INVESTMENT ADVISER
This Prospectus describes one money market portfolio (the
Portfolio) which is offered by Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) exclusively to the securities lending customers of The Northern Trust Company (TNTC) and other affiliated entities.
Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (NTI or the Investment Adviser), a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the
Investment Adviser of the Portfolio. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.
NTI is an Illinois State
Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and
collective funds.
Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding
company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.
As of December 31, 2013, Northern Trust Corporation, through its
affiliates, had assets under custody of $5.6 trillion, and assets under investment management of $884.5 billion.
Under the Advisory
Agreement with the Trust, the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the Trusts Board of Trustees, is responsible for making investment decisions for the Portfolio and for placing purchase and sale orders for portfolio
securities.
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ADVISORY FEES
As compensation for advisory services and the assumption
of related expenses, NTI is entitled to an advisory fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rate set forth in the table below (expressed as a percentage of the Portfolios average daily net assets).
The difference, if any, between the contractual advisory fees and the actual advisory fees paid by the Portfolio reflects the fact that NTI did not charge
the full amount of the advisory fees to which it was entitled. NTI contractually agreed to waive the advisory fees charged to the Portfolio so that the advisory fees NTI is entitled to receive do not exceed 0.00%. The contractual advisory fee waiver
arrangement is expected to continue until at least April 1, 2015. The contractual advisory fee waiver arrangement will continue automatically for periods of one year (each such one year period, a Renewal Year). The arrangement may
be terminated, as to any succeeding Renewal Year, by NTI or the Portfolio upon 60 days written notice prior to the end of the current Renewal Year. The Board of Trustees may terminate the arrangement at any time with respect to the Portfolio
if it determines that it is in the best interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders.
In order to avoid a negative yield, NTI may reimburse
expenses of the Portfolio. Any such expense reimbursement would be voluntary and could be implemented, increased or decreased, or discontinued at any time. There is no guarantee that the Portfolio will be able to avoid a negative yield.
A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees basis for its most recent approval of the Portfolios Advisory Agreement is available in the
Portfolios semiannual report to shareholders for the six-month period ended May 31, 2013.
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Portfolio
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Contractual
Rate
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Advisory Fee
Paid for Fiscal Year
Ended 11/30/2013
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0.25%
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0.00%
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OTHER PORTFOLIO SERVICES
TNTC (together with NTI, referred to as Northern Trust) serves as Transfer Agent and Custodian for the Portfolio.
The Transfer Agent performs various shareholder servicing functions, and any shareholder inquiries should be directed to it. In addition, NTI serves as Administrator for the Portfolio. TNTC also performs certain administrative services for the
Portfolio pursuant to a sub-administration agreement with NTI. NTI pays TNTC for its sub-administration services out of its administration fees and TNTCs fees do not represent additional expenses to the Portfolio.
TNTC is entitled to transfer agency fees, calculated daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate equal to $18 for each subaccount relating to the shares
of the Portfolio. TNTC has contractually agreed through at least April 1, 2015 to waive its custody and transfer agency fees charged to the Portfolio.
NTI, as Administrator, is entitled to an administration fee from the Portfolio at the annual rate of 0.10% of the average daily net assets of the Portfolio. Under the Administration Agreement with the
Trust, which may be amended by the Trusts Board of Trustees without shareholder approval, NTI, as Administrator, has contractually agreed to reimburse expenses (including fees payable to NTI for its services as Administrator, but excluding the
investment advisory fee and transfer agency fee, servicing fees, extraordinary expenses such as taxes, interest and indemnification expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses, a portion of the compensation paid to each Trustee who is not an officer,
director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries, expenses related to third-party consultants engaged by the Board of Trustees and membership dues paid to the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum)
(Expenses) that exceed on an annualized basis 0.10% of the Portfolios average daily net assets.
TNTC, NTI and other
Northern Trust affiliates may provide other services to the Portfolio and receive compensation for such services if consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and the rules, exemptive orders and
no-action letters issued by the SEC thereunder. Unless required, investors in the Portfolio may or may not receive specific notice of such additional services and fees.
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PURCHASING AND SELLING SHARES
Shares of the Portfolio are not registered
under the 1933 Act or any of the securities laws of any state and are sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration. Shares may not be transferred or resold without registration under the 1933 Act, except pursuant to an exemption from
registration. Shares may, however, be redeemed from the Trust as described below under Purchasing and Selling SharesSelling Shares.
Shares of the Portfolio are sold without a sales load or redemption fee. Assets of the Portfolio are not subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee. Except as provided under Account Policies and Other
InformationIn-Kind Purchases and Redemptions on page 9, redemptions will be paid in cash.
