HPK HighPeak Energy Inc

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“10.000% Senior Notes” means the $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10.000% Senior Notes due 2024, which were issued pursuant to an indenture in February 2022 and repaid in full in September 2023.

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“10.625% Senior Notes” means the $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10.625% Senior Notes due 2024, $225.0 million of which were issued pursuant to an indenture in November 2022 and $25.0 million of which were issued pursuant to an indenture in December 2022 and repaid in full in September 2023.

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“3-D seismic” means three-dimensional seismic data which is geophysical data that depicts the subsurface strata in three dimensions. 3-D seismic data typically provides a more detailed and accurate interpretation of the subsurface strata than two-dimensional data.

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“ASC” means Accounting Standards Codification.

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“ASU” means Accounting Standards Update.

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“Basin” means a large natural depression on the earth’s surface in which sediments generally brought by water accumulate.

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“Bbl” means a standard barrel containing 42 United States gallons.

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“Bcf” means one billion cubic feet.

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“Boe” means a barrel of crude oil equivalent and is a standard convention used to express crude oil and natural gas volumes on a comparable crude oil equivalent basis. Natural gas equivalents are determined under the relative energy content method by using the ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil or NGL.

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“Boepd” means Boe per day.

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“Bopd” means one barrel of crude oil per day.

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“Btu” means British thermal unit, which is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

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“Collateral Agency Agreement” means the Company’s Collateral Agency Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2023, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., Texas Capital Bank, as collateral agent, Chambers Energy Management, LP, as term representative, Mercuria Energy Trading SA, as first-out representative prior to giving effect to that certain Collateral Agency Joinder – Additional First-Out Debt, dated as of November 1, 2023, and Fifth Third Bank, National Association as first-out representative after giving effect to that certain Collateral Agency Joinder – Additional First-Out Debt, dated as of November 1, 2023.

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“common stock” or “HighPeak Energy common stock” means the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

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“Completion” The process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil and natural gas, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.

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“Credit Agreement” means the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Senior Credit Facility Agreement.

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“DD&A” means depletion, depreciation and amortization.

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“Development costs” Costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the crude oil and natural gas. For a complete definition of development costs, refer to the SEC’s Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(7).

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“Development project” A development project is the means by which petroleum resources are brought to the status of economically producible. As examples, the development of a single reservoir or field, an incremental development in a producing field or the integrated development of a group of several fields and associated facilities with a common ownership may constitute a development project.

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“Development well” A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

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“Differential” An adjustment to the price of crude oil, NGL or natural gas from an established spot market price to reflect differences in the quality and/or location of crude oil, NGL or natural gas.

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“Dry hole” or “dry well” A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.

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“Economically producible” The term economically producible, as it relates to a resource, means a resource which generates revenue that exceeds, or is reasonably expected to exceed, the costs of the operation.

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“EUR” or “Estimated ultimate recovery” The sum of reserves remaining as of a given date and cumulative production as of that date.

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“Exploratory well” An exploratory well is a well drilled to find a new field, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir. Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, an extension well, a service well or a stratigraphic test well as those items are defined by the SEC.

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“Extension well” An extension well is a well drilled to extend the limits of a known reservoir.

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“FASB” Financial Accounting Standards Board.

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“Field” An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations.

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“First Amendment” means the First Amendment to Senior Credit Facility Agreement, dated March 29, 2024, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as borrower, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.

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“Formation” A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differs from nearby rocks.

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“GAAP” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

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“Gross wells” means the total wells in which a working interest is owned.

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“Held by production” Acreage covered by a mineral lease that perpetuates a company’s right to operate a property as long as the property produces a minimum paying quantity of crude oil or natural gas.

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“HH” means Henry Hub, a distribution hub in Louisiana that serves as the delivery location for natural gas futures contracts on the NYMEX.

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“HighPeak Energy” or the “Company” means HighPeak Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

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“HighPeak I” means HighPeak Energy, LP, a Delaware limited partnership.

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“HighPeak II” means HighPeak Energy II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership.

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“Horizontal drilling” A drilling technique used in certain formations where a well is drilled vertically to a certain depth and then drilled at a right angle within a specified interval.

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“HighPeak Contributors” means HighPeak I, HighPeak II and HPK GP.

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“HPK GP” means HighPeak Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

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“Hydraulic fracturing” is the technique of stimulating the production of hydrocarbons from tight formations. The Company routinely utilizes hydraulic fracturing techniques in its drilling and completion programs. The process involves the injection of water, sand, and chemicals under pressure into the formation to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production.

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“Lease operating expenses” The expenses of lifting crude oil or natural gas from a producing formation to the surface, constituting part of the current operating expenses of a working interest including labor, superintendence, supplies, repairs, short-lived assets, maintenance, allocated overhead costs, workover, marketing and transportation costs, insurance and other expenses incidental to production, but excluding lease acquisition or drilling or completion expenses.

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“MBbl” means one thousand Bbls.

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“MBoe” means one thousand Boes.

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“Mcf” means one thousand cubic feet and is a measure of natural gas volume.

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“MMBbl” means one million Bbls.

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“MMBtu” means one million Btus.

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“MMcf” means one million cubic feet and is a measure of natural gas volume.

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“Net acres” The percentage of total acres an owner has out of a particular number of gross acres or a specified tract. As an example. an owner who has 50% interest in 100 gross acres owns 50 net acres.

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“Net production” Production that is owned by us, less royalties and production due others.

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“NGL” means natural gas liquids, which are the heavier hydrocarbon liquids that are separated from the natural gas stream; such liquids include ethane, propane, isobutane, normal butane and gasoline.

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“NYMEX” means the New York Mercantile Exchange.

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“OPEC” means the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

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“Operator” The individual or company responsible for the exploration and/or production of a crude oil or natural gas well or lease.

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“Plugging” A downhole tool that is set inside the casing to isolate the lower part of the wellbore.

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“Pooling” The bringing together of small tracts or fractional mineral interests in one or more tracts to form a drilling and production unit for a well under applicable spacing rules.

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“Principal Stockholder Group” means HighPeak Pure Acquisition, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and wholly owned subsidiary of HighPeak I, the HighPeak Contributors and Jack Hightower and each of their respective affiliates and certain permitted transferees, collectively.

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“Prior Credit Agreement” means the Company’s Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2020, as amended from time to time, among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the Lenders party thereto.

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“Production costs” Costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities. For a complete definition of production costs, refer to the SEC’s Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(20).

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“Productive well” A well that is found to be capable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of the production exceed production expenses and taxes.

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“Proration unit” A unit that can be effectively and efficiently drained by one well, as allocated by a governmental agency having regulatory jurisdiction.

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“Prospect” A specific geographic area which, based on supporting geological, geophysical or other data and also preliminary economic analysis using reasonably anticipated prices and costs, is deemed to have potential for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.

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“Proved developed nonproducing reserves” or “PDNP” means proved reserves that are developed nonproducing reserves.

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“Proved developed producing reserves” or “PDP” means proved reserves that are developed producing reserves.

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“Proved developed reserves” means proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods and can be expected to be recovered through extraction technology installed and operational at the time of the reserve estimate and can be subdivided into PDP and PDNP reserves.

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“Proved reserves” Those quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geosciences and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible – from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations – prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

(i)  The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes: (A) the area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (B) adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible crude oil or natural gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

(ii)  In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii)  Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known crude oil elevation and the potential exists for an associated natural gas cap, proved crude oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv)  Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when: (A) successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (B) the project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v)  Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

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“Proved undeveloped reserves” or “PUD” means proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for completion. Undrilled locations can be classified as PUDs only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that such locations are scheduled to be drilled within five (5) years, unless specific circumstances justify a longer time.

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“PV-10” When used with respect to crude oil and natural gas reserves, PV-10 means the estimated future gross revenue to be generated from the production of proved reserves, net of estimated production and future development and abandonment costs, using prices and costs in effect at the determination date, before income taxes, and without giving effect to non-property related expenses, discounted to a present value using an annual discount rate of 10%. PV-10 is not a financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and generally differs from standardized measure, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues. Neither PV-10 nor standardized measure represents an estimate of the fair market value of our crude oil and natural gas properties. We and others in the industry use PV-10 as a measure to compare the relative size and value of proved reserves held by companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities.

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“Realized price” The cash market price less all expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.

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“Recompletion” The process of re-entering an existing wellbore that is either producing or not producing and completing new reservoirs or enhancing existing reservoirs in an attempt to establish or increase existing production.

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“Reserves” Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of crude oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering crude oil and natural gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

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“Reservoir” A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible crude oil and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is separate from other reservoirs.

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“Resources” Quantities of crude oil and natural gas estimated to exist in naturally occurring accumulations. A portion of the resources may be estimated to be recoverable, and another portion may be considered unrecoverable. Resources include both discovered and undiscovered accumulations.

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“royalty” An interest in a crude oil and natural gas lease that gives the owner the right to receive a portion of the production from the leased acreage (or of the proceeds from the sale thereof) but does not require the owner to pay any portion of the production or development costs on the leased acreage. Royalties may be either landowner’s royalties, which are reserved by the owner of the leased acreage at the time the lease is granted, or overriding royalties, which are usually reserved by an owner of the leasehold in connection with a transfer to a subsequent owner.

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“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

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“Senior Credit Facility Agreement” means the Company’s Credit Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2023, among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the lenders party thereto.

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“Service well” A well drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Specific purposes of service wells include natural gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, salt-water disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.

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“Spacing” The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of acres, e.g., 100-acre spacing, the distance between horizontal wellbores, e.g., 880-foot spacing or the number of wells per section, e.g., 6-well spacing. It is often established by regulatory agencies and/or the operator to optimize recovery of hydrocarbons.

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“Spot market price” The cash market price without reduction for expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.

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“Standardized measure” The present value (discounted at an annual rate of 10 percent) of estimated future net revenues to be generated from the production of proved reserves net of estimated income taxes associated with such net revenues, as determined in accordance with FASB guidelines as well as the rules and regulations of the SEC, without giving effect to non-property related expenses such as indirect general and administrative expenses, and debt service or to DD&A. Standardized measure does not give effect to derivative transactions.

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“Stratigraphic test well” A drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition. Such wells customarily are drilled without the intent of being completed for hydrocarbon production. The classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration. Stratigraphic tests are classified as “exploratory type” if not drilled in a known area or “development type” if drilled in a known area.

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“Term Loan Credit Agreement” means the Company’s Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2023, by and between HighPeak Energy, Inc., as borrower, Texas Capital Bank, as administrative agent, Chambers Energy Management, LP, as collateral agent, and the lenders from time-to-time party thereto.

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“Undeveloped acreage” Lease acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of crude oil and natural gas regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.

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“Unit” The joining of all or substantially all interests in a reservoir or field, rather than a single tract, to provide for development and operation without regard to separate property interests. Also, the area covered by a unitization agreement.

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“U.S.” means the United States.

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“warrants” means warrants to purchase one share of HighPeak Energy common stock at a price of $11.50 per share.

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“Wellbore” The hole drilled by the bit that is equipped for crude oil and natural gas production on a completed well. Also called well or borehole.

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“Working interest” The right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own crude oil, natural gas or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development and operating costs on either a cash, penalty or carried basis.

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“Workover” Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.

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“WTI” means West Texas Intermediate, a light sweet blend of crude oil produced from fields in western Texas and is a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in crude oil pricing.

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With respect to information on the working interest in wells and acreage, “net” wells and acres are determined by multiplying “gross” wells and acres by the Company’s working interest in such wells or acres. Unless otherwise specified, wells and acreage statistics quoted herein represent gross wells or acres.

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All currency amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars.

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our ability to refinance or pay, when due, the principal of, interest or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness;

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our liquidity, cash flow and access to capital;

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the supply and demand for and market prices of crude oil, NGL, natural gas and other products or services, and the associated impact of our hedging policies relating thereto;

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capital expenditures and other contractual obligations, including our obligations under our Term Loan Credit Agreement and Senior Credit Facility Agreement;

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the results of our ongoing strategic alternatives review process;

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political instability or armed conflict in crude oil or natural gas producing regions, such as the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the Israel-Hamas conflict and the Israel-Iran conflict;

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volatility in the political, legal and regulatory environments ahead of the upcoming U.S. presidential election;

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the integration of acquisitions;

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the availability of capital resources;

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production and reserve levels;

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drilling and completion risks;

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inflation rates and the impacts of associated monetary policy responses, including increased interest rates and resulting pressures on economic growth;

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economic and competitive conditions;

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the impacts of revising our drilling plan during the year transitioning to an increased or decreased rig count from time to time;

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weather conditions;

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epidemics or pandemics, including the effects of related public health concerns and the impact of continued actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to pandemics and their impact on commodity prices, supply and demand considerations, and storage capacity;

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the availability of goods and services and supply chain issues;

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legislative, regulatory or policy changes;

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regulatory and related policy actions intended by federal, state and/or local governments to reduce fossil fuel use and associated carbon emissions, to drive the substitution of renewable forms of energy for crude oil and natural gas, which may over time reduce demand for crude oil, NGL and natural gas, including as a result of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA 2022”) or otherwise;

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our ability to predict and manage the effects of actions of OPEC and agreements to set and maintain production levels, including as a result of recent production cuts by OPEC;

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cyber-attacks;

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occurrence of property acquisitions or divestitures;

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the securities or capital markets and our ability to access such markets on attractive terms or at all, and related risks such as general credit, liquidity, market and interest-rate risks; and

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other factors disclosed under “Part I, Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties,” “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2024 (“Annual Report”) and under “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” included in each of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2024 and this Quarterly Report.