AESI New Atlas Holdco Inc

Exhibit 3.1

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

AESI HOLDINGS INC.

October 2, 2023

ARTICLE I

NAME

SECTION 1.1. Name. The name of the corporation is AESI Holdings Inc. (the “Corporation”).

ARTICLE II

REGISTERED AGENT

SECTION 2.1. Registered Agent. The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.

ARTICLE III

PURPOSE

SECTION 3.1. Purpose. The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”). The Corporation shall have all power necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of such acts and activities.

ARTICLE IV

CAPITALIZATION

SECTION 4.1. Capitalization. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 1,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

ARTICLE V

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 5.1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board.

SECTION 5.2. Number. The number of directors of the Corporation shall be as specified, or determined in the manner provided, in the bylaws of the Corporation. Unless and except to the extent that the bylaws of the Corporation so provide, the election of directors need not be by written ballot. Except as otherwise provided in this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each director of the Corporation shall be entitled to one vote on all matters voted or acted upon by the Board.

ARTICLE VI

BYLAWS

SECTION 6.1. Bylaws. In furtherance of, and not in limitation of, the powers conferred by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Board is expressly authorized and empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation or adopt new bylaws without any action on part of the stockholders; provided that any bylaw adopted or amended by the Board, and any powers thereby conferred, may be amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders.

ARTICLE VII

LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR AND OFFICER LIABILITY

SECTION 7.1. Limitation of Director and Officer Liability. No director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, as applicable, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as it now exists or may hereafter be amended. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VII that purports to limit the liability of a director or officer shall be prospective only and shall not affect any limitation of liability of a director or officer, as applicable, for acts or omissions occurring prior to the date of such amendment, repeal or modification.

ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

SECTION 8.1. Amendments. The Corporation reserves the right at any time, and from time to time, to amend, change or repeal any provision contained in this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law; and all rights, preferences and privileges of any nature conferred upon directors, stockholders or any other persons by and pursuant to this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the rights reserved in this Article VIII.

Exhibit 3.2

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

AESI HOLDINGS INC.

A Delaware Corporation

Date of Adoption:

October 2, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

AESI HOLDINGS INC.

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of AESI Holdings Inc. (the “Corporation”) required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) to be maintained in the State of Delaware, shall be the registered office named in the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (as the same may be further amended and restated from time to time, the “Certificate of Incorporation”), or such other office as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) in the manner provided by law. Should the Corporation maintain a principal office within the State of Delaware, such registered office need not be identical to such principal office of the Corporation.

Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation, or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware as shall be specified or fixed in the notices or waivers of notice thereof.

Section 2. Quorum; Adjournment of Meetings. Unless otherwise required by law or provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, the holders of shares of stock with a majority of the voting power entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders for the transaction of business. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Shares of the Corporation’s stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if such shares of stock representing a majority of the voting power entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation are held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary capacity.

Notwithstanding the other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of shares of stock with a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy at any meeting of stockholders, whether or not a quorum is present, shall have the power to adjourn such meeting from time to time, without any notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place of the holding of the adjourned meeting; provided, however, if the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

Section 3. Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of the stockholders, for the election of directors to succeed those whose terms expire and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting, shall be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, on such date, and at such time as the Board of Directors shall fix and set forth in the notice of the meeting.

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Section 4. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board (if any), by the Chief Executive Officer or by a majority of the Board of Directors, or by a majority of the executive committee (if any), and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board (if any), by the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary upon the written request therefor, stating the purpose or purposes of the meeting, delivered to such officer, signed by the holder(s) of at least 25% of the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote at such meeting.

Section 5. Record Date. For the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders, or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for any such determination of stockholders, which date shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting, nor more than 60 days prior to any other action.

If the Board of Directors does not fix a record date for any meeting of the stockholders, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at such meeting shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if in accordance with Section 3 of Article VIII of these bylaws, notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. If, in accordance with Section 12 of this Article II, corporate action without a meeting of stockholders is to be taken, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to such corporate action in writing, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 6. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of the place, date and hour of all meetings, and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board (if any) or the Chief Executive Officer, the Secretary or the other person(s) calling the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat and shall be delivered not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, personally, by electronic transmission or by mail. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. The Corporation may provide stockholders with notice of a meeting by electronic transmission provided such stockholders have consented to receiving electronic notice.

Section 7. Stock List. A complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock and showing the address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of such stockholder, shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, either on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to the list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The stock list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

Section 8. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to a corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Proxies for use at any meeting of stockholders shall be filed with the Secretary, or such other officer as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by resolution, before or at the time of the meeting. All proxies shall be received and taken charge of and all ballots shall be received and canvassed by the secretary of the meeting who shall decide all questions touching upon the qualification of voters, the validity of the proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless an inspector or inspectors shall have been appointed by the chairman of the meeting, in which event such inspector or inspectors shall decide all such questions.

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No proxy shall be valid after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Each proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable and coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.

Should a proxy designate two or more persons to act as proxies, unless such instrument shall provide the contrary, a majority of such persons present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise all the powers of voting or giving consents thereby conferred, or if only one be present, then such powers may be exercised by that one; or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular issue, each proxy so attending shall be entitled to exercise such powers in respect of the same portion of the shares as he or she is of the proxies representing such shares.

Section 9. Voting; Elections; Inspectors. Unless otherwise required by law or provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote which is registered in his or her name on the record date for the meeting. Shares registered in the name of another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the bylaw (or comparable instrument) of such corporation may prescribe, or in the absence of such provision, as the Board of Directors (or comparable body) of such corporation may determine. Shares registered in the name of a deceased person may be voted by his or her executor or administrator, either in person or by proxy.

All elections for directors shall be by written ballot unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares of stock entitled to vote in the election of directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present. All other elections and questions presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall, unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, these bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation or applicable law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, be decided by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of stock of the Corporation which are present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon. Every stock vote shall be taken by written ballots, each of which shall state the name of the stockholder or proxy voting and such other information as may be required under the procedure established for the meeting.

At any meeting at which a vote is taken by ballots, the chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more inspectors, each of whom shall subscribe an oath or affirmation to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. Such inspector shall ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, determine the shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, count all votes and ballots, determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors and certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. The chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to serve as inspector, except no candidate for the office of director shall be appointed as an inspector.

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, cumulative voting for the election of directors shall be prohibited.

Section 10. Conduct of Meetings. The meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board (if any), or if he or she is not present, by the Chief Executive Officer, or if neither the Chairman of the Board (if any), nor Chief Executive Officer is present, by a chairman elected at the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation, if present, shall act as secretary of such meetings, or if he or she is not present, an Assistant Secretary shall so act; if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, then a secretary shall be appointed by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seem to him in order. Unless the chairman of the meeting of stockholders shall otherwise determine, the order of business shall be as follows:

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Section 11. Treasury Stock. The Corporation shall not vote, directly or indirectly, shares of its own stock owned by it or any other corporation, if a majority of shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation and such shares shall not be counted for quorum purposes.

Section 12. Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action permitted or required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws to be taken at a meeting of stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than a unanimous written consent shall be given by the Secretary to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.

ARTICLE III

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 1. Power; Number; Term of Office. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, and subject to the restrictions imposed by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, they may exercise all the powers of the Corporation.

The number of directors of the Corporation shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, unless the Certificate of Incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall be made only by amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation. Each director shall hold office for the term for which he or she is elected, and until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.

Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware.

Section 2. Quorum. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, a majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business of the Board of Directors and the vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors.

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Section 3. Place of Meetings; Order of Business. The directors may hold their meetings and may have an office and keep the books of the Corporation, except as otherwise provided by law, in such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by resolution. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, business shall be transacted in such order as shall from time to time be determined by the Chairman of the Board (if any), or in his or her absence by the Chief Executive Officer, or by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. First Meeting. Each newly elected Board of Directors may hold its first meeting for the purpose of organization and the transaction of business, if a quorum is present, immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the stockholders. Notice of such meeting shall not be required.

Section 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such times and places as shall be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Notice of such regular meetings shall not be required.

Section 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer or, on the written request of any two directors, by the Secretary, in each case on at least 24 hours’ personal or written notice or on at least 24 hours’ notice by electronic transmission to each director. Such notice, or any waiver thereof pursuant to Section 3 of Article VIII hereof, need not state the purpose or purposes of such meeting, except as may otherwise be required by law or provided for in the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws.

Section 7. Removal. Any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors; provided that, unless the Certificate of Incorporation otherwise provides, if the Board of Directors is classified, then the stockholders may effect such removal only for cause; and provided further that, if the Certificate of Incorporation expressly grants to stockholders the right to cumulate votes for the election of directors and if less than the entire Board of Directors is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his or her removal would be sufficient to elect him or her if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire Board of Directors, or, if there be classes of directors, at an election of the class of directors of which such director is a part.

Section 8. Vacancies; Increases in the Number of Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or a sole remaining director; and any director so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until his or her successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced.

If the directors of the Corporation are divided into classes, any directors elected to fill vacancies or newly created directorships shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such directors shall have been chosen, and until their successors shall be duly elected and shall qualify.

Section 9. Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.

Section 10. Action Without a Meeting; Telephone Conference Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote at a meeting, and may be stated as such in any document or instrument filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware.

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, subject to the requirement for notice of meetings, members of the Board of Directors, or members of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of such Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, by means of a conference

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telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 11. Approval or Ratification of Acts or Contracts by Stockholders. The Board of Directors in its discretion may submit any act or contract for approval or ratification at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any special meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose of considering any such act or contract, and any act or contract that shall be approved or be ratified by the vote of the holders of shares of stock representing a majority of the voting power entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at such meeting (provided that a quorum is present), shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it has been approved or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation. In addition, any such act or contract may be approved or ratified by the written consent of the holders of shares of stock representing a majority of the voting power entitled to vote and such consent shall be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it had been approved or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation.

ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

Section 1. Designation; Powers. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, including, if they shall so determine, an executive committee, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. Any such designated committee shall have and may exercise such of the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation as may be provided in such resolution, except that no such committee shall have the power or authority of the Board of Directors in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders an agreement of merger, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution of the Corporation or amending, altering or repealing the bylaws or adopting new bylaws for the Corporation and, unless such resolution or the Certificate of Incorporation expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Any such designated committee may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. In addition to the above, such committee or committees shall have such other powers and limitations of authority as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Procedure; Meetings; Quorum. Any committee designated pursuant to Section 1 of this Article IV shall choose its own chairman, shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when requested, shall fix its own rules or procedures and shall meet at such times and at such place or places as may be provided by such rules, or by resolution of such committee or resolution of the Board of Directors. At every meeting of any such committee, the presence of a majority of all the members thereof shall constitute a quorum and the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present shall be necessary for the adoption by it of any resolution.

Section 3. Substitution of Members. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

Section 1. Number, Titles and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer and a Secretary and, if the Board of Directors so elects, a Chairman of the Board, a President, one or more Vice Presidents (any one or more of whom may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President), a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Assistant Chief Financial Officers, one or more Assistant Secretaries

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and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time elect or appoint. Each officer shall hold office until his or her successor shall be duly elected and shall qualify or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation provides otherwise. Except for the Chairman of the Board, if any, no officer need be a director.

Section 2. Salaries. The salaries or other compensation of the officers and agents of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Removal. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, by the vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors at a special meeting called for the purpose, or at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.

Section 4. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation may be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 5. Powers and Duties of the Chief Executive Officer. The President, if any, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation unless the Board of Directors designates the Chairman of the Board or any other officer as Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the executive committee (if any), the Chief Executive Officer shall have general executive charge, management and control of the properties, business and operations of the Corporation with all such powers as may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities; he or she may agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness and other obligations in the name of the Corporation and may sign all certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation; and shall have such other powers and duties as designated in accordance with these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

Section 6. Powers and Duties of the Chairman of the Board. If elected, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

Section 7. President. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, the President, if any, shall have the authority to agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness and other obligations in the name of the Corporation; and, unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, he or she shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or if there be no Chairman of the Board, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and (should he or she be a director) of the Board of Directors; and he or she shall have such other powers and duties as designated in accordance with these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors.