INVESTORS
Shares of the Portfolio are offered on a private placement basis in accordance with Regulation D under the 1933 Act only to
securities lending customers of TNTC and other affiliated entities, all of whom qualify as Accredited Investors, as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D. Accredited Investors include certain banks, broker-dealers, insurance
companies, investment companies, governmental plans, pension plans, corporations, partnerships and business trusts (Institutions) investing cash collateral securing securities loans.
TNTC and its affiliates have established a securities lending program for their institutional customers. Each customer that participates in this
securities lending program as a lender enters into a securities lending authorization agreement with TNTC or an affiliate. Cash collateral related to securities lending customers of TNTC and other affiliated entities, may be invested in shares of
the Portfolio through custody accounts at Northern Trust or an affiliate. Counterparties to such transactions may post cash collateral in connection with such transactions which TNTC or its affiliate is authorized to invest in a variety of
instruments, including the Portfolio.
PURCHASING SHARES
You may purchase shares of the Portfolio through your custody account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate).
OPENING AN ACCOUNT
SECURITIES LENDING CUSTOMERS.
Securities
lending customers should contact their Northern Trust account representative who can assist with all phases of the investment.
SELLING SHARES
SECURITIES LENDING CUSTOMERS.
Securities lending customers should contact their Northern Trust account representative who can assist with all phases of the investment.
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ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION
PURCHASE
AND REDEMPTION MINIMUMS.
There is no minimum for initial or subsequent purchases or redemptions.
CALCULATING SHARE PRICE.
The Trust issues shares and redeems shares at NAV. The NAV for a
share of the Portfolio is calculated by dividing the value of the Portfolios net assets by the number of outstanding shares of the Portfolio. The NAV for the Portfolio is calculated on each Business Day as of 3:00 p.m. Central time.
Portfolio shares may be priced on days when the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is closed if the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) recommends that the bond markets remain open for all or
part of the day. The NAV used in determining the price of your shares is the one calculated after your purchase or redemption order is received in good order as described below.
The Portfolio seeks to maintain an NAV of $1.00 per share by valuing the obligations held by it at amortized cost in accordance with SEC regulations. Amortized cost will normally approximate fair value.
TIMING OF PURCHASE
REQUESTS.
Purchase requests received in good order and accepted by the Transfer Agent on any Business Day by 3:00 p.m. Central time will be executed the day they are received by the
Transfer Agent, at that days closing share price for the Portfolio, provided that payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the close of the same Business Day in a custody account maintained with Northern Trust or
an affiliate.
Purchase requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent on a non-Business Day or after the deadlines described above on a
Business Day will be executed on the next Business Day, at that days closing share price for the Portfolio, provided that payment is made as noted above.
IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS.
The Trust reserves the right to accept payment for
shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Portfolio. The Trust also reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution
in-kind
of securities (instead of cash)
from the Portfolio. See the Statement of Additional Information (SAI) for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.
MISCELLANEOUS PURCHASE INFORMATION.
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Shares of the Portfolio are entitled to the dividends declared by the Portfolio beginning on the Business Day the purchase order is executed, provided
payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the time designated in Timing of Purchase Requests above.
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The Trust reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares of the Portfolio or to reject any purchase order, in whole or in part, when, in the judgment of management, such
suspension or rejection is in the best interests of the Portfolio. The Trust also reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its purchase procedures.
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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which purchase orders must be received. See Early Closings on page 11.
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If the Transfer Agent cannot locate an investor for a period of time specified by appropriate state law, the investors account may be deemed
legally abandoned and then escheated (transferred) to the appropriate states unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements.
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TIMING OF REDEMPTION REQUESTS.
Redemption requests received in good order by the Transfer
Agent on any Business Day by 3:00 p.m. Central time will be executed on the same day at that days closing share price for the Portfolio.
Redemption requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent on a non-Business Day or after the deadline described above on a Business Day will be
executed the next Business Day, at that days closing share price for the Portfolio.
PAYMENT OF REDEMPTION PROCEEDS.
Redemption proceeds normally will be sent or credited on the next Business Day, following the Business Day on which such redemption request is received in good order by the deadline noted above, unless payment in immediately available funds on the
same Business Day is requested. However, if you have recently purchased Shares with a check or through an electronic transaction, payment may be delayed as discussed below under Miscellaneous Redemption Information.
MISCELLANEOUS REDEMPTION INFORMATION.
All
redemption proceeds will be sent by check unless the Transfer Agent is directed otherwise. Redemption proceeds also may be wired or transferred. Redemptions are subject to the following restrictions:
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The Trust reserves the right to defer crediting, sending or wiring redemption proceeds for up to 7 days (or such longer period permitted by the SEC)
after receiving the redemption order if, in its judgment, an earlier payment could adversely affect the Portfolio.
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If you are redeeming recently purchased shares by check or electronic transaction, your redemption request may not be paid until your check or
electronic transaction has cleared. This may delay your payment for up to 10 days.
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Dividends on shares are earned through and including the day prior to the day on which they are redeemed.
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The Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or
when such involuntary redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Trust and its shareholders or the Transfer Agent.
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The Trust may require any information from the shareholder reasonably necessary to ensure that a redemption request has been duly authorized.
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The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its redemption procedures.
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The Trust does not permit redemption proceeds to be sent by outgoing International ACH Transaction (IAT). An IAT is a payment transaction
involving a financial institutions office located outside U.S. territorial jurisdiction.
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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which redemption orders must be received. See Early Closings on page 11.
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EXCESSIVE TRADING IN PORTFOLIO SHARES.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has not adopted, on behalf of the Portfolio, policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares in light of the nature and
high quality of the Portfolios investments. The Portfolio reserves the right to refuse a purchase order if management of the Portfolio determines that the purchase may not be in the best interests of the Portfolio.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS.
All calls may be
recorded or monitored. The Transfer Agent has adopted procedures in an effort to establish reasonable safeguards against fraudulent telephone transactions. If reasonable measures are taken to verify that telephone instructions are genuine, the Trust
and its service providers will not be responsible for any loss resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized instructions received over the telephone. In these circumstances, shareholders will bear the risk of loss. During periods of unusual market
activity, you may have trouble placing a request by telephone. In this event, consider sending your request in writing.
The proceeds of
redemption orders received by telephone will be sent by check, wire or transfer according to proper instructions. All checks will be made payable to the shareholder of record and mailed only to the shareholders address of record.
The Trust reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption.
ADVANCE NOTIFICATION OF LARGE TRANSACTIONS.
The Trust requests that an Institution give
advance notice to the Transfer Agent by 11:00 a.m. Central time if it intends to place a purchase or redemption order of $5 million or more on a Business Day.
MAKING
CHANGES TO YOUR ACCOUNT INFORMATION.
You may make changes to wiring instructions only in writing. You may make changes to an address of record or certain other account information in
writing or by telephone. Written instructions must be accompanied by acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). A signature guarantee also may be required from an institution participating in STAMP. Additional requirements may be imposed. In
accordance with SEC regulations, the Trust and Transfer Agent may charge a shareholder reasonable costs in locating a shareholders current address.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES.
If a signature guarantee is required, it must be from an institution
participating in STAMP, or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) must be provided. Additional requirements may be imposed by the Trust. In addition to the situations described in this Prospectus, the Trust may require signature
guarantees in other circumstances based on the amount of a redemption request or other factors.
BUSINESS DAY.
A Business Day
is each Monday through Friday when the Transfer Agent or the Exchange is open for business. For any given calendar year, the Portfolio will be closed on the following holidays or as observed: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day,
Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
GOOD ORDER.
A purchase or redemption request is considered to be in good order when all necessary information is provided and all
required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered, including acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). Additionally, a purchase order initiating the opening of an account will not be considered to be in good order
unless the investor has provided all information required by the Trusts Customer Identification Program described below.
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM.
Federal
law requires the Trust to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which may include the name, business street address, taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with
the Trust. Applications without this information, or without an indication that a taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or the Trusts customer
identification program, the Trust reserves the right to: (a) place limits on account transactions until an investors identity is verified; (b) refuse an investment in the Trust; or (c) involuntarily redeem an investors
shares and close an account in the event that an investors identity is not verified.
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The Trust and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investors account resulting from an investors delay in providing all required identifying information or from
closing an account and redeeming an investors shares when an investors identity is not verified.
EARLY CLOSINGS.
The Portfolio reserves the right to advance the time for accepting purchase or redemption orders for same Business Day credit when
the Exchange and/or the bond market close early, trading on the Exchange is restricted, an emergency arises or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, on any Business Day when SIFMA recommends that the bond markets close early, the Portfolio
reserves the right to close at or prior to the SIFMA recommended closing time. If the Portfolio does so, it will cease granting same Business Day credit for purchase and redemption orders received at the Portfolios closing time and credit will
be given on the next Business Day. The Board of Trustees of the Portfolio also may, for any Business Day, decide to change the time as of which the Portfolios NAV is calculated in response to new developments such as altered trading hours, or
as otherwise permitted by the SEC.
EMERGENCY OR UNUSUAL EVENTS.
In the event the Exchange does not open for business because of an emergency or unusual event, the Trust may, but is not required to, open the Portfolio for purchase and redemption transactions if the
Federal Reserve wire payment system is open. To learn whether the Portfolio is open for business during an emergency situation or unusual event, please call 800-637-1380 or visit northerninstitutionalfunds.com/funds/liquidassets.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS.
The Portfolio, or its
duly authorized service providers, may publicly disclose holdings of all Northern Institutional Funds in accordance with regulatory requirements, such as periodic portfolio disclosure in filings with the SEC.
A complete schedule of the Portfolios holdings, current as of month-end will be available on the Trusts web site at
northerninstitutionalfunds.com/funds/liquidassets no earlier than ten (10) calendar days after the end of the period. This information will remain available on the web site at least until the Portfolio files with the SEC its semiannual/annual
shareholder report or quarterly portfolio holdings report that includes such period. The Portfolio may terminate or modify this policy at any time without further notice to shareholders.
The Trust also publishes on its web site, no later than the fifth business day of each month and for a period of not less than six months, certain
information regarding portfolio holdings of the Portfolio as of the last business day of the prior month. Certain portfolio information concerning the Portfolio will be provided in monthly holdings reports to the SEC on Form N-MFP. Form N-MFP
will be made available to the public by the SEC 60 days after the end of the month to which the information pertains, and a link to each of the most recent 12 months of filings on Form N-MFP will be provided on the Trusts web site.
A further description of the Trusts Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings is available in the SAI.
SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS.
Shareholders
of record will be provided each year with a semiannual report showing portfolio investments and other information as of May 31 and with an annual report containing audited financial statements as of November 30. If we have received
appropriate written consent, we send a single copy of all materials, including prospectuses, financial reports, proxy statements or information statements to all shareholders who share the same mailing address, even if more than one person in a
household holds shares of the Portfolio.
If you do not want your mailings combined with those of other members of your household, you may
opt-out at any time by contacting the Northern Institutional Funds Center by telephone at 800-637-1380 or by mail at Northern Institutional Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986. You also may send an e-mail to northern-funds@ntrs.com.
The Portfolio will begin sending individual copies to you within 30 days after receipt of your opt-out notice.
The Trust may reproduce
this Prospectus in electronic format. If you have received this Prospectus in electronic format you, or your representative, may contact the Transfer Agent for a free paper copy of this Prospectus by writing to the Northern Institutional Funds
Center at P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986, calling 800-637-1380 or by sending an e-mail to: northern-funds@ntrs.com.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of the Portfolio, its yield and investment performance and the price
of its shares. An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC, any other government agency or Northern Trust. Although the Portfolio seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00
per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Portfolio. This section takes a closer look at some of the Portfolios principal investment strategies and related risks.
The Portfolio seeks to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share. Consistent with this policy, the Portfolio:
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Limits its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity to 60 days or less;
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Limits its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity without regard to maturity shortening provisions applicable to variable and floating rate
securities (also known as dollar-weighted average portfolio life) to 120 days or less;
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Buys securities with remaining maturities of 397 days or less (except for certain variable and floating rate instruments and securities collateralizing
repurchase agreements); and
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Invests only in U.S. dollar-denominated securities that represent minimal credit risks.
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SEC regulations require the Portfolio to limit its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity to 60 days or less, and its dollar-weighted average
portfolio life to 120 days or less. The Portfolio also is required to comply with SEC requirements with respect to the liquidity of the Portfolios investments. Specifically, the Portfolio is required to hold at least 10% of its total assets in
daily liquid assets and the Portfolio is required to hold 30% of its total assets in weekly liquid assets. Daily liquid assets include cash, U.S. Treasury securities and securities that will mature or are subject to a demand
feature that is exercisable and payable within one business day. Weekly liquid assets include cash, U.S. Treasury securities, agency discount notes with remaining maturities of 60 days or less and securities that will mature or are subject to a
demand feature that is exercisable and payable within five business days.
In addition, the Portfolio limits its investments to Eligible
Securities as defined by the SEC. Eligible Securities include, generally, securities that either (a) have short-term debt ratings at the time of purchase in the two highest rating categories by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating
Organization (NRSRO) or (b) are issued or guaranteed by, or otherwise allow the Portfolio to demand payment from, an issuer with those ratings. Securities that are unrated (including securities of issuers that have long-term but not
short-term ratings) may be deemed to be Eligible Securities if they are determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Adviser under the direction of the Board of Trustees. After its purchase, a portfolio security may be assigned a lower
rating or cease to be rated. If this occurs, the Portfolio may continue to hold the issue if the Investment Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Portfolio and its shareholders. Securities that are in the highest short-term rating
category (and comparable unrated securities) are called First Tier Securities. Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio intends to limit purchases of securities to First Tier Securities. Securities in which the Portfolio may invest may
not earn as high a level of income as long-term or lower quality securities, which generally have greater market risk and more fluctuation in market value.
In accordance with current SEC regulations, the Portfolio generally will not invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of any single issuer. The
Portfolio may, however, invest up to 25% of its total assets in the securities of a single issuer for up to three Business Days. These limitations do not apply to cash, certain repurchase agreements, U.S. government securities or securities of other
investment companies. In addition, securities subject to certain unconditional guarