Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File No. 001-36672

KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware			98-0443284
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

332 Encinitas Blvd.

Suite 102

Encinitas, CA 92024

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)

(858) 224-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	KPRX	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit). x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

o Yes x No

On November 6, 2024, there were 3,000,788 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

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QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2024

INDEX


		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	10

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	11

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	35

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37

Item 5.	Other Information	37

Item 6.	Exhibits	37

SIGNATURES		38

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not statements of historical fact and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The forward-looking statements are principally, but not exclusively, contained in “Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about management’s confidence or expectations, and our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “goal,” "foreseeable," “see,” “estimate,” “project,” “intends,” “think,” “potential,” “objective,” “optimistic,” “strategy,” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•the timing and success of preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by us and our development partners;

•the ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our product candidates, and the labeling for any approved products;

•the scope, progress, expansion, and costs of developing and commercializing our product candidates;

•the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates and the ability to serve those markets;

•our expectations regarding our expenses and revenue, the sufficiency of our cash resources and needs for additional financing;

•the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our product candidates;

•our expectations regarding competition;

•our anticipated growth strategies;

•our ability to attract or retain key personnel;

•our ability to establish and maintain development partnerships;

•our expectations regarding federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements;

•regulatory developments in the U.S. and foreign countries;

•our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates;

•the anticipated trends and challenges in our business and the market in which we operate; and

•our ability to assess the probability of achievement of milestones and other advances in our product candidates.

We discuss many of these risks in detail under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 18 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on March 25, 2024, or the Annual Report. You should carefully review all these factors, as well as other risks described in

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our public filings, and you should be aware that there may be other factors, including factors of which we are not currently aware, that could cause these differences.

Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. We may not update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future, unless we have obligations under the federal securities laws to update and disclose material developments related to previously disclosed information.

Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is referred to herein as “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Company.”

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	September 30, 2024 (unaudited)		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5,637,019	$	2,454,684
Short-Term Investments	23,398,016		—
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	470,424		233,382
Collaboration Receivables	1,783,472		—
Tax and Other Receivables	363,706		2,049,965
Total Current Assets	31,652,637		4,738,031
Non-Current Assets:
Property and Equipment, Net	62,609		8,065
Restricted Cash	4,520		4,267
Intangible Assets and In-Process R&D, Net	6,687,100		8,813,850
Operating Lease Assets with Right-of-Use	72,637		106,890
Other Assets	29,851		40,767
Total Assets	$	38,509,354	$	13,711,870
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable	$	660,415	$	206,260
Accrued Expenses	1,714,211		1,380,666
Accrued Collaboration Credit	1,119,591		—
Operating Lease Liabilities	33,447		47,069
Total Current Liabilities	3,527,664		1,633,995
Non-Current Liabilities:
Contingent Consideration	4,133,008		5,128,959
Deferred Tax Liability	779,440		779,440
Operating Lease Liabilities	39,190		59,822
Total Non-Current Liabilities	4,951,638		5,968,221
Total Liabilities	8,479,302		7,602,216
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.01 Par Value: 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,750 designated Series A, 0 shares issued and outstanding; 10,000 designated Series B, 0 shares issued and outstanding; 10,000 shares designated Series C, 0 shares issued and outstanding; 20,000 shares designated Series D, 7 shares issued and outstanding; 1,280 shares designated Series E, 0 shares issued and outstanding; 3,908 shares designated Series F, 420 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	4		4
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value: 150,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized; 3,000,788 and 856,182 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	267,679		77,078
Additional Paid-In Capital	168,996,195		153,192,228
Accumulated Deficit	(139,158,620)		(146,976,855)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(75,206)		(182,801)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	30,030,052		6,109,654
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	38,509,354	$	13,711,870

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue:
Collaboration Revenue	$	—	$	—	$	16,000,000	$	—
Grant Revenue	—		—		20,000		—
Total Revenue	—		—		16,020,000		—
Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative	1,380,997		1,415,844		4,215,411		3,782,596
Research and Development	1,317,231		1,085,010		3,717,570		2,915,392
In-Process R&D Impairment	2,008,000		1,904,314		2,008,000		1,904,314

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(1,103,991)		1,513,400		(995,951)		1,865,945
Total Operating Expenses	3,602,237		5,918,568		8,945,030		10,468,247
Operating Income (Loss)	(3,602,237)		(5,918,568)		7,074,970		(10,468,247)
Other Income (Expense), Net:


Interest Income, Net	248,840		49,912		813,989		128,464
Other Income (Expense), Net	(59,929)		105,715		(70,724)		94,493
Total Other Income, Net	188,911		155,627		743,265		222,957
Net Income (Loss)	$	(3,413,326)	$	(5,762,941)	$	7,818,235	$	(10,245,290)
Deemed Dividends from Warrant Reset Provision	—		(530,985)		—		(530,985)
Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders	$	(3,413,326)	$	(6,293,926)	$	7,818,235	$	(10,776,275)
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share - Basic	$	(0.81)	$	(7.30)	$	2.08	$	(23.35)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic	4,214,950		789,656		3,757,467		438,687
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share - Diluted	$	(0.81)	$	(7.30)	$	1.91	$	(23.35)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted	4,214,950		789,656		4,092,880		438,687

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Net Income (Loss)	$	(3,413,326)	$	(5,762,941)	$	7,818,235	$	(10,245,290)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	76,435		—		73,607		—
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	94,094		(40,310)		33,988		(83,430)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$	(3,242,797)	$	(5,803,251)	$	7,925,830	$	(10,328,720)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2024	427	$	4	2,970,545	$	267,373	$	168,825,325	$	(135,745,294)	$	(245,735)	$	33,101,673

Stock-Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		171,176		—		—		171,176





Adjustments Due to the Rounding Impact from the Reverse Stock Split for Fractional Shares	—	—		(361)	—		—		—		—		—

Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	—	—		30,604	306		(306)		—		—		—

Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	—	—		—	—		—		—		76,435		76,435

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		—		94,094		94,094

Net Loss	—	—		—	—		—		(3,413,326)		—		(3,413,326)

Balance at September 30, 2024	427	$	4	3,000,788	$	267,679	$	168,996,195	$	(139,158,620)	$	(75,206)	$	30,030,052

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2023	957	$	10	767,858	$	69,129	$	152,744,385	$	(138,945,308)	$	(225,861)	$	13,642,355

Stock-Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		264,865		—		—		264,865





Conversion of Series F Preferred Stock into Common Stock	(530)	(5)		53,530	4,818		(4,813)		—		—		—



Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	—	—		32,972	2,968		(2,968)		—		—		—

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		—		(40,310)		(40,310)

Net Loss	—	—		—	—		—		(5,762,941)		—		(5,762,941)

Balance at September 30, 2023	427	$	5	854,360	$	76,915	$	153,001,469	$	(144,708,249)	$	(266,171)	$	8,103,969

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	427	$	4	856,182	$	77,078	$	153,192,228	$	(146,976,855)	$	(182,801)	$	6,109,654

Stock-Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		496,413		—		—		496,413

Issuance of Common Stock and Warrants from Private Placement, Net of Offering Costs of $1.2 million	—	—		1,755,556	158,000		13,650,816		—		—		13,808,816

Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises	—	—		358,831	32,295		1,657,044		—		—		1,689,339

Adjustments Due to the Rounding Impact from the Reverse Stock Split for Fractional Shares	—	—		(385)	—		—		—		—		—

Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	—	—		30,604	306		(306)		—		—		—

Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	—	—		—	—		—		—		73,607		73,607

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		—		33,988		33,988

Net Income	—	—		—	—		—		7,818,235		—		7,818,235

Balance at September 30, 2024	427	$	4	3,000,788	$	267,679	$	168,996,195	$	(139,158,620)	$	(75,206)	$	30,030,052

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

(unaudited)


	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	7	$	—	199,608	$	17,986	$	146,035,314	$	(134,462,959)	$	(182,741)	$	11,407,600

Stock-Based Compensation	—	—		—	—		572,600		—		—		572,600

Issuance of Stock from Public Offering, Net of Offering Costs of $729,038	3,908	39		244,181	21,976		5,573,947		—		—		5,595,962

Issuance of Common Stock from Private Placement, Net of Offering Costs of $84,285	—	—		5,866	528		115,187		—		—		115,715

Issuance of Common Stock from ELOC Purchases	—	—		13,889	1,250		441,062		—		—		442,312

Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises	—	—		5,556	500		298,000		—		—		298,500

Conversion of Series F Preferred Stock into Common Stock	(3,488)	(34)		352,288	31,707		(31,673)		—		—		—

Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	—	—		32,972	2,968		(2,968)		—		—		—

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		—		(83,430)		(83,430)

Net Loss	—	—		—	—		—		(10,245,290)		—		(10,245,290)

Balance at September 30, 2023	427	$	5	854,360	$	76,915	$	153,001,469	$	(144,708,249)	$	(266,171)	$	8,103,969

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss)	$	7,818,235	$	(10,245,290)
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities:
Depreciation and Amortization of Intangible Assets	13,293		43,863
Impairment of Intangible Assets	104,167		—
Reduction of Right-of-Use Assets	35,027		98,073
Stock-Based Compensation	496,413		572,600
Impairment of In-Process R&D	2,008,000		1,904,314
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(995,951)		1,865,945

Accretion of Discount on Marketable Securities	(206,457)		—
Change in Accrued Interest on Marketable Securities	(21,960)		—
Net Realized Gain on Marketable Securities	(1,987)		—
Change in Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Cash Equivalents	3		—
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	(250,169)		98,854
Collaboration Receivables	(1,783,472)		—
Tax Receivables	2,850,144		(18,996)
Other Assets	11,065		939
Accounts Payable	450,982		(848,651)
Accrued Expenses	319,166		(360,398)
Operating Lease Liabilities	(35,026)		(86,863)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	10,811,473		(6,975,610)
Investing Activities:
Purchase of Property and Equipment	(51,287)		—

Purchases of Marketable Securities	(29,093,868)		—
Sales of Marketable Securities	150,000		—
Maturities of Marketable Securities	5,849,861		—
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(23,145,294)		—
Financing Activities:
Gross Proceeds from Public Offering	—		6,325,000
Issuance Costs for Public Offering	—		(729,038)
Gross Proceeds from Private Placement	14,998,865		200,000
Issuance Costs for Private Placement	(1,190,049)		(84,285)
Proceeds from ELOC Purchases	—		442,310
Exercise of Warrants	1,689,339		298,500
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	15,498,155		6,452,487
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	18,254		(86,164)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	3,182,588		(609,287)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period	2,458,951		6,013,816
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period	$	5,641,539	$	5,404,529

Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Operating and Financing Activities

Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock	$	—	$	31,707
Grant of Restricted Stock Awards	$	306	2,968

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

September 30, 2024

1. Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Overview

Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Kiora” or the “Company”) was formed as a Delaware corporation on December 28, 2004. Kiora is a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company developing and commercializing therapies for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.

Since its inception, Kiora has devoted substantially all its efforts to business planning, research and development, and raising capital.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. We believe that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes previously included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 25, 2024. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements of the Company but does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new standard requires a company to disclose incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, including significant segment expenses and measures of profit or loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal year 2024 and interim periods within fiscal year 2025, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense captions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2024-03 may have on its disclosures in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2024, the Company had unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents of $5.6 million and Short-term Investments of $23.4 million, and an Accumulated Deficit of $139.2 million. Kiora has incurred annual losses and negative cash flows since inception, and future losses are anticipated. However, Management believes that the Company's capital resources as of September 30, 2024 will be sufficient to fund the Company's planned operations for at least 12 months after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

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KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

September 30, 2024

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking accounts, savings accounts, money market funds, and marketable securities with maturities of 3 months or less when acquired. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates fair value.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments primarily consist of treasuries, corporate debt securities, and government and agency securities. The Company has classified these investments as available-for-sale securities, as the sale of such investments may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies, and therefore has classified all investments with maturity dates beyond three months at the date of purchase as current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Any premium or discount arising at purchase is amortized and/or accreted to interest income as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method over the life of the instrument. Investments are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity until realized.

Allowance for Credit Losses

For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. For available-for-sale securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the severity of the impairment, any changes in interest rates, market conditions, changes to the underlying credit ratings and forecasted recovery, among other factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in interest income through an allowance account. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company excludes the applicable accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of available-for-sale securities for purposes of identifying and measuring an impairment. Accrued interest receivable on investment securities is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s accounting policy is to not measure an allowance for credit loss for accrued interest receivable and to write-off any uncollectible accrued interest receivable as a reversal of interest income in a timely manner, which is considered to be in the period in which it is determined the accrued interest will not be collected.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with FASB’s ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, it performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it determines that it is probable it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods

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or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

In a contract with multiple performance obligations, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price(s) may include estimates regarding forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. We evaluate each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Any change made to estimated progress towards completion of a performance obligation and, therefore, revenue recognized will be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price.

Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recognized as deferred revenue in the Company’s balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as the current portion of deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, net of current portion. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a deferred revenue balance.

Collaboration Revenue

If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in a contract, the Company recognizes revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from the allocated transaction price. The Company evaluates the measure of progress at each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue or expense recognition as a change in estimate.

At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of milestones that are within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as operational development milestones and any related constraint, and, if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which will affect collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revisions to the Company's estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and a license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied, or partially satisfied.

In January 2024, the Company entered into a strategic development and commercialization agreement ("License Agreement") with Théa Open Innovation ("TOI"), a sister company of the global ophthalmic specialty company Laboratoires Théa ("Théa"). Under the agreement, the Company granted TOI exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights, excluding certain countries in Asia, to KIO-301 for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases (the "License"). The Company concluded that the Licensing Agreement contains one material performance obligation, the License. The transaction price includes the upfront, non-refundable payment of $16.0 million (the "License Access Fee"). The Company did not include any development or

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regulatory milestones in the transaction price because it is probable that changes in the estimate of receiving those milestones would result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, due to the inherent risks and uncertainties in the drug development process. The sales-based milestones and royalties are not included in the transaction price per ASC 606-10-32-11 and ASC 606-10-55-65. There is no financing component in the License Agreement.

The initial transaction price will be allocated to the one performance obligation identified (i.e., the License), which was transferred to TOI at the execution of the License Agreement and the entire $16.0 million transaction price was recognized in the first quarter of 2024 upon the satisfaction of the license performance obligations. Variable components of consideration related to development and regulatory milestones, commercial milestones, and royalties will be allocated to the transaction price if and when they occur. When it is probable that including milestones in the transaction price will not result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, the Company will recognize the revenue for the milestones immediately since the license performance obligation to which the milestones relate has already been fully satisfied when the change in estimate of the variable consideration occurs. Since the reimbursement for the development activities clearly relates to those activities and are accounted for under ASC 808, the Company will recognize those amounts that are due from TOI as contra-R&D expense.

The License Access Fee was earned at a point in time (first quarter of 2024) and, as a result, the associated contract costs specifically, sublicense fees, were expensed at the same point in time (first quarter of 2024). All further revenue sources that may lead to sublicense fee payments will not be recognized until earned. As such, sublicense fees will be expensed in the same period as the revenue of the respective milestone or royalties are earned.