Section 8. Vice Presidents. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, a Vice President designated by the Board of Directors shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of a Vice President to perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of his or her absence or inability or refusal to act, the Vice President who is present and who is senior in terms of time as a Vice President of the Corporation shall so act. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 9. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer, if any, shall have responsibility for the custody and control of all the funds and securities of the Corporation, and he or she shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. He or she shall perform all acts incident to the position of Chief Financial Officer, subject to the control of the Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors; and he or she shall, if required by the Board of Directors, give such bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such form as the Board of Directors may require.

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Section 10. Assistant Chief Financial Officers. Each Assistant Chief Financial Officer, if any, shall have the usual powers and duties pertaining to his or her office, together with such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. The Assistant Chief Financial Officers shall exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer during that officer’s absence or inability or refusal to act.

Section 11. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors, committees of directors and the stockholders, in books provided for that purpose; he or she shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices; he or she may in the name of the Corporation affix the seal of the Corporation to all contracts of the Corporation and attest the affixation of the seal of the Corporation thereto; he or she may sign with the other appointed officers all certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation; he or she shall have charge of the certificate books, transfer books and stock ledgers, and such other books and papers as the Board of Directors may direct, all of which shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection of any director upon application at the office of the Corporation during business hours; he or she shall have such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer; and he or she shall in general perform all acts incident to the office of Secretary, subject to the control of the Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors.

Section 12. Assistant Secretaries. Each Assistant Secretary, if any, shall have the usual powers and duties pertaining to his or her office, together with such other powers and duties as designated in these bylaws and as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. The Assistant Secretaries shall exercise the powers of the Secretary during that officer’s absence or inability or refusal to act.

Section 13. Action with Respect to Securities of Other Corporations. Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall have power to vote and otherwise act on behalf of the Corporation, in person or by proxy, at any meeting of security holders of or with respect to any action of security holders of any other corporation in which the Corporation may hold securities and to otherwise exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation.

ARTICLE VI

INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS

Section 1. Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was or has agreed to become a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving or having agreed to serve as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expense, liability and loss (including without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to serve in the capacity which initially entitled such person to indemnity hereunder and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof), other than a proceeding (or part thereof) brought under Section 3 of this Article VI, initiated by such person or his or her heirs, executors and administrators only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VI shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, if the DGCL requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a current, former or proposed director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer

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or proposed director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is or has been agreed to be rendered by such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such indemnified person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such indemnified person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section or otherwise.

Section 2. Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation, individually or as a group, with the same scope and effect as the indemnification of directors and officers provided for in this Article VI.

Section 3. Right of Claimant to Bring Suit. If a written claim received by the Corporation from or on behalf of an indemnified party under this Article VI is not paid in full by the Corporation within 90 days after such receipt, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the DGCL for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 4. Nonexclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification and the advancement and payment of expenses conferred in this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any law (common or statutory), provision of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 5. Insurance. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any person who is or was serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.

Section 6. Savings Clause. If this Article VI or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each director and officer of the Corporation, as to costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article VI that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article VI shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any covered person indemnified under this Article VI in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

Section 7. Definitions. For purposes of this Article VI, reference to the “Corporation” shall include, in addition to the Corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger prior to (or, in the case of an entity specifically designated in a resolution of the Board of Directors, after) the adoption hereof and which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had the power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

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ARTICLE VII

CAPITAL STOCK

Section 1. Certificates of Stock. Except as provided in this Section 1 of Article VII, the certificates for shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be in such form, not inconsistent with that required by law and the Certificate of Incorporation, as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board (if any), Chief Executive Officer or a Vice President shall cause to be issued to each stockholder one or more certificates, under the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof if the Board of Directors shall have provided for such seal, and signed by the Chairman of the Board (if any), the Chief Executive Officer or any Vice President, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Chief Financial Officer or Assistant Chief Financial Officer certifying the number of shares (and, if the stock of the Corporation shall be divided into classes or series, the class and series of such shares) owned by such stockholder in the Corporation; provided, however, that any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. The stock record books and the blank stock certificate books shall be kept by the Secretary, or at the office of such transfer agent or transfer agents as the Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution determine. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall have signed or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been placed upon any such certificate or certificates shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued by the Corporation, such certificate may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The stock certificates shall be consecutively numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued and shall exhibit the holder’s name and number of shares. The Board of Directors may deem that any outstanding shares of the Corporation will be uncertificated and registered in such form on the stock books of the Corporation.

Section 2. Transfer of Shares. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and any other applicable agreements regarding the transfer of stock, the shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferable only on the books of the Corporation by the holders thereof in person or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives upon surrender and cancellation of certificates for a like number of shares. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and any other applicable agreements regarding the transfer of stock, upon surrender to the Corporation or a transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

Section 3. Ownership of Shares. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of capital stock of the Corporation as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

Section 4. Regulations Regarding Certificates. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration or the replacement of certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation.

Section 5. Lost or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may determine the conditions upon which a new certificate of stock may be issued in place of a certificate which is alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed; and may, in their discretion, require the owner of such certificate or his or her legal representative to give bond, with sufficient surety, to indemnify the Corporation and each transfer agent and registrar against any and all losses or claims which may arise by reason of the issue of a new certificate in the place of the one so lost, stolen or destroyed.

ARTICLE VIII

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be such as established from time to time by the Board of Directors.

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Section 2. Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may provide a suitable seal containing the name of the Corporation. The Secretary shall have charge of the seal (if any). If and when so directed by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof, duplicates of the seal may be kept and used by the Chief Financial Officer or by any Assistant Secretary or Assistant Chief Financial Officer.

Section 3. Notice and Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or under the provisions of these bylaws, said notice shall be deemed to be sufficient if given by electronic transmission or by deposit of the same in a post office box in a sealed prepaid wrapper addressed to the person entitled thereto at his or her post office address, as it appears on the records of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day of such transmission or mailing, as the case may be.

Whenever notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or under any of the provisions of these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws.

Section 4. Resignations. Any director, member of a committee or officer may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation.

Section 5. Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for the use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these bylaws, facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors.

Section 6. Reliance upon Books, Reports and Records. Each director and each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, in the performance of his or her duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the books of account or reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers, or by an independent certified public accountant, or by an appraiser selected with reasonable care by the Board of Directors or by any such committee, or in relying in good faith upon other records of the Corporation.

Section 7. Form of Records. Any records maintained by the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or by means of or be in the form of, any information storage device or method, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time.

ARTICLE IX

AMENDMENTS

Section 1. Amendments. If provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend and repeal from time to time bylaws of the Corporation, subject to the right of the stockholders entitled to vote with respect thereto to amend or repeal such bylaws as adopted or amended by the Board of Directors.

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Exhibit 4.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of October 2, 2023, by and among Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (f/k/a New Atlas HoldCo Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), AESI Holdings Inc. (f/k/a Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.), a Delaware corporation (“Old Atlas”), and each of the other parties listed on the signature pages hereto (the “New Holders” and, together with the Company and Old Atlas, the “Parties”).

WHEREAS, on March 8, 2023, Old Atlas and the other signatories thereto (the “Initial Holders”) entered into that certain Registration Rights Agreement (the “Existing Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which Old Atlas granted the Initial Holders certain registration rights with respect to certain securities of Old Atlas;

WHEREAS, on July 31, 2023, the Company, Old Atlas, Atlas Sand Operating, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, majority owned subsidiary of Old Atlas, AESI Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Pubco Merger Sub”), Atlas Operating Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and Atlas Sand Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, entered into that certain Master Reorganization Agreement pursuant to which, among other things, Pubco Merger Sub will be merged with and into Old Atlas and Old Atlas will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Reorganization”);

WHEREAS, after the closing of the Reorganization, the New Holders will own shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”); and

WHEREAS, Old Atlas and the New Holders desire to amend and restate the Existing Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which the Company shall assume the obligations of Old Atlas set forth therein and shall grant the New Holders certain registration rights with respect to certain securities of the Company, as set forth in this Agreement.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged by each party hereto, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

1. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other person which, directly or indirectly, is in Control of, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such specified Person. For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Agreement, the Holders shall not be considered Affiliates of the Company.

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Automatic Shelf Registration Statement” means an “automatic shelf registration statement” as defined under Rule 405.

“Blackout Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(o).

“Board” means the board of directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, any federal holiday or any other day on which banking institutions in the state of Texas or the state of New York are authorized or required to be closed by law or governmental action.

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other federal agency then administering the Securities Act or Exchange Act.

“Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

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“Company” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Company Securities” means any equity interest of any class or series in the Company.

“Control” (including its correlative meanings “controlling” or “controlled”) means the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

“Covered Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(r).

“Demand Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(i).

“Demand Registration” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(i).

“Effective Date” means the time and date that a Registration Statement is first declared effective by the Commission or otherwise becomes effective.

“Effectiveness Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(ii).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

“Existing Registration Rights Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Holder” means (i) each New Holder unless and until such New Holder ceases to hold any Registrable Securities; and (ii) any holder of Registrable Securities to whom registration rights conferred by this Agreement have been transferred in compliance with Section 8(e) hereof; provided that any Person referenced in clause (ii) shall be a Holder only if such Person agrees in writing to be bound by and subject to the terms set forth in this Agreement.

“Holder Indemnified Persons” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

“Holder Lock-Up Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(q).

“Initial Holders” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Initiating Holder(s)” means the Holder(s) delivering the Demand Notice or the Underwritten Offering Notice, as applicable.

“Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).

“Managing Underwriter” means, with respect to any Underwritten Offering or Overnight Underwritten Offering, the book running lead manager or managers of such Underwritten Offering or Overnight Underwritten Offering.

“Master Reorganization Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Material Adverse Change” means (i) any general suspension of trading in, or limitation on prices for, securities on any national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market in the United States; (ii) the declaration of a banking moratorium or any suspension of payments in respect of banks in the United States; (iii) a material outbreak or escalation of armed hostilities or other international or national calamity involving the United States or the declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war or a change in national or international financial, political or economic conditions; or (iv) any event, change, circumstance or effect that is or is reasonably likely to be materially adverse to the business, properties, assets, liabilities, condition (financial or otherwise), operations, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.

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“Minimum Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(i).

“MNPI” means material non-public information within the meaning of Regulation FD promulgated under the Exchange Act.

“New Atlas” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“New Holders” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Old Atlas” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Opt-Out Election” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(r).

“Overnight Underwritten Offering” means an Underwritten Offering that is expected to be launched after the close of trading on one trading day and priced before the open of trading on the next succeeding trading day.

“Parties” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, estate, trust, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Piggyback Registration” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(i).

“Piggyback Registration Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(i).

“Piggyback Registration Request” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(i).

“Proceeding” means any action, claim, suit, proceeding or investigation (including a preliminary investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition) pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, to be threatened.

“Prospectus” means the prospectus included in a Registration Statement (including a prospectus that includes any information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A, Rule 430B or Rule 430C), as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement, with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement and all other amendments and supplements to the Prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus.

“Registrable Securities” means the Shares; provided, however, that Registrable Securities shall not include: (i) any Shares that have been registered under the Securities Act and disposed of pursuant to an effective Registration Statement or otherwise transferred to a Person who is not entitled to the registration and other rights hereunder; (ii) any Shares that have been sold or transferred by the Holder thereof pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act) and the transferee thereof does not receive “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144; and (iii) any Shares that are eligible for resale without restriction (including any limitation thereunder on volume or manner of sale) and without the need for current public information pursuant to any provision of Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in effect) under the Securities Act; and (iv) any Shares that cease to be outstanding (whether as a result of repurchase and cancellation, conversion or otherwise).

“Registration Expenses” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.

“Registration Statement” means a registration statement of the Company in the form required to register under the Securities Act and other applicable law the resale of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended plan of distribution of each Holder of Registrable Securities included therein, and including any Prospectus, amendments and supplements to each such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such registration statement.

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“Reorganization” has the meaning set forth in the preamble.

“Requested Underwritten Offering” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b).

“Requested Underwritten Offering Minimum Condition” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(iii).

“Rule 144” means Rule 144, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 405” means Rule 405, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 415” means Rule 415, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 424” means Rule 424, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 430A” means Rule 430A, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 430B” means Rule 430B, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Rule 430C” means Rule 430C, as amended from time to time, promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any successor thereto, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect from time to time.

“Selling Expenses” means all underwriting discounts, selling commissions and stock transfer taxes applicable to the sale of Registrable Securities and fees and disbursements of counsel for any Holder (except as set forth in Section 5).

“Shares” means (i) the shares of Common Stock held by the Holders as of the date hereof, and (ii) and any other equity interests of the Company or equity interests in any successor of the Company issued in respect of such shares by reason of or in connection with any stock dividend, stock split, combination, reorganization, recapitalization, conversion to another type of entity or similar event involving a change in the capital structure of the Company. For purposes of this Agreement, a Person shall be deemed to be a holder of Shares and such Shares shall be deemed to be in existence whenever such Person has the right to acquire such Shares (upon conversion, exchange or exercise in connection with a transfer of securities or otherwise, but disregarding any restrictions or limitations upon the exercise of such right other than vesting), whether or not such acquisition has actually been effected, and such Person shall be entitled to exercise the rights of a holder of Shares.

“Shelf Registration Statement” means a Registration Statement of the Company filed with the Commission on Form S-3 (or any successor form or other appropriate form under the Securities Act) for an offering to be made on a continuous or delayed basis pursuant to Rule 415 (or any similar rule that may be adopted by the Commission) or, if the Company is not then eligible to file on Form S-3, on Form S-1 or any other appropriate form under the Securities Act, or any successor rule that may be adopted by the Commission, and all amendments and supplements to such Registration Statement (including post-effective amendments), covering the Registrable Securities, as applicable.

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“Suspension Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 8(b).

“Trading Market” means the principal national securities exchange on which Registrable Securities are listed.

“Underwritten Offering” means an underwritten offering of Common Stock for cash (whether a Requested Underwritten Offering or in connection with a public offering of Common Stock by the Company, stockholders or both), excluding an offering relating solely to an employee benefit plan, an offering relating to a transaction on Form S-4 or S-8 or an offering on any registration statement form that does not permit secondary sales.

“Underwritten Offering Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b).

“Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(ii).

“Underwritten Offering Piggyback Request” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(ii).

“Underwritten Piggyback Offering” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(c)(ii).

“VWAP” means, as of a specified date and in respect of Registrable Securities, the volume weighted average price for such security on the Trading Market for the five trading days immediately preceding, but excluding, such date.

“WKSI” means a “well known seasoned issuer” as defined under Rule 405.

Unless the context requires otherwise: (a) any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms; (b) references to Sections refer to Sections of this Agreement; (c) the terms “include,” “includes,” “including” and words of like import shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”; (d) the terms “hereof,” “hereto,” “herein” or “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement; (e) unless the context otherwise requires, the term “or” is not exclusive and shall have the inclusive meaning of “and/or”; (f) defined terms herein will apply equally to both the singular and plural forms and derivative forms of defined terms will have correlative meanings; (g) references to any law or statute shall include all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and references to any law or statute shall be construed as including any legal and statutory provisions consolidating, amending, succeeding or replacing the applicable law or statute; (h) references to any Person include such Person’s successors and permitted assigns; and (i) references to “days” are to calendar days unless otherwise indicated.

2. Registration.

(a) Demand Registration.

(i) Any Holder(s) shall have the option and right, exercisable by delivering a written notice to the Company (a “Demand Notice”), to require the Company to, pursuant to the terms of and subject to the limitations contained in this Agreement, prepare and file with the Commission a Registration Statement registering the offering and sale of the number and type of Registrable Securities on the terms and conditions specified in the Demand Notice, which may include sales on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 pursuant to a Shelf Registration Statement (a “Demand Registration”). The Demand Notice must set forth the number of Registrable Securities that the Initiating Holder(s) intend to include in such Demand Registration and the intended methods of disposition thereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in no event shall the Company be required to effectuate a Demand Registration unless the Registrable Securities of the Initiating Holder(s) and their respective Affiliates to be included therein have an aggregate value, based on the VWAP as of the date of the Demand Notice, of at least $50 million (the “Minimum Amount”).

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(ii) Within five Business Days (or if the Registration Statement will be a Shelf Registration Statement or relates to an Overnight Underwritten Offering or “bought deal,” within two Business Days) after the receipt of a Demand Notice, the Company shall give written notice of such Demand Notice to all Holders and, within 60 Business Days after the receipt of the Demand Notice (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, within 45 days thereof), the Company shall, subject to the limitations of this Section 2(a), file a Registration Statement in accordance with the terms and conditions of, and the intended timing and method of disposition described in, the Demand Notice, which Registration Statement shall cover all of the Registrable Securities that the Holders shall in writing request to be included in the Demand Registration (such request to be given to the Company within three Business Days after receipt of notice of the Demand Notice given by the Company pursuant to this Section 2(a)(ii)). The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become and remain effective as soon as reasonably practicable after the filing thereof under the Securities Act until the earlier of (A) 180 days (or three years if a Shelf Registration Statement is requested) after the Effective Date of such Registration Statement or (B) the date on which all Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement have been sold or otherwise disposed of or such Shares are no longer Registrable Securities (the “Effectiveness Period”); provided, however, that such period shall be extended for a period of time equal to the period the Holders refrain from selling any securities included in such Registration Statement at the request of an underwriter of the Company or the Company pursuant to this Agreement.

(iii) Subject to the other limitations contained in this Agreement, the Company is not obligated hereunder to (A) file any Registration Statement pursuant to a Demand Registration within 90 days after the closing of a Requested Underwritten Offering, unless as a result of Section 2(d), the Requested Underwritten Offering includes less than (the “Requested Underwritten Offering Minimum Condition”) the lesser of (1) Registrable Securities of the Initiating Holder(s) having an aggregate value, based on the VWAP as of the effective date of the related Registration Statement, of $50 million, and (2) two-thirds of the number of Registrable Securities the Initiating Holder(s) set forth in the applicable Underwritten Offering Notice, or (B) effect a subsequent Demand Registration pursuant to a Demand Notice if a Registration Statement covering all of the Registrable Securities held by the Initiating Holder(s) shall have become and remains effective under the Securities Act and is sufficient to permit offers and sales of the number and type of Registrable Securities on the terms and conditions specified in the Demand Notice in accordance with the intended timing and method or methods of distribution thereof specified in the Demand Notice. No Demand Registration shall be deemed to have occurred for purposes of this Section 2(a)(iii) if the Registration Statement relating thereto does not become effective or is not maintained effective for its entire Effectiveness Period, in which case the Initiating Holder(s) shall be entitled to an additional Demand Registration in lieu thereof.

(iv) A Holder may withdraw all or any portion of its Registrable Securities included in a Demand Registration from such Demand Registration at any time prior to the effectiveness of the applicable Registration Statement. Upon receipt of a notice from an Initiating Holder that such Initiating Holder is withdrawing all of its Registrable Securities from the Demand Registration or a notice from a Holder to the effect that the Holder is withdrawing an amount of its Registrable Securities such that the remaining amount of Registrable Securities to be included in the Demand Registration is below the Minimum Amount, the Company shall cease all efforts to secure effectiveness of the applicable Registration Statement. Such registration nonetheless shall be deemed a Demand Registration with respect to an Initiating Holder for purposes of Section 2(a)(iii) unless (A) the Initiating Holder shall have paid or reimbursed the Company for its pro rata share of all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the withdrawn registration of such Registrable Securities (based on the number of securities such Initiating Holder sought to register, as compared to the total number of securities included in such Demand Registration) or (B) the withdrawal is made following the occurrence of a Material Adverse Change or pursuant to the Company’s request for suspension pursuant to Section 3(o).

(v) The Company may include in any such Demand Registration other Company Securities for sale for its own account or for the account of any other Person, subject to Section 2(d).

(vi) Subject to the limitations contained in this Agreement, the Company shall effect any Demand Registration on such appropriate registration form of the Commission (A) as shall be selected by the Company and (B) as shall permit the disposition of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method or methods of disposition specified in the Demand Notice; provided that if the Company becomes, and is at the time of its receipt of a Demand Notice, a WKSI, the Demand Registration for any offering and selling of Registrable Securities shall be effected pursuant to an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement, which shall be on Form S-3 or any equivalent or successor form under the Securities Act (if available to the Company). If at any time a Registration Statement on Form S-3 is effective and a Holder provides written notice to the Company that it intends to effect an offering of all or part of the Registrable Securities included on such Registration Statement, the Company will amend or supplement such Registration Statement as may be necessary in order to enable such offering to take place.

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(vii) Without limiting Section 3, in connection with any Demand Registration pursuant to and in accordance with this Section 2(a), the Company shall (A) promptly prepare and file or cause to be prepared and filed (1) such additional forms, amendments, supplements, prospectuses, certificates, letters, opinions and other documents, as may be necessary or advisable to register or qualify the securities subject to such Demand Registration, including under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Holders shall reasonably request; provided, however, that no such qualification shall be required in any jurisdiction where, as a result thereof, the Company would become subject to general service of process or to taxation or qualification to do business in such jurisdiction solely as a result of registration and (2) such forms, amendments, supplements, prospectuses, certificates, letters, opinions and other documents as may be necessary to apply for listing or to list the Registrable Securities subject to such Demand Registration on the Trading Market and (B) do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or appropriate or reasonably requested by the Holders to enable the Holders to consummate a public sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended timing and method or methods of distribution thereof.

(viii) In the event a Holder transfers Registrable Securities included on a Registration Statement and such Registrable Securities remain Registrable Securities following such transfer, at the request of such Holder, the Company shall amend or supplement such Registration Statement as may be necessary in order to enable such transferee to offer and sell such Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement; provided that in no event shall the Company be required to file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement unless (A) such Registration Statement includes only Registrable Securities held by the Holder, Affiliates of the Holder or transferees of the Holder or (B) the Company has received written consent therefor from a Person for whom Registrable Securities have been registered on (but not yet sold under) such Registration Statement, other than the Holder, Affiliates of the Holder or transferees of the Holder.

(b) Requested Underwritten Offering. Any Initiating Holder(s) then able to effectuate a Demand Registration pursuant to the terms of Section 2(a), ignoring for purposes of such determination Section 2(a)(iii)(B), shall have the option and right, exercisable by delivering written notice to the Company of its intention to distribute Registrable Securities by means of an Underwritten Offering (an “Underwritten Offering Notice”), to require the Company, pursuant to the terms of and subject to the limitations of this Agreement, to effectuate a distribution of any or all of its Registrable Securities by means of an Underwritten Offering pursuant to a new Demand Registration or pursuant to an effective Registration Statement covering such Registrable Securities (a “Requested Underwritten Offering”); provided, that the Registrable Securities of such Holder(s) requested to be included in such Requested Underwritten Offering have an aggregate value of at least equal to the Minimum Amount as of the date of such Underwritten Offering Notice. The Underwritten Offering Notice must set forth the number of Registrable Securities that such Holder intends to include in such Requested Underwritten Offering. The Managing Underwriter of a Requested Underwritten Offering shall be designated by the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is not obligated to effect more than a total of three Requested Underwritten Offerings (but no more than two in any 12-month period); provided that the Company will not be obligated to effect a Requested Underwritten Offering within 120 days of a previously granted Requested Underwritten Offering.

(c) Piggyback Registration and Piggyback Underwritten Offering.

(i) If the Company shall at any time propose to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to an offering of Common Stock (other than a registration statement on Form S-4, Form S-8 or any successor forms thereto or filed solely in connection with an exchange offer or any employee benefit or dividend reinvestment plan and other than a Demand Registration), whether or not for its own account, then the Company shall promptly notify all Holders of such proposal reasonably in advance of (and in any event at least five Business Days, except if the Registration Statement will be a Shelf Registration Statement, at least three Business Days, before) the anticipated filing date (the “Piggyback Registration Notice”). The Piggyback Registration Notice shall offer Holders the opportunity to include for registration in such registration statement the number of Registrable Securities as they may request in writing (a “Piggyback Registration”). The Company shall use commercially

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reasonable efforts to include in each such Piggyback Registration such Registrable Securities for which the Company has received written requests for inclusion therein (“Piggyback Registration Request”) within three Business Days after sending the Piggyback Registration Notice. Each Holder shall be permitted to withdraw all or part of such Holder’s Registrable Securities from a Piggyback Registration by giving written notice to the Company of its request to withdraw; provided that such request must be made in writing prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement and such withdrawal shall be irrevocable and, after making such withdrawal, a Holder shall no longer have any right to include Registrable Securities in the Piggyback Registration as to which such withdrawal was made. Any withdrawing Holder shall continue to have the right to include any Registrable Securities in any subsequent registration statement or registration statements as may be filed by the Company with respect to offerings of Common Stock, all upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.

