Verde AgriTech Plc (TSX:NPK) (OTCQB:AMHPF)
("Verde” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce that it was
accepted as a member of Bonsucro.
Bonsucro is an international non-profit
multi-stakeholder organization established in 2008 to promote
sustainable sugar cane production. Bonsucro has a global network
with over 480 members dedicated to improving the sustainability of
sugarcane cultivation.
In Brazil, 52 sugarcane mills are certified by
Bonsucro. Among major Brazilian companies already certified are:
Raízen, Bunge, Adecoagro, Biosev, BP Biocombustíveis, CMAA.
President and CEO, Cristiano Veloso, commented:
“It is an honor to receive a Bonsucro Membership. Super Greensand®
brings several solutions to the 21st Century challenges in
sustainable sugarcane production. In Brazil alone, Bonsucro
certified mills have the potential to consume about 1 million tons
of Super Greensand® as they migrate from conventional potash salt
source to our sustainable product. We are eager to help the
environment by serving this important market”.
The problem of Chloride and its
nefarious impact to the ecosystem
Chloride is a harmful chemical across the whole
sugar production chain: it harms the development of sugarcane
roots; it kills beneficial soil microorganisms; and it has
disastrous effects in the sugar industry, where it catalyzes
aggressive corrosion of machinery, leading to its premature
replacement.1
Potassium Chloride (KCl) is the most commonly
used fertilizer for the supply of potash. KCl is composed of 52.6%
potash and 47.4% chloride. Producers often use an amount of 250kg
of KCl per hectare/year on sugarcane fields. An amount of 250kg of
KCl is composed of 130.87 kg of potash and 119.12 kg of chloride.
In Brazil, approximately 9 million hectares are cultivated with
sugarcane. It is thereby possible to estimate that Brazilian
sugarcane-covered soils receive 1.07 million tons of chloride every
year due to KCl application. At a smaller scale, applying 1 pound
of Potassium Chloride (KCl) to the soil is the equivalent of
spraying 1 gallon of microorganism-killing Clorox to the soil2.
Carcinogenic effects of dioxins and
furans
Dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) are formed as an
unintentional by-product of many processes involving chlorine, such
as biomass burning. Dioxins and furans are some of the most toxic
chemicals known to science3.
Sugarcane biomass is a leftover from the juicing
process, used to extract the sugar rich sap. Biomass burning is one
of the main sources of toxic gases4, particulate matter and
greenhouse gases on the planet. One of the gases released by this
burning is chlorine. If the residue has chlorine in its
composition, it may result in the formation of HCl, dioxins and
furans.
The most toxic compound is
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or TCDD5. The formation of
dioxins during any natural or human activity requires three basic
ingredients: an organic starting material, a source of chlorine
and, in processes with relatively low temperatures, a metallic
catalyst6. There are 75 PCDDs and 135 PCDFs, of which 17 are
considered toxic. The number of chlorine atoms can range from 1 to
87.
The U.S. National Toxicology Program classifies
dioxin as a human carcinogen and reaffirmed in a report that there
is no known "safe dose" or "threshold" below which dioxin will not
cause cancer8. A report from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)9 confirmed that dioxin is a cancer hazard to people.
In addition to cancer, exposure to dioxin can also cause severe
reproductive and developmental problems. Dioxin is well-known for
its ability to damage the immune system and interfere with hormonal
systems.
Chloride is devastating to the Ozone
layer
Gases produced by burning biomass can cause
atmospheric pollution, destruction of the ozone layer and worsening
of the greenhouse effect10. Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl) is the gas that
most contributes to the presence of organic chlorine in the
atmosphere11.
The combination of Chloride and Ozone generates
a catalytic reaction where an atom of Chloride can rapidly destroy
thousands of Ozone molecules. As Ozone molecules are broken, they
become unable to absorb ultraviolet rays. Therefore, UV radiation
is more intense on the Earth's surface.
Super Greensand® benefits for sugarcane
production
Besides its overall nutritional qualities, for
sugarcane production Super Greensand® combines two great benefits:
it is rich in silicon and is free of chloride. Sugarcane is known
as a silicon-accumulating crop, which means that it extracts large
quantities of this element from the soil. Silicon is responsible
for increasing the natural resistance of plants against pests,
diseases, drought, large temperature variations, salinity etc.