See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Collaboration Agreements

The Company has entered into a research agreement that falls under the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements. Reimbursements from a collaboration partner are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Similarly, amounts that are owed to a collaboration partner are recognized as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Refunds for Research and Development

Kiora, through its Kiora Pharmaceuticals GmbH and Kiora Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd subsidiaries, is entitled to receive refundable tax incentives associated with certain eligible research and development expenses in Austria and Australia, respectively. These refunds are realized in the form of a cash payment in the year following the incurred research and development expenses and the filing of required documents within the appropriate regulatory authorities. The Company records estimates of the refundable payment as a tax receivable and a reduction in research and development expense in the period in which the research and development expenses are incurred.

In-Process Research and Development

The Company records in-process R&D projects acquired in asset acquisitions that have not reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use. For in-process R&D projects acquired in business combinations, the Company capitalizes the in-process R&D project as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and evaluates this asset at least annually for impairment until the R&D process has been completed. Once the R&D process is complete, the Company amortizes the R&D asset over its remaining useful life. The Company performed an annual evaluation of its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of August 31, 2024 with a quantitative analysis using the Income Approach. As of August 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the KIO-201 assets was less than their carrying value due to the strategic decision to cease all future development. Accordingly, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $2.0 million which is shown in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the line In-process R&D Impairment. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was $6.7 million and $8.7 million,

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respectively, of in-process R&D as part of intangible assets and in-process R&D, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Reverse Stock Split

On June 6, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a one-for-nine ("1-for-9") reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. The Amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 1, 2024, and by the Company’s board of directors. The amendment became effective on June 11, 2024, the effective date of the reverse stock split.

The reverse stock split proportionally adjusted all shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and shares of common stock underlying outstanding options and warrants immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment. As a result of the reverse stock split, proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and/or the number of shares issuable upon the exercise or vesting of all warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards issued by the Company and outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment, which resulted in a proportionate decrease in the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise or vesting of such warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards, and, in the case of warrants and stock options, a proportionate increase in the exercise price of all such warrants and stock options. In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment was reduced proportionately. The reverse stock split did not affect the number of shares or par value of common stock authorized for issuance under the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which remained at 150,000,000 shares.

No fractional shares were issued as a result of the reverse stock split. Stockholders of record who would otherwise have been entitled to receive a fractional share received a cash payment in lieu thereof. The reverse stock split affected all stockholders proportionately and did not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership of the Company’s common stock (except to the extent that the reverse stock split results in stockholders owning fractional shares). As a result of the reverse stock split, the number of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock as of June 11, 2024 decreased from 26,735,116 (pre-split) shares to 2,970,545 (post-split) shares.

All share and per share amounts in the accompanying financial statements and related footnotes have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split as if it had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. While the number of warrants outstanding did not change, the underlying shares did and are presented reflecting the split. The Company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on June 11, 2024.

2. Balance Sheet Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

A summary of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5,637,019	$	2,454,684
Restricted Cash, Non-current	4,520		4,267
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	5,641,539	$	2,458,951

Non-current restricted cash consists of deposits with financial institutions for corporate credit cards.

Short-term Investments

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The following table summarizes short-term investments as of September 30, 2024. There were no short-term investments as of December 31, 2023:


			Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Estimated Fair Value
US Treasuries	$	143,661	$	154	$	—	$	143,815
Government Agency Securities	18,436,082		54,100		(1,563)		18,488,619
Corporate Debt Securities	4,444,433		18,816		(357)		4,462,892
Asset Backed Securities	300,235		2,455		—		302,690
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	75,525	$	(1,920)	$	23,398,016

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's short-term investments at September 30, 2024:


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	20,490,004	$	20,545,614
Due in one to five years	2,834,407		2,852,402
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	23,398,016

The following table shows the Company's available-for-sale investments' gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, at September 30, 2024:


	Less than 12 months
	Count	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Government Agency Securities	3	1,690,344		(1,563)
Corporate Debt Securities	4	322,517		(357)

Total	7	$	2,012,861	$	(1,920)

The Company reviews its investments each quarter to identify and evaluate investments that have an indication of possible other-than-temporary impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, any changes to the underlying credit risk of the investment, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. The unrealized losses in the Company’s investments were caused by changes in interest rates resulting from changing economic conditions, and not from a decline in credit of their underlying issuers. The Company may be required to sell these investments prior to maturity to implement management strategies, however, it is not likely that the Company will sell these investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis. As such, the Company has classified these losses as temporary in nature.

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September 30, 2024

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Prepaid Research and Development	$	294,642	$	23,066
Prepaid General and Administrative	88,393		73,109
Prepaid Insurance	87,389		123,807
Other	—		13,400
Total Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$	470,424	$	233,382

Tax and Other Receivables

Tax and other receivables consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research Tax Credits	$	223,063	$	1,899,880
Other Tax Receivables	140,643		150,085


Total Tax and Other Receivables	$	363,706	$	2,049,965

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and Benefits	$	1,030,630	$	875,254
Professional Fees	123,318		43,387
Clinical Trials	403,204		397,465
Taxes	150,003		—
Other	7,056		64,560
Total Accrued Expenses	$	1,714,211	$	1,380,666

3. Fair Value Disclosures

The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the accounting guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

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Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

The following table summarizes the Company's financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024. There were no financial instruments measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023.


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of September 30, 2024
Cash Equivalents:
Money Market Funds	$	1,610,903	$	1,610,903	$	—	$	—
US Treasury Securities	57,825		—		57,825		—
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	$	1,668,728	$	1,610,903	$	57,825	$	—

Short-term Investments:
US Treasury Securities	$	143,815	$	—	$	143,815	$	—
Government Agency Securities	18,488,619		—		18,488,619		—
Corporate Debt Securities	4,462,892		—		4,462,892		—
Asset Backed Securities	302,690		—		302,690		—
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	$	23,398,016	$	—	$	23,398,016	$	—

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	$	25,066,744	$	1,610,903	$	23,455,841	$	—

In connection with historical acquisitions, additional consideration may be owed by the Company related to the achievement of certain milestones and such contingent consideration payments are required by U.S. GAAP to be presented at fair value. The following table provides information for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration:

Non-current	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959
Total Contingent Consideration	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959

The Company initially values contingent consideration related to business combinations using a probability-weighted calculation of potential payment scenarios discounted at rates reflective of the risks associated with the expected future cash flows for certain milestones. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration include projected financial information, market data and the probability and timing of achieving the specific milestones. After the initial valuation, the Company generally uses its best estimate to measure contingent consideration at each subsequent reporting period using the following unobservable Level 3 inputs:

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September 30, 2024


	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Discounted cash flow	Payment discount rate	14.4	%	13.1	%
Bayon		Payment period	2027 - 2029		2025 - 2027
Panoptes		Payment period	2027 - 2028		2026 - 2028
Bayon		Probability of success for payment	48% - 77%		42% - 71%
Panoptes		Probability of success for payment	30% - 33%		30% - 33%

Significant changes in these assumptions could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value. The contingent consideration reported in the above table is adjusted quarterly based upon the passage of time or the anticipated success or failure of achieving certain milestones. The change in fair value of contingent consideration of $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was primarily driven by the reversal of the liability related to KIO-201 of approximately $0.8 million resulting from the strategic decision to cease continued development or partnership leading to commercialization. The change in fair value of contingent consideration of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by additional disease indications for KIO-301 that were added in Q3 2023 when assessing the probabilities of success in achieving certain milestones. The change in fair value of contingent consideration is recorded within operating expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income (loss).

The Company records in-process R&D projects acquired in asset acquisitions that have not reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use at estimated fair value. For in-process R&D projects acquired in business combinations, the Company capitalizes the in-process R&D project as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and evaluates this asset annually for impairment until the R&D process has been completed. Once the R&D process is complete, the Company amortizes the R&D asset over its remaining useful life.

ASC 350 allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, the entity must calculate the fair value of the asset and record an impairment charge if the carrying amount exceeds fair value. If an entity concludes that there is a less than 50 percent likelihood that the asset is impaired, no further action is required. An indefinite-lived intangible asset should be tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. If such events or changes have occurred, a quantitative assessment is required.

If an entity bypasses the qualitative assessment or determines from its qualitative assessment that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is more likely than not impaired, a quantitative impairment test should be performed. The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset with the asset’s carrying amount. If the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to the difference in accordance with ASC 350-30-35-19.

The Company values in-process R&D related to asset acquisitions using the Income Approach which measures the value of an asset by the present value of its future economic benefits. These benefits can include interest and principal payments, earnings, cost savings, tax deductions, or proceeds from its disposition. Value indications are developed by discounting expected cash flows at a rate of return that incorporates the risk-free rate for the use of funds, the expected rate of inflation, and risks associated with the particular investment. The selected discount rate is generally based on rates of return available from alternative investments of similar type and quality.

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September 30, 2024

The Company engaged a third-party valuation firm to complete a quantitative assessment of in-process R&D as of August 31, 2024, which includes the following unobservable Level 3 inputs:

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Discount Rate

KIO-104

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

17% to 36%

KIO-301

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

23% to 43%

As of September 30, 2024, the Company assessed qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate impairment, and concluded that it is not more likely than not that any assets are impaired.

4. Capital Stock

All amounts of shares of common stock in the transactions described below have been adjusted to reflect post Amendment adjusted shares of common stock of the Company.

On May 1, 2024, the Company held its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Annual Meeting") where the Company's stockholders voted to approve various proposals including (i) adoption of a new Equity Incentive Plan, the "2024 Equity Incentive Plan", (ii) an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 150,000,000, which the Company filed with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware on May 1, 2024 and (iii) the approval, as contemplated by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, of the issuance of up to 5,486,066 shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants issued in the private placement that closed on February 5, 2024.

On January 31, 2024, the Company entered into a private placement agreement with Maxim Group LLC serving as placement agent for 1,755,556 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,261,582 shares of common stock, and accompanying Tranche A and Tranche B warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,486,066 shares of common stock. The total net proceeds from the private placement were approximately $13.8 million.

The Tranche A warrants are exercisable for up to 2,743,033 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.4684 per share for an aggregate of up to approximately $15.0 million and will expire at the earlier of (i) 30 days following the announcement of full data (expected in 2026) from the Company's Phase 2 clinical trial (ABACUS-2) of KIO-301 in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and the daily VWAP of the Company's common stock equaling or exceeding $9.9432 per share for 30 consecutive trading days following the announcement and (ii) five years from the date of shareholder approval of the warrants.

The Tranche B warrants are exercisable for up to 2,743,033 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.4684 per share for an aggregate of up to approximately $15.0 million and will expire at the earlier of (i) 30 days following the announcement of topline data (expected in 2026) from the planned Phase 2 trial of KIO-104 in retinal inflammation and the daily VWAP of the Company's common stock equaling or exceeding $12.4290 per share for 30 consecutive trading days following the announcement and (ii) five years from the date of shareholder approval of the warrants.

During June 2023, 329 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 298,758 shares of common stock. During July and August 2023, 59 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 53,530 shares of common stock.

On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to issue and sell stock and warrants in a public offering. On June 6, 2023, the public offering closed, and the Company issued and sold (i) 244,181 shares of common stock (including 83,333 shares of common stock sold pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option), (ii) 434 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock convertible into up to 3,552,372 shares of common stock, (iii) 638,889 Class C Warrants (including 83,333 Class C Warrants sold pursuant to the

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September 30, 2024

exercise of the over-allotment option), and (iv) 638,889 Class D Warrants (including 83,333 Class D Warrants sold pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option). The public offering price of $9.90 per share of common stock, Class C Warrant and Class D Warrant, and $8,999 per share of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, 101 Class C Warrants and 101 Class D Warrants, resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.6 million net of underwriting discount and commissions of $0.5 million and other expenses of $0.2 million. On June 6, 2023, the underwriter fully exercised the over-allotment option granted by the Company to purchase stock and warrants.

Each Class C Warrant and Class D Warrant is exercisable at a price per share of common stock of $9.90. The Class C Warrants will expire on June 6, 2028 and the Class D Warrants expired on June 6, 2024. The exercise prices of the warrants are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. In addition, on August 7, 2023, the first business day after the 60th calendar day immediately following the initial exercise day, the exercise price of the warrants was reduced to $4.7079 per share pursuant to the reset provision which stated that the warrants would be reduced to the lesser of (i) the exercise price then in effect and (ii) 90% of the average of the volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock for the five (5) trading day period immediately prior to the reset date. In accordance with ASU 2021-04, the warrant reset of the exercise price was evaluated as a modification of equity-classified written call options. Modifications or exchanges that are not related to debt or equity financings, compensation for goods or services, or other exchange transactions within the scope of other guidance should be recognized as a dividend consistent with ASC 815-40-35-17(d). The dividend amount is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified or exchanged instrument over the fair value of that instrument immediately before it is modified or exchanged in accordance with ASC 815-40-35-16. The Company considered the guidance in paragraphs 815-40-35-14 through 35-17 and determined that the circumstances of the warrant modification indicate that the modification is executed separate from a new equity offering, debt origination or debt modification. As such, on August 7, 2023, the date on which the modification became effective, the incremental change in the fair value of the 1,277,778 outstanding warrants was recognized as a deemed dividend totaling $0.5 million that increases net loss attributable to common stockholders in accordance with paragraph 815-40-35-17(d) and ASC 260-10-45-15. During November 2023, 911 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class C Warrants and 911 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class D Warrants for $8.6 thousand in aggregate exercise proceeds. In February 2024, 101,684 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Class C Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.4 million. Additionally, 203,934 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Class D Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. During June 2024, 53,213 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class D Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.3 million.

On February 3, 2023, the Company completed a private placement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC ("Lincoln Park") for 5,866 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 11,733 shares of common stock. The total net proceeds from the private placement were approximately $0.1 million. The warrants have an exercise price of $31.842 per share, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the warrants, and became exercisable on the six-month anniversary of the closing date. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the issuance date.

On February 3, 2023, the Company also entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from the Company up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of common stock (subject to certain limitations), from time to time and at the Company's sole discretion over the term of the purchase agreement. On February 22, 2023, the Company completed its first issuance under this agreement for a total of 2,222 shares sold to Lincoln Park for proceeds of $0.1 million. In April 2023, the Company completed additional issuances for a total of 11,667 shares sold to Lincoln Park for proceeds of $0.3 million. On January 31, 2024, the Company terminated the purchase agreement with Lincoln Park.

During February 2023, 5,556 shares were issued upon the exercise of inducement warrants issued in November 2022.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

September 30, 2024

5. Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the Company’s equity-classified warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Common Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Outstanding Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,451,589	$	25.21	2.43
Issued	6,747,648	$	4.45	4.77
Exercised	(358,831)	$	4.71
Expired	(380,831)	$	4.71
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	7,459,575	$	7.76	5.08

6. Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the time period, which for basic net income (loss) per share, does not include the weighted-average unvested restricted common stock that has been issued and is subject to forfeiture totaling 47,601 and 26,443 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Dilutive common equivalent shares consist of stock options, warrants, and preferred stock and are calculated using the treasury stock method, which assumes the repurchase of common shares at the average market price during the period. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants will have a dilutive effect when the average price of common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of options or warrants. Common equivalent shares do not qualify as participating securities. In periods where the Company records a net loss, unvested restricted common stock and potential common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. The following is a summary of potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	2024	2023
Common Stock Warrants, Excluding Pre-funded Warrants	6,197,993	1,453,411
Employee Stock Options	162,320	92,425
Restricted Stock	47,601	26,443
Preferred Stock, as Converted into Common Stock	42,426	42,426
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	451,926	18,388
Total	6,902,266	1,633,093

7. Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) and the Company's Stockholders approved the 2014 Plan and ESPP in February 2015.

The Board subsequently adopted the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2024 Plan") and the Company's Stockholders approved the Plan in May 2024. Following adoption of the 2024 Plan, no further grants were made under the 2014 Plan.

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Consistent with the 2014 Plan, the 2024 Plan provides for the granting of stock options (incentive and nonqualified), restricted stock or other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors, consultants, and advisors. The Board is responsible for administration of the 2024 Plan. The Company’s Board determines the term of each option, the option exercise price, the number of shares for which each option is granted and the rate at which each option is exercisable. Incentive stock options may be granted to any officer or employee at an exercise price per share of not less than the fair value per common share on the date of the grant (not less than 110% of fair value in the case of holders of more than 10% of the Company’s voting stock) and with a term not to exceed ten years from the date of the grant (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of more than 10% of the Company’s voting stock). Nonqualified stock options may be granted to any officer, employee, consultant, or director at an exercise price per share of not less than the par value per share. As of September 30, 2024, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the 2024 Plan was 733,100 of which 450,815 shares were available for awards.

Stock-based compensation expense is presented in the same expense line items as cash compensation paid and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and Development	$	98,292	$	118,439	$	286,955	$	249,352
General and Administrative	72,884		146,426		209,458		323,248
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$	171,176	$	264,865	$	496,413	$	572,600

Stock Options

The Company grants time-based stock options which generally vest one-third of the underlying shares on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remainder ratably over a 24-month period. The fair value of time-based stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, with such value recognized as expense over the service period, which is typically three years, net of actual forfeitures. A summary of the Company’s assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is shown in the following table:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.44	%	4.54	%
Expected Life (years)	6		5.52
Expected Stock Price Volatility	140	%	141	%
Expected Dividend Yield	—	%	—	%

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $4.02. The expected term of the options granted is based on management's estimate. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The risk-free interest rate is determined based upon a constant U.S. Treasury security rate with a contractual life that approximates the expected term of the option. Unamortized compensation expense related to the options amounted to $0.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.09 years.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

September 30, 2024

Following is a summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	90,382	$	41.43	9.29
Granted	74,137	$	4.35
Expired	(426)	$	1,202.15
Forfeited	(1,773)	$	7.04
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	162,320	$	21.83	9.24
Exercisable and vested at September 30, 2024	48,671	$	56.79	8.75

The stock options outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2024 had no aggregate intrinsic value. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the market price of the Company’s common stock for options that had exercise prices lower than $3.66, the closing price of the Company’s stock on September 30, 2024.

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period, which is typically one-third of the underlying shares on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remainder ratably over a 24-month period. Unamortized compensation expense related to the restricted stock awards amounted to $0.3 million as of September 30, 2024 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.41 years. The following is a summary of restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Non-vested Outstanding at December 31, 2023	25,493	$	14.75	2.57
Awarded	30,604	$	4.35
Released	(7,717)	$	11.50
Forfeited	(779)	$	15.59
Non-vested Outstanding at September 30, 2024	47,601	$	8.58	2.41

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has a non-qualified ESPP, which provides for the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock to eligible employees of the Company that elect to participate in the plan and purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions at a discounted price. Six month offering periods are made at the Board’s discretion. The ESPP provides for 32 aggregate shares of the Company’s common stock for participants to purchase. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the remaining shares reserved for future offerings was 23.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company is party to three real property operating leases for the rental of office space. In February 2022, the Company entered into an 18-month lease for an office facility in Encinitas, California (the "Encinitas Lease"), which is now used for its corporate headquarters. The Encinitas Lease commenced in May 2022 and was amended to extend its lease term through April 30, 2025. The Company recorded a right-of use ("ROU") asset and lease liability upon lease commencement and lease amendment in May 2022 and November 2023, respectively. In May 2022, the Company entered into a 12-month lease for office space in Adelaide, Australia

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September 30, 2024

(the "Adelaide Lease") which expired in May 2023. Following expiration, the landlord agreed to extend the Adelaide Lease on a month-month basis, whereby the Company must provide 90-day notice of termination. The Adelaide Lease is a short-term lease which is exempt for ROU asset and lease liability reporting. The Company also entered into a lease for 910 square feet of office space in Vienna, Austria (the "Vienna Lease"). The Vienna Lease commenced on October 15, 2023 with a term of 5 years through October 14, 2028. The Company recorded a ROU asset and lease liability upon lease commencement in October 2023. The remaining lease terms range from less than 0.58 to 4.63 years.

Operating lease expense, consisting of the reduction of the right-of-use asset and the imputed interest on the lease liability totaled $18,742 and $50,482 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $57,327 and $121,159 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Future annual minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Years Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining months)	$	13,541
2025	27,762
2026	14,562
2027	14,562
2028	11,528
Total Lease Liabilities	81,955
Less Amounts Representing Interest	(9,318)
Total	72,637
Less Current Portion	(33,447)
	$	39,190

License and Exclusive Rights Agreements

The Company is a party to six license agreements as described below. These license agreements require the Company to pay or receive royalties or fees to or from the licensor based on revenue or milestones related to the licensed technology.

On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a license agreement with TOI, a sister company of the global ophthalmic specialty company Théa. Under the agreement, Kiora granted TOI exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights, excluding certain countries in Asia, to KIO-301 for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases. In exchange, Kiora received an upfront payment of $16 million; will receive up to $285 million upon achievement of pre-specified clinical development, regulatory and commercial milestones; tiered royalties of up to low 20% on net sales; and reimbursement of certain KIO-301 research and development expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded offsetting expense credits of $0.9 million and $2.2 million related to reimbursable KIO-301 expenses.

On May 1, 2020, the Company (through its subsidiary, Bayon Therapeutics, Inc.) entered into an agreement with Photoswitch Therapeutics, Inc. (“Photoswitch”) granting to the Company access to certain patent applications and IP rights with last-to-expire patent terms of January 2030. The agreement calls for payments to Photoswitch upon the achievement of certain development milestones and upon first commercial sale of the product.

On May 1, 2020, the Company (through its subsidiary, Bayon Therapeutics, Inc.) entered into an agreement with the University of California Berkeley (“UC”) granting to the Company the exclusive rights to its pipeline of photoswitch molecules. The agreement requires the Company to pay an annual fee to UC of $5,000, as well as payments to UC upon the achievement of certain development milestone and royalties based on revenue relating to any product incorporating KIO-301. The Company is obligated to pay royalties on net sales of two

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September 30, 2024

percent (2%) of the first $250 million of net sales, one and a quarter percent (1.25%) of net sales between $250 million and $500 million, and one half of one percent (0.5%) of net sales over $500 million. In addition, the agreement requires the Company to pay sublicense fees for the grant of rights under a sublicense agreement at 8% of sublicense revenue prior to enrolling the first patient in any Phase 1 or Phase II (if Phase I is not performed) clinical trial of a licensed product, 6% of sublicense revenue prior to enrolling the first patient in any Phase III clinical trial of a licensed product, or 4% of sublicense revenue prior to any arms-length first commercial sale of a licensed product. On October 30, 2023, the Company, through its subsidiary, Bayon Therapeutics, Inc., entered into an agreement with UC to amend its licensing agreement dated May 1, 2020 effective November 5, 2023, granting the Company exclusive rights to a patent application covering specific formulations of KIO-301, which was previously jointly owned by UC and Bayon. Further, Bayon has the ability to assign or transfer the agreement providing written notice is given within at least 15 days prior to any such assignment, providing written assignment agreement by successor within 30 days, and by paying an assignment fee of $30,000 within 30 days of the assignment. Per the terms of the agreement, upon execution of the amendment the Company was required to pay UC $15,000. Per these terms, the Company made a payment to UC for $0.7 million related to the upfront payment received from TOI upon execution of the strategic development and commercialization agreement. The agreement expires on the date of the last-to-expire patent included in the licensed patent portfolio which is currently January 2030, however if patents that are currently pending approval are issued, the license expiration would extend into 2041.

On September 26, 2018, the Company entered into an intellectual property licensing agreement (the “SentrX Agreement”) with SentrX, a veterinary medical device company that develops and manufactures veterinary wound care products. Under the SentrX Agreement, the Company in-licensed the rights to trade secrets and know-how related to the manufacturing of KIO-201. The SentrX Agreement enabled the Company to pursue a different vendor with a larger capacity for manufacturing and an FDA-inspected facility for commercialization of a product for human use. Under the SentrX Agreement, SentrX was eligible to receive milestone payments totaling up to $4.75 million, upon and subject to the achievement of certain specified developmental and commercial milestones. On June 7, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment agreement (the "SentrX First Amendment") with SentrX, whereby SentrX removed the Company's obligation to make any further payments, milestone or otherwise. The term of the amendment agreement remained unchanged which was until the product is no longer in the commercial marketplace. In addition, on June 7, 2023, the Company entered into a new exclusive license agreement (the "New SentrX Agreement" with SentrX, whereby the Company out-licensed certain KIO-201 patents (focused on the combination of KIO-201 with an antibiotic) for use in animal health and veterinary medicine. Under the New SentrX Agreement, SentrX is obligated to pay the Company a flat low single-digit royalty on net sales, and is effective until the last licensed patent terminates. In August 2023, SentrX was acquired by Dômes Pharma. In July 2024, the Company decided to cease continued development of KIO-201 in combination with an antibiotic, and provided notice to Dômes Pharma of its intention to cease continued maintenance of all related licensed IP and its willingness to transfer control of the prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents at their request.

On July 2, 2013, the Company (through its subsidiary, Kiora Pharmaceuticals, GmbH) entered into an out-license agreement with 4SC granting 4SC the exclusive worldwide right to commercialize the compound used in KIO-101 and KIO-104 for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. The Company is eligible to receive milestone payments totaling up to €155 million, upon and subject to the achievement of certain specified developmental and commercial milestones. The Company has not received any milestones payments from 4SC. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive royalties of 3.25% on net sales of any product commercialized by 4SC using the compound in KIO-101 and KIO-104.

On July 2, 2013, the Company (through its subsidiary, Kiora Pharmaceuticals, GmbH) entered into a patent and know-how assignment agreement with 4SC Discovery GmbH (“4SC”) transferring to the Company all patent rights and know-how to the compound used in KIO-101 and KIO-104. The Company is responsible for paying royalties of 3.25% on net sales of KIO-101, KIO-104 or any other therapeutic product that uses the compound.

Agreements Terminated or Settled Within the Quarter

On November 17, 2014, the Company (through its subsidiary Kiora Pharmaceuticals GmbH) entered into an intellectual property and know-how licensing agreement with Laboratoires Leurquin Mediolanum S.A.S.

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September 30, 2024

(“Mediolanum”) for the commercialization of KIO-101, KIO-104 or any other therapeutic product that uses the compound (the “Mediolanum agreement”) in specific territories. Under the Mediolanum agreement, the Company out-licensed rights to commercialize KIO-101, KIO-104 or any other therapeutic product that uses the compound (the "KIO-100 family of products") for uveitis, dry eye and viral conjunctivitis in Italy, and France. This Agreement was amended on December 10, 2015 to also include Belgium and The Netherlands. Under the Mediolanum Agreement, Mediolanum was obligated to pay up to approximately €20 million in development and commercial milestones and a 7% royalty on net sales of (the KIO-100 family of products in the territories through the longer of the expiry of the valid patents covering the KIO-100 family of products or 10 years from the first commercial sale. The royalty would be reduced to 5% after patent expiry. On September 7, 2023, the Company (through its subsidiary Kiora Pharmaceuticals GmbH) agreed to a settlement agreement with Mediolanum to terminate the existing out-licensing rights by Mediolanum to commercialize the KIO-100 family of products for uveitis, dry eye and viral conjunctivitis in Italy, France, Belgium and Netherlands including all related commercial milestone payments and royalty obligations. The Company agreed to pay a termination fee of $0.1 million, of which $50,000 was paid upon execution of the agreement, and $50,000 was paid on the one year anniversary of the termination which occurred in September 2024.

On September 12, 2013, the Company (through its subsidiary, Jade Therapeutics, Inc.) entered into an agreement with Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (“Lineage”), formerly known as BioTime, Inc. granting to the Company the exclusive worldwide right to commercialize cross-linked thiolated carboxymethyl hyaluronic acid (“modified HA”) for ophthalmic treatments in humans. The agreement required the Company to pay an annual fee of $30,000 and a royalty of 6% on net sales of KIO-201 to Lineage based on revenue relating to any product incorporating the modified HA technology. The agreement expires when patent protection for the modified HA technology lapses in August 2027, however in September 2024, the Company terminated this agreement.

Grant Funding

In April 2024, the Company received grant funding of $20,000 from the Choroideremia Research Foundation ("CRF") in support of validating functional vision assessments for patients with profound blindness. This grant funding will aid in further validation of a suite of tests expected to be used in the upcoming ABACUS-2 Phase 2 clinical trial assessing KIO-301.

Contingent Consideration

The purchase price of various acquisitions in prior periods included contingent consideration, which consisted of various cash earn-out payments upon the achievement of certain milestones. Below are the maximum obligation payments per the respective agreements and estimated fair value of contingent consideration payments remaining as of September 30, 2024.


	Maximum Obligation per Agreements		Current Fair Value Estimated
Bayon	$	7,135,000	$	2,177,467
Panoptes	9,500,000		1,955,541
	$	16,635,000	$	4,133,008

Other

In the normal course of business, the Company periodically becomes involved in various claims and lawsuits, as well as governmental proceedings and investigations that are incidental to the business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and amount of the claim, and an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. With respect to governmental proceedings and investigations, like other companies in the industry, the Company is subject to extensive regulation by national, state and local governmental agencies in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions in which the

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September 30, 2024

Company and its affiliates operate. As a result, interaction with governmental agencies is ongoing. The Company’s standard practice is to cooperate with regulators and investigators in responding to inquiries.

The Company currently maintains insurance for risks associated with the operation of its business, provision of professional services and ownership of property. These policies provide coverage for a variety of potential losses, including loss or damage to property, bodily injury, general commercial liability, professional errors and omissions and medical malpractice.

9. Subsequent Events

In October 2024, an investor notified the Company of their intention to abandon 1,206 warrants that were issued in August 2021 with an original expiration in February 2027.