(ii) If the Company shall at any time propose to conduct an Underwritten Offering (including a Requested Underwritten Offering), whether or not for its own account, then the Company shall promptly notify all Holders of such proposal reasonably in advance of (and in any event at least two Business Days before in connection with a “bought deal” or Overnight Underwritten Offering or pursuant to a Shelf Registration Statement) the commencement of the offering, which notice shall set forth the principal terms and conditions of the issuance, including the proposed offering price (or range of offering prices), the anticipated filing date of the related registration statement (if applicable) and the number of shares of Common Stock that are proposed to be registered (the “Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice”). Receipt of any Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice required to be provided in this Section 2(c)(ii) to Holders shall be kept confidential by the Holder until such proposed Underwritten Offering is (A) publicly announced or (B) such Holder receives notice that such proposed Underwritten Offering has been abandoned, which such notice shall be provided as reasonably practicable by the Company to each Holder. The Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice shall offer Holders the opportunity to include in such Underwritten Offering (and any related registration, if applicable) the number of Registrable Securities as they may request in writing (an “Underwritten Piggyback Offering”); provided, however, that in the event that the Company proposes to effectuate the subject Underwritten Offering pursuant to an effective Shelf Registration Statement of the Company other than an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement, only Registrable Securities of Holders which are subject to an effective Shelf Registration Statement may be included in such Underwritten Piggyback Offering, unless the Company is then able to file an Automatic Shelf Registration Statement and in the reasonable judgment of the Company, the filing of the same including Registrable Securities of Holders that are not otherwise included in an effective Shelf Registration Statement would not have a material adverse effect on the price, timing or distribution of the Common Stock in such Underwritten Piggyback Offering. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to include in each such Underwritten Piggyback Offering such Registrable Securities for which the Company has received written requests for inclusion therein (“Underwritten Offering Piggyback Request”) within three Business Days after sending the Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice (or one Business Day in connection with a “bought deal” or Overnight Underwritten Offering). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2(c)(ii), if the Underwritten Offering pursuant to this Section 2(c)(ii) is a “bought deal” (other than a variable price reoffer) or Overnight Underwritten Offering and the Managing Underwriter advises the Company that the giving of notice pursuant to this Section 2(c)(ii) would have an adverse effect on the price, timing or distribution of the Common Stock in such Underwritten Offering, no such notice shall be required. Each Holder shall be permitted to withdraw all or part of such Holder’s Registrable Securities from an Underwritten Piggyback Offering at any time, and such Holder shall continue to have the right to include any Registrable Securities in any subsequent Underwritten Offerings, all upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.

(iii) The Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under this Section 2(c) at any time in its sole discretion whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Securities in such Registration Statement. The Registration Expenses of such withdrawn registration shall be borne by the Company in accordance with Section 4 hereof.

(d) Priority in Underwritten Offerings. In connection with an Underwritten Offering, if the Managing Underwriter of any such Underwritten Offering advises the Company, and the Company advises the Holders in writing, that the total amount of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) that the Holders and any other Persons (including the Company) intend to include in such Underwritten Offering (and any related registration, if applicable) exceeds the number that can be included in such Underwritten Offering without being reasonably likely to have an adverse effect on the price, timing or distribution

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of the Common Stock offered or the market for the Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock), then the Common Stock to be included in such Underwritten Offering (in each case subject to the other terms and provisions of this Agreement) shall include the number of shares of Common Stock that such Managing Underwriter advises the Company can be sold without having such adverse effect, with such number to be allocated as follows (in each case, with respect to such Persons that have validly requested to include shares of Common Stock in such Underwritten Offering in accordance with this Agreement or otherwise pursuant to rights of registration granted by the Company):

(i) if the offering was initiated for and on behalf of the Company:

(A) first, to the Company; and

(B) second, to the Holders and to all other holders of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) entitled to participate in such Underwritten Offering, pro rata in accordance with the number of Registrable Securities then held by each such Holder and the number of shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) then held by such other holders;

(ii) in the case of a Requested Underwritten Offering:

(A) first, to the Holders, pro rata based on the relative number of Registrable Securities then held by each such Holder;

(B) second, to the Company; and

(C) third, pro rata among all other holders of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) entitled to participate in such Underwritten Offering, pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) , collectively, then held by such other holders;

(iii) if the offering was not initiated for and on behalf of the Company and was initiated for and on behalf of any holder of registration rights (other than any Holder):

(A) first, to such other holders, pro rata based on the number of shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock), collectively, held by such other holders;

(B) second, to the Company; and

(C) third, pro rata among all other holders of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) and the Holders proposed to be included in such offering based on the number of shares of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock) and Registrable Securities, as applicable, collectively, held by such other holders and the Holders.

3. Registration and Underwritten Offering Procedures.

The procedures to be followed by the Company and each Holder electing to sell Registrable Securities in a Registration Statement pursuant to this Agreement, and the respective rights and obligations of the Company and such Holders, with respect to the preparation, filing and effectiveness of such Registration Statement and the effectuation of any Underwritten Offering, are as follows:

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(a) In connection with a Demand Registration, the Company will, at least five Business Days prior to the anticipated filing of the Registration Statement and any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto (other than, after effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any filing made under the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement) (for purposes of this subsection, supplements and amendments shall not be deemed to include any filing that the Company is required to make pursuant to the Exchange Act or any amendments and supplements that do not materially alter the previous disclosure or do nothing more than name Holders and provide information with respect thereto), (i) furnish to such Holders copies of all such documents prior to filing and (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to address in each such document when so filed with the Commission such comments as such Holders reasonably shall propose prior to the filing thereof.

(b) In connection with a Piggyback Registration, Underwritten Piggyback Offering or a Requested Underwritten Offering, the Company will, at least three Business Days (or one Business Day in the case of any Overnight Underwritten Offering or “bought deal”) prior to the anticipated filing of any initial Registration Statement that identifies the Holders and any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto (other than amendments and supplements that do not materially alter the previous disclosure or do nothing more than name Holders and provide information with respect thereto), as applicable, (i) furnish to such Holders copies of any such Registration Statement or related Prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto that identify the Holders and any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto (other than amendments and supplements that do not materially alter the previous disclosure or do nothing more than name Holders and provide information with respect thereto) prior to filing and (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to address in each such document when so filed with the Commission such comments as such Holders reasonably shall propose prior to the filing thereof.

(c) The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to as promptly as reasonably practicable (i) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments, including post-effective amendments, and supplements to each Registration Statement and the Prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary under applicable law to keep such Registration Statement continuously effective with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered thereby for its Effectiveness Period and, subject to the limitations contained in this Agreement, prepare and file with the Commission such additional Registration Statements in order to register for resale under the Securities Act all of the Registrable Securities held by the Holders; (ii) cause the related Prospectus to be amended or supplemented by any required prospectus supplement, and as so supplemented or amended to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; and (iii) respond to any comments received from the Commission with respect to each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto and, as promptly as reasonably practicable provide such Holders true and complete copies of all correspondence from and to the Commission relating to such Registration Statement that pertains to such Holders as selling stockholders but not any comments that would result in the disclosure to such Holders of material and non-public information concerning the Company.

(d) The Company will comply in all material respects with the provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act with respect to the Registration Statements and the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by each Registration Statement.

(e) The Company will notify such Holders who are included in a Registration Statement as promptly as reasonably practicable: (i) (A) when a Prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement in which such Holder is included has been filed; (B) when the Commission notifies the Company whether there will be a “review” of the applicable Registration Statement and whenever the Commission comments in writing on such Registration Statement (in which case the Company shall provide true and complete copies thereof and all written responses thereto to each of such Holders that pertain to such Holders as selling stockholders); and (C) with respect to each applicable Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, when the same has been declared effective; (ii) of any request by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority for amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information that pertains to such Holders as sellers of Registrable Securities; (iii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of such Registration Statement covering any or all of the Registrable Securities or the initiation of any Proceedings for that purpose; (iv) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation or threatening of any Proceeding for such purpose; and (v) of the occurrence (but not the details) of any event or passage of time that makes any statement made in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires any revisions to such Registration Statement, Prospectus or other documents so that, as the case may be, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in the

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case of such Registration Statement, or include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the case of the Prospectus (provided, however, that no notice by the Company shall be required pursuant to this clause (v) in the event that the Company either promptly files a prospectus supplement to update the Prospectus or a Form 8-K or other appropriate Exchange Act report that is incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement, which in either case, contains the requisite information that results in such Registration Statement no longer containing any untrue statement of material fact or omitting to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in the case of such Registration Statement, or including any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the case of the Prospectus).

(f) The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the issuance of or, if issued, obtain the withdrawal of (i) any order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or (ii) any suspension of the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, as promptly as reasonably practicable, or if any such order or suspension is made effective during any Blackout Period or Suspension Period, as promptly as reasonably practicable after such Blackout Period or Suspension Period is over.

(g) During the Effectiveness Period, the Company will furnish to each such Holder, without charge, at least one conformed copy of each Registration Statement and each amendment thereto and all exhibits to the extent requested by such Holder (including those incorporated by reference) promptly after the filing of such documents with the Commission; provided, that the Company will not have any obligation to provide any document pursuant to this clause that is available on the Commission’s EDGAR system.

(h) The Company will promptly deliver to each Holder, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus or Prospectuses (including each form of prospectus) authorized by the Company for use and each amendment or supplement thereto as such Holder may reasonably request during the Effectiveness Period. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, including Section 8(b), the Company consents to the use of such Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Holders in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Securities covered by such Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto.

(i) The Company will cooperate with such Holders to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates or book-entry notations representing Registrable Securities to be delivered to a transferee pursuant to a Registration Statement, which certificates or book-entry notations shall be free of all restrictive legends indicating that the Registrable Securities are unregistered or unqualified for resale under the Securities Act, Exchange Act or other applicable securities laws, and to enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as any such Holder may request in writing. In connection therewith, if required by the Company’s transfer agent, the Company will promptly, after the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, cause an opinion of counsel as to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement to be delivered to and maintained with its transfer agent, together with any other authorizations, certificates and directions required by the transfer agent which authorize and direct the transfer agent to issue such Registrable Securities without any such legend upon sale by the Holder of such Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement.

(j) Upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 3(e)(v), as promptly as reasonably practicable, the Company will prepare a supplement or amendment, including a post-effective amendment, if required by applicable law, to the affected Registration Statement or a supplement to the related Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference, and file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered, no Registration Statement will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, nor will any Prospectus include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

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(k) With respect to Underwritten Offerings, subject to the right of a Holder to withdraw such Holder’s Registrable Securities from an Underwritten Offering in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, (i) the right of any Holder to include such Holder’s Registrable Securities in an Underwritten Offering shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable Securities in the underwriting to the extent provided herein, (ii) each Holder participating in such Underwritten Offering severally agrees to enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form and sell such Holder’s Registrable Securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the Persons entitled to select the Managing Underwriter hereunder and (iii) each Holder participating in such Underwritten Offering severally agrees to complete and execute all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements, lock-up agreements and other documents customarily and reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements. Any such underwriting agreement to be entered into among the Company, managing underwriter of such offering and each Holder participating in such Underwritten Offering shall contain representations and warranties by such Holders and such other terms and provisions as are customarily contained in underwriting agreements with respect to secondary distributions on the part of selling stockholders. The Company hereby agrees with each Holder that, in connection with any Underwritten Offering in accordance with the terms hereof, it will negotiate in good faith and execute all indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements, including using all commercially reasonable efforts to procure customary legal opinions, auditor “comfort” letters and reports of the independent mining engineers and geologists of the Company relating to the mineral reserves of the Company included in the Registration Statement if the Company has had its reserves prepared, audited or reviewed by an independent mining engineer or geologist.

(l) For a reasonable period prior to the filing of any Registration Statement and throughout the Effectiveness Period, the Company will make available, upon reasonable notice at the Company’s principal place of business or such other reasonable place, for inspection during normal business hours by a representative or representatives of the selling Holders, the Managing Underwriter and any attorneys or accountants retained by such selling Holders or underwriters, all such financial and other information and books and records of the Company, and cause the officers, employees, counsel, independent certified public accountants and independent mining engineers and geologists of the Company to respond to such inquiries, as shall be reasonably necessary (and in the case of counsel, not violate an attorney-client privilege in such counsel’s reasonable belief) to conduct a reasonable investigation within the meaning of Section 11 of the Securities Act; provided, however, that any information that is not generally publicly available at the time of delivery of such information shall be kept confidential by such Persons unless disclosure of such information is required by court or administrative order or, in the opinion of counsel to such Person, law, in which case, such Person shall be required to give the Company written notice of the proposed disclosure prior to such disclosure and, if requested by the Company, assist the Company in seeking to prevent or limit the proposed disclosure.