Super Greensand® is also being used to enrich
sugarcane filter cake, which is the accumulated residue from cane
juice filtration. For each ton of ground cane about 25 kilograms of
filter cake is produced. About 90 million tons of filter cake are
produced, annually, in Brazil12. Filter cake can pollute soil and
water, and in some sugar factories it is considered a waste that
requires special disposal. Some producers, however, are now
recycling this residue as a fertilizer or adding it to composting
processes.
By mixing Super Greensand® to the filter cake,
it becomes enriched with nutrients, helps hold adequate moisture
during the composting process and absorbs ammonia that increases
the compost nitrogen content. Consequently, the addition of Super
Greensand® boosts the sustainability of sugar cane filter cake,
rendering it a useful byproduct rather than a hazardous waste.
About Bonsucro
Bonsucro is an international not-for-profit,
multi-stakeholder organization established in 2008 to promote
sustainable sugar cane. Its stated aim is to reduce ‘the
environmental and social impacts of sugarcane production while
recognizing the need for economic viability’. It does this through
setting sustainability standards and certifying sugar cane products
including ethanol, sugar and molasses. Bonsucro is one of few
certifications to have developed measures for greenhouse gas
emissions. Bonsucro has more than 480 members around the world, and
nearly 3 million tonnes of sugar is Bonsucro Certified.
About Verde AgriTech
Verde AgriTech promotes sustainable and
profitable agriculture through the development of its Cerrado Verde
Project. Cerrado Verde, located in the heart of Brazil’s largest
agricultural market, is the source of a potassium-rich deposit from
which the Company intends to produce solutions for crop nutrition,
crop protection, soil improvement and increased sustainability.
For additional information please
contact:Cristiano Veloso, President &
Chief Executive OfficerTel: +55 (31) 3245 0205; Email:
cv@verdeagritech.com www.verdeagritech.com
| www.supergreensand.com
Bonsucrowww.bonsucro.com
Visit and subscribe to our YouTube
Channelwww.youtube.com/verdeagritech
Cautionary Language and Forward Looking
Statements
All Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resources
estimates reported by the Company were estimated in accordance with
the Canadian National Instrument 43-101 and the Canadian Institute
of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum Definition Standards (May 10,
2014). These standards differ significantly from the requirements
of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Mineral Resources
which are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability.
This document contains "forward-looking
information" within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation
and "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United
States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This
information and these statements, referred to herein as
"forward-looking statements" are made as of the date of this
document. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or
future performance and reflect current estimates, predictions,
expectations or beliefs regarding future events and include, but
are not limited to, statements with respect to:
- the estimated amount and grade of Mineral Resources and Mineral
Reserves;
- the PFS representing a viable development option for the
Project;
- estimates of the capital costs of constructing mine facilities
and bringing a mine into production, of sustaining capital and the
duration of financing payback periods;
- the estimated amount of future production, both produced and
sold; and,
- estimates of operating costs and total costs, net cash flow,
net present value and economic returns from an operating mine.
Any statements that express or involve
discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs,
plans, projections, objectives or future events or performance
(often, but not always, using words or phrases such as "expects",
"anticipates", "plans", "projects", "estimates", "envisages",
"assumes", "intends", "strategy", "goals", "objectives" or
variations thereof or stating that certain actions, events or
results "may", "could", "would", "might" or "will" be taken, occur
or be achieved, or the negative of any of these terms and similar
expressions) are not statements of historical fact and may be
forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements are based on
Verde's or its consultants' current beliefs as well as various
assumptions made by them and information currently available to
them. The most significant assumptions are set forth above, but
generally these assumptions include:
- the presence of and continuity of resources and reserves at the
Project at estimated grades;
- the geotechnical and metallurgical characteristics of rock
conforming to sampled results; including the quantities of water
and the quality of the water that must be diverted or treated
during mining operations;
- the capacities and durability of various machinery and
equipment;
- the availability of personnel, machinery and equipment at
estimated prices and within the estimated delivery times;
- currency exchange rates;
- Super Greensand® sales prices, market size and exchange rate
assumed;
- appropriate discount rates applied to the cash flows in the
economic analysis;
- tax rates and royalty rates applicable to the proposed mining
operation;
- the availability of acceptable financing under assumed
structure and costs;
- anticipated mining losses and dilution;
- reasonable contingency requirements;
- success in realizing proposed operations;
- receipt of permits and other regulatory approvals on acceptable
terms; and
- the fulfilment of environmental assessment commitments and
arrangements with local communities.
Although management considers these assumptions
to be reasonable based on information currently available to it,
they may prove to be incorrect. Many forward-looking statements are
made assuming the correctness of other forward looking statements,
such as statements of net present value and internal rates of
return, which are based on most of the other forward-looking
statements and assumptions herein. The cost information is also
prepared using current values, but the time for incurring the costs
will be in the future and it is assumed costs will remain stable
over the relevant period.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements
involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and
specific, and risks exist that estimates, forecasts, projections
and other forward-looking statements will not be achieved or that
assumptions do not reflect future experience. We caution readers
not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as
a number of important factors could cause the actual outcomes to
differ materially from the beliefs, plans, objectives,
expectations, anticipations, estimates assumptions and intentions
expressed in such forward-looking statements. These risk factors
may be generally stated as the risk that the assumptions and
estimates expressed above do not occur as forecast, but
specifically include, without limitation: risks relating to
variations in the mineral content within the material identified as
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves from that predicted;
variations in rates of recovery and extraction; the geotechnical
characteristics of the rock mined or through which infrastructure
is built differing from that predicted, the quantity of water that
will need to be diverted or treated during mining operations being
different from what is expected to be encountered during mining
operations or post closure, or the rate of flow of the water being
different; developments in world metals markets; risks relating to
fluctuations in the Brazilian Real relative to the Canadian dollar;
increases in the estimated capital and operating costs or
unanticipated costs; difficulties attracting the necessary work
force; increases in financing costs or adverse changes to the terms
of available financing, if any; tax rates or royalties being
greater than assumed; changes in development or mining plans due to
changes in logistical, technical or other factors; changes in
project parameters as plans continue to be refined; risks relating
to receipt of regulatory approvals; delays in stakeholder
negotiations; changes in regulations applying to the development,
operation, and closure of mining operations from what currently
exists; the effects of competition in the markets in which Verde
operates; operational and infrastructure risks and the additional
risks described in Verde's Annual Information Form filed with SEDAR
in Canada (available at www.sedar.com ) for the year ended December
31, 2016. Verde cautions that the foregoing list of factors that
may affect future results is not exhaustive.
When relying on our forward-looking statements
to make decisions with respect to Verde, investors and others
should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other
uncertainties and potential events. Verde does not undertake to
update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that
may be made from time to time by Verde or on our behalf, except as
required by law.
1 MARINHO, Ericson . Desempenho de caldeiras com palha de cana
de açúcar. Seminário STAB - Fenasucro Agroindustrial (2014).
http://stab.org.br/sem_stab_fena_agroind_2014/ericson.pdf.
2 ¹Hermary, H. Effects of some synthetic fertilizers on the soil
ecosystem. (2007).
3 http://www.ejnet.org/dioxin/
4 Silveira et al. Emissions generated by sugarcane burning
promote genotoxicity in rural workers: a case study in Barretos,
Brazil.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126064/pdf/1476-069X-12-87.pdf
5 EJnet.org. http://www.ejnet.org/dioxin/
6 Kobylecki, R., Ohira, K., Ito, I., Fujiwara, N. and Horio, M.,
"Dioxin and Fly Ash Free Incineration by Ash Pelletization and
Reburning," Environmental Science and Technolology, Vol. 35, p.
4313-4319, 2001. Disponível em:
https://www.ejnet.org/dioxin/catalysts.html
7 Abrantes et al. Comparison of Emission of Dioxins and Furans
from Gasohol- and Ethanol-Powered Vehicles (2011). Disponível em:
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2011.608617
8 U.S. National Toxicology Program, 11th Report on
Carcinogens.
9 http://www.ejnet.org/dioxin/#reassessment
10 LOBER; KEENE; YEVICH. Global chlorine emissions from biomass
burning: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (1999). Disponível
em:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/1998JD100077/pdf
11 LOBER; KEENE; YEVICH. Global chlorine emissions from
biomass burning: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (1999).
Disponível em:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/1998JD100077/pdf
12 http://www.bv.fapesp.br/namidia/noticia/109777/residuos-producao-cana-acucar/
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