In October 2024, the Company announced that it received regulatory approval to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial to investigate KIO-301 for vision restoration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The ABACUS-2 trial is expected be a 36 patient, multi-center, double-masked, randomized, controlled, multiple dose study enrolling patients with ultra-low vision or no light perception regardless of their underlying gene mutation associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Dosing of the first patient with KIO-301 is expected to begin in the first half of 2025 following validation of novel functional vision endpoints. These functional assessments may serve as approvable primary endpoints in subsequent registration studies in the United States, Europe and other major regions.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contains statements that are not statements of historical fact and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include those factors described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 18 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2024. You should carefully review all of these factors, as well as the comprehensive discussion of forward-looking statements on page 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is referred to herein as “Kiora”, “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Company”.

Executive Summary

We are a specialty clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing and commercializing products for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases.

KIO-301 is initially focused on patients with later stages of disease progression due to Retinitis Pigmentosa (any and all sub-forms). KIO-301 is a potential vision-restoring small molecule that acts as a “photoswitch” specifically designed to restore vision in patients with inherited and age-related degenerative retinal diseases. The molecule is specifically designed to restore the eyes’ ability to perceive and interpret light in visually impaired patients. It selectively enters viable downstream retinal ganglion cells (no longer receiving electrical input due to degenerated rods and cones) and is intended to turn them into light sensing cells, capable of signaling the brain as to the presence or absence of light. On March 17, 2022, we were granted Orphan Drug Designation by the United States (“U.S.”) Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (“API”) in KIO-301. In July 2024, we were granted Orphan Medicinal Product Designation by the European Medicines Agency for KIO-301 for the treatment of non-syndromic, rod-dominant retinal dystrophies, which includes diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, Stargardt disease and others. In September 2024, the European Medicines Agency expanded out Orphan Medicinal Product Designation to also include syndromic, rod-dominant retinal dystrophies that includes diseases like Usher's syndrome, which has non-ocular aspects of diseases in addition to retinal involvement.

KIO-301 (formerly known as B-203) was acquired through the Bayon Therapeutics, Inc. ("Bayon") transaction that closed October 21, 2021. We initiated a Phase 1b clinical trial (ABACUS-1) in the third quarter of 2022. Topline data from this trial was presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology annual meeting in November 2023. The complete data set was presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology ("ARVO") annual conference in May 2024 highlighting improvements in visual acuity, visual field and functional vision among clinical trial participants relative to baseline. In October 2024, we announced the receipt of regulatory approval to initiate the Phase 2 trial of KIO-301 (ABACUS-2) and we anticipate enrolling our first patient in 1H 2025.

In January 2024, we entered into a strategic development and commercialization agreement ("License Agreement") with Théa Open Innovation ("TOI"), a sister company of the global ophthalmic specialty company Laboratoires Théa ("Théa"). Under the agreement, Kiora granted TOI exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights, excluding Asia, to KIO-301 for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases. In exchange, Kiora received an upfront, payment of $16 million; up to $285 million upon achievement of pre-specified clinical development, regulatory and commercial milestones; tiered royalties of up to low 20% on net sales; and reimbursement of all KIO-301 research and development expenses moving forward from the date of the execution of the License Agreement.

Based on results of ABACUS-1, we have the opportunity to expand development of KIO-301 to treat patients with late stages of Choroideremia and Stargardt disease. These diseases have a similar underlying late-stage pathology as Retinitis Pigmentosa, hence the mechanism of action of KIO-301 could potentially provide a similar benefit to these patients.

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We are also planning to develop KIO-104 for the treatment of retinal inflammatory diseases including Posterior Non-Infectious Uveitis, a rare T cell-mediated, intraocular inflammatory disease and diabetic macular edema. KIO-104 is a novel and potent small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ("DHODH"), formulated for intravitreal delivery and ideally suited to suppress overactive T-cell activity to treat the underlying condition. Data from a previous Phase 1/2a study in patients with Posterior Non-Infectious Uveitis, reported in October 2022, showed that a single injection of KIO-104 decreased intraocular inflammation and improved visual acuity significantly for the duration of the study. Further, there is evidence of reduced cystoid macular edema from baseline. We are currently designing a Phase 2 clinical trial in retinal inflammation, expected to initiate in early 2025.

We have an additional asset, KIO-101, that we are currently seeking to partner. KIO-101 is based on the same molecule as KIO-104, however formulated for topical, eye drop delivery.

Throughout our history we have not generated significant revenue; however in January 2024 we entered into the License Agreement with TOI, whereby we recognized $16 million in collaboration revenue related to the upfront payment. We have never been profitable and from inception through September 30, 2024, our losses from operations have aggregated $139.2 million. We expect to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue the development and clinical trials of and seek regulatory approval for our product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we expect to incur significant expenses in order to create an infrastructure to support their commercialization including sales, marketing, and distribution functions.

We will need additional financing to support our continuing operations. We will seek to fund our operations through a combination of public or private sales of equity, debt financings, license and development agreements, non-dilutive grants and other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. Although historically we have been successful at raising capital, most recently raising net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million in a private placement offering that closed on February 5, 2024, additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to Kiora, if at all. We do not know if any future offerings will succeed. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. Kiora has incurred losses and negative cash flows since inception, and future losses are anticipated. However, based on the cash on hand and short-term investments at September 30, 2024 of approximately $5.6 million and $23.4 million, respectively, we anticipate having sufficient cash to fund currently planned operations into 2027.

Recent Developments

None noted.

New Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue has been derived from payments received under our license and research collaboration agreements, which for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, represented an upfront payment from our collaboration agreement with TOI. In the future, we anticipate our revenue to include additional milestone payments under our current and/or future collaboration agreements. We do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products unless and until such time that our product candidates have advanced through clinical development and regulatory approval, if ever. We expect that any revenue we generate, if at all, will fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter as a result of the timing and amount of payments relating to such services and milestones and the extent to which any of our products are approved and successfully commercialized. If we fail to complete clinical development of product candidates or obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our ability to generate future revenues and our results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.

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New Critical Accounting Estimates

None.

Results of Operations

Comparison of three months ended, September 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	2024		2023		Change




Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative	$	1,380,997	$	1,415,844	$	(34,847)
Research and Development	1,317,231		1,085,010		232,221
In-Process R&D Impairment	2,008,000		1,904,314		103,686
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(1,103,991)		1,513,400		(2,617,391)
Total Operating Expenses	3,602,237		5,918,568		(2,316,331)
Other Income, Net	188,911		155,627		33,284
Net Income (Loss)	$	(3,413,326)	$	(5,762,941)	$	2,349,615

General and Administrative Expenses. The decrease of $34.8 thousand was driven by a decrease in proxy related public company expenses of $52.6 thousand, a reduction in D&O insurance premiums of $40.0 thousand, and reduced IT related costs of $32.0 thousand, partially offset by increased tax services of $75.0 thousand including a Section 382 analysis and an increase in personnel related costs of $0.1 million.

Research and Development Expenses. The increase of $0.2 million was primarily due to an increase in CMC for KIO-301 and KIO-104 of $1.0 million, an increase in personnel related costs of $0.2 million, $0.1 million of travel and a decrease of $0.5 million for credits expected from Australian and Austrian government programs related to research and development activities, offset by an increase in KIO-301 related expenses of $0.9 million resulting from the expense reimbursement related to the strategic development and commercialization agreement with TOI, a reduction in clinical related expenses for the KIO-301 RP phase 1b trial conducted in 2023 of $0.2 million and the KIO-101 Ocular Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis + clinical trial activity $0.3 million, and fees associated with the settlement agreement with Mediolanum of $0.1 million.

In-Process R&D Impairment. The increase of $0.1 million was primarily due to the full impairment of KIO-201. This was caused by a strategic decision to stop pursuing partnership opportunities for this program which we had been pursuing since August 2023.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration. The decrease of $2.6 million was primarily driven by the decrease in the fair value of KIO-201 of approximately $0.8 million resulting from the strategic decision to cease further development of the asset and out-licensing opportunities. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, additional disease indications for KIO-301 were added when assessing the probabilities of success of achieving certain milestones contributing $1.5 million of expense.

Other Income, Net. The increase of $33.3 thousand was primarily due to increased net interest income and accrued interest amortization of approximately $0.3 million resulting from funds raised in the first quarter of 2024 offset by the write off of an intangible asset related to the SentrX Agreement of $0.1 million, unrealized losses related to foreign currency activity of $0.1 million, and reimbursement in 2023 related to an insurance claim of $85.0 thousand.

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Comparison of nine months ended, September 30, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	2024			2023		Change
Revenue:
Collaboration Revenue	$	16,000,000		$	—	$	16,000,000
Grant Revenue	20,000			—		20,000
Total Revenue	16,020,000		16,020,000	—		16,020,000
Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative	4,215,411			3,782,596		432,815
Research and Development	3,717,570			2,915,392		802,178
In-Process R&D Impairment	2,008,000			1,904,314		103,686
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(995,951)			1,865,945		(2,861,896)
Total Operating Expenses	8,945,030			10,468,247		(1,523,217)
Other Income, Net	743,265			222,957		520,308
Net Income (Loss)	$	7,818,235		$	(10,245,290)	$	18,063,525

Revenue. The increase of $16.0 million was attributable to the revenue recognized from the upfront payment pursuant the strategic development and commercialization agreement with TOI and from a grant from the Choroideremia Research Foundation.

General and Administrative Expenses. The increase of $0.4 million was driven by increased professional fees of $0.4 million related primarily to accounting and tax advisory related to the strategic development and commercialization agreement with TOI. Additionally, personnel related costs increased $0.2 million related to higher salary and bonus expenses, offset by a reduction in D&O insurance premiums of $0.1 million and rent expense costs related to the closure of the Salt Lake City location of $0.1 million.

Research and Development Expenses. The increase of $0.8 million was primarily due to CMC expenses of $1.6 million, UC licensing payments of $0.7 million, salaries and benefits of $0.2 million, and travel costs of $0.1 million, offset by clinical trial and regulatory activities of $0.8 million, a net reduction in expenses of $1.0 million resulting from a decrease in research tax credits expected from Australian and Austrian government programs of $1.2 million and an increase in expense reimbursement related to the strategic development and commercialization agreement with TOI of $2.2 million.

In-Process R&D Impairment. The increase of $0.1 million was primarily due to the full impairment of KIO-201. This resulted from a strategic decision to stop pursuing partnership opportunities for this program which the Company had been pursuing since August 2023.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration. The decrease of $2.9 million was primarily due to the decrease in the fair value of KIO-201 of approximately $0.8 million resulting from the strategic decision to cease further development of the asset and out-licensing opportunities. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, additional disease indications for KIO-301 were added when assessing the probabilities of success in achieving certain milestones contributing $1.5 million of expense. Lastly, during the fourth quarter of 2023, the KIO-301 Phase 1b milestone payment was made totaling $0.5 million.

Other Income, Net. The increase of $0.5 million was primarily due to increased net interest income of approximately $0.4 million resulting from funds raised in Q1 2024 and accrued interest on short term marketable securities of $0.1 million.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal liquidity needs have historically been for acquisitions, working capital, research and development, and capital expenditures. While we anticipate having sufficient cash to fund currently planned operations into 2027, we will need additional financing to support our future operations as we develop and work toward the commercialization of new products. We will seek to fund our operations through a combination of public or private sales of equity, debt financings, license and development agreements, non-dilutive grants and other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our stockholders will experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, or making capital expenditures. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our products, future revenue streams or product candidates, or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. Although historically we have been successful at raising capital, most recently raising net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million in a private placement offering that closed on February 5, 2024, additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. We do not know if any future offerings will succeed. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We have incurred losses and negative cash flows since inception, and future losses are anticipated. However, based on the cash on hand and short-term investments at September 30, 2024 of approximately $5.6 million and $23.4 million, respectively, we anticipate having sufficient cash to fund currently planned operations into 2027.

Information Regarding Cash Flows

As of September 30, 2024, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $5.6 million and restricted cash totaling $4.5 thousand for a total of $5.6 million compared to $2.5 million at December 31, 2023. The following table sets forth the primary uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	2024		2023
Net Cash Provided By/(Used In) Operating Activities	$	10,811,473	$	(6,975,610)

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	$	(23,145,294)	$	—
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	$	15,498,155	$	6,452,487

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $17.8 million primarily due to the collaboration revenue recognized from the TOI agreement and the timing of research and development activities.

Investing Activities. Net cash used for investing activities increased $23.1 million primarily due to the purchase of marketable securities.

Financing Activities. The increase in cash from financing activities is due to receiving net proceeds of approximately $13.8 million in a private offering that closed on February 5, 2024 and proceeds of $1.7 million from warrant exercises, compared to net proceeds of approximately $0.4 million from equity line of credit share purchases and $5.6 million from a public offering that closed on June 6, 2023.

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Funding Requirements and Other Liquidity Matters

Our product pipeline is still in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially if and as we:

•seek partnerships for our KIO-101 product to continue its development activities;

•seek marketing approval for our KIO-301 product outside of the territory already partnered with TOI;

•seek marketing approval for our KIO-104 product or any other products that we successfully develop;

•establish a sales and marketing infrastructure to commercialize our KIO-301 product outside of the territory already partnered with TOI;

•establish a sales and marketing infrastructure to commercialize our KIO-104 product, if approved; and

•add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and future commercialization efforts.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances, grants and licensing arrangements. We do not have any committed external source of funds. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of holders of common stock. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical partners, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, including our KIO-301 (outside of the territory already partnered with TOI), KIO-101, and KIO-104 products, on terms that may not be favorable to us. We have currently paused development work on KIO-101 and are seeking partnership for any further development of those programs. For our active programs, if we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market KIO-301 outside of the territory already partnered with TOI and KIO-104 products, or any other products that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Based on our cash on hand and short-term investments at September 30, 2024, we believe that we will have sufficient cash to fund planned operations into 2027. However, the acceleration or reduction of cash outflows by management can significantly impact the timing for raising additional capital to complete development of our products. To continue development, we will need to raise additional capital through debt and/or equity financing, grants and other arrangements. Although historically we have been successful at raising capital, additional capital may not be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. We do not know if any future offerings will succeed. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that management will be successful in these endeavors. Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Other

For information regarding Commitments and Contingencies, refer to Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Part 1, Item 1. Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion of operating results is based upon the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The preparation of these statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our critical accounting policies and significant judgement and estimates are detailed in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

As of September 30, 2024, we have no material changes from such disclosures other than expansion of our revenue recognition accounting policies which are disclosed in more detail in Part 1, Item 1. Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1. Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in the Notes to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Part 4, Item 16. Form 10-K Summary of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for detailed information regarding the status of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

This Report includes the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer (who is our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (who is our principal financial and accounting officer) required by Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2. This Item 4 includes information concerning the controls and control evaluations referred to in those certifications.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on the Form 10-Q, the Company’s Management, under the supervision of, and with the participation of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation described above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that they believe that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Accounting and Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2024 that were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

While we are not currently a party to any legal proceedings as of September 30, 2024, from time to time we may be a party to a variety of legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, each of which is incorporated herein by reference and which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described herein and in those filings are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. We do not believe that there have been any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Purchase of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any of our registered equity securities during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

No officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the period ended September 30, 2024.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Date: November 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Brian M. Strem, Ph.D.
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal executive officer)

Date: November 8, 2024	By:	/s/ Melissa Tosca
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal financial and accounting officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Where such filing is made by incorporation by reference to a previously filed document, such document is identified.


Exhibit Number						Description of Exhibit

31.1						Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2						Certification of principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*						Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*						Certification of principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

______________________________

* This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act.

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification

I, Brian M. Strem, Ph.D., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2024


			/s/ Brian M. Strem, Ph.D.
			Brian M. Strem, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal executive officer)

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification

I, Melissa Tosca, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 8, 2024


			/s/ Melissa Tosca
			Melissa Tosca Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal financial and accounting officer)

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned officer of Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies to his knowledge that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”) to which this certification is being furnished as an exhibit, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K (“Item 601(b)(32)”) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Exchange Act. In accordance with clause (ii) of Item 601(b)(32), this certification (A) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and (B) shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Date: November 8, 2024


			/s/ Brian M. Strem, Ph.D.
			Brian M. Strem, Ph.D. President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal executive officer)

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

The undersigned officer of Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies to her knowledge that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”) to which this certification is being furnished as an exhibit, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K (“Item 601(b)(32)”) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Exchange Act. In accordance with clause (ii) of Item 601(b)(32), this certification (A) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and (B) shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

Date: November 8, 2024


			/s/ Melissa Tosca
			Melissa Tosca Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal financial and accounting officer)

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 06, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36672
Entity Registrant Name	KIORA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	98-0443284
Entity Address, Address Line One	332 Encinitas Blvd.
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 102
Entity Address, City or Town	Encinitas
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92024
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	224-9600
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	KPRX
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,000,788
Entity Central Index Key	0001372514
Document Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 5,637,019	$ 2,454,684
Short-Term Investments	23,398,016	0
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	470,424	233,382
Collaboration Receivables	1,783,472	0
Tax and Other Receivables	363,706	2,049,965
Total Current Assets	31,652,637	4,738,031
Non-Current Assets:
Property and Equipment, Net	62,609	8,065
Restricted Cash	4,520	4,267
Intangible Assets and In-Process R&D, Net	6,687,100	8,813,850
Operating Lease Assets with Right-of-Use	72,637	106,890
Other Assets	29,851	40,767
Total Assets	38,509,354	13,711,870
Current Liabilities:
Accounts Payable	660,415	206,260
Accrued Expenses	1,714,211	1,380,666
Accrued Collaboration Credit	1,119,591	0
Operating Lease Liabilities	33,447	47,069
Total Current Liabilities	3,527,664	1,633,995
Non-Current Liabilities:
Contingent Consideration	4,133,008	5,128,959
Deferred Tax Liability	779,440	779,440
Operating Lease Liabilities	39,190	59,822
Total Non-Current Liabilities	4,951,638	5,968,221
Total Liabilities	8,479,302	7,602,216
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred Stock	4	4
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value: 150,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized; 3,000,788 and 856,182 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	267,679	77,078
Additional Paid-In Capital	168,996,195	153,192,228
Accumulated Deficit	(139,158,620)	(146,976,855)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(75,206)	(182,801)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	30,030,052	6,109,654
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 38,509,354	$ 13,711,870

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares, issued (in shares)	3,000,788	856,182
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	3,000,788	856,182
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	3,750	3,750
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series B Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series C Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	10,000	10,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series D Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	20,000	20,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	7	7
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	7	7
Series E Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	1,280	1,280
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Preferred stock designated shares (in shares)	3,908	3,908
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	420	420
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	420	420

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue:
Collaboration Revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 16,000,000	$ 0
Grant Revenue	0	0	20,000	0
Total Revenue	0	0	16,020,000	0
Operating Expenses:
General and Administrative	1,380,997	1,415,844	4,215,411	3,782,596
Research and Development	1,317,231	1,085,010	3,717,570	2,915,392
In-Process R&D Impairment	2,008,000	1,904,314	2,008,000	1,904,314
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(1,103,991)	1,513,400	(995,951)	1,865,945
Total Operating Expenses	3,602,237	5,918,568	8,945,030	10,468,247
Operating Income (Loss)	(3,602,237)	(5,918,568)	7,074,970	(10,468,247)
Other Income (Expense), Net:
Interest Income, Net	248,840	49,912	813,989	128,464
Other Income (Expense), Net	(59,929)	105,715	(70,724)	94,493
Total Other Income, Net	188,911	155,627	743,265	222,957
Net Income (Loss)	(3,413,326)	(5,762,941)	7,818,235	(10,245,290)
Deemed Dividends from Warrant Reset Provision	0	(530,985)	0	(530,985)
Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders, basic	(3,413,326)	(6,293,926)	7,818,235	(10,776,275)
Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders, diluted	$ (3,413,326)	$ (6,293,926)	$ 7,818,235	$ (10,776,275)
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share - Basic (in usd per share)	$ (0.81)	$ (7.30)	$ 2.08	$ (23.35)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic (in shares)	4,214,950	789,656	3,757,467	438,687
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share - Diluted (in usd per share)	$ (0.81)	$ (7.30)	$ 1.91	$ (23.35)
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted (in shares)	4,214,950	789,656	4,092,880	438,687
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Net Income (Loss)	$ (3,413,326)	$ (5,762,941)	$ 7,818,235	$ (10,245,290)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	76,435	0	73,607	0
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	94,094	(40,310)	33,988	(83,430)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)	$ (3,242,797)	$ (5,803,251)	$ 7,925,830	$ (10,328,720)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Public Offering	Private Placement	Equity Line Of Credit	Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Public Offering	Common Stock	Common Stock Public Offering	Common Stock Private Placement	Common Stock Equity Line Of Credit	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital Public Offering	Additional Paid-In Capital Private Placement	Additional Paid-In Capital Equity Line Of Credit	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022					7		199,608
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 11,407,600				$ 0		$ 17,986				$ 146,035,314				$ (134,462,959)	$ (182,741)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-Based Compensation	572,600										572,600
Issuance of common stock (in shares)						3,908		244,181	5,866	13,889
Issuance of Common Stock		$ 5,595,962	$ 115,715	$ 442,312		$ 39		$ 21,976	$ 528	$ 1,250		$ 5,573,947	$ 115,187	$ 441,062
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)							5,556
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises	298,500						$ 500				298,000
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock (in shares)					(3,488)		352,288
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock	0				$ (34)		$ 31,707				(31,673)
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)							32,972
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	0						$ 2,968				(2,968)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	0
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	(83,430)															(83,430)
Net Income (Loss)	(10,245,290)														(10,245,290)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					427		854,360
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	8,103,969				$ 5		$ 76,915				153,001,469				(144,708,249)	(266,171)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					957		767,858
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	13,642,355				$ 10		$ 69,129				152,744,385				(138,945,308)	(225,861)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-Based Compensation	264,865										264,865
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock (in shares)					(530)		53,530
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock	0				$ (5)		$ 4,818				(4,813)
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)							32,972
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	0						$ 2,968				(2,968)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	0
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	(40,310)															(40,310)
Net Income (Loss)	(5,762,941)														(5,762,941)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					427		854,360
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	8,103,969				$ 5		$ 76,915				153,001,469				(144,708,249)	(266,171)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023					427		856,182
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	6,109,654				$ 4		$ 77,078				153,192,228				(146,976,855)	(182,801)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-Based Compensation	496,413										496,413
Issuance of common stock (in shares)							1,755,556
Issuance of Common Stock	13,808,816						$ 158,000				13,650,816
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)							358,831
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises	1,689,339						$ 32,295				1,657,044
Adjustments Due to the Rounding Impact from the Reverse Stock Split for Fractional Shares (in shares)							(385)
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)							30,604
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	0						$ 306				(306)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	73,607															73,607
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	33,988															33,988
Net Income (Loss)	7,818,235														7,818,235
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					427		3,000,788
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	30,030,052				$ 4		$ 267,679				168,996,195				(139,158,620)	(75,206)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024					427		2,970,545
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2024	33,101,673				$ 4		$ 267,373				168,825,325				(135,745,294)	(245,735)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-Based Compensation	171,176										171,176
Adjustments Due to the Rounding Impact from the Reverse Stock Split for Fractional Shares (in shares)							(361)
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards (in shares)							30,604
Issuance of Common Stock from Restricted Stock Awards	0						$ 306				(306)
Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities	76,435															76,435
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment	94,094															94,094
Net Income (Loss)	(3,413,326)														(3,413,326)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					427		3,000,788
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 30,030,052				$ 4		$ 267,679				$ 168,996,195				$ (139,158,620)	$ (75,206)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Public Offering
Offering costs		$ 729,038
Private Placement
Offering costs	$ 1,200,000	$ 84,285

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss)	$ 7,818,235	$ (10,245,290)
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities:
Depreciation and Amortization of Intangible Assets	13,293	43,863
Impairment of Intangible Assets	104,167	0
Reduction of Right-of-Use Assets	35,027	98,073
Stock-Based Compensation	496,413	572,600
In-Process R&D Impairment	2,008,000	1,904,314
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration	(995,951)	1,865,945
Accretion of Discount on Marketable Securities	(206,457)	0
Change in Accrued Interest on Marketable Securities	(21,960)	0
Net Realized Gain on Marketable Securities	(1,987)	0
Change in Unrealized (Gain) Loss on Cash Equivalents	3	0
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	(250,169)	98,854
Collaboration Receivables	(1,783,472)	0
Tax Receivables	2,850,144	(18,996)
Other Assets	11,065	939
Accounts Payable	450,982	(848,651)
Accrued Expenses	319,166	(360,398)
Operating Lease Liabilities	(35,026)	(86,863)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	10,811,473	(6,975,610)
Investing Activities:
Purchase of Property and Equipment	(51,287)	0
Purchases of Marketable Securities	(29,093,868)	0
Sales of Marketable Securities	150,000	0
Maturities of Marketable Securities	5,849,861	0
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(23,145,294)	0
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs	0	442,310
Gross Proceeds from Private Placement	14,998,865	200,000
Exercise of Warrants	1,689,339	298,500
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	15,498,155	6,452,487
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	18,254	(86,164)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	3,182,588	(609,287)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period	2,458,951	6,013,816
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Period	5,641,539	5,404,529
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Operating and Financing Activities
Conversion of Preferred Stock into Common Stock	0	31,707
Grant of Restricted Stock Awards	306	2,968
Public Offering
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs	0	6,325,000
Issuance Costs	0	(729,038)
Equity Line Of Credit
Financing Activities:
Issuance Costs	$ (1,190,049)	$ (84,285)

Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Overview Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Kiora” or the “Company”) was formed as a Delaware corporation on December 28, 2004. Kiora is a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company developing and commercializing therapies for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Since its inception, Kiora has devoted substantially all its efforts to business planning, research and development, and raising capital. Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. We believe that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes previously included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 25, 2024. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements of the Company but does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new standard requires a company to disclose incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, including significant segment expenses and measures of profit or loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal year 2024 and interim periods within fiscal year 2025, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense captions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2024-03 may have on its disclosures in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Liquidity and Capital Resources At September 30, 2024, the Company had unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents of $5.6 million and Short-term Investments of $23.4 million, and an Accumulated Deficit of $139.2 million. Kiora has incurred annual losses and negative cash flows since inception, and future losses are anticipated. However, Management believes that the Company's capital resources as of September 30, 2024 will be sufficient to fund the Company's planned operations for at least 12 months after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Significant Accounting Policies Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking accounts, savings accounts, money market funds, and marketable securities with maturities of 3 months or less when acquired. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates fair value. Short-Term Investments Short-term investments primarily consist of treasuries, corporate debt securities, and government and agency securities. The Company has classified these investments as available-for-sale securities, as the sale of such investments may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies, and therefore has classified all investments with maturity dates beyond three months at the date of purchase as current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Any premium or discount arising at purchase is amortized and/or accreted to interest income as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method over the life of the instrument. Investments are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity until realized. Allowance for Credit Losses For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. For available-for-sale securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the severity of the impairment, any changes in interest rates, market conditions, changes to the underlying credit ratings and forecasted recovery, among other factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in interest income through an allowance account. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company excludes the applicable accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of available-for-sale securities for purposes of identifying and measuring an impairment. Accrued interest receivable on investment securities is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s accounting policy is to not measure an allowance for credit loss for accrued interest receivable and to write-off any uncollectible accrued interest receivable as a reversal of interest income in a timely manner, which is considered to be in the period in which it is determined the accrued interest will not be collected. Revenue Recognition In accordance with FASB’s ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, it performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it determines that it is probable it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. In a contract with multiple performance obligations, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price(s) may include estimates regarding forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. We evaluate each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Any change made to estimated progress towards completion of a performance obligation and, therefore, revenue recognized will be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recognized as deferred revenue in the Company’s balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as the current portion of deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, net of current portion. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a deferred revenue balance. Collaboration Revenue If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in a contract, the Company recognizes revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from the allocated transaction price. The Company evaluates the measure of progress at each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue or expense recognition as a change in estimate. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of milestones that are within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as operational development milestones and any related constraint, and, if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which will affect collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revisions to the Company's estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and a license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied, or partially satisfied. In January 2024, the Company entered into a strategic development and commercialization agreement ("License Agreement") with Théa Open Innovation ("TOI"), a sister company of the global ophthalmic specialty company Laboratoires Théa ("Théa"). Under the agreement, the Company granted TOI exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights, excluding certain countries in Asia, to KIO-301 for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases (the "License"). The Company concluded that the Licensing Agreement contains one material performance obligation, the License. The transaction price includes the upfront, non-refundable payment of $16.0 million (the "License Access Fee"). The Company did not include any development or regulatory milestones in the transaction price because it is probable that changes in the estimate of receiving those milestones would result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, due to the inherent risks and uncertainties in the drug development process. The sales-based milestones and royalties are not included in the transaction price per ASC 606-10-32-11 and ASC 606-10-55-65. There is no financing component in the License Agreement. The initial transaction price will be allocated to the one performance obligation identified (i.e., the License), which was transferred to TOI at the execution of the License Agreement and the entire $16.0 million transaction price was recognized in the first quarter of 2024 upon the satisfaction of the license performance obligations. Variable components of consideration related to development and regulatory milestones, commercial milestones, and royalties will be allocated to the transaction price if and when they occur. When it is probable that including milestones in the transaction price will not result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, the Company will recognize the revenue for the milestones immediately since the license performance obligation to which the milestones relate has already been fully satisfied when the change in estimate of the variable consideration occurs. Since the reimbursement for the development activities clearly relates to those activities and are accounted for under ASC 808, the Company will recognize those amounts that are due from TOI as contra-R&D expense. The License Access Fee was earned at a point in time (first quarter of 2024) and, as a result, the associated contract costs specifically, sublicense fees, were expensed at the same point in time (first quarter of 2024). All further revenue sources that may lead to sublicense fee payments will not be recognized until earned. As such, sublicense fees will be expensed in the same period as the revenue of the respective milestone or royalties are earned. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information. Collaboration Agreements The Company has entered into a research agreement that falls under the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements. Reimbursements from a collaboration partner are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Similarly, amounts that are owed to a collaboration partner are recognized as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Refunds for Research and Development Kiora, through its Kiora Pharmaceuticals GmbH and Kiora Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd subsidiaries, is entitled to receive refundable tax incentives associated with certain eligible research and development expenses in Austria and Australia, respectively. These refunds are realized in the form of a cash payment in the year following the incurred research and development expenses and the filing of required documents within the appropriate regulatory authorities. The Company records estimates of the refundable payment as a tax receivable and a reduction in research and development expense in the period in which the research and development expenses are incurred. In-Process Research and Development The Company records in-process R&D projects acquired in asset acquisitions that have not reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use. For in-process R&D projects acquired in business combinations, the Company capitalizes the in-process R&D project as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and evaluates this asset at least annually for impairment until the R&D process has been completed. Once the R&D process is complete, the Company amortizes the R&D asset over its remaining useful life. The Company performed an annual evaluation of its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of August 31, 2024 with a quantitative analysis using the Income Approach. As of August 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the KIO-201 assets was less than their carrying value due to the strategic decision to cease all future development. Accordingly, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $2.0 million which is shown in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the line In-process R&D Impairment. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was $6.7 million and $8.7 million, respectively, of in-process R&D as part of intangible assets and in-process R&D, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Reverse Stock Split On June 6, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a one-for-nine ("1-for-9") reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. The Amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 1, 2024, and by the Company’s board of directors. The amendment became effective on June 11, 2024, the effective date of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split proportionally adjusted all shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and shares of common stock underlying outstanding options and warrants immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment. As a result of the reverse stock split, proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and/or the number of shares issuable upon the exercise or vesting of all warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards issued by the Company and outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment, which resulted in a proportionate decrease in the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise or vesting of such warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards, and, in the case of warrants and stock options, a proportionate increase in the exercise price of all such warrants and stock options. In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment was reduced proportionately. The reverse stock split did not affect the number of shares or par value of common stock authorized for issuance under the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which remained at 150,000,000 shares. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the reverse stock split. Stockholders of record who would otherwise have been entitled to receive a fractional share received a cash payment in lieu thereof. The reverse stock split affected all stockholders proportionately and did not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership of the Company’s common stock (except to the extent that the reverse stock split results in stockholders owning fractional shares). As a result of the reverse stock split, the number of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock as of June 11, 2024 decreased from 26,735,116 (pre-split) shares to 2,970,545 (post-split) shares. All share and per share amounts in the accompanying financial statements and related footnotes have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split as if it had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. While the number of warrants outstanding did not change, the underlying shares did and are presented reflecting the split. The Company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on June 11, 2024.

Balance Sheet Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

A summary of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5,637,019	$	2,454,684
Restricted Cash, Non-current	4,520		4,267
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	5,641,539	$	2,458,951

Non-current restricted cash consists of deposits with financial institutions for corporate credit cards.

Short-term Investments

The following table summarizes short-term investments as of September 30, 2024. There were no short-term investments as of December 31, 2023:


			Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Estimated Fair Value
US Treasuries	$	143,661	$	154	$	—	$	143,815
Government Agency Securities	18,436,082		54,100		(1,563)		18,488,619
Corporate Debt Securities	4,444,433		18,816		(357)		4,462,892
Asset Backed Securities	300,235		2,455		—		302,690
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	75,525	$	(1,920)	$	23,398,016

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's short-term investments at September 30, 2024:


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	20,490,004	$	20,545,614
Due in one to five years	2,834,407		2,852,402
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	23,398,016


	Less than 12 months
	Count	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Government Agency Securities	3	1,690,344		(1,563)
Corporate Debt Securities	4	322,517		(357)

Total	7	$	2,012,861	$	(1,920)

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Prepaid Research and Development	$	294,642	$	23,066
Prepaid General and Administrative	88,393		73,109
Prepaid Insurance	87,389		123,807
Other	—		13,400
Total Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$	470,424	$	233,382

Tax and Other Receivables

Tax and other receivables consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research Tax Credits	$	223,063	$	1,899,880
Other Tax Receivables	140,643		150,085


Total Tax and Other Receivables	$	363,706	$	2,049,965

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and Benefits	$	1,030,630	$	875,254
Professional Fees	123,318		43,387
Clinical Trials	403,204		397,465
Taxes	150,003		—
Other	7,056		64,560
Total Accrued Expenses	$	1,714,211	$	1,380,666

Fair Value Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of September 30, 2024
Cash Equivalents:
Money Market Funds	$	1,610,903	$	1,610,903	$	—	$	—
US Treasury Securities	57,825		—		57,825		—
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	$	1,668,728	$	1,610,903	$	57,825	$	—

Short-term Investments:
US Treasury Securities	$	143,815	$	—	$	143,815	$	—
Government Agency Securities	18,488,619		—		18,488,619		—
Corporate Debt Securities	4,462,892		—		4,462,892		—
Asset Backed Securities	302,690		—		302,690		—
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	$	23,398,016	$	—	$	23,398,016	$	—

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	$	25,066,744	$	1,610,903	$	23,455,841	$	—


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration:

Non-current	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959
Total Contingent Consideration	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959


	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Discounted cash flow	Payment discount rate	14.4	%	13.1	%
Bayon		Payment period	2027 - 2029		2025 - 2027
Panoptes		Payment period	2027 - 2028		2026 - 2028
Bayon		Probability of success for payment	48% - 77%		42% - 71%
Panoptes		Probability of success for payment	30% - 33%		30% - 33%

The Company engaged a third-party valuation firm to complete a quantitative assessment of in-process R&D as of August 31, 2024, which includes the following unobservable Level 3 inputs:

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Discount Rate

KIO-104

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

17% to 36%

KIO-301

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

23% to 43%

Capital Stock	9 Months Ended
Capital Stock	Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Capital Stock	Capital Stock All amounts of shares of common stock in the transactions described below have been adjusted to reflect post Amendment adjusted shares of common stock of the Company. On May 1, 2024, the Company held its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Annual Meeting") where the Company's stockholders voted to approve various proposals including (i) adoption of a new Equity Incentive Plan, the "2024 Equity Incentive Plan", (ii) an amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 150,000,000, which the Company filed with the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware on May 1, 2024 and (iii) the approval, as contemplated by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635, of the issuance of up to 5,486,066 shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants issued in the private placement that closed on February 5, 2024. On January 31, 2024, the Company entered into a private placement agreement with Maxim Group LLC serving as placement agent for 1,755,556 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,261,582 shares of common stock, and accompanying Tranche A and Tranche B warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,486,066 shares of common stock. The total net proceeds from the private placement were approximately $13.8 million. The Tranche A warrants are exercisable for up to 2,743,033 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.4684 per share for an aggregate of up to approximately $15.0 million and will expire at the earlier of (i) 30 days following the announcement of full data (expected in 2026) from the Company's Phase 2 clinical trial (ABACUS-2) of KIO-301 in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and the daily VWAP of the Company's common stock equaling or exceeding $9.9432 per share for 30 consecutive trading days following the announcement and (ii) five years from the date of shareholder approval of the warrants. The Tranche B warrants are exercisable for up to 2,743,033 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.4684 per share for an aggregate of up to approximately $15.0 million and will expire at the earlier of (i) 30 days following the announcement of topline data (expected in 2026) from the planned Phase 2 trial of KIO-104 in retinal inflammation and the daily VWAP of the Company's common stock equaling or exceeding $12.4290 per share for 30 consecutive trading days following the announcement and (ii) five years from the date of shareholder approval of the warrants. During June 2023, 329 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 298,758 shares of common stock. During July and August 2023, 59 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock were converted into 53,530 shares of common stock. On March 30, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to issue and sell stock and warrants in a public offering. On June 6, 2023, the public offering closed, and the Company issued and sold (i) 244,181 shares of common stock (including 83,333 shares of common stock sold pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option), (ii) 434 shares of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock convertible into up to 3,552,372 shares of common stock, (iii) 638,889 Class C Warrants (including 83,333 Class C Warrants sold pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option), and (iv) 638,889 Class D Warrants (including 83,333 Class D Warrants sold pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option). The public offering price of $9.90 per share of common stock, Class C Warrant and Class D Warrant, and $8,999 per share of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, 101 Class C Warrants and 101 Class D Warrants, resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $5.6 million net of underwriting discount and commissions of $0.5 million and other expenses of $0.2 million. On June 6, 2023, the underwriter fully exercised the over-allotment option granted by the Company to purchase stock and warrants. Each Class C Warrant and Class D Warrant is exercisable at a price per share of common stock of $9.90. The Class C Warrants will expire on June 6, 2028 and the Class D Warrants expired on June 6, 2024. The exercise prices of the warrants are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. In addition, on August 7, 2023, the first business day after the 60th calendar day immediately following the initial exercise day, the exercise price of the warrants was reduced to $4.7079 per share pursuant to the reset provision which stated that the warrants would be reduced to the lesser of (i) the exercise price then in effect and (ii) 90% of the average of the volume weighted average price of the Company's common stock for the five (5) trading day period immediately prior to the reset date. In accordance with ASU 2021-04, the warrant reset of the exercise price was evaluated as a modification of equity-classified written call options. Modifications or exchanges that are not related to debt or equity financings, compensation for goods or services, or other exchange transactions within the scope of other guidance should be recognized as a dividend consistent with ASC 815-40-35-17(d). The dividend amount is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified or exchanged instrument over the fair value of that instrument immediately before it is modified or exchanged in accordance with ASC 815-40-35-16. The Company considered the guidance in paragraphs 815-40-35-14 through 35-17 and determined that the circumstances of the warrant modification indicate that the modification is executed separate from a new equity offering, debt origination or debt modification. As such, on August 7, 2023, the date on which the modification became effective, the incremental change in the fair value of the 1,277,778 outstanding warrants was recognized as a deemed dividend totaling $0.5 million that increases net loss attributable to common stockholders in accordance with paragraph 815-40-35-17(d) and ASC 260-10-45-15. During November 2023, 911 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class C Warrants and 911 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class D Warrants for $8.6 thousand in aggregate exercise proceeds. In February 2024, 101,684 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Class C Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.4 million. Additionally, 203,934 shares of common stock were issued upon exercise of Class D Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $1.0 million. During June 2024, 53,213 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of Class D Warrants at $4.7079 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.3 million. On February 3, 2023, the Company completed a private placement with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC ("Lincoln Park") for 5,866 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 11,733 shares of common stock. The total net proceeds from the private placement were approximately $0.1 million. The warrants have an exercise price of $31.842 per share, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of the warrants, and became exercisable on the six-month anniversary of the closing date. The warrants are exercisable for five years from the issuance date. On February 3, 2023, the Company also entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from the Company up to an aggregate of $10.0 million of common stock (subject to certain limitations), from time to time and at the Company's sole discretion over the term of the purchase agreement. On February 22, 2023, the Company completed its first issuance under this agreement for a total of 2,222 shares sold to Lincoln Park for proceeds of $0.1 million. In April 2023, the Company completed additional issuances for a total of 11,667 shares sold to Lincoln Park for proceeds of $0.3 million. On January 31, 2024, the Company terminated the purchase agreement with Lincoln Park. During February 2023, 5,556 shares were issued upon the exercise of inducement warrants issued in November 2022.

Warrants

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Warrants

Warrants

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the Company’s equity-classified warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Common Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Outstanding Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,451,589	$	25.21	2.43
Issued	6,747,648	$	4.45	4.77
Exercised	(358,831)	$	4.71
Expired	(380,831)	$	4.71
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	7,459,575	$	7.76	5.08

Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted


	2024	2023
Common Stock Warrants, Excluding Pre-funded Warrants	6,197,993	1,453,411
Employee Stock Options	162,320	92,425
Restricted Stock	47,601	26,443
Preferred Stock, as Converted into Common Stock	42,426	42,426
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	451,926	18,388
Total	6,902,266	1,633,093

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

Stock-based compensation expense is presented in the same expense line items as cash compensation paid and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and Development	$	98,292	$	118,439	$	286,955	$	249,352
General and Administrative	72,884		146,426		209,458		323,248
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$	171,176	$	264,865	$	496,413	$	572,600

Stock Options


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.44	%	4.54	%
Expected Life (years)	6		5.52
Expected Stock Price Volatility	140	%	141	%
Expected Dividend Yield	—	%	—	%

Following is a summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	90,382	$	41.43	9.29
Granted	74,137	$	4.35
Expired	(426)	$	1,202.15
Forfeited	(1,773)	$	7.04
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	162,320	$	21.83	9.24
Exercisable and vested at September 30, 2024	48,671	$	56.79	8.75

Restricted Stock Awards


	Number of Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Non-vested Outstanding at December 31, 2023	25,493	$	14.75	2.57
Awarded	30,604	$	4.35
Released	(7,717)	$	11.50
Forfeited	(779)	$	15.59
Non-vested Outstanding at September 30, 2024	47,601	$	8.58	2.41

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Future annual minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Years Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining months)	$	13,541
2025	27,762
2026	14,562
2027	14,562
2028	11,528
Total Lease Liabilities	81,955
Less Amounts Representing Interest	(9,318)
Total	72,637
Less Current Portion	(33,447)
	$	39,190

License and Exclusive Rights Agreements

Agreements Terminated or Settled Within the Quarter

Grant Funding

Contingent Consideration


	Maximum Obligation per Agreements		Current Fair Value Estimated
Bayon	$	7,135,000	$	2,177,467
Panoptes	9,500,000		1,955,541
	$	16,635,000	$	4,133,008

Other

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Sep. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events In October 2024, an investor notified the Company of their intention to abandon 1,206 warrants that were issued in August 2021 with an original expiration in February 2027. In October 2024, the Company announced that it received regulatory approval to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial to investigate KIO-301 for vision restoration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The ABACUS-2 trial is expected be a 36 patient, multi-center, double-masked, randomized, controlled, multiple dose study enrolling patients with ultra-low vision or no light perception regardless of their underlying gene mutation associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Dosing of the first patient with KIO-301 is expected to begin in the first half of 2025 following validation of novel functional vision endpoints. These functional assessments may serve as approvable primary endpoints in subsequent registration studies in the United States, Europe and other major regions.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (3,413,326)	$ (5,762,941)	$ 7,818,235	$ (10,245,290)

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Unaudited Interim Financial Information	Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. We believe that the disclosures provided herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading when these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes previously included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 25, 2024. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements of the Company but does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy	Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The new standard requires a company to disclose incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, including significant segment expenses and measures of profit or loss that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). The standard is effective for us beginning in fiscal year 2024 and interim periods within fiscal year 2025, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively upon adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 may have on its condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense captions. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2024-03 may have on its disclosures in its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption	Liquidity and Capital Resources At September 30, 2024, the Company had unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents of $5.6 million and Short-term Investments of $23.4 million, and an Accumulated Deficit of $139.2 million. Kiora has incurred annual losses and negative cash flows since inception, and future losses are anticipated. However, Management believes that the Company's capital resources as of September 30, 2024 will be sufficient to fund the Company's planned operations for at least 12 months after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking accounts, savings accounts, money market funds, and marketable securities with maturities of 3 months or less when acquired. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates fair value.
Short-Term Investments	Short-Term Investments Short-term investments primarily consist of treasuries, corporate debt securities, and government and agency securities. The Company has classified these investments as available-for-sale securities, as the sale of such investments may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies, and therefore has classified all investments with maturity dates beyond three months at the date of purchase as current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Any premium or discount arising at purchase is amortized and/or accreted to interest income as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method over the life of the instrument. Investments are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity until realized.
Allowance for Credit Losses	Allowance for Credit Losses For available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. For available-for-sale securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the severity of the impairment, any changes in interest rates, market conditions, changes to the underlying credit ratings and forecasted recovery, among other factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in interest income through an allowance account. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is included in other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company excludes the applicable accrued interest from both the fair value and amortized cost basis of available-for-sale securities for purposes of identifying and measuring an impairment. Accrued interest receivable on investment securities is recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s accounting policy is to not measure an allowance for credit loss for accrued interest receivable and to write-off any uncollectible accrued interest receivable as a reversal of interest income in a timely manner, which is considered to be in the period in which it is determined the accrued interest will not be collected.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition In accordance with FASB’s ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, it performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when it determines that it is probable it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. In a contract with multiple performance obligations, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The estimation of the stand-alone selling price(s) may include estimates regarding forecasted revenues or costs, development timelines, discount rates, and probabilities of technical and regulatory success. We evaluate each performance obligation to determine if it can be satisfied at a point in time or over time. Any change made to estimated progress towards completion of a performance obligation and, therefore, revenue recognized will be recorded as a change in estimate. In addition, variable consideration must be evaluated to determine if it is constrained and, therefore, excluded from the transaction price. Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recognized as deferred revenue in the Company’s balance sheet. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as the current portion of deferred revenue. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the twelve months following the balance sheet date are classified as deferred revenue, net of current portion. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a deferred revenue balance. Collaboration Revenue If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in a contract, the Company recognizes revenues from the transaction price allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from the allocated transaction price. The Company evaluates the measure of progress at each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue or expense recognition as a change in estimate. At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are generally not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. At the end of each reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of milestones that are within the Company's or a collaboration partner’s control, such as operational development milestones and any related constraint, and, if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which will affect collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Revisions to the Company's estimate of the transaction price may also result in negative collaboration revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including commercial milestone payments based on the level of sales, and a license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied, or partially satisfied. In January 2024, the Company entered into a strategic development and commercialization agreement ("License Agreement") with Théa Open Innovation ("TOI"), a sister company of the global ophthalmic specialty company Laboratoires Théa ("Théa"). Under the agreement, the Company granted TOI exclusive worldwide development and commercialization rights, excluding certain countries in Asia, to KIO-301 for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases (the "License"). The Company concluded that the Licensing Agreement contains one material performance obligation, the License. The transaction price includes the upfront, non-refundable payment of $16.0 million (the "License Access Fee"). The Company did not include any development or regulatory milestones in the transaction price because it is probable that changes in the estimate of receiving those milestones would result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, due to the inherent risks and uncertainties in the drug development process. The sales-based milestones and royalties are not included in the transaction price per ASC 606-10-32-11 and ASC 606-10-55-65. There is no financing component in the License Agreement. The initial transaction price will be allocated to the one performance obligation identified (i.e., the License), which was transferred to TOI at the execution of the License Agreement and the entire $16.0 million transaction price was recognized in the first quarter of 2024 upon the satisfaction of the license performance obligations. Variable components of consideration related to development and regulatory milestones, commercial milestones, and royalties will be allocated to the transaction price if and when they occur. When it is probable that including milestones in the transaction price will not result in significant reversals of cumulative revenue in future periods, the Company will recognize the revenue for the milestones immediately since the license performance obligation to which the milestones relate has already been fully satisfied when the change in estimate of the variable consideration occurs. Since the reimbursement for the development activities clearly relates to those activities and are accounted for under ASC 808, the Company will recognize those amounts that are due from TOI as contra-R&D expense. The License Access Fee was earned at a point in time (first quarter of 2024) and, as a result, the associated contract costs specifically, sublicense fees, were expensed at the same point in time (first quarter of 2024). All further revenue sources that may lead to sublicense fee payments will not be recognized until earned. As such, sublicense fees will be expensed in the same period as the revenue of the respective milestone or royalties are earned.
Collaborative Agreements	Collaboration Agreements The Company has entered into a research agreement that falls under the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements. Reimbursements from a collaboration partner are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Similarly, amounts that are owed to a collaboration partner are recognized as research and development expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Refunds for Research and Development	Refunds for Research and Development Kiora, through its Kiora Pharmaceuticals GmbH and Kiora Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd subsidiaries, is entitled to receive refundable tax incentives associated with certain eligible research and development expenses in Austria and Australia, respectively. These refunds are realized in the form of a cash payment in the year following the incurred research and development expenses and the filing of required documents within the appropriate regulatory authorities. The Company records estimates of the refundable payment as a tax receivable and a reduction in research and development expense in the period in which the research and development expenses are incurred.
In-Process Research and Development	In-Process Research and Development The Company records in-process R&D projects acquired in asset acquisitions that have not reached technological feasibility and which have no alternative future use. For in-process R&D projects acquired in business combinations, the Company capitalizes the in-process R&D project as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and evaluates this asset at least annually for impairment until the R&D process has been completed. Once the R&D process is complete, the Company amortizes the R&D asset over its remaining useful life. The Company performed an annual evaluation of its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of August 31, 2024 with a quantitative analysis using the Income Approach.
Reverse Stock Split	Reverse Stock Split On June 6, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a one-for-nine ("1-for-9") reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. The Amendment was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 1, 2024, and by the Company’s board of directors. The amendment became effective on June 11, 2024, the effective date of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split proportionally adjusted all shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and shares of common stock underlying outstanding options and warrants immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment. As a result of the reverse stock split, proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and/or the number of shares issuable upon the exercise or vesting of all warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards issued by the Company and outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment, which resulted in a proportionate decrease in the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise or vesting of such warrants, stock options, and restricted stock awards, and, in the case of warrants and stock options, a proportionate increase in the exercise price of all such warrants and stock options. In addition, the number of shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans immediately prior to the effective date of the Amendment was reduced proportionately. The reverse stock split did not affect the number of shares or par value of common stock authorized for issuance under the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which remained at 150,000,000 shares. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the reverse stock split. Stockholders of record who would otherwise have been entitled to receive a fractional share received a cash payment in lieu thereof. The reverse stock split affected all stockholders proportionately and did not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership of the Company’s common stock (except to the extent that the reverse stock split results in stockholders owning fractional shares). As a result of the reverse stock split, the number of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock as of June 11, 2024 decreased from 26,735,116 (pre-split) shares to 2,970,545 (post-split) shares. All share and per share amounts in the accompanying financial statements and related footnotes have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split as if it had occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented. While the number of warrants outstanding did not change, the underlying shares did and are presented reflecting the split. The Company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a split-adjusted basis when the market opened on June 11, 2024.

Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

A summary of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5,637,019	$	2,454,684
Restricted Cash, Non-current	4,520		4,267
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	5,641,539	$	2,458,951

Schedule of Restricted Cash

A summary of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	5,637,019	$	2,454,684
Restricted Cash, Non-current	4,520		4,267
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$	5,641,539	$	2,458,951

Schedule of Short term Investments

The following table summarizes short-term investments as of September 30, 2024. There were no short-term investments as of December 31, 2023:


			Unrealized
	Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Estimated Fair Value
US Treasuries	$	143,661	$	154	$	—	$	143,815
Government Agency Securities	18,436,082		54,100		(1,563)		18,488,619
Corporate Debt Securities	4,444,433		18,816		(357)		4,462,892
Asset Backed Securities	300,235		2,455		—		302,690
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	75,525	$	(1,920)	$	23,398,016

Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale

The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's short-term investments at September 30, 2024:


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	20,490,004	$	20,545,614
Due in one to five years	2,834,407		2,852,402
Total Short-term Investments	$	23,324,411	$	23,398,016

Schedule of Available-for-Sale Investments Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value


	Less than 12 months
	Count	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Government Agency Securities	3	1,690,344		(1,563)
Corporate Debt Securities	4	322,517		(357)

Total	7	$	2,012,861	$	(1,920)

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Prepaid Research and Development	$	294,642	$	23,066
Prepaid General and Administrative	88,393		73,109
Prepaid Insurance	87,389		123,807
Other	—		13,400
Total Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$	470,424	$	233,382

Schedule of Tax and Other Receivables

Tax and other receivables consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Research Tax Credits	$	223,063	$	1,899,880
Other Tax Receivables	140,643		150,085


Total Tax and Other Receivables	$	363,706	$	2,049,965

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and Benefits	$	1,030,630	$	875,254
Professional Fees	123,318		43,387
Clinical Trials	403,204		397,465
Taxes	150,003		—
Other	7,056		64,560
Total Accrued Expenses	$	1,714,211	$	1,380,666

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis


			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of September 30, 2024
Cash Equivalents:
Money Market Funds	$	1,610,903	$	1,610,903	$	—	$	—
US Treasury Securities	57,825		—		57,825		—
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	$	1,668,728	$	1,610,903	$	57,825	$	—

Short-term Investments:
US Treasury Securities	$	143,815	$	—	$	143,815	$	—
Government Agency Securities	18,488,619		—		18,488,619		—
Corporate Debt Securities	4,462,892		—		4,462,892		—
Asset Backed Securities	302,690		—		302,690		—
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	$	23,398,016	$	—	$	23,398,016	$	—

Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	$	25,066,744	$	1,610,903	$	23,455,841	$	—

Schedule of Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table provides information for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration:

Non-current	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959
Total Contingent Consideration	$	4,133,008	$	5,128,959

Schedule of Unobservable Level 3 Inputs

After the initial valuation, the Company generally uses its best estimate to measure contingent consideration at each subsequent reporting period using the following unobservable Level 3 inputs:


	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Discounted cash flow	Payment discount rate	14.4	%	13.1	%
Bayon		Payment period	2027 - 2029		2025 - 2027
Panoptes		Payment period	2027 - 2028		2026 - 2028
Bayon		Probability of success for payment	48% - 77%		42% - 71%
Panoptes		Probability of success for payment	30% - 33%		30% - 33%

The Company engaged a third-party valuation firm to complete a quantitative assessment of in-process R&D as of August 31, 2024, which includes the following unobservable Level 3 inputs:

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Discount Rate

KIO-104

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

17% to 36%

KIO-301

Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method

Probability of success for next development phase

23% to 43%

Warrants (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Warrants

Schedule of Warrant Activity

The following is a summary of warrant activity for the Company’s equity-classified warrants for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Common Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Outstanding Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	1,451,589	$	25.21	2.43
Issued	6,747,648	$	4.45	4.77
Exercised	(358,831)	$	4.71
Expired	(380,831)	$	4.71
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	7,459,575	$	7.76	5.08

Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Potential Common Stock Equivalents are not Included in the Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following is a summary of potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	2024	2023
Common Stock Warrants, Excluding Pre-funded Warrants	6,197,993	1,453,411
Employee Stock Options	162,320	92,425
Restricted Stock	47,601	26,443
Preferred Stock, as Converted into Common Stock	42,426	42,426
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	451,926	18,388
Total	6,902,266	1,633,093

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is presented in the same expense line items as cash compensation paid and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and Development	$	98,292	$	118,439	$	286,955	$	249,352
General and Administrative	72,884		146,426		209,458		323,248
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$	171,176	$	264,865	$	496,413	$	572,600

Schedule of Weighted Average Assumptions

A summary of the Company’s assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is shown in the following table:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.44	%	4.54	%
Expected Life (years)	6		5.52
Expected Stock Price Volatility	140	%	141	%
Expected Dividend Yield	—	%	—	%

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

Following is a summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	90,382	$	41.43	9.29
Granted	74,137	$	4.35
Expired	(426)	$	1,202.15
Forfeited	(1,773)	$	7.04
Outstanding at September 30, 2024	162,320	$	21.83	9.24
Exercisable and vested at September 30, 2024	48,671	$	56.79	8.75

Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity

The following is a summary of restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Units	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Non-vested Outstanding at December 31, 2023	25,493	$	14.75	2.57
Awarded	30,604	$	4.35
Released	(7,717)	$	11.50
Forfeited	(779)	$	15.59
Non-vested Outstanding at September 30, 2024	47,601	$	8.58	2.41

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Annual Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-Cancellable Operating Leases

Future annual minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Years Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining months)	$	13,541
2025	27,762
2026	14,562
2027	14,562
2028	11,528
Total Lease Liabilities	81,955
Less Amounts Representing Interest	(9,318)
Total	72,637
Less Current Portion	(33,447)
	$	39,190

Schedule of Maximum Obligation Payments Per Respective Agreements and Estimated Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

Below are the maximum obligation payments per the respective agreements and estimated fair value of contingent consideration payments remaining as of September 30, 2024.


	Maximum Obligation per Agreements		Current Fair Value Estimated
Bayon	$	7,135,000	$	2,177,467
Panoptes	9,500,000		1,955,541
	$	16,635,000	$	4,133,008

Business, Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 11, 2024 shares	Jan. 31, 2024 performance_obligation	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 10, 2024 shares	May 01, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents				$ 5,637,019			$ 5,637,019				$ 2,454,684
Short-Term Investments				23,398,016			23,398,016				0
Accumulated deficit				(139,158,620)			(139,158,620)				$ (146,976,855)
Number of performance obligations \| performance_obligation			1
Proceeds from collaborators					$ 16,000,000
In-Process R&D Impairment	$ 2,000,000			$ 2,008,000		$ 1,904,314	$ 2,008,000	$ 1,904,314
Reverse stock split, conversion ratio		0.111111111111111
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) \| shares		150,000,000		150,000,000			150,000,000			150,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares) \| shares		2,970,545		3,000,788			3,000,788		26,735,116		856,182
In Process Research and Development
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
In-Process R&D				$ 6,700,000			$ 6,700,000				$ 8,700,000

Balance Sheet Information - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 5,637,019	$ 2,454,684
Restricted Cash, Non-current	4,520	4,267
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	$ 5,641,539	$ 2,458,951	$ 5,404,529	$ 6,013,816

Balance Sheet Information - Short-term Investments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 23,324,411
Unrealized Gains	75,525
Unrealized Losses	(1,920)
Estimated Fair Value	23,398,016
US Treasuries
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	143,661
Unrealized Gains	154
Unrealized Losses	0
Estimated Fair Value	143,815
Government Agency Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	18,436,082
Unrealized Gains	54,100
Unrealized Losses	(1,563)
Estimated Fair Value	18,488,619
Corporate Debt Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	4,444,433
Unrealized Gains	18,816
Unrealized Losses	(357)
Estimated Fair Value	4,462,892
Asset Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	300,235
Unrealized Gains	2,455
Unrealized Losses	0
Estimated Fair Value	$ 302,690

Balance Sheet Information - Maturities of Short-term Investments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	$ 20,490,004
Due in one to five years	2,834,407
Amortized Cost	23,324,411
Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	20,545,614
Due in one to five years	2,852,402
Estimated Fair Value	$ 23,398,016

Balance Sheet Information - Available-for-Sale Investments Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) count
Count
Count \| count	7
Fair Value
Fair Value	$ 2,012,861
Unrealized Losses
Unrealized Losses	$ (1,920)
Government Agency Securities
Count
Count \| count	3
Fair Value
Fair Value	$ 1,690,344
Unrealized Losses
Unrealized Losses	$ (1,563)
Corporate Debt Securities
Count
Count \| count	4
Fair Value
Fair Value	$ 322,517
Unrealized Losses
Unrealized Losses	$ (357)

Balance Sheet Information - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Prepaid Expense, Current [Abstract]
Prepaid Research and Development	$ 294,642	$ 23,066
Prepaid General and Administrative	88,393	73,109
Prepaid Insurance	87,389	123,807
Other	0	13,400
Total Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	$ 470,424	$ 233,382

Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Tax and Other Receivables (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Research Tax Credits	$ 223,063	$ 1,899,880
Other Tax Receivables	140,643	150,085
Total Tax and Other Receivables	$ 363,706	$ 2,049,965

Balance Sheet Information - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Payroll and Benefits	$ 1,030,630	$ 875,254
Professional Fees	123,318	43,387
Clinical Trials	403,204	397,465
Taxes	150,003	0
Other	7,056	64,560
Total Accrued Expenses	$ 1,714,211	$ 1,380,666

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets at Fair Value (Details) - Recurring	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	$ 1,668,728
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	23,398,016
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	25,066,744
US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	143,815
Government Agency Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	18,488,619
Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	4,462,892
Asset Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	302,690
Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	1,610,903
US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	57,825
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	1,610,903
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	1,610,903
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Government Agency Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Asset Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	1,610,903
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	57,825
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	23,398,016
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	23,455,841
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	143,815
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Government Agency Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	18,488,619
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	4,462,892
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Asset Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	302,690
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	57,825
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	0
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Total Assets Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Government Agency Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Corporate Debt Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Asset Backed Securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Short-term Investments Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| Money Market Funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs \| US Treasuries
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Cash Equivalents Measured at Fair Value	$ 0

Fair Value Disclosures - Liabilities at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Non-current	$ 4,133,008	$ 5,128,959
Recurring \| Significant Unobservable Inputs
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]
Non-current	4,133,008	5,128,959
Total Contingent Consideration	$ 4,133,008	$ 5,128,959

Fair Value Disclosures - Unobservable Level 3 Inputs (Details) - Discounted cash flow	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payment discount rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Business combination, measurement input, rate	0.144	0.131
Probability of success for payment \| Bayon \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Business combination, measurement input, rate	0.48	0.42
Probability of success for payment \| Bayon \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Business combination, measurement input, rate	0.77	0.71
Probability of success for payment \| Panoptes \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Business combination, measurement input, rate	0.30	0.30
Probability of success for payment \| Panoptes \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Business combination, measurement input, rate	0.33	0.33

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	$ (1,000,000.0)	$ 1,900,000
Reversal of liability	$ 800,000

Fair Value Disclosures - Estimate to Measure Contingent Consideration Unobservable Level 3 In-process R&D (Details) - Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method	Aug. 31, 2023
Probability of success for next development phase \| KIO-104 \| Minimum
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.17
Probability of success for next development phase \| KIO-104 \| Maximum
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.36
Probability of success for next development phase \| KIO-301 \| Minimum
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.23
Probability of success for next development phase \| KIO-301 \| Maximum
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.43
Payment discount rate \| KIO-104
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.43
Payment discount rate \| KIO-301
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
In-process R&D	0.43

Capital Stock (Details)						1 Months Ended								3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Capital Stock (Details)	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	Aug. 07, 2023 USD ($) day $ / shares shares	Jun. 06, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 22, 2023 USD ($) shares	Feb. 03, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 29, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Aug. 31, 2023 shares	Jul. 31, 2023 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 shares	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Feb. 28, 2023 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 11, 2024 shares	May 01, 2024 shares	Dec. 31, 2023 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)														150,000,000		150,000,000		150,000,000	150,000,000	50,000,000
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)																			5,486,066
Net proceeds \| $			$ 5,600,000
Underwriting discount and commissions \| $			500,000
Underwriting discount and commissions expenses \| $			$ 200,000
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)		1,277,778
Deemed dividend \| $		$ 500,000												$ 0	$ 530,985	$ 0	$ 530,985
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)													5,556
Exercise of Warrants \| $								$ 8,600								1,689,339	298,500
Gross Proceeds from Private Placement \| $																14,998,865	200,000
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs \| $																0	442,310
Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs \| $																$ 0	$ 6,325,000
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)					11,733
Warrants and rights outstanding, term					5 years
Issuance of common stock (in shares)					5,866
Gross Proceeds from Private Placement \| $					$ 100,000
Private Placement \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares					$ 31.842
Series F Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion of stock, shares converted (in shares)									59	59	329
Series F Convertible Preferred Stock \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)			434
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)									53,530	53,530	298,758
Common Stock \| Over-Allotment Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			83,333
Common shares \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			3,552,372
Issuance of common stock (in shares)			244,181
Class C Warrant
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)								911
Class C Warrant \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			638,889
Class C Warrants, Exercise of Option \| Over-Allotment Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			83,333
Class D Warrant \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			638,889
Class D Warrant, Exercise Of Option \| Over-Allotment Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)			83,333
Class C and Class D Warrants \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares		$ 4.7079	$ 9.90
Warrants exercise price reduction, trading days, threshold, immediately following initial exercise day \| day		60
Exercise price reduction percentage of average of the VWAP for trading day period immediately prior to reset date		90.00%
Warrants exercise price reduction, trading days, threshold, prior to reset date \| day		5
909 Class C and 909 Class D Warrants \| Series F Convertible Preferred Stock \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Purchase price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 8,999
Class D Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares						$ 4.7079	$ 4.7079
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)						53,213	203,934	911
Exercise of Warrants \| $						$ 300,000	$ 1,000,000.0
Class C Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares							$ 4.7079
Issuance of Common Stock from Warrant Exercises (in shares)							101,684
Exercise of Warrants \| $							$ 400,000
Maxim Group LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction (in shares)	1,755,556
Net proceeds \| $	$ 13,800,000
Maxim Group LLC \| Pre Funded Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)	1,261,582
Maxim Group LLC \| Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)	5,486,066
Maxim Group LLC \| Tranche A Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)	2,743,033
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 5.4684
Proceeds from issuance of warrants \| $	$ 15,000,000.0
Class of warrant or right, threshold trading days \| day	30
Class of warrant or right, volume weighted average price of common stock (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 9.9432
Class of warrant or right, threshold consecutive trading days \| day	30
Warrants and rights outstanding, term	5 years
Maxim Group LLC \| Tranche B Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of warrants issued to purchase the shares (in shares)	2,743,033
Exercise price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 5.4684
Proceeds from issuance of warrants \| $	$ 15,000,000.0
Class of warrant or right, threshold trading days \| day	30
Class of warrant or right, volume weighted average price of common stock (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 12.4290
Class of warrant or right, threshold consecutive trading days \| day	30
Warrants and rights outstanding, term	5 years
Lincoln Park
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs \| $				$ 100,000								$ 300,000
Lincoln Park \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)				2,222								11,667
Equity line of credit (up to) \| $					$ 10,000,000.0

Warrants (Details) - Common Stock Warrants - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Warrants (Details) - Common Stock Warrants - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Common Shares Issuable Upon Exercise of Outstanding Warrants
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)	1,451,589
Issued (in shares)	6,747,648
Exercised (in shares)	(358,831)
Expired (in shares)	(380,831)
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)	7,459,575	1,451,589
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year (in usd per share)	$ 25.21
Issued (in usd per share)	4.45
Exercised (in usd per share)	4.71
Expired (in usd per share)	4.71
Outstanding at end of year (in usd per share)	$ 7.76	$ 25.21
Weighted Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding	5 years 29 days	2 years 5 months 4 days
Issued	4 years 9 months 7 days

Net Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and Diluted (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Weighted-average unvested restricted common stock that has been issued and is subject to forfeiture (in shares)	47,601	26,443	47,601	26,443
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			6,902,266	1,633,093
Common Stock Warrants, Excluding Pre-funded Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			6,197,993	1,453,411
Employee Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			162,320	92,425
Restricted Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			47,601	26,443
Preferred Stock, as Converted into Common Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			42,426	42,426
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per share (in shares)			451,926	18,388

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2010	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Weighted average fair value of options granted (in usd per share)	$ 4.02
Unamortized compensation expense related to options	$ 700,000
Expected weighted average period of recognition of compensation expense	2 years 1 month 2 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding	$ 0
Share price (in usd per share)	$ 3.66
2014 Plan
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Maximum number of shares authorized (in shares)	733,100
Number of shares available for awards (in shares)	450,815
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Maximum number of shares authorized (in shares)	32
Number of shares available for awards (in shares)	23		23
Offering period	6 months
Employee Stock Options
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Award service period	3 years
Employee Stock Options \| Tranche One
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage	33.00%
Employee Stock Options \| Tranche Two
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period	24 months
Restricted Stock
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Expected weighted average period of recognition of compensation expense	2 years 4 months 28 days
Unamortized compensation expense related to restricted stock	$ 300,000
Restricted Stock \| Tranche One
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, award vesting rights, percentage	33.00%
Restricted Stock \| Tranche Two
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period	24 months
Holders Owing More Than Ten Percentage Voting Rights
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period		5 years
Minimum \| Holders Owing More Than Ten Percentage Voting Rights
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Percentage of exercise price		110.00%
Maximum \| Holders Owing More Than Ten Percentage Voting Rights
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Vesting period		10 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 171,176	$ 264,865	$ 496,413	$ 572,600
Research and Development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	98,292	118,439	286,955	249,352
General and Administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense	$ 72,884	$ 146,426	$ 209,458	$ 323,248

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Risk-Free Interest Rate	4.44%	4.54%
Expected Life (years)	6 years	5 years 6 months 7 days
Expected Stock Price Volatility	140.00%	141.00%
Expected Dividend Yield	0.00%	0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Options
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)	90,382
Granted (in shares)	74,137
Expired (in shares)	(426)
Forfeited (in shares)	(1,773)
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)	162,320	90,382
Exercisable and vested at the end of year (in shares)	48,671
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year (in usd per share)	$ 41.43
Granted (in dollars per share)	4.35
Expired (in usd per share)	1,202.15
Forfeited (in usd per share)	7.04
Outstanding at end of year (in usd per share)	21.83	$ 41.43
Exercisable and vested at end of year (in usd per share)	$ 56.79
Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Outstanding	9 years 2 months 26 days	9 years 3 months 14 days
Exercisable and vested at the end of year	8 years 9 months

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Number of Units
Outstanding at beginning of year (in shares)	25,493
Awarded (in shares)	30,604
Released (in shares)	(7,717)
Forfeited (in shares)	(779)
Outstanding at end of year (in shares)	47,601	25,493
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of year (in usd per share)	$ 14.75
Awarded (in usd per shares)	4.35
Released (in usd per share)	11.50
Forfeited (in usd per share)	15.59
Outstanding at end of year (in usd per share)	$ 8.58	$ 14.75
Weighted- Average Remaining Term in Years
Beginning of year	2 years 4 months 28 days	2 years 6 months 25 days
End of year	2 years 4 months 28 days	2 years 6 months 25 days

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) € in Millions							1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Oct. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 07, 2023 USD ($)	May 01, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 17, 2014 EUR (€)	Sep. 12, 2013 USD ($)	Jul. 02, 2013 EUR (€)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)	May 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) operatingLease licenseAgreement	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 25, 2024 USD ($)	Oct. 15, 2023 ft²	Sep. 26, 2018 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of operating leases \| operatingLease											3
Total operating lease cost									$ 18,742	$ 50,482	$ 57,327	$ 121,159
Number of license agreements \| licenseAgreement											6
Payment of annual fee			$ 5,000
Payment for sublicense fee											$ 700,000
Revenues									0	$ 0	$ 16,020,000	$ 0
SentrX Animal Care Inc
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Intangible assets expected milestone payable															$ 4,750,000
For The First 250 Million Net Sales
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of royalties on net sales			2.00%
Between 250 And 500 Million Net Sales
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of royalties on net sales			1.25%
Net Sales Over 500 Million
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of royalties on net sales			0.50%
Sublease Agreement, Scenario One
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Sublicense agreement, percent of sublicense revenue											8.00%
Sublease Agreement, Scenario Two
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Sublicense agreement, percent of sublicense revenue											6.00%
Sublease Agreement, Scenario Three
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Sublicense agreement, percent of sublicense revenue											4.00%
License
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Cost of goods and services sold					$ 30,000	€ 155
License \| Licensing Agreements
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of royalties on net sales					6.00%	3.25%
KIO-101 \| Mediolanum Agreement
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of royalties on net sales				7.00%
Contractual obligation \| €				€ 20
Development and commercial milestones term				10 years
Percentage of decreasing after patent expiry				5.00%
Termination fee		$ 100,000
Termination fee payment		50,000
Termination fee payable		$ 50,000
Grant
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Revenues							$ 20,000
Théa Open Innovation \| KIO-301
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Milestone payment earned													$ 16,000,000
Maximum achievement milestone payment earned													$ 285,000,000
Percentage of royalties on net sales													20.00%
Expense offset credit									$ 900,000		$ 2,200,000
University Of California
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Licensing agreement transfer, written notice period	15 days
Licensing agreement, successor written assignment agreement, notice period	30 days
Licensing agreement, assignment fee amount	$ 30,000
Licensing agreement, execution payment amount	$ 15,000
Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Remaining lease term									6 months 29 days		6 months 29 days
Maximum
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Remaining lease term									4 years 7 months 17 days		4 years 7 months 17 days
Encinitas Lease
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease term								18 months
Adelaide Lease
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease term								12 months
Termination period								90 days
Vienna Lease
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease term														5 years
Area of land \| ft²														910

Commitments and Contingencies - Future annual minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024 (remaining months)	$ 13,541
2025	27,762
2026	14,562
2027	14,562
2028	11,528
Total Lease Liabilities	81,955
Less Amounts Representing Interest	(9,318)
Total	72,637
Less Current Portion	(33,447)	$ (47,069)
Total	$ 39,190	$ 59,822

Commitments and Contingencies - Maximum obligation payments per respective agreements and estimated fair value of contingent consideration (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Maximum Obligation per Agreements	$ 16,635,000
Current Fair Value Estimated	4,133,008
Bayon
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Maximum Obligation per Agreements	7,135,000
Current Fair Value Estimated	2,177,467
Panoptes
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Maximum Obligation per Agreements	9,500,000
Current Fair Value Estimated	$ 1,955,541