(m) In connection with any Requested Underwritten Offering, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to take such actions as the Holders reasonably request in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities subject to such Requested Underwritten Offering and to cause appropriate officers and employees to be available, on a customary basis and upon reasonable notice, to meet with prospective investors in presentations, meetings and road shows.

(n) Each Holder agrees to furnish to the Company any other information regarding the Holder and the distribution of such securities as the Company reasonably determines is required to be included in any Registration Statement or any Prospectus or prospectus supplement relating to an Underwritten Offering.

(o) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall not be required to file a Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto) or effect a Requested Underwritten Offering (or, if the Company has filed a Shelf Registration Statement and has included Registrable Securities therein, the Company shall be entitled to suspend the offer and sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement) for a period of up to 90 days if (i) the Board determines that a postponement is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders generally due to a pending financing, acquisition, corporate reorganization, merger, share exchange or other transaction or event involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries (including a pending securities offering by the Company), (ii) the Board determines such registration would render the Company unable to comply with applicable securities laws or (iii) the Board determines such registration would require disclosure of material information that the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential (any such period, a “Blackout Period”); provided that in no event shall any Blackout Periods, any Suspension Periods and any Holder Lock-Up Periods collectively continue for more than 120 days in the aggregate during any consecutive 12-month

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period. Each Holder agrees that the receipt of any notice pursuant to this Section 3(o) does not constitute MNPI, but nevertheless shall be kept confidential and not be disclosed without the prior written consent of the Company until such time as the information contained therein is or becomes available to the public generally, other than as a result of disclosure by the Holder in breach of the terms of this Agreement.

(p) In connection with an Underwritten Offering, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to provide to each Holder named as a selling securityholder in any Registration Statement a copy of any auditor “comfort” letters, customary legal opinions or reports of the independent mining engineers and geologists of the Company relating to the mineral reserves of the Company, in each case that have been provided to the Managing Underwriter in connection with the Underwritten Offering, not later than the Business Day prior to the effective date of such Registration Statement.

(q) In connection with any Underwritten Offering, any Holder that together with its Affiliates owns ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding Common Stock, shall execute a customary “lock-up” agreement with the underwriters of such Underwritten Offering containing a lock-up period equal to the shorter of (A) the shortest number of days that a director of the Company, “executive officer” (as defined under Section 16 of the Exchange Act) of the Company or any stockholder of the Company (other than a Holder or director or employee of, or consultant to, the Company) who owns ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding Common Stock contractually agrees to with the underwriters of such Underwritten Offering not to sell any securities of the Company following such Underwritten Offering and (B) 90 days from the date of the execution of the underwriting agreement with respect to such Underwritten Offering (each such period, a “Holder Lock-Up Period”).

(r) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Holder may make a written election (an “Opt-Out Election”) to no longer receive from the Company any Demand Notice, Piggyback Registration Notice or Underwritten Offering Piggyback Notice (each, a “Covered Notice”), and, following receipt of such Opt-Out Election, the Company shall not be required to, and shall not, deliver any such Covered Notice to such Holder from the date of receipt of such Opt-Out Election and such Holder shall have no right to participate in any Registration Statement or Underwritten Offering as to which such Covered Notices pertain. An Opt-Out Election shall remain in effect until it has been revoked in writing and received by the Company. A Holder who previously has given the Company an Opt-Out Election may revoke such election at any time in writing, and there shall be no limit on the ability of a Holder to issue and revoke subsequent Opt-Out Elections.

4. No Inconsistent Agreements; Additional Rights. The Company shall not hereafter enter into, and is not currently a party to, any agreement with respect to its securities that is inconsistent in any material respect with rights granted to the Holders by this Agreement.

5. Registration Expenses. All Registration Expenses incident to the Parties’ performance of or compliance with their respective obligations under this Agreement or otherwise in connection with any Demand Registration, Requested Underwritten Offering, Piggyback Registration or Underwritten Piggyback Offering (in each case, excluding any Selling Expenses) shall be borne by the Company, whether or not any Registrable Securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement. “Registration Expenses” shall include, without limitation, (i) all registration and filing fees (including fees and expenses (A) with respect to filings required to be made with the Trading Market, (B) in compliance with applicable state securities or “Blue Sky” laws and (C) with respect to filings with The Financial Industry Regulation Authority), (ii) printing expenses (including expenses of printing certificates for Company Securities and of printing Prospectuses if the printing of Prospectuses is reasonably requested by a Holder of Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement), (iii) messenger, telephone and delivery expenses, (iv) fees and disbursements of counsel, auditors, accountants and independent mining engineers and geologists for the Company, (v) Securities Act liability insurance, if the Company so desires such insurance, (vi) fees and expenses of all other Persons retained by the Company in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (vii) the fees and expenses of one law firm of national standing selected by the Holders owning the majority of the Registrable Securities to be included in any such registration or offering and (viii) all expenses relating to marketing the sale of the Registrable Securities, including expenses related to conducting a “road show.” In addition, the Company shall be responsible for all of its expenses incurred in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including expenses payable to third parties and including all salaries and expenses of their officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit and the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities on the Trading Market.

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6. Indemnification.

(a) The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Holder, its Affiliates and each of their respective officers and directors and any agent thereof, and each other Person, if any, who Controls any Holder within the meaning of the Securities Act (collectively, “Holder Indemnified Persons”), to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, costs (including reasonable costs of preparation and reasonable attorneys’ fees) and expenses, judgments, fines, penalties, interest, settlements or other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or Proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which any Holder Indemnified Person may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, under the Securities Act or otherwise (collectively, “Losses”), as incurred, arising out of or relating to any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement under which any Registrable Securities were registered, in any preliminary prospectus (if the Company authorized the use of such preliminary prospectus prior to the Effective Date), or in any summary or final prospectus or free writing prospectus (if such free writing prospectus was authorized for use by the Company) or in any amendment or supplement thereto (if used during the period the Company is required to keep the Registration Statement current), or arising out of or based upon the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein not misleading, in the case of the Registration Statement, or arising out of or based upon the omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the case of any preliminary prospectus (if the Company authorized the use of such preliminary prospectus prior to the Effective Date), or in any summary or final prospectus or free writing prospectus (if such free writing prospectus was authorized for use by the Company) or in any amendment or supplement thereto (if used during the period the Company is required to keep the Registration Statement current); provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable to any Holder Indemnified Person to the extent that any such claim arises out of, is based upon or results from an untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in such Registration Statement, such preliminary, summary or final prospectus or free writing prospectus or such amendment or supplement, in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Holder Indemnified Person specifically for use in the preparation thereof. The Company shall notify the Holders promptly of the institution, threat or assertion of any Proceeding of which the Company is aware in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. This indemnity shall be in addition to any liability the Company may otherwise have and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Holder Indemnified Person or any indemnified party and shall survive the transfer of such securities by such Holder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, this Section 6 shall survive any termination or expiration of this Agreement indefinitely.

(b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder participates, such Holder shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its Affiliates and each of their respective officers, directors and any agent thereof, and each other Person, if any, who Controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all Losses as incurred, arising out of or relating to any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any such Registration Statement, in any preliminary prospectus (if used prior to the Effective Date of such Registration Statement), or in any summary or final prospectus or free writing prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto (if used during the period the Company is required to keep the Registration Statement current), or arising out of or based upon the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein not misleading, in the case of the Registration Statement, or arising out of or based upon the omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the case of any preliminary prospectus (if used prior to the Effective Date of such Registration Statement), or in any summary or final prospectus or free writing prospectus (if such free writing prospectus was authorized for use by the Company) or in any amendment or supplement thereto (if used during the period the Company is required to keep the Registration Statement current), but only to the extent that the same are made in reliance and in conformity with information relating to the Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein. This indemnity shall be in addition to any liability such Holder may otherwise have and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or any indemnified party. In no event shall the liability of any selling Holder hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds received by such Holder from the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such indemnification obligation.

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(c) Any Person entitled to indemnification hereunder shall (i) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with respect to which it seeks indemnification and (ii) unless in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim or there may be reasonable defenses available to the indemnified party that are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not be subject to any liability for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent will not be unreasonably withheld). An indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to, assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party there may be one or more legal or equitable defenses available to such indemnified party that are in addition to or may conflict with those available to another indemnified party with respect to such claim. Failure to give prompt written notice shall not release the indemnifying party from its obligations hereunder.

(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 6 is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to an indemnified party with respect to any Losses referred to herein, the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party thereunder, shall to the extent permitted by applicable law contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such Losses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party, on the one hand, and of the indemnified party, on the other, in connection with the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission to state a material fact that resulted in such Losses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and of the indemnified party shall be determined by a court of law by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party or by the indemnified party and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission; provided, that in no event shall any contribution by a Holder hereunder exceed the net proceeds from the offering received by such Holder.

7. Facilitation of Sales Pursuant to Rule 144. The Company shall timely file the reports required to be filed by it under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act (including the reports under Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act referred to in subparagraph (c)(1) of Rule 144), and shall take such further action as any Holder may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable the Holders to sell Registrable Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitations of the exemption provided by Rule 144. Upon the request of any Holder in connection with that Holder’s sale pursuant to Rule 144, the Company shall deliver to such Holder a written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements.

8. Miscellaneous.

(a) Remedies. In the event of actual or potential breach by the Company of any of its obligations under this Agreement, each Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law and under this Agreement, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Agreement. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not provide adequate compensation for any losses incurred by reason of a breach by it of any of the provisions of this Agreement and further agrees that, in the event of any action for specific performance in respect of such breach, it shall waive the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(b) Discontinued Disposition. Subject to the last sentence of Section 3(o), each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of a notice from the Company of the occurrence of any event of the kind described in clauses (ii) through (v) of Section 3(e), such Holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of such Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemental Prospectus or amended

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Registration Statement as contemplated by Section 3(j) or until it is advised in writing by the Company that the use of the applicable Prospectus may be resumed, and, in either case, has received copies of any additional or supplemental filings that are incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus or Registration Statement (a “Suspension Period”). The Company may provide appropriate stop orders to enforce the provisions of this Section 8(b).

(c) Amendments and Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended except in a written instrument signed by the Company and Holders that hold a majority of the Registrable Securities as of the date of such waiver or amendment; provided, that any waiver or amendment that would have a disproportionate adverse effect on a Holder relative to the other Holders shall require the consent of such Holder. The Company shall provide prior notice to all Holders of any proposed waiver or amendment. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any Party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

(d) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or electronic mail as specified in this Section 8(d) prior to 5:00 p.m. Central Time on a Business Day, (ii) the Business Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or electronic mail as specified in this Agreement later than 5:00 p.m. Central Time on any date and earlier than 11:59 p.m. Central Time on such date, (iii) the Business Day following the date of mailing, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service (iv) upon actual receipt by the Party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as follows:

(e) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns. Except as provided in this Section 8(e), this Agreement, and any rights or obligations hereunder, may not be assigned without the prior written consent of the Company (acting through the Board) and the Holders. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing to the contrary, the rights of a Holder pursuant to this Agreement with respect to all or any portion of its Registrable Securities may be assigned without such consent (but only with all related obligations) with respect to such Registrable Securities (and any Registrable Securities issued as a dividend or other distribution with respect to, in exchange for or in replacement of such Registrable Securities) by such Holder to a transferee of such Registrable Securities; provided (i) the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer, furnished with written notice of the name and address of such transferee or assignee and the Registrable Securities with respect to which such registration rights are being assigned, (ii) either (A) the transferee of such Registrable Securities is an Affiliate of the transferring Holder or (B) the amount of Registrable Securities with respect to which such registration rights are being assigned is equal to at least three percent (3%) of all shares of Common Stock, collectively outstanding as of the consummation of such transfer and (iii) such transferee or assignee agrees in writing to be bound by and subject to the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Company may not assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Holders.

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(f) No Third Party Beneficiaries. Nothing in this Agreement, whether express or implied, shall be construed to give any Person, other than the Parties or their respective successors and permitted assigns, any legal or equitable right, remedy, claim or benefit under or in respect of this Agreement.

(g) Execution and Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile or electronic mail transmission, such signature shall create a valid binding obligation of the Party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) the same with the same force and effect as if such signature delivered by facsimile or electronic mail transmission were the original thereof.

(h) Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the state of Delaware. Each of the Parties irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the state of Delaware and the United States District Court for the district of Delaware and the appellate courts therefrom for the purpose of any suit, action, proceeding or judgment relating to or arising out of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. Service of process in connection with any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on each Party anywhere in the world by the same methods as are specified for the giving of notices under this Agreement. Each of the Parties irrevocably waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such courts and irrevocably waives any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. EACH OF THE PARTIES HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO REQUEST A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LITIGATION WITH RESPECT TO THIS AGREEMENT AND REPRESENTS THAT COUNSEL HAS BEEN CONSULTED SPECIFICALLY AS TO THIS WAIVER.

(i) Cumulative Remedies. The remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.

(j) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the Parties shall use their reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the Parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

(k) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior contracts or agreements with respect to the subject matter hereof and the matters addressed or governed hereby, whether oral or written.

(l) Termination. Except for Section 6, this Agreement shall terminate as to any Holder, when all Registrable Securities held by such Holder no longer constitute Registrable Securities.

[THIS SPACE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement

Signature Page to Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement

Exhibit 10.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS’ AGREEMENT

This AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS’ AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of October 2, 2023, is entered into by and among Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (f/k/a New Atlas HoldCo Inc.), a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), AESI Holdings Inc. (f/k/a Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.), a Delaware corporation (“Old Atlas”), and the Principal Stockholders (as defined herein).

WHEREAS, Old Atlas and the Principal Stockholders previously entered into that certain Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2023 (the “Existing Stockholders’ Agreement”), to set forth certain understandings among themselves;

WHEREAS, on July 31, 2023, the Company, Old Atlas, Atlas Sand Operating, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, majority owned subsidiary of Old Atlas, AESI Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Pubco Merger Sub”), Atlas Operating Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and Atlas Sand Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, entered into that certain Master Reorganization Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, Pubco Merger Sub will be merged with and into Old Atlas and Old Atlas will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Reorganization”);

WHEREAS, after the closing of the Reorganization, the Principal Stockholders will own shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”);and

WHEREAS, in connection with the Reorganization, Old Atlas and the Principal Stockholders desire to amend and restate the Existing Stockholders’ Agreement, pursuant to which the Company shall assume the obligations of Old Atlas described therein, as set forth in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

Section 1.1 Certain Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, a Person that directly or indirectly Controls or is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such specified Person; provided that, for purposes of this Agreement, none of the Principal Stockholders shall be deemed to be Affiliates of the Company and its Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement, no party to this Agreement shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of another party to this Agreement solely by reason of the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

“Beneficial Owner” of a security is a Person who directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares (a) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, such security and/or (b) investment power, which includes the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such security. The terms “Beneficially Own” and “Beneficial Ownership” shall have correlative meanings. For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Agreement, each Principal Stockholder is deemed to Beneficially Own the shares of Common Stock owned by it and no party hereto is deemed to Beneficially Own shares of Common Stock of another party hereto, notwithstanding the fact that such shares are subject to this Agreement.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Brigham Director” means any such individual whom the Brigham Representative shall nominate or designate pursuant to Section 2.1 and who is thereafter appointed or elected to the Board to serve as a director.

“Brigham Representative” means Ben M. Brigham; provided that in accordance with Section 2.5 in the event of Ben M. Brigham’s Disability, it shall mean (i) Anne Brigham; (ii) upon each of Ben M. Brigham’s and Anne Brigham’s Disability, it shall mean David Brigham; and (iii) upon each of Ben M. Brigham’s, Anne Brigham’s and David Brigham’s Disability, it shall mean Vince Brigham.

“Bylaws” means the bylaws of the Company, as may be amended and restated from time to time.

“Certificate of Incorporation” means the certificate of incorporation of the Company, as may be amended and restated from time to time.

“Common Stock” has the meaning given to such term in the recitals hereto.

“Control” (including the terms “Controls,” “Controlled by” and “under common Control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

“Disability” means the Brigham Representative’s inability to (a) act prudently with respect to matters concerning the corporate governance of the Company, including in the exercise of the Brigham Representative’s approval and designation rights under this Agreement, and (b) engage reasonably in discussions with other Principal Stockholders regarding the composition of the Board or any proposed action subject to the Brigham Representative’s approval under Section 2.4, in each case, as a result of a mental or physical impairment that is continuing, or can reasonably be expected to continue, for (i) 90 consecutive days or (ii) any 180 days, whether or not consecutive (or for any longer period as may be required by applicable law), in any 12-month period. A determination of whether a Disability exists shall be made following the delivery of a written notice by any Principal Stockholder to the other parties hereto and the Board including a statement that such Principal Stockholder in good faith believes that a question exists as to whether the Brigham Representative has a Disability and a request that a determination be made thereon, by mutual agreement of (A) an independent physician selected by the Brigham Representative (or a personal representative designated by the Brigham Representative) and (B) an independent physician selected by a majority of the directors then serving on Board that qualify as

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“independent” for purposes of the Exchange Act and rules and regulations of the principal exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed; provided, however, that, if the opinion of the Brigham Representative’s physician and the Board’s physician conflict, such physicians shall together agree upon and select a third independent physician, whose opinion shall be binding. In the event a question arises as to whether the Brigham Representative has a Disability, the Brigham Representative shall reasonably cooperate in all respects with the other Principal Stockholders and the Board in order to facilitate a determination thereon for purposes of this Agreement, including (x) submitting to examinations by any medical doctors or other health care specialists, (y) authorizing the disclosure and release of all supporting medical records to any such medical doctors or other specialists and (z) authorizing any such medical doctors or other specialists to discuss matters concerning the Brigham Representative’s physical and mental condition with the Board and the other Principal Stockholders.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Existing Stockholders’ Agreement” has the meaning given to such term in the recitals hereto.

“Necessary Action” means, with respect to a specified result, all actions (to the extent such actions are permitted by applicable law and within such party’s control) necessary to cause such result, including (i) voting or providing a written consent or proxy with respect to shares of Common Stock, (ii) causing the adoption of stockholders’ resolutions and amendments to the organizational documents of the Company, (iii) executing agreements and instruments and (iv) making, or causing to be made, with governmental, administrative or regulatory authorities, all filings, registrations or similar actions that are required to achieve such result.

“Person” means any individual, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, trust, business association, organization, any court, administrative agency, regulatory body, commission or other governmental authority, board, bureau or instrumentality, domestic or foreign and any subdivision thereof or other entity, and also includes any managed investment account.

“Principal Stockholder” means the stockholders identified on the signature pages hereto or any other Persons signatory hereto from time to time, including in accordance with Section 4.9 hereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Brigham Representative, other than Ben M. Brigham, shall not be a Principal Stockholder as defined in this Agreement.

“Reorganization” has the meaning given to such term in the recitals hereto.

“Transfer” means, directly or indirectly (whether by merger, operation of law or otherwise), to sell, transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of or encumber any direct or indirect economic, voting or other rights in or to any Common Stock, including by means of (i) the Transfer of an interest in a Person that directly or indirectly holds such Common Stock or (ii) a hedge, swap or other derivative. “Transferred” and “Transferring” shall have correlative meanings.

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Section 1.2 Rules of Construction.

(a) Unless the context requires otherwise: (i) any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms; (ii) references to Articles and Sections refer to articles and sections of this Agreement; (iii) the terms “include,” “includes,” “including” and words of like import shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”; (iv) the terms “hereof,” “hereto,” “herein” or “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement; (v) unless the context otherwise requires, the term “or” is not exclusive and shall have the inclusive meaning of “and/or”; (vi) defined terms herein will apply equally to both the singular and plural forms and derivative forms of defined terms will have correlative meanings; (vii) references to any law or statute shall include all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and references to any law or statute shall be construed as including any legal and statutory provisions consolidating, amending, succeeding or replacing the applicable law or statute; (viii) references to any Person include such Person’s successors and permitted assigns; and (ix) references to “days” are to calendar days unless otherwise indicated.

(b) The headings in this Agreement are for convenience and identification only and are not intended to describe, interpret, define or limit the scope, extent or intent of this Agreement or any provision thereof.

(c) This Agreement shall be construed without regard to any presumption or other rule requiring construction against the party that drafted or caused this Agreement to be drafted

ARTICLE II

GOVERNANCE MATTERS

Section 2.1 Designees.

(a) Brigham Designees.

(i) For so long as the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own greater than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Brigham Representative shall have the right, but not the obligation, to determine the size of the Board and designate all members of the Board, including the right to designate such number of individuals to be included in the slate of directors to be nominated by the Board for election by the stockholders of the Company.

(ii) After the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively no longer Beneficially Own greater than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Brigham Representative shall have the right, but not the obligation, to designate the following number of members of the Board, including the right to designate such number of individuals to be included in the slate of directors to be nominated by the Board for election by the stockholders of the Company such that, after such election, the Board will include the number of directors set forth below:

(A) four (4) directors, so long as the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own at least 35% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock;

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(B) three (3) directors, so long as the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own at least 25% but no greater than 35% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock;

(C) two (2) directors, so long as the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own at least 10% but no greater than 25% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock; and

(D) one (1) director, so long as the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own at least 5% but no greater than 10% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. If the Principal Stockholders and any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own less than 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Brigham Representative shall not have any right pursuant to this Agreement to designate any individuals to the Board.

(iii) Notwithstanding anything in Section 2.1(a)(ii) to the contrary, if the authorized size of the Board is increased or decreased at any time to constitute other than nine (9) directors, the number of directors that the Brigham Representative is entitled to designate to the Board pursuant to Section 2.1(a)(ii) shall be proportionately increased or decreased, respectively, rounded to the nearest whole number. In the event that the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation provides for a classified Board, then proper provision shall be made such that the individuals designated to the Board by the Brigham Representative are distributed as evenly as possible among the classes of directors.

(iv) The Company agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to take all Necessary Action to effectuate the above, and not to take any action that would be reasonably expected to result in any of the above not becoming effectuated, including by: (A) including the persons designated pursuant to this Section 2.1 in the slate of nominees recommended by the Board for election at any meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors; (B) nominating and recommending each such individual to be elected as a director as provided herein; (C) soliciting proxies or consents in favor thereof; (D) filling vacancies of the Board with individuals designated by the Brigham Representative; (E) if necessary, expanding the size of the Board and filling any resulting vacancies with individuals designated by the Brigham Representative; and (F) causing any director resignation or similar policy of the Company to not be applicable to the Brigham Directors. The Company is entitled to identify each such individual nominated pursuant to this Section 2.1(a) as a Brigham Director pursuant to this Agreement. In order to facilitate the Company’s performance of its obligations under this Section 2.1(a)(iv), the Brigham Representative agrees to provide to the Company, as reasonably requested by the Company, such information about any applicable designees of the Brigham Representative to ensure compliance with the Exchange Act, and other applicable securities laws and to enable the Board to make any determinations as to whether such designee is independent under the Exchange Act or other applicable securities laws or under the rules of the principal exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed.

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(b) In the event that the Brigham Representative has designated to the Board fewer than the total number of individuals it is entitled to designate pursuant to Section 2.1(a), the Brigham Representative shall have the right, at any time, to designate such additional individuals to which it is entitled, in which case the Company and the directors shall take all Necessary Action, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to (i) enable the Brigham Representative to designate and effect the election or appointment of such additional individuals, whether by increasing the size of the Board or otherwise, and (ii) designate each such additional individual nominated by the Brigham Representative to fill such newly-created vacancies or to fill any other existing vacancies.

(c) So long as the Brigham Representative is entitled to designate one or more nominees pursuant to Section 2.1(a), the Brigham Representative shall have the right to request the removal of any Brigham Director (with or without cause) designated by it, from time to time and at any time, from the Board, exercisable upon written notice to the Company, and the Company and the Principal Stockholders shall, and the Principal Stockholders shall cause any of their Affiliates to, take all Necessary Action to cause such removal.

(d) For so long as the Brigham Representative is entitled to designate any members of the Board pursuant to Section 2.1(a), the Company shall take all Necessary Action to cause each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board to include in its membership at least one Brigham Director, except to the extent that such membership would violate applicable securities laws or stock exchange or stock market rules.

(e) Nothing in this Section 2.1 shall be deemed to require that any party hereto, or any Affiliate thereof, act or be in violation of any applicable provision of law, regulation, legal duty or requirement or stock exchange or stock market rule of any national securities exchange upon which the Common Stock is admitted for trading.

(f) Vacancies. If a vacancy is created on the Board at any time by the death, disability, resignation or removal (whether by the Brigham Representative or otherwise in accordance with this Agreement or the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws) of a Brigham Director, then the Brigham Representative shall be entitled to designate an individual to fill the vacancy so long as the total number of persons that will serve on the Board as Brigham Directors designated by the Brigham Representative immediately following the filling of such vacancy will not exceed the total number of persons the Brigham Representative is entitled to designate pursuant to Section 2.1(a) on the date of such replacement designation. The Company and the Principal Stockholders shall, and the Principal Stockholders shall cause any of their Affiliates to, take all Necessary Action to cause such replacement Brigham Director to become a member of the Board pursuant to this Section 2.1(f).

(g) Compensation; Indemnification. Each Brigham Director shall be entitled to the same reimbursement, advancement, exculpation and indemnification in connection with his or her role as a director as the other members of the Board, as well as reimbursement for documented, reasonable, out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board or any committee of the Board of which such Brigham Director is a member, if any, in each case to the same extent as the other members of the Board. Each Brigham Director who is not an employee of the Company shall be also entitled to any retainer, equity compensation or other fees or compensation paid to the non-employee directors of the Company for their services as a director, including any service on any committee of the Board.

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Section 2.2 Principal Stockholders’ Agreement to Vote. From and after the date hereof, each Principal Stockholder shall, and each Principal Stockholder shall cause each of its Affiliates to:

(a) cause its respective shares of Common Stock to be present for quorum purposes at any meeting of stockholders of the Company at which directors shall be elected (or any action by stockholder consent to elect directors in lieu of a stockholder meeting); and

(b) cause its respective shares of Common Stock to be voted in favor of the election of each Brigham Director designated and nominated for election at such meeting in accordance with this Agreement (or any action by stockholder consent to elect directors in lieu of a stockholder meeting).

Section 2.3 Restrictions on Other Agreements. No Principal Stockholder shall, or permit any of its Affiliates to, directly or indirectly, grant any proxy or enter into or agree to be bound by any voting trust, agreement or arrangement of any kind with respect to its shares of Common Stock if and to the extent the terms thereof conflict with the provisions of this Agreement (whether or not such proxy, voting trust, agreement or agreements are with other Principal Stockholders, Affiliates of any Principal Stockholders or holders of shares of Common Stock that are not parties to this Agreement or otherwise).

Section 2.4 Certain Actions. So long as the Principal Stockholders or any Affiliates of the Principal Stockholders collectively Beneficially Own at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, without the approval of the Brigham Representative, the Company shall not, and shall cause each of the Company’s subsidiaries not to:

(a) adopt or propose any amendment, modification or restatement of or supplement to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation;

(b) adopt or propose any amendment, modification or restatement of or supplement to the Company’s Bylaws;

(c) change the size of the Board, except as required by applicable law or pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, or upon the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office of a member of the Board; or

(d) issue any class or series of equity securities of the Company, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series will rank senior to the Common Stock as to voting rights, dividend rights or distribution rights upon the liquidation, winding up or dissolution of the Company.

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Section 2.5 The Brigham Representative Succession. The Brigham Representative’s designation rights described in Section 2.1 and the approval rights over certain Company actions described in Section 2.4 shall succeed as follows: (i) in the event of Ben M. Brigham’s Disability, to Anne Brigham; (ii) upon each of Ben M. Brigham’s and Anne Brigham’s Disability, to David Brigham; (iii) upon each of Ben M. Brigham’s, Anne Brigham’s and David Brigham’s Disability, to Vince Brigham; and (iv) upon each of Ben M. Brigham’s, Anne Brigham’s, David Brigham’s and Vince Brigham’s Disability, this Agreement shall terminate.

ARTICLE III

TERMINATION

Section 3.1 Termination. This Agreement shall irrevocably terminate with respect to (a) any Principal Stockholder at such time as such Principal Stockholder and its Affiliates no longer Beneficially Owns any shares of Common Stock, (b) any Principal Stockholder at such time as the Company notifies such Principal Stockholder in writing (and the Company shall promptly notify the other Principal Stockholders of such termination), (c) all parties to this Agreement at such time as the Brigham Representative is no longer entitled to designate a nominee to the Board pursuant to Section 2.1(a) and Section 2.1(c) in accordance with Section 2.5. Upon a termination of this Agreement in respect of any Principal Stockholder, there shall be no continuing liability or obligation on the part of any Person that constitutes such Principal Stockholder or any other party in respect of such Principal Stockholder following such termination; provided, however, that the termination of this Agreement in respect of any Principal Stockholder shall not prevent any party from seeking any remedies (at law or in equity) against any other party for such party’s breach of any terms of this Agreement occurring prior to such termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Brigham Representative shall have the unilateral right to terminate this Agreement or waive any rights under this Agreement relating to the appointment of one or members of the Board or the consent over certain actions of the Company by written instrument duly executed by the Brigham Representative.

ARTICLE IV

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 4.1 Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered, sent by nationally recognized overnight courier, mailed by registered or certified mail or be sent by facsimile or electronic mail to such party at the address set forth below or appearing on the signature pages hereto (or such other address as shall be specified by like notice). Notices will be deemed to have been duly given hereunder if (a) personally delivered, when received, (b) sent by nationally recognized overnight courier, one business day after deposit with the nationally recognized overnight courier, (c) mailed by registered or certified mail, five business days after the date on which it is so mailed, and (d) sent by facsimile or electronic mail, on the date sent so long as such communication is transmitted before 5:00 p.m. in the time zone of the receiving party on a business day, otherwise, on the next business day.

If to the Company, to:

Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.

5918 W. Courtyard Drive, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78730

Attention: Dathan Voelter

E-mail: [***]

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Section 4.2 Severability. The provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of any provision shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other provisions hereof. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof to any Person or any circumstance, is found to be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, (a) a suitable and equitable provision shall be substituted therefor in order to carry out, so far as may be valid and enforceable, the intent and purpose of such invalid or unenforceable provision and (b) the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances shall not be affected by such invalidity or unenforceability, nor shall such invalidity or unenforceability affect the validity or enforceability of such provision, or the application thereof, in any other jurisdiction.

Section 4.3 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which, taken together, shall be considered one and the same agreement.

Section 4.4 Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement (a) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior agreements, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and (b) is not intended to confer upon any Person, other than the parties, any rights or remedies hereunder.

Section 4.5 Further Assurances. Each party shall execute, deliver, acknowledge and file such other documents and take such further actions as may be reasonably requested from time to time by the other parties to give effect to and carry out the transactions contemplated herein.

Section 4.6 Governing Law; Equitable Remedies. THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS AND CAUSES OF ACTION HEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE (WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF). The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with its specific terms or was otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties hereto shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions and other equitable remedies to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any of the Selected Courts (as defined below), this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. Any requirements for the securing or posting of any bond with respect to such remedy are hereby waived by each of the parties hereto. Each party hereto further agrees that, in the event of any action for an injunction or other equitable remedy in respect of such breach or enforcement of specific performance, it will not assert the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

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Section 4.7 Consent to Jurisdiction. With respect to any suit, action or proceeding (“Proceeding”) arising out of or relating to this Agreement, each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably (a) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the United States District Court for the District of Delaware and the appellate courts therefrom (the “Selected Courts”) and waives any objection to venue being laid in the Selected Courts whether based on the grounds of forum non conveniens or otherwise and hereby agrees not to commence any such Proceeding other than before one of the Selected Courts; provided, however, that a party may commence any Proceeding in a court other than a Selected Court solely for the purpose of enforcing an order or judgment issued by one of the Selected Courts; (b) consents, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to service of process in any Proceeding by the mailing of copies thereof by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by recognized international express carrier or delivery service, to their respective addresses referred to in Section 4.1 hereof; provided, however, that nothing herein shall affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by law; and (c) TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW THAT CANNOT BE WAIVED, WAIVES, AND COVENANTS THAT IT WILL NOT ASSERT (WHETHER AS PLAINTIFF, DEFENDANT OR OTHERWISE) ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION ARISING IN WHOLE OR IN PART UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, AND AGREES THAT ANY OF THEM MAY FILE A COPY OF THIS PARAGRAPH WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE KNOWING, VOLUNTARY AND BARGAINED-FOR AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY TO WAIVE THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY PROCEEDING WHATSOEVER BETWEEN THEM RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND TO HAVE ALL MATTERS RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT BE TRIED IN A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION BY A JUDGE SITTING WITHOUT A JURY.

Section 4.8 Amendments; Waivers.

(a) No provision of this Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented without a written instrument duly executed by the Company, the Brigham Representative and each of the Principal Stockholders; provided that any such amendment, modification or supplement that only affects the rights or obligations of a particular party shall only require the consent of such affected party, the Company and the Brigham Representative.

(b) No failure or delay by any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as waiver thereof nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege. The rights and remedies herein provided shall be cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies provided by law.

Section 4.9 Assignment; Restrictions on Transferability; Affiliate Joinder.

(a) Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, restrictions or obligations hereunder shall be assigned by any of the Parties.

(b) No Principal Stockholder shall Transfer any shares of Common Stock to any of its Affiliates, or to any Person for estate planning purposes, unless such transferee has executed a joinder to this Agreement, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Brigham Representative and the Company, to become a party to this Agreement as a Principal Stockholder and, as such, become subject to the rights, restrictions and obligations applicable to Principal Stockholders for all purposes of this Agreement (a “Principal Stockholder Joinder”); provided that no such Transfer shall relieve the Principal Stockholders from any obligations under this Agreement. Any Transfer in violation of this Agreement shall be void ab initio and of no force or effect.

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(c) In the event that any Affiliate of a Principal Stockholder acquires any shares of Common Stock not subject to this Agreement, if such Affiliate is not a party to this Agreement, such Principal Stockholder shall cause such Affiliate to promptly execute a Principal Stockholder Joinder.

Section 4.10 Information.

(a) Upon the request of the Company or the Brigham Representative, each Principal Stockholder shall use commercially reasonable efforts to promptly provide to the Company or the Brigham Representative, as applicable, the number of shares of Common Stock such Principal Stockholder Beneficially Owns in the aggregate and the number of shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned by each Person constituting such Principal Stockholder.

(b) Upon the execution of any transaction by a Principal Stockholder or any Affiliates of a Principal Stockholder that results in an increase or decrease in the amount of shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned by such Principal Stockholder or any Affiliates of such Principal Stockholder, such Principal Stockholder shall immediately notify the Company and the Brigham Representative of such transaction and include the number of shares of Common Stock such Principal Stockholder or any Affiliates of such Principal Stockholder Beneficially Owns in the aggregate and the number of shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned by each Person constituting such Principal Stockholder or any Affiliates of such Principal Stockholder as a result of the transaction.

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

[Signature Page to Amended and Restated Stockholders’ Agreement]

Exhibit 10.2

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

OF

ATLAS SAND OPERATING, LLC

a Delaware Limited Liability Company

This SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) of Atlas Sand Operating, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), dated as of October 2, 2023 (the “Effective Date”), is adopted, executed and agreed to by the Members (as defined below). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Existing LLC Agreement (as defined below).

WHEREAS, the Company was formed pursuant to the filing of a Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware effective on November 18, 2022, in accordance with the provisions of the Act (as defined below), and is currently governed by that certain Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated March 8, 2023 (the “Existing LLC Agreement”);

WHEREAS, this Agreement is being entered into pursuant to and in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by that certain Master Reorganization Agreement, dated as of July 31, 2023 (the “Reorganization Agreement” and, such transactions, the “Reorganization”), by and among the Company, Atlas Energy Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Atlas”), New Atlas HoldCo Inc., a Delaware corporation (“New Atlas”), AESI Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation, Atlas Operating Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Merger Sub”), and Atlas Sand Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;

WHEREAS, in connection with the consummation of the Reorganization on the Effective Date, among other things, (a) Merger Sub merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving such merger as a subsidiary of the Members, (b) Atlas changed its name from “Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.” to “AESI Holdings Inc.” (as used herein, the term “AESI Holdings” refers to Atlas at times following consummation of the Reorganization) and (c) New Atlas changed its name from “New Atlas HoldCo Inc.” to “Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.”; and

WHEREAS, the Members desire to enter into this Agreement in order to amend and restate the Existing LLC Agreement in connection with the Reorganization, with this Agreement to supersede the Existing LLC Agreement in its entirety effective on the Effective Date and at such time as is provided under the terms of the Reorganization Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Members hereby agree as follows.

1. Formation. The Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company under and pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “Act”).

2. Term. The Company shall have perpetual existence unless dissolved in accordance with Section 10 of this Agreement.

3. Purposes. The purposes of the Company shall be to carry on any lawful business, purpose or activity for which limited liability companies may be formed under the Act.

4. Members. As of the Effective Date, the members of the Company (each, a “Member” and, collectively, the “Members”) are AESI Holdings and New Atlas.

5. Units; Percentage Interests. The Company shall have a single class of membership interests designated as “Units.” Each Member’s ownership of Units in relation to the total outstanding Units of the Company is referred to herein as such Member’s “Percentage Interest.” As of the Effective Date, AESI Holdings owns 57,741,815 Units, and New Atlas owns 42,258,185 Units. Following the Effective Date, the Company shall update its books and records from time to time to reflect any transfers or additional issuances of Units. The Company shall be authorized to issue from time to time such additional number of Units as the Managing Member (as defined below) may determine.

6. Contributions. Without creating any rights in favor of any third party, the Members may, from time to time, make contributions of cash or property to the capital of the Company but shall have no obligation to do so.

7. Capital Accounts; Allocations.

(a) Capital Accounts. The Managing Member shall establish and maintain a separate capital account in accordance with the requirements of Section 704(b) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) (the “Capital Account”) for each Member in the Company’s books of account.

(b) Book Allocations of Profits and Losses. After giving effect to the allocations under Section 7(c), all items of income, profit, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Company for each tax period shall be allocated among the Members in such a manner as shall cause the Capital Accounts of the Members (as adjusted to reflect all allocations under Section 7(c) and all distributions through the end of such tax period) to equal, as nearly as possible, the amount such Members would receive if all assets of the Company on hand at the end of such tax period were sold for cash equal to their Code Section 704(b) book values, all liabilities of the Company were satisfied in cash in accordance with their terms, and all remaining or resulting cash were distributed to the Company under Section 8, as reasonably determined by the Managing Member.

(c) Regulatory Allocations. Allocations of individual items of income and gain will be made in accordance with the “minimum gain chargeback,” “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain chargeback,” and “qualified income offset” provisions of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 704(b) of the Code.

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(d) Tax Allocations. Except as otherwise provided herein, each item of income, profit, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as set forth in Sections 7(b) and 7(c); provided, however, that (a) in accordance with Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, with respect to any property that has a variance between its book basis for capital account purposes and its adjusted tax basis, the income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such property shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take into account such variation pursuant to any permissible allocation method described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3 as is determined by the Managing Member in its sole discretion, and (b) any such allocations made pursuant to this Section 7(d) are solely for purposes of federal income taxation and shall not affect any Member’s Capital Account or right to receive distributions under this Agreement.

(e) The provisions of this Section 7 are intended, and shall be construed, and, if necessary, modified by the Managing Member in its sole discretion to cause the allocations of profits, losses, income, gain, deductions, credits and other tax items pursuant to this Section 7 to have substantial economic effect under the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 704(b) of the Code (or the equivalent thereof within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(i)). This Agreement shall not be construed as creating a deficit restoration obligation or otherwise personally obligating any Member or its assignees or successors in interest to make a capital contribution to the Company.

8. Distributions. Distributions (including, without limitation, liquidating distributions) made by the Company shall be distributed to the Members solely at such times and in such amounts as the Managing Member shall determine and shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests.

9. Management. AESI Holdings shall be the sole managing member of the Company (the “Managing Member”). Except as otherwise required by applicable law, (a) the Managing Member shall have full and complete charge of all affairs of the Company, (b) the management and control of the Company’s business activities and operations shall rest exclusively with the Managing Member, and the Managing Member shall make all decisions regarding the business, activities and operations of the Company (including the incurrence of costs and expenses) in its sole discretion without the consent of any other Member, and (c) the Members other than the Managing Member (in their capacity as such) shall not participate in the control, management, direction or operation of the activities or affairs of the Company and shall have no power to act for or bind the Company.

10. Officers.

(a) General. The Managing Member may designate one or more persons to be officers of the Company. Officers are not “managers” as that term is used in the Act. Any officers who are so designated shall have such titles and authority and perform such duties as the Managing Member may delegate to them. The salaries or other compensation, if any, of the officers of the Company shall be fixed by the Managing Member. Any officer may be removed as such, either with or without cause, by the Managing Member. Designation of an officer shall not of itself create contract rights.

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(b) Titles. To the extent appointed by the Managing Member, the officers of the Company may be a Chief Executive Officer, President, a Secretary, one or more Vice Presidents (any one or more of whom may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President), a Treasurer and such other officers as the Managing Member may from time to time elect or appoint. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

11. Dissolution. The Company shall dissolve and its affairs shall be wound up at such time, if any, as the Managing Member may elect. No other event will cause the Company to dissolve.

12. Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT IS GOVERNED BY AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAW PRINCIPLES OF SUCH STATE.

13. Amendments. This Agreement may be modified, altered, supplemented or amended at any time by a written agreement executed and delivered by the Managing Member.

14. Liability. The Members, including any of their officers or members, and the officers of the Company shall not have any liability for the obligations, debts or liabilities of the Company, except to the extent required in the Act.

15. Indemnity; Exculpation.

(a) The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended (provided, that no such amendment shall limit a Covered Person’s rights to indemnification hereunder with respect to any actions or events occurring prior to such amendment except to the extent required by a non-waivable and non-modifiable provision of applicable Law), any person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a Manager entitled to indemnification under the Existing LLC Agreement, a Member, an Officer, the Managing Member or the Company Representative or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a member, director, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another limited liability company or of a corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (a “Covered Person”), whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a member, director, officer, trustee, employee or agent, or in any other capacity while serving as a member, director, officer, trustee, employee or agent, against all expenses, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such Covered Person in connection with such Proceeding, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of such act or omission, and taking into account the acknowledgements and agreements set forth in this Agreement, (x) such Covered Person engaged in a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing or a bad faith violation of this Agreement or (y) such Covered Person would not be so entitled to be indemnified and held harmless if the Company were a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware that indemnified and held harmless its directors, officers, employees and

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agents to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law as in effect on the date of this Agreement (but including any expansion of rights to indemnification thereunder from and after the date of this Agreement). The Company shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable Law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended (provided, that no such amendment shall limit a Covered Person’s rights to indemnification hereunder with respect to any actions or events occurring prior to such amendment except to the extent required by a non-waivable and non-modifiable provision of applicable Law), pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Section 14 or otherwise. The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses under this Section 14 shall be contract rights and such rights shall continue as to a Covered Person who has ceased to be a member, director, officer, trustee, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 14, except for Proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses, the Company shall indemnify and advance expenses to a Covered Person in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Covered Person only if such Proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Managing Member. If this Section 14(a) or any portion of this Section 14(a) shall be invalidated on any ground by a court of competent jurisdiction the Company shall nevertheless indemnify each Covered Person as to expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal or administrative, including a grand jury proceeding or action or suit brought by or in the right of the Company, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Section 14(a) that shall not have been invalidated.

(b) Subject to other applicable provisions of this Section 14, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, the Covered Persons shall not be liable to the Company, any Subsidiary, any director, any Member or any holder of any equity interest in any Subsidiary by virtue of being a Covered Person or for any acts or omissions in their capacity as a Covered Person or otherwise in connection with the Company, this Agreement or the business and affairs of the Company and its Subsidiaries unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that such losses or liabilities were the result of conduct in which such Covered Person breached the terms of this Agreement or any duties owed to the Company or the Members.

16. Counterparts. This Agreement and any amendment hereto or any other agreement (or document) delivered pursuant hereto may be executed in one or more counterparts and by different parties in separate counterparts any may delivered by email or other electronic means. All of such counterparts shall constitute one and the same agreement (or other document) and shall become effective (unless otherwise provided therein) when one or more counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party.

[Signature Page Follows.]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the Members, have caused this Agreement to be duly executed effective as of the date first set forth above.

SIGNATURE PAGE TO

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF

ATLAS SAND OPERATING, LLC

Exhibit 99.1

Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. Completes Previously Announced Up-C Simplification

Austin, TX – October 2, 2023 – Atlas Energy Solutions Inc. (NYSE: AESI) (“Atlas” or the “Company”) today announced the closing of the previously announced corporate reorganization transaction (the “Up-C Simplification”). As the result of the Up-C Simplification, the Company begins trading tomorrow under the same ticker (NYSE: AESI) and the same name (Atlas Energy Solutions Inc.) under a new single class of common stock. The previous dual class structure has been eliminated.

Bud Brigham, Chairman & CEO commented, “Today is an important step for Atlas, as we simplify our corporate structure. We are optimistic that our simpler, more efficient corporate structure will enable us to broaden our investor base.”

About Atlas Energy Solutions

Our company was founded in 2017 by long-time E&P operators and led by Bud Brigham. Our experience as E&P operators, combined with our unique asset base and focus on using technology to deliver novel solutions to our customers’ toughest challenges and mission-critical needs differentiates us as the proppant and logistics provider of choice in the Permian Basin.

Atlas is a leader in the proppant and proppant logistics industry and is currently solely focused on serving customers in the Permian Basin of West Texas and New Mexico, the most active oil and natural gas producing regions in North America. Our Kermit, TX and Monahans, TX facilities are strategically located and specifically designed to maximize reliability of supply and product quality, and our deployment of trucking assets and the Dune Express is expected to drive significant logistics efficiencies.

Our core mission is to maximize value for our stockholders by generating strong cash flow and allocating our capital resources efficiently, including providing a regular and durable return of capital to our investors through industry cycles. Further, we recognize that our long-term profitability is maximized in being good stewards of the environments and communities in which we operate. In our pursuit of this mission, we work to improve the processes involved in the development of hydrocarbons, which we believe will ultimately contribute to providing individuals with access to the energy they need to sustain or improve their quality of life in a clean, safe, and efficient manner. We take great pride in contributing positively to the development of the hydrocarbons that power our lives.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Statements that are predictive or prospective in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include the words “may,” “assume,” “forecast,” “position,” “strategy,” “potential,” “continue,” “could,” “will,” “plan,” “project,” “budget,” “predict,” “pursue,” “target,” “seek,” “objective,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate” and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our business strategy, our industry, our future operations and profitability, expected capital expenditures and the impact of such expenditures on our performance, statements about the Up-C Simplification, including its consequences and the anticipated benefits of the Up-C Simplification to the Company, statements about our financial position, production, revenues and losses, our capital programs, management changes, current and potential future long-term contracts and our future business and financial performance. Although forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs at the time they are made, we caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These risks include but are not limited to: commodity price volatility stemming from the ongoing war in Ukraine; adverse developments affecting the financial services industry; our ability to complete growth projects, including the Dune Express, on time and on budget; the possibility that the closing conditions of the MRA may not be satisfied or waived, including that a governmental entity may prohibit, delay or refuse to grant a

necessary regulatory approval; the risk that stockholder litigation in connection with the Up-C Simplification may result in significant costs of defense, indemnification and liability; changes in general economic, business and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets; transaction costs; diversion of management’s time and attention in connection with the corporate reorganization transactions; actions of OPEC+ to set and maintain oil production levels; the level of production of crude oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons and the resultant market prices of crude oil; inflation; environmental risks; operating risks; regulatory changes; lack of demand; market share growth; the uncertainty inherent in projecting future rates of reserves; production; cash flow; access to capital; the timing of development expenditures; and other factors discussed or referenced in our filings made from time to time with the SEC, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our prospectus, dated September 11, 2023, filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act on September 12, 2023 in connection with our Up-C Simplification, and any subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

Contact

Kyle Turlington

T: 512-220-1200

IR@atlas.energy