEs’ job responsibilities, the location of WSEEs, the historical frequency and severity of workers’ compensation claims, and an estimate of future cost trends. Each reporting period, changes in the actuarial assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into our workers’ compensation claims cost estimates. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we reduced accrued workers’ compensation costs by $17 million and $15 million, respectively, for changes in estimated losses related to prior periods. Workers’ compensation cost estimates are discounted to present value at a rate based upon the U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (the average discount rate utilized in the 2024 period was 4.5% and in the 2023 period was 4.0%) and are accreted over the estimated claim payment period and included as a component of direct costs in our Consolidated Statements of Income.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Beginning balance, January 1,	$	220	$	229
Accrued claims	31		31
Present value discount, net of accretion	(7)		(6)
Paid claims	(33)		(26)
Ending balance	$	211	$	228

Current portion of accrued claims	$	65	$	48
Long-term portion of accrued claims	146		180
Total accrued claims	$	211	$	228

The current portion of accrued workers’ compensation costs on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2024 and 2023 includes $2 million and $3 million, respectively, of workers’ compensation administrative fees.

The undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $244 million as of June 30, 2024 and $253 million as of June 30, 2023.

At the beginning of each policy period, the workers’ compensation insurance carrier establishes monthly funding requirements comprised of premium costs and funds to be set aside for payment of future claims (“claim funds”). The level of claim funds is primarily based upon anticipated WSEE payroll levels and expected workers’ compensation loss rates, as determined by the insurance carrier. Monies funded into the program for incurred claims expected to be paid within one year are recorded as restricted cash, a short-term asset, while the remainder of claim funds are included in deposits – workers’ compensation, a long-term asset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2024, we had restricted cash of $64 million and deposits – workers’ compensation of $170 million.

Our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid within one year is included in short-term liabilities, while our estimate of incurred claim costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenues

We enter into contracts with our customers for human resources services based on a stated rate and price in the contract. Our contracts generally establish pricing for a period of 12 months and are generally cancellable at any time by either party with 30-days’ notice. Our performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered each month. The term between invoicing and when our performance obligations are satisfied is not significant. Our payment terms typically require payment concurrently with the invoicing of our PEO services. We do not have significant financing components or significant payment terms.

Our revenue is generally recognized ratably over the payroll period as WSEEs perform their service at the client worksite in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Customers are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of its WSEEs. Revenues that have been recognized but not invoiced represent unbilled accounts receivable of $727 million and $669 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Pursuant to the “practical expedients” provided under ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, we expense sales commissions when incurred because the terms of our contracts are cancellable by either party with a 30-day notice. These costs are recorded in commissions in our Consolidated Statements of Income.


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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our revenue for our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions by geographic region and for our other products and services offerings are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Northeast	$	437	$	426	3	%	$	946	$	918	3	%
Southeast	225		221		2	%	471		460		2	%
Central	292		285		2	%	616		604		2	%
Southwest	304		308		(1)	%	644		648		(1)	%
West	329		330		—	%	695		693		—	%
	1,587		1,570		1	%	3,372		3,323		1	%
Other revenue	18		15		20	%	35		32		9	%
Total revenue	$	1,605	$	1,585	1	%	$	3,407	$	3,355	2	%

Our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions revenues are primarily derived from our gross billings, which are based on (1) the payroll cost of our WSEEs; and (2) a markup computed as a percentage of the payroll cost. The gross billings are invoiced concurrently with each periodic payroll of our WSEEs. Revenues, which exclude the payroll cost component of gross billings and therefore consist solely of the markup, are recognized ratably over the payroll period as WSEEs perform their service at the client worksite.

In determining the pricing of the markup component of our gross billings, we take into consideration our estimates of the costs directly associated with our WSEEs, including payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs, plus an acceptable gross profit margin. As a result, our operating results are significantly impacted by our ability to accurately estimate our direct costs relative to the revenues derived from the markup component of our gross billings.

Revenues are comprised of gross billings less WSEE payroll costs as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Gross billings	$	10,361	$	10,245	$	21,844	$	21,696
Less: WSEE payroll cost	8,756		8,660		18,437		18,341
Revenues	$	1,605	$	1,585	$	3,407	$	3,355


3.			Other Balance Sheet Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total

Overnight holdings	$	520	$	—	$	520	$	611	$	—	$	611
Investment holdings	158		16		174		119		16		135
	678		16		694		730		16		746
Cash in demand accounts	14		—		14		27		—		27
Outstanding checks	(16)		—		(16)		(64)		—		(64)
Total	$	676	$	16	$	692	$	693	$	16	$	709


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			14


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our cash and overnight holdings fluctuate based on the timing of clients’ payroll processing cycles. Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included $459 million and $510 million, respectively, of funds associated with federal and state income tax withholdings, employment taxes, and other payroll deductions, as well as $22 million and $28 million, respectively, in client prepayments. At June 30, 2024, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities included $97 million of funds we received in late June 2024 from the Internal Revenue Service related to employee retention tax credits claimed by our PEO clients under the COVID relief programs, that were distributed to clients in early July 2024.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Funds Held for Clients

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, funds held for clients, and deposits - workers’ compensation as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Supplemental schedule of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients
Cash and cash equivalents	$	693	$	733
Restricted cash	57		50
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	87		35
Deposits – workers’ compensation	198		196
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients beginning of period	$	1,035	$	1,014

Cash and cash equivalents	$	676	$	580
Restricted cash	64		48
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	38		34
Deposits – workers’ compensation	170		181
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients end of period	$	948	$	843

____________________________________

(1)Funds held for clients represent amounts held on behalf of our Traditional Payroll Solution customers that are restricted for the purpose of satisfying obligations to remit funds to clients’ employees and various tax authorities.

Please read Note 2. “Accounting Policies,” for a discussion of our accounting policies for deposits – workers’ compensation and restricted cash.

Payroll Taxes and Other Payroll Deductions Payable

As a co-employer, we generally assume responsibility for the withholding and remittance of federal and state payroll taxes and other payroll deductions with respect to wages and salaries paid to our WSEEs. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable were $504 million and $566 million, respectively. The balance at June 30, 2024 includes $97 million of funds we received in late June 2024 from the Internal Revenue Service related to employee retention tax credits claimed by our PEO clients under the COVID relief programs, that were distributed to clients in early July 2024.


4.			Fair Value Measurements

We account for our financial assets in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value measurement disclosures are grouped into three levels based on valuation factors:

•Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			15


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs

•Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

Fair Value of Instruments Measured and Recognized at Fair Value

The following table summarizes the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2

Money market funds	$	678	$	678	$	—	$	730	$	730	$	—
U.S. Treasury bills	16		16		—		16		16		—

	694		694		—		746		746		—
Deposits - money market funds	59		59		—		22		22		—
Total	$	753	$	753	$	—	$	768	$	768	$	—

Please read Note 3. “Other Balance Sheet Information,” for additional information.

Our valuation techniques used to measure fair value for these securities during the period consisted primarily of third-party pricing services that utilized actual market data such as trades of comparable bond issues, broker/dealer quotations for the same or similar investments in active markets and other observable inputs.

The following is a summary of our available-for-sale marketable securities:


(in millions)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value

June 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16


December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16

As of June 30, 2024, the contractual maturities of all marketable securities in our portfolio were less than one year.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

As of June 30, 2024, the carrying value of borrowings under our revolving credit facility approximates fair value and was classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Please read Note 5, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.


5.			Long-Term Debt

We have a revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) with a borrowing capacity of up to $650 million. The Facility may be further increased to $700 million based on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement relating to the Facility (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, stock repurchases and issuances of letters of credit. Our obligations under the Facility are secured by 100% of the stock of our captive insurance subsidiary and are guaranteed by all of our subsidiaries other than our captive insurance subsidiary and certain other excluded subsidiaries. At June 30, 2024, our outstanding balance on the Facility was $369 million, and we had an outstanding $1 million letter of credit issued under the Facility, resulting in an available borrowing capacity of $280 million.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			16


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Facility matures on June 30, 2027. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at an annual rate equal to an alternate base rate or Adjusted Term SOFR for term SOFR loans, in either case plus an applicable margin. Adjusted Term SOFR is a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate plus a spread adjustment, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25% depending on the interest period and type of loan. Depending on our leverage ratio, the applicable margin varies (1) in the case of SOFR loans, from 1.50% to 2.25% and (2) in the case of alternate base rate loans, from 0.00% to 0.50%. The alternate base rate is the highest of (1) the prime rate most recently published in The Wall Street Journal, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%; and (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR rate plus 2.00%. We also pay an unused commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Facility at a rate of 0.25% per year. The average interest rate for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 was 7.2%. Interest expense and unused commitment fees are recorded in other income (expense).

The Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants that we believe are customary for arrangements of this nature. Covenants include, but are not limited to, limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, sell material assets, retire, redeem or otherwise reacquire our capital stock, acquire the capital stock or assets of another business, make investments and pay dividends. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires us to comply with financial covenants limiting our total funded debt, minimum interest coverage ratio, and maximum leverage ratio. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2024.


6.			Stockholders' Equity

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased or withheld an aggregate of 383,790 shares of our common stock, as described below.

Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized a program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock (“Repurchase Program”). The purchases may be made from time to time in the open market or directly from stockholders at prevailing market prices based on market conditions and other factors. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, 203,744 shares were repurchased under the Repurchase Program. As of June 30, 2024, we were authorized to repurchase an additional 1,765,818 shares under the Repurchase Program.

Withheld Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we withheld 180,046 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations for the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock unit awards.

Dividends

The Board declared and paid quarterly dividends as follows:


(amounts per share)	2024		2023

First quarter	$	0.57	$	0.52
Second quarter	0.60		0.57

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we declared and paid dividends totaling $44 million and $42 million, respectively.


7.			Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of time-vested and performance-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”).


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			17


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes the net income and the basic and diluted shares used in the earnings per share computations:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Net income	$	18	$	12	$	97	$	107

Weighted average common shares outstanding	38		38		38		38
Incremental shares from assumed time-vested and performance-based RSU awards	—		1		—		1
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	38		39		38		39

An insignificant number of shares of time-vested and performance-based RSU awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share due to anti-dilution during each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.


8.			Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are a defendant in various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. Management believes it has valid defenses in these cases and is defending them vigorously. While the results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the final outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			18


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as well as our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Executive Summary

Overview

Insperity, Inc. (“Insperity,” “we,” “our,” and “us”) provides an array of human resources (“HR”) and business solutions designed to help improve business performance. Our most comprehensive HR services offerings are provided through our professional employer organization (“PEO”) services, known as our Workforce Optimization® and Workforce SynchronizationTM solutions (together, our “PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions”), which we provide by entering into a co-employment relationship with our clients. Our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions encompass a broad range of HR functions, including payroll and employment administration, employee benefits, workers’ compensation, government compliance, performance management, and training and development services, along with our cloud-based human capital management solution, the Insperity PremierTM platform.

2024 Highlights

Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023

•Average number of WSEEs paid per month decreased 1%

•Net income and diluted earnings per share (“diluted EPS”) increased 50% and 45% to $18 million and $0.48, respectively

•Adjusted EPS increased 34% to $0.86

•Adjusted EBITDA increased 29% to $66 million

First Six Months 2024 Compared to First Six Months 2023

•Average number of WSEEs paid per month decreased 1%

•Net income and diluted EPS decreased 9% and 8% to $97 million and $2.56, respectively

•Adjusted EPS decreased 5% to $3.13

•Adjusted EBITDA increased 2% to $208 million

Please read “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EPS to their most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			19


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of Operations

Key Financial and Statistical Data


(in millions, except per share, WSEE and statistical data)	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Financial data:
Revenues	$	1,605	$	1,585	1	%	$	3,407	$	3,355	2	%
Gross profit	260		225		16	%	605		557		9	%
Operating expenses	237		209		13	%	474		420		13	%
Operating income	23		16		44	%	131		137		(4)	%
Other income (expense), net	2		—		—	%	5		3		67	%
Net income	18		12		50	%	97		107		(9)	%
Diluted EPS	0.48		0.33		45	%	2.56		2.78		(8)	%

Non-GAAP financial measures(1):
Adjusted net income	$	33	$	25	32	%	$	119	$	128	(7)	%
Adjusted EBITDA	66		51		29	%	208		203		2	%
Adjusted EPS	0.86		0.64		34	%	3.13		3.30		(5)	%

Average WSEEs paid	306,958		311,304		(1)	%	305,431		308,998		(1)	%

Statistical data (per WSEE per month):
Revenues(2)	$	1,743	$	1,697	3	%	$	1,859	$	1,809	3	%
Gross profit	282		241		17	%	330		300		10	%
Operating expenses	257		224		15	%	259		226		15	%
Operating income	25		17		47	%	71		74		(4)	%
Net income	20		14		43	%	53		58		(9)	%

____________________________________

(1)Please read “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Revenues per WSEE per month are comprised of gross billings per WSEE per month less WSEE payroll costs per WSEE per month as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(per WSEE per month)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross billings	$	11,251	$	10,969	$	11,920	$	11,702
Less: WSEE payroll cost	9,508		9,272		10,061		9,893
Revenues	$	1,743	$	1,697	$	1,859	$	1,809


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			20


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Key Operating Metrics

We monitor certain key metrics to measure our performance, including:

•WSEEs

•Adjusted EBITDA

•Adjusted EPS

Our growth in the number of WSEEs paid is affected by three primary sources: new client sales, client retention and the net change in WSEEs paid at existing clients through new hires and employee terminations.

•During Q2 2024, average WSEEs paid decreased 1% compared to Q2 2023. The number of WSEEs paid from new client sales remained consistent with Q2 2023, while the net gain in our client base and client retention declined compared to Q2 2023.

•During the first six months of 2024 (“YTD 2024”), average WSEEs paid decreased 1% compared to the first six months of 2023 (“YTD 2023”). The number of WSEEs paid from new client sales remained consistent with YTD 2023, while the net gain in our client base and client retention declined when compared to YTD 2023.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			21


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Average WSEEs Paid and

Year-over-Year Growth Percentage


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			22


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


Adjusted EBITDA and Year-over-Year Growth Percentage (in millions)


Adjusted EPS and Year-over-Year Growth Percentage (amounts per share)


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			23


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues

Our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions revenues are primarily derived from our gross billings, which are based on (1) the payroll cost of our WSEEs and (2) a monthly markup component.

Our revenues are primarily dependent on the number of clients enrolled, the resulting number of WSEEs paid each period and the number of WSEEs enrolled in our benefit plans. Because our monthly markup is computed in part as a percentage of payroll cost, certain revenues are also affected by the payroll cost of WSEEs, which may fluctuate based on the composition of the WSEE base, inflationary effects on wage levels and differences in the local economies of our markets.

Revenue and

Year-over-Year Growth Percentage

(in millions)

Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023

Our revenues for Q2 2024 were $1.6 billion, an increase of 1%, primarily due to the following:

•Revenues per WSEE per month increased 3%, or $46, partially offset by a 1% decrease in average WSEEs paid.

First Six Months 2024 Compared to First Six Months 2023

Our revenues for YTD 2024 were $3.4 billion, an increase of 2%, primarily due to the following:

•Revenues per WSEE per month increased 3%, or $50, partially offset by a 1% decrease in average WSEEs paid.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			24


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We provide our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions to small and medium-sized businesses throughout the United States. Our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions revenue distribution by region follows:

PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions Revenue by Region

(in millions)

________________________________________________________

(1)The Southwest region includes Texas.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			25


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The percentage of total PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions revenue in our significant markets includes the following:

Significant Markets

The middle market sector, which we generally define as those companies with approximately 150 to 5,000 WSEEs, includes smaller clients whose number of WSEEs has grown to approximately 150 or more WSEEs. Currently, we have a dedicated sales management, service personnel, and consulting staff who concentrate solely on the middle market sector. Our average number of WSEEs per month in our middle market sector decreased 4% during YTD 2024 compared to YTD 2023, representing approximately 25% and 26% of our total average paid WSEEs during YTD 2024 and YTD 2023, respectively.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit per WSEE is primarily determined by our ability to accurately estimate direct costs and our ability to incorporate changes in these costs into the gross billings charged to PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions clients, which are subject to pricing arrangements that are typically renewed annually. We use gross profit per WSEE per month as our principal measurement of relative performance at the gross profit level.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			26


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


Gross Profit and Year-over-Year Growth Percentage (in millions)


Gross Profit per WSEE per Month and Year-over-Year Growth Percentage

Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023

Gross profit for Q2 2024 increased 16% to $260 million compared to $225 million in Q2 2023. Gross profit per WSEE per month for Q2 2024 increased $41 to $282 compared to $241 in Q2 2023 due primarily to higher average pricing and lower direct costs, as discussed below.

Our pricing objectives attempt to achieve a level of revenue per WSEE that matches or exceeds changes in primary direct costs and operating expenses. Our revenues per WSEE per month increased $46 due to higher average pricing of 3%.

The net decrease in direct costs between Q2 2024 and Q2 2023 attributable to the changes in cost estimates for benefits and workers’ compensation totaled $25 million as discussed below. The $5 per WSEE per month increase in direct costs


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			27


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

is due primarily to the direct cost component changes as follows:

Benefits costs

•The cost of group health insurance and related employee benefits decreased $18 per WSEE per month and decreased 0.4% on a cost per covered employee basis in Q2 2024 as compared to Q2 2023. We did not experience the number and severity of large claims in Q2 2024 as compared to Q2 2023.

•The percentage of WSEEs covered under our health insurance plans was 64% in Q2 2024 compared to 65% in Q2 2023.

•Reported results include changes in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods, which was a reduction in costs of $25 million, or $27 per WSEE per month, in Q2 2024 compared to an increase in costs of $1 million, or $1 per WSEE per month, in Q2 2023.

Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Health Insurance Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for health insurance costs.

Workers’ compensation costs

Our continued discipline around our client selection, workplace safety and claims management contributed to the small increase in our cost per WSEE and, as a result, has allowed for claims within our policy periods to be closed out at amounts below our original cost estimates.

•Workers’ compensation costs increased $1 per WSEE per month in Q2 2024 compared to Q2 2023 while non-bonus payroll costs increased 1%.

•As a percentage of non-bonus payroll cost, workers’ compensation costs were 0.23% in both Q2 2024 and Q2 2023.

•We recorded a reduction in workers’ compensation costs of $7 million, or 0.09% of non-bonus payroll costs in Q2 2024, as a result of closing out claims at lower than expected costs. In Q2 2023, we recorded a reduction of $8 million, or 0.10% of non-bonus payroll costs.

Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Workers’ Compensation Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for workers’ compensation costs.

Payroll tax costs

•Payroll taxes increased 2%, or $20 per WSEE per month, while payroll costs remained flat.

•Payroll taxes as a percentage of payroll costs were 7% in both Q2 2024 and Q2 2023.

First Six Months 2024 Compared to First Six Months 2023

Gross profit for YTD 2024 increased 9% to $605 million compared to $557 million in YTD 2023. Gross profit per WSEE per month for YTD 2024 increased $30 to $330 compared to $300 in YTD 2023 due primarily to higher average pricing, offset in part by higher direct costs, as discussed below.

The net decrease in direct costs between YTD 2024 and YTD 2023 attributable to the changes in cost estimates for benefits and workers’ compensation totaled $18 million as discussed below. The $20 per WSEE per month increase in direct costs is due primarily to the direct cost component changes as follows:

Benefits costs

•The cost of group health insurance and related employee benefits increased $1 per WSEE per month, or 1.9% on a cost per covered employee basis. We did not experience the number and severity of large claims in YTD 2024 as compared to YTD 2023.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			28


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

•The percentage of WSEEs covered under our health insurance plans was 64% in YTD 2024 compared to 65% in YTD 2023.

•Reported results include changes in estimated claims run-off related to prior periods, which was a decrease in costs of $26 million, or $14 per WSEE per month, in YTD 2024 compared to a decrease in costs of $10 million, or $5 per WSEE per month, in YTD 2023.

Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Health Insurance Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for health insurance costs.

Workers’ compensation costs

Our continued discipline around our client selection, workplace safety and claims management has allowed for claims within our policy periods to be closed out at amounts below our original cost estimates.

•Workers’ compensation costs decreased 5%, or $1 per WSEE per month, in YTD 2024 compared to YTD 2023.

•As a percentage of non-bonus payroll cost, workers’ compensation costs were 0.23% in YTD 2024 and 0.24% in YTD 2023.

•We recorded a reduction in workers’ compensation costs of $17 million, or 0.11% of non-bonus payroll costs, in YTD 2024 compared to a reduction of $15 million, or 0.10% of non-bonus payroll costs, in YTD 2023, primarily as a result of closing out claims at lower than expected costs.

Please read Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Accounting Policies – Workers' Compensation Costs,” for a discussion of our accounting for health insurance costs.

Payroll tax costs

•Payroll taxes increased 2% on a 1% increase in payroll costs, or $19 per WSEE per month.

•Payroll taxes as a percentage of payroll costs was 7% in both YTD 2024 and YTD 2023.

Operating Expenses

•Salaries, wages and payroll taxes — Salaries, wages and payroll taxes (“Salaries”) are primarily a function of the number of corporate employees, their associated average pay and any additional cash incentive compensation.

•Stock-based compensation — Our stock-based compensation relates to the recognition of non-cash compensation expense over the requisite service period of time-vested and performance-based awards.

•Commissions — Commissions expense consists primarily of amounts paid to sales managers and other sales personnel, including business performance advisors (“BPAs”), as well as channel referral fees. Commissions are based on new accounts sold and a percentage of revenue generated by such personnel.

•Advertising — Advertising expense primarily consists of media advertising and other business promotions in our current and anticipated sales markets.

•General and administrative expenses — Our general and administrative expenses primarily include:

◦rent expenses related to our service centers and sales offices

◦outside professional service fees related to legal, consulting and accounting services

◦administrative costs, such as postage, printing and supplies

◦employee travel and training expenses

◦facility costs, including repairs and maintenance


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			29


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

◦technology costs, including software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) subscription costs, amortization of SaaS implementation costs and costs related to our strategic partnership with Workday, Inc.

•Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization expense is primarily a function of our capital investments in corporate facilities, service centers, sales offices, software development, and technology infrastructure.

Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023

The following table presents certain information related to our operating expenses:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
							per WSEE
(in millions, except per WSEE)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Salaries	$	126	$	110	15	%	$	137	$	119	15	%
Stock-based compensation	20		15		33	%	22		16		38	%
Commissions	11		12		(8)	%	12		13		(8)	%
Advertising	12		17		(29)	%	13		18		(28)	%

General and administrative:
Amortization of SaaS implementation costs	3		2		50	%	3		1		200	%
Workday SaaS licensing and implementation expense	8		—		—		9		—		—
All other general and administrative	46		42		10	%	49		45		9	%
Total general and administrative	57		44		30	%	61		46		33	%

Depreciation and amortization	11		11		—	%	12		12		—
Total operating expenses	$	237	$	209	13	%	$	257	$	224	15	%

Operating expenses for Q2 2024 increased 13% to $237 million compared to $209 million in Q2 2023. Operating expenses per WSEE per month for Q2 2024 increased 15% to $257 compared to $224 in Q2 2023.

•Salaries of corporate and sales staff for Q2 2024 increased 15% to $126 million, or $18 per WSEE per month, compared to Q2 2023. The increase was primarily due to a 6% increase in BPA, service and support headcount in Q2 2024 compared to Q2 2023 and higher incentive compensation accruals in Q2 2024.

•Stock-based compensation expense for Q2 2024 increased 33% to $20 million, or $6 per WSEE per month, compared to Q2 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of stock awards anticipated to be earned related to performance-based awards granted under our long-term incentive plans based on our higher than expected operating results in Q2 2024 and time-vested restricted stock unit awards issued under our incentive plan.

•Advertising expense for Q2 2024 decreased 29% to $12 million, or $5 per WSEE per month, compared to Q2 2023 due to a change in timing of advertising spend.

•General and administrative expenses for Q2 2024 increased 30% to $57 million, or $15 per WSEE per month, compared to Q2 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased software licensing, maintenance costs, SaaS implementation expense, and professional services fees.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			30


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

First Six Months 2024 Compared to First Six Months 2023

The following table presents certain information related to our operating expenses:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
							per WSEE
(in millions, except per WSEE)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Salaries	$	266	$	235	13	%	$	145	$	127	14	%
Stock-based compensation	30		26		15	%	16		14		14	%
Commissions	23		23		—		13		12		8	%
Advertising	19		23		(17)	%	10		12		(17)	%
General and administrative:
Amortization of SaaS implementation costs	6		3		100	%	3		1		200	%
Workday SaaS licensing and implementation expense	12		—		—		7		—		—
All other general and administrative	96		89		8	%	53		49		8	%
Total general and administrative	114		92		24	%	63		50		26	%
Depreciation and amortization	22		21		5	%	12		11		9	%
Total operating expenses	474		420		13	%	$	259	$	226	15	%

Operating expenses for YTD 2024 increased 13% to $474 million compared to $420 million in YTD 2023. Operating expenses per WSEE per month for YTD 2024 increased 15% to $259 compared to $226 in YTD 2023.

•Salaries of corporate and sales staff for YTD 2024 increased 13% to $266 million, or $18 per WSEE per month, compared to YTD 2023. The increase was primarily due to a 6% increase in BPA, service and support headcount and staff compensation levels, and higher incentive compensation expense in YTD 2024 compared to YTD 2023.

•Stock-based compensation expense for YTD 2024 increased 15% to $30 million, or $2 per WSEE per month, compared to YTD 2023. The increase was primarily due to time-vested restricted stock unit awards issued under our incentive plan.

•Advertising expense for YTD 2024 decreased 17% to $19 million, or $2 per WSEE per month, compared to YTD 2023 due to a change in timing of advertising spend.

•General and administrative expenses for YTD 2024 increased 24% to $114 million, or $13 per WSEE per month, compared to YTD 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased professional services fees, software licensing and maintenance costs and amortization of SaaS implementation costs.

•Depreciation and amortization expense for YTD 2024 increased 5% to $22 million, or $1 per WSEE per month, compared to YTD 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased capital expenditures related to computer hardware and software and software development costs.

Income Tax Expense


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023

Effective income tax rate	28%	25%	29%	24%

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, our provision for income taxes differed from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes, non-deductible expenses and vesting of restricted and long-term incentive stock awards. During the first six months of 2024 we did not recognize an income tax benefit as compared to an income tax benefit of $5 million for the first six months of 2023, related to the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock awards.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			31


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as provided in the tables below.


Non-GAAP Measure	Definition	Benefit of Non-GAAP Measure
Non-bonus payroll cost	Non-bonus payroll cost is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes the impact of bonus payrolls paid to our WSEEs. Bonus payroll cost varies from period to period, but has no direct impact to our ultimate workers’ compensation costs under the current program.	Our management refers to non-bonus payroll cost in analyzing, reporting and forecasting our workers’ compensation costs. We include these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they are useful to investors in allowing for greater transparency related to the costs incurred under our current workers’ compensation program.
Adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	Excludes funds associated with: • federal and state income tax withholdings, • employment taxes, • other payroll deductions, and • client prepayments.	We believe that the exclusion of the identified items helps us reflect the fundamentals of our underlying business model and analyze results against our expectations, against prior periods, and to plan for future periods by focusing on our underlying operations. We believe that the adjusted results provide relevant and useful information for investors because they allow investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by management and improves their ability to understand and assess our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is used by our lenders to assess our leverage and ability to make interest payments.



EBITDA	Represents net income computed in accordance with GAAP, plus: • interest expense, • income tax expense, • depreciation and amortization expense, and • amortization of SaaS implementation costs.

Adjusted EBITDA	Represents EBITDA plus: • non-cash stock-based compensation.

Adjusted net income	Represents net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: • non-cash stock-based compensation.

Adjusted EPS	Represents diluted net income per share computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding: • non-cash stock-based compensation.

Following is a reconciliation of payroll cost (GAAP) to non-bonus payroll costs (non-GAAP):


(in millions, except per WSEE per month)	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024						2023						2024						2023
				Per WSEE						Per WSEE						Per WSEE						Per WSEE

Payroll cost	$	8,756		$	9,508		$	8,660		$	9,272		$	18,437		$	10,061		$	18,341		$	9,893
Less: Bonus payroll cost	845			917			814			871			2,707			1,478			2,815			1,519
Non-bonus payroll cost	$	7,911		$	8,591		$	7,846		$	8,401		$	15,730		$	8,583		$	15,526		$	8,374
% Change period over period	1		%	2		%	10		%	3		%	1		%	2		%	12		%	3		%


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			32


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Following is a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (GAAP) to adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (non-GAAP):


(in millions)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	692	$	709
Less:
Amounts payable for withheld federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions	459		510
Client prepayments	22		28
Adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	211	$	171

Following is a reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to EBITDA (non-GAAP) and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP):


	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except per WSEE per month)	2024						2023						2024						2023
				Per WSEE						Per WSEE						Per WSEE						Per WSEE

Net income	$	18		$	20		$	12		$	14		$	97		$	53		$	107		$	58
Income tax expense	7			7			4			4			39			22			33			19
Interest expense	7			8			7			7			14			8			13			7
Amortization of SaaS implementation costs	3			3			2			1			6			3			3			1
Depreciation and amortization	11			12			11			12			22			12			21			11
EBITDA	46			50			36			38			178			98			177			96
Stock-based compensation	20			22			15			16			30			16			26			14
Adjusted EBITDA	$	66		$	72		$	51		$	54		$	208		$	114		$	203		$	110
% Change period over period	29		%	33		%	(32)		%	(37)		%	2		%	4		%	5		%	(3)		%

Following is a reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to adjusted net income (non-GAAP):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023

Net income	$	18		$	12		$	97		$	107
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation	20			15			30			26
Tax effect	(5)			(2)			(8)			(5)
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net	15			13			22			21
Adjusted net income	$	33		$	25		$	119		$	128
% Change period over period	32		%	(45)		%	(7)		%	5		%


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			33


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Following is a reconciliation of diluted EPS (GAAP) to adjusted EPS (non-GAAP):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(amounts per share)	2024			2023			2024			2023

Diluted EPS	$	0.48		$	0.33		$	2.56		$	2.78
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Stock-based compensation	0.53			0.40			0.80			0.69
Tax effect	(0.15)			(0.09)			(0.23)			(0.17)
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net	0.38			0.31			0.57			0.52
Adjusted EPS	$	0.86		$	0.64		$	3.13		$	3.30
% Change period over period	34		%	(45)		%	(5)		%	5		%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We periodically evaluate our liquidity requirements, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our expansion plans, stock repurchases, potential acquisitions, debt service requirements and other operating cash needs. To meet short-term liquidity requirements, which are primarily the payment of direct costs and operating expenses, we rely primarily on cash from operations. Longer-term projects, large stock repurchases or significant acquisitions may be financed with public or private debt or equity. We have a revolving credit facility (“Facility”) with a syndicate of financial institutions with a current borrowing capacity of $650 million. The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and stock repurchases. We have in the past sought, and may in the future seek, to raise additional capital or take other steps to increase or manage our liquidity and capital resources.

We had $692 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at June 30, 2024, of which approximately $459 million was payable in early July 2024 for withheld federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions, approximately $22 million represented client prepayments that were payable in July 2024, and includes $97 million of funds we received in late June 2024 from the Internal Revenue Service related to employee retention tax credits claimed by our PEO clients under the COVID relief programs that were distributed to clients in early July 2024. At June 30, 2024, we had working capital of $238 million compared to $159 million at December 31, 2023. We currently believe that our cash on hand, marketable securities, cash flows from operations, and availability under the Facility will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for the remainder of 2024. We intend to rely on these same sources, as well as public and private debt or equity financing, to meet our longer-term liquidity and capital needs.

As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding letters of credit and borrowings totaling $370 million under the Facility. Please read Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities in the first six months of 2024 was $51 million. Our primary source of cash from operations is the comprehensive service fee and payroll funding we collect from our clients. Our cash and cash equivalents, and thus our reported cash flows from operating activities, are significantly impacted by various external and internal factors, which are reflected in part by the changes in our balance sheet accounts. These include the following:

•Timing of client payments / payroll taxes — We typically collect our comprehensive service fee, along with the client’s payroll funding, from clients no later than the same day as the payment of WSEE payrolls and associated payroll taxes. Therefore, the last business day of a reporting period has a substantial impact on our reporting of operating cash flows. For example, many WSEEs are paid on Fridays; therefore, operating cash flows decrease in the reporting periods that end on a Friday or a Monday. In the six months ended June 30, 2024, the last business day of the reporting period was a Friday, client prepayments were $22 million and employment taxes and other deductions were $459 million, which includes $97 million of funds we received in late June 2024 from the Internal Revenue Service related to employee retention tax credits claimed by our PEO clients under the COVID relief programs that were distributed to clients in early July 2024. In the six months ended June 30, 2023, the last business day of the


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			34


MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

reporting period was also a Friday, client prepayments were $31 million and employment taxes and other deductions were $366 million.

•Workers’ compensation plan funding — During YTD 2024, we received $38 million for the return of excess claim funds related to the workers’ compensation program, which resulted in an increase in working capital.

•Medical plan funding — Our health care contract with United establishes participant cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. Therefore, changes in the participation level of the United plan have a direct impact on our operating cash flows. In addition, changes to the funding rates, which are solely determined by United based primarily upon recent claim history and anticipated cost trends, also have a significant impact on our operating cash flows. As of June 30, 2024, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $27 million, which is $18 million in excess of our agreed-upon $9 million surplus maintenance level. The $18 million difference is therefore reflected as a current asset and $9 million is reflected as a long-term asset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2024. In addition, the premiums owed to United at June 30, 2024, were $35 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

•Operating results — Our adjusted net income has a significant impact on our operating cash flows. Our adjusted net income decreased 7% to $119 million in the first six months of 2024, compared to $128 million in the first six months of 2023. Please read “Results of Operations – Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023.”

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to property and equipment purchases of $11 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash flows used in financing activities were $127 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. We paid $44 million in dividends and repurchased or withheld $37 million in stock. In addition, client funds liability and other financing activities decreased by $46 million.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			35


QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK AND CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are primarily exposed to market risks from fluctuations in interest rates and the effects of those fluctuations on the market values of our cash equivalent short-term investments, our available-for-sale marketable securities and our borrowings under our Facility, which bears interest at a variable market rate. As of June 30, 2024, we had outstanding letters of credit and borrowings totaling $370 million under the Facility. Please read Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

The cash equivalent short-term investments consist primarily of overnight investments, which are not significantly exposed to interest rate risk, except to the extent that changes in interest rates will ultimately affect the amount of interest income earned on these investments. Our available-for-sale marketable securities are subject to interest rate risk because these securities generally include a fixed interest rate. As a result, the market values of these securities are affected by changes in prevailing interest rates.

We attempt to limit our exposure to interest rate risk primarily through diversification and low investment turnover. Our investment policy is designed to maximize after-tax interest income while preserving our principal investment. As a result, our marketable securities consist of primarily short-term U.S. Government Securities.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2024.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			36


OTHER INFORMATION

PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please read Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in our risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information about purchases by Insperity during the three months ended June 30, 2024 of equity securities that are registered by Insperity pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)(2)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Announced Program(2)	Maximum Number of Shares Available for Purchase under Announced Program(2)
04/01/2024 — 04/30/2024	602	$	106.84	—	1,915,818
05/01/2024 — 05/31/2024	297	102.99		—	1,915,818
06/01/2024 — 06/30/2024	150,000	93.78		150,000	1,765,818
Total	150,899	$	93.85	150,000

____________________________________

(1)During the three months ended June 30, 2024, 899 shares of stock were withheld to satisfy tax-withholding obligations arising in conjunction with the vesting of restricted stock units. The required withholding is calculated using the closing sales price reported by the New York Stock Exchange on the date prior to the applicable vesting date. These shares are not subject to the repurchase program.

(2)Our Board of Directors has approved a program to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock, which was originally announced on January 28, 1999. From time to time, our Board of Directors has increased the number of shares authorized to be repurchased under the program. On August 1, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized an increase of 2,000,000 shares that may be repurchased under the program. As of June 30, 2024, we were authorized to repurchase an additional 1,765,818 shares under the program. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of our Board of Directors, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Plans

During the second quarter of 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			37


OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No		Exhibit

10.1		Sixth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 26, 2024. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q filed on May 1, 2024)

31.1	*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	**	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	*	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	*	Inline XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document).


			____________________________________


			*			Filed with this report.

			**			Furnished with this report.


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			38

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	INSPERITY, INC.

Date: August 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Douglas S. Sharp
		Douglas S. Sharp
		Executive Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)


Insperity \| 2024 Second Quarter Form 10-Q			39

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Paul J. Sarvadi, certify that:


1.			I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Insperity, Inc.;


2.			Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.			Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and


5.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 6, 2024


			/s/ Paul J. Sarvadi
			Paul J. Sarvadi
			Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Douglas S. Sharp, certify that:


1.			I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Insperity, Inc.;


2.			Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.			Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


5.			The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 6, 2024


			/s/ Douglas S. Sharp
			Douglas S. Sharp
			Executive Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Insperity, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2024, (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Paul J. Sarvadi, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Paul J. Sarvadi
Paul J. Sarvadi
Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer
August 6, 2024

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Insperity, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2024, (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Douglas S. Sharp, Executive Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


/s/ Douglas S. Sharp
Douglas S. Sharp
Executive Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
August 6, 2024

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Jul. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-13998
Entity Registrant Name	Insperity, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	76-0479645
Entity Address, Address Line One	19001 Crescent Springs Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Kingwood,
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77339
City Area Code	281
Local Phone Number	358-8986
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		37,538,464
Entity Central Index Key	0001000753
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	Insperity, Inc.
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Common Stock [Member]
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Trading Symbol	NSP
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 676	$ 693
Restricted cash	64	57
Marketable securities	16	16
Accounts receivable, net	740	694
Prepaid insurance and related assets	34	7
Funds held for clients and other current assets	91	128
Total current assets	1,621	1,595
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	186	197
Right-of-use (“ROU”) leased assets	55	57
Prepaid health insurance	9	9
Deposits – health insurance	8	8
Deposits workers compensation	170	198
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	13	13
Deferred income taxes, net	15	20
Other assets	18	23
Total assets	2,095	2,120
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	7	11
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	504	566
Accrued worksite employee payroll cost	627	559
Accrued health insurance costs	42	46
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	67	60
Accrued corporate payroll and commissions	59	64
Income taxes payable	5	3
Client funds liability and other accrued liabilities	72	127
Total current liabilities	1,383	1,436
Noncurrent liabilities:
Accrued workers’ compensation costs, net of current	146	163
Long-term debt	369	369
Operating lease liabilities, net of current	55	58
Total noncurrent liabilities	570	590
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	191	185
Treasury stock, at cost	(838)	(831)
Retained earnings	788	739
Total stockholders’ equity	142	94
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 2,095	$ 2,120

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 1,605	$ 1,585	$ 3,407	$ 3,355
Payroll taxes, benefits and workers’ compensation costs	1,345	1,360	2,802	2,798
Gross profit	260	225	605	557
Salaries, wages and payroll taxes	126	110	266	235
Stock-based compensation	20	15	30	26
Commissions	11	12	23	23
Advertising	12	17	19	23
General and administrative expenses	57	44	114	92
Depreciation and amortization	11	11	22	21
Total operating expenses	237	209	474	420
Operating income	23	16	131	137
Other income (expense):
Interest income	9	7	19	16
Interest expense	(7)	(7)	(14)	(13)
Income before income tax expense	25	16	136	140
Income tax expense	7	4	39	33
Net income	$ 18	$ 12	$ 97	$ 107
Basic net income per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.48	$ 0.34	$ 2.58	$ 2.82
Diluted net income per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.48	$ 0.33	$ 2.56	$ 2.78

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]
Net income	$ 97	$ 107
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	22	21
Stock-based compensation	30	26
Deferred income taxes	5	5
Adjustments, Noncash Items, to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	(46)	18
Prepaid insurance and related assets	(27)	(11)
Other current assets	(11)	0
Other assets and ROU assets	11	1
Accounts payable	(4)	(1)
Payroll taxes and other payroll deductions payable	(62)	(154)
Accrued worksite employee payroll costs	68	11
Accrued health insurance costs	(4)	(19)
Accrued workers’ compensation costs	(10)	(2)
Accrued corporate payroll, commissions and other accrued liabilities	(20)	(53)
Income taxes payable/receivable	2	(19)
Total adjustments	(46)	(177)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	51	(70)
Marketable securities:
Purchases	(12)	(32)
Proceeds from maturities	12	22
Proceeds from dispositions	0	8
Proceeds from Sale of Property, Plant, and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and equipment purchases	(11)	(14)
Net cash used in investing activities	(11)	(16)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock	(37)	(45)
Dividends paid	(44)	(42)
Client funds liability and other	(46)	2
Net cash used in financing activities	(127)	(85)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients	(87)	(171)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients beginning of period	1,035	1,014
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients end of period	948	843
Supplemental cash flow information:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$ 7	$ 5

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock, Common	Retained Earnings [Member]
Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	55
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 81	$ 1	$ 151	$ (726)	$ 655
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method	(45)	0	0	(45)	0
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture	0	0	(21)	25	(4)
APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	26	0	26	0	0
Stockholders' Equity, Other	4	0	2	1	(1)
Dividends, Common Stock, Cash	(42)	0	0	0	(42)
Net income	107	0	0	0	107
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 131	1	158	(745)	717
Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	55
Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	55
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 133	1	142	(735)	725
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method	(10)	0	0	(10)	0
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture	0	0	0	(1)	1
APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	15	0	15	0	0
Stockholders' Equity, Other	3	0	1	1	(1)
Dividends, Common Stock, Cash	(22)	0	0	0	(22)
Net income	12	0	0	0	12
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 131	1	158	(745)	717
Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	55
Balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	55
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 94	1	185	(831)	739
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method	(37)	0	0	(37)	0
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture	0	0	(24)	28	(4)
APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	30	0	29	1	0
Stockholders' Equity, Other	2	0	1	1	0
Dividends, Common Stock, Cash	(44)	0	0	0	(44)
Net income	97	0	0	0	97
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 142	1	191	(838)	788
Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	55
Balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	55
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 140	1	172	(826)	793
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method	(14)	0	0	(14)	0
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, before Forfeiture	0	0	0	0	0
APIC, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition	20	0	19	1	0
Stockholders' Equity, Other	1	0	0	1	0
Dividends, Common Stock, Cash	(23)	0	0	0	(23)
Net income	18	0	0	0	18
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 142	$ 1	$ 191	$ (838)	$ 788
Balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	55

Basis of Presentation (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation


1.			Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Insperity, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for a full year or of future operations.

Accounting Policies (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Policies


2.			Accounting Policies

Health Insurance Costs

Workers’ Compensation Costs

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Beginning balance, January 1,	$	220	$	229
Accrued claims	31		31
Present value discount, net of accretion	(7)		(6)
Paid claims	(33)		(26)
Ending balance	$	211	$	228

Current portion of accrued claims	$	65	$	48
Long-term portion of accrued claims	146		180
Total accrued claims	$	211	$	228

The undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $244 million as of June 30, 2024 and $253 million as of June 30, 2023.

Revenues

Our revenue for our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions by geographic region and for our other products and services offerings are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Northeast	$	437	$	426	3	%	$	946	$	918	3	%
Southeast	225		221		2	%	471		460		2	%
Central	292		285		2	%	616		604		2	%
Southwest	304		308		(1)	%	644		648		(1)	%
West	329		330		—	%	695		693		—	%
	1,587		1,570		1	%	3,372		3,323		1	%
Other revenue	18		15		20	%	35		32		9	%
Total revenue	$	1,605	$	1,585	1	%	$	3,407	$	3,355	2	%

Revenues are comprised of gross billings less WSEE payroll costs as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Gross billings	$	10,361	$	10,245	$	21,844	$	21,696
Less: WSEE payroll cost	8,756		8,660		18,437		18,341
Revenues	$	1,605	$	1,585	$	3,407	$	3,355

Other Balance Sheet Information (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

OtherBalanceSheetDisclosuresAbstract [Abstract]

Other Balance Sheet Disclosures [Text Block]


3.			Other Balance Sheet Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total

Overnight holdings	$	520	$	—	$	520	$	611	$	—	$	611
Investment holdings	158		16		174		119		16		135
	678		16		694		730		16		746
Cash in demand accounts	14		—		14		27		—		27
Outstanding checks	(16)		—		(16)		(64)		—		(64)
Total	$	676	$	16	$	692	$	693	$	16	$	709

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Funds Held for Clients

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, funds held for clients, and deposits - workers’ compensation as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Supplemental schedule of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients
Cash and cash equivalents	$	693	$	733
Restricted cash	57		50
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	87		35
Deposits – workers’ compensation	198		196
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients beginning of period	$	1,035	$	1,014

Cash and cash equivalents	$	676	$	580
Restricted cash	64		48
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	38		34
Deposits – workers’ compensation	170		181
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients end of period	$	948	$	843

____________________________________

Please read Note 2. “Accounting Policies,” for a discussion of our accounting policies for deposits – workers’ compensation and restricted cash.

Payroll Taxes and Other Payroll Deductions Payable

Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]


4.			Fair Value Measurements

•Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets

•Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs

•Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs

Fair Value of Instruments Measured and Recognized at Fair Value

The following table summarizes the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2

Money market funds	$	678	$	678	$	—	$	730	$	730	$	—
U.S. Treasury bills	16		16		—		16		16		—

	694		694		—		746		746		—
Deposits - money market funds	59		59		—		22		22		—
Total	$	753	$	753	$	—	$	768	$	768	$	—

Please read Note 3. “Other Balance Sheet Information,” for additional information.

The following is a summary of our available-for-sale marketable securities:


(in millions)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value

June 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16


December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16

As of June 30, 2024, the contractual maturities of all marketable securities in our portfolio were less than one year.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

Long-term Debt (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Credit Facility


5.			Long-Term Debt

Stockholders' Equity (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders Equity


6.			Stockholders' Equity

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we repurchased or withheld an aggregate of 383,790 shares of our common stock, as described below.

Repurchase Program

Withheld Shares

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we withheld 180,046 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations for the vesting of long-term incentive and restricted stock unit awards.

Dividends

The Board declared and paid quarterly dividends as follows:


(amounts per share)	2024		2023

First quarter	$	0.57	$	0.52
Second quarter	0.60		0.57

During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we declared and paid dividends totaling $44 million and $42 million, respectively.

Earnings Per Share (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income per Share


7.			Earnings Per Share

The following table summarizes the net income and the basic and diluted shares used in the earnings per share computations:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Net income	$	18	$	12	$	97	$	107

Weighted average common shares outstanding	38		38		38		38
Incremental shares from assumed time-vested and performance-based RSU awards	—		1		—		1
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	38		39		38		39

Commitments and Contingencies (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies


8.			Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Health Insurance Costs

Workers' Compensation Costs

Workers’ Compensation Costs

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Beginning balance, January 1,	$	220	$	229
Accrued claims	31		31
Present value discount, net of accretion	(7)		(6)
Paid claims	(33)		(26)
Ending balance	$	211	$	228

Current portion of accrued claims	$	65	$	48
Long-term portion of accrued claims	146		180
Total accrued claims	$	211	$	228

The undiscounted accrued workers’ compensation costs were $244 million as of June 30, 2024 and $253 million as of June 30, 2023.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues

Our revenue for our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions by geographic region and for our other products and services offerings are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Northeast	$	437	$	426	3	%	$	946	$	918	3	%
Southeast	225		221		2	%	471		460		2	%
Central	292		285		2	%	616		604		2	%
Southwest	304		308		(1)	%	644		648		(1)	%
West	329		330		—	%	695		693		—	%
	1,587		1,570		1	%	3,372		3,323		1	%
Other revenue	18		15		20	%	35		32		9	%
Total revenue	$	1,605	$	1,585	1	%	$	3,407	$	3,355	2	%

Fair Value Measurements Fair Vlue Measurements (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]	We account for our financial assets in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value measurement disclosures are grouped into three levels based on valuation factors: •Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets using identical assets •Level 2 - significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs •Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs
Fair Value Measurement, Policy	Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, deposits and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. As of June 30, 2024, the carrying value of borrowings under our revolving credit facility approximates fair value and was classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Please read Note 5, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers' compensation claims

The following table provides the activity and balances related to incurred but not paid workers’ compensation claims:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Beginning balance, January 1,	$	220	$	229
Accrued claims	31		31
Present value discount, net of accretion	(7)		(6)
Paid claims	(33)		(26)
Ending balance	$	211	$	228

Current portion of accrued claims	$	65	$	48
Long-term portion of accrued claims	146		180
Total accrued claims	$	211	$	228

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

Our revenue for our PEO HR Outsourcing Solutions by geographic region and for our other products and services offerings are as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		% Change		2024		2023		% Change

Northeast	$	437	$	426	3	%	$	946	$	918	3	%
Southeast	225		221		2	%	471		460		2	%
Central	292		285		2	%	616		604		2	%
Southwest	304		308		(1)	%	644		648		(1)	%
West	329		330		—	%	695		693		—	%
	1,587		1,570		1	%	3,372		3,323		1	%
Other revenue	18		15		20	%	35		32		9	%
Total revenue	$	1,605	$	1,585	1	%	$	3,407	$	3,355	2	%

Revenues Comprise of Gross Billings and WSEE Payroll Cost [Table]

Revenues are comprised of gross billings less WSEE payroll costs as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Gross billings	$	10,361	$	10,245	$	21,844	$	21,696
Less: WSEE payroll cost	8,756		8,660		18,437		18,341
Revenues	$	1,605	$	1,585	$	3,407	$	3,355

Other Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

OtherBalanceSheetDisclosuresAbstract [Abstract]

Summary of investments in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

The following table summarizes our cash and investments in cash equivalents and marketable securities held by investment managers and overnight investments:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total		Cash & Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities		Total

Overnight holdings	$	520	$	—	$	520	$	611	$	—	$	611
Investment holdings	158		16		174		119		16		135
	678		16		694		730		16		746
Cash in demand accounts	14		—		14		27		—		27
Outstanding checks	(16)		—		(16)		(64)		—		(64)
Total	$	676	$	16	$	692	$	693	$	16	$	709

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Funds Held for Clients

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, funds held for clients, and deposits - workers’ compensation as reported in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Supplemental schedule of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients
Cash and cash equivalents	$	693	$	733
Restricted cash	57		50
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	87		35
Deposits – workers’ compensation	198		196
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients beginning of period	$	1,035	$	1,014

Cash and cash equivalents	$	676	$	580
Restricted cash	64		48
Other current assets – funds held for clients(1)	38		34
Deposits – workers’ compensation	170		181
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and funds held for clients end of period	$	948	$	843

____________________________________

Please read Note 2. “Accounting Policies,” for a discussion of our accounting policies for deposits – workers’ compensation and restricted cash.

Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the levels of fair value measurements of our financial assets:


	June 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2

Money market funds	$	678	$	678	$	—	$	730	$	730	$	—
U.S. Treasury bills	16		16		—		16		16		—

	694		694		—		746		746		—
Deposits - money market funds	59		59		—		22		22		—
Total	$	753	$	753	$	—	$	768	$	768	$	—

Debt Securities, Available-for-sale

The following is a summary of our available-for-sale marketable securities:


(in millions)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value

June 30, 2024
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16


December 31, 2023
U.S. Treasury bills	$	16	$	—	$	—	$	16

Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Equity, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]

Quarterly dividends declared [Table Text Block]

The Board declared and paid quarterly dividends as follows:


(amounts per share)	2024		2023

First quarter	$	0.57	$	0.52
Second quarter	0.60		0.57

Earnings per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of the net income allocated to common shares and the basic and diluted shares used in the net income per share computations


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023

Net income	$	18	$	12	$	97	$	107

Weighted average common shares outstanding	38		38		38		38
Incremental shares from assumed time-vested and performance-based RSU awards	—		1		—		1
Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding	38		39		38		39

Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Oct. 01, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Unbilled	$ 727.0		$ 727.0		$ 669.0
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,605.0	$ 1,585.0	3,407.0	$ 3,355.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Gross billings	10,361.0	10,245.0	21,844.0	21,696.0
Worksite employee payroll cost	8,756.0	8,660.0	18,437.0	18,341.0
Revenues	$ 1,605.0	1,585.0	$ 3,407.0	3,355.0
Health Insurance Costs [Abstract]
Percentage of our health insurance coverage provided by United	87.00%		87.00%
Number of days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter United establishes cash funding rates			90 days
Required accumulated cash surplus	$ 9.0		$ 9.0		9.0
Required deposit equal to approximately one day of claims funding activity	7.0		7.0
Prepaid health insurance, current	18.0		18.0
Amount which plan costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed	27.0		27.0
Premiums owed to United	(35.0)		(35.0)
Benefits costs incurred (reduced) related to run-off	(26.0)	(10.0)	(26.0)	(10.0)
Workers' Compensation Costs [Abstract]
Company's maximum economic burden for the first layer of claims per occurrence							$ 1.5	$ 1.0
Company's maximum aggregate economic burden for claims in excess of 1 million per policy year							$ 6.0	$ 6.0
Decrease Increase in accrued workers' compensation costs for changes in estimated losses			$ (17.0)	$ (15.0)
U.S. Treasury rates that correspond with the weighted average estimated claim payout period (in hundredths)			4.50%	4.00%
Incurred but not paid workers compensation liabilities [Abstract]
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Adjustments					220.0	$ 229.0
Workers' Compensation Expense			$ 31.0	$ 31.0
Workers' Compensation Discount, Changed during period			(7.0)	(6.0)
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Claims Paid			(33.0)	(26.0)
Workers' Compensation Liability	211.0	228.0	211.0	228.0
WorkersCompensationLiabilityNetOfAdminFeesCurrent	65.0	48.0	65.0	48.0
Workers' Compensation Liability, Noncurrent	146.0	180.0	146.0	180.0	163.0
Workers' Compensation Liability	211.0	228.0	211.0	228.0
Workers compensation administrative fees accrued	2.0	3.0	2.0	3.0
Undiscounted accrued workers' compensation costs			$ 244.0	253.0
Time period incurred claims expected to be paid recorded as restricted cash			1 year
Time period incurred claims expected to be paid included in deposits			Greater than 1 year
Restricted cash	64.0	48.0	$ 64.0	48.0	57.0	50.0
Deposits workers compensation	170.0	181.0	$ 170.0	181.0	$ 198.0	$ 196.0
Time period estimate of incurred claim costs to be paid included in short-term liabilities			1 year
Time period estimate of incurred claim costs to be paid included in long term liabilities			Greater than 1 year
Northeast [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	437.0	426.0	$ 946.0	918.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	437.0	426.0	946.0	918.0
Southeast [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	225.0	221.0	471.0	460.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	225.0	221.0	471.0	460.0
Central [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	292.0	285.0	616.0	604.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	292.0	285.0	616.0	604.0
Southwest [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	304.0	308.0	644.0	648.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	304.0	308.0	644.0	648.0
West [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	329.0	330.0	695.0	693.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	329.0	330.0	695.0	693.0
Other Revenues [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	18.0	15.0	35.0	32.0
Revenue Composition [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 18.0	$ 15.0	$ 35.0	$ 32.0

Other Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Overnight Holdings	$ 520	$ 611
Short-term Investments	174	135
Cash	14	27
Drafts Payable	(16)	(64)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments	692	709
Payroll Withholdings Included in Cash Balance	459	510
Client Prepayments Included in Cash Balance	(22)	(28)
Cash and cash equivalents	676	693	$ 580	$ 733
Restricted cash	64	57	48	50
Funds Held for Clients	38	87	34	35
Deposits workers compensation	170	198	181	196
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Total	948	1,035	843	1,014
ERCFundsReceivedIncludedInCashBalance	97
Supplemental cash flow information:
Restricted cash	64	57	48	50
Funds Held for Clients	38	87	34	35
Deposits workers compensation	170	198	181	196
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Total	948	1,035	$ 843	$ 1,014
ERCFundsReceivedIncludedInCashBalance	97
Money Market Funds [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Overnight Holdings	0	0
Short-term Investments	16	16
Cash	0	0
Drafts Payable	0	0
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments	16	16
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Overnight Holdings	520	611
Short-term Investments	158	119
Cash	14	27
Drafts Payable	(16)	(64)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments	$ 676	$ 693

Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	$ 0	$ 0
US Treasury Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	16	16
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	16	16
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure	678	730
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	16	16
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	59	22
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	753	768
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure	678	730
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	16	16
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	59	22
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	753	768
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure	0	0
US Government Securities, at Carrying Value	0	0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 0	$ 0

Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) conversionRatio	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 650
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 700
Percentage Of Subsidiary Stock Securing Debt \| conversionRatio	1
Long-term debt	$ 369	$ 369
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	1
Line of Credit Facility, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	$ 280
Long-Term Debt, Maturity Date	Jun. 30, 2027
Applicable Margin Federal Funds Rate	0.50%
Adjusted Term SOFR Rate Plus Applicable Margin	2.00%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.25%
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate During Period	7.20%
Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Adjusted Term SOFR rate	0.10%
Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Adjusted Term SOFR rate	0.25%
Base Rate [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.00%
Base Rate [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.50%
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate \| Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.50%
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate \| Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.25%

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Aggregate number of shares repurchased during the period (in shares)					383,790
Shares repurchased under the program (in shares)					203,744
Authorized to repurchased additional shares under repurchase program (in shares)	1,765,818				1,765,818
Shares withheld for tax withholding obligations for the vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)					180,046
Dividends declared per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.57	$ 0.60	$ 0.52	$ 0.57
Payments of Ordinary Dividends, Common Stock					$ (44)	$ (42)

Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 18	$ 12	$ 97	$ 107
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic (in shares)	38	38	38	38
Incremental Common Shares Attributable to Dilutive Effect of Share-based Payment Arrangements	0	1	0	1
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	38	39	38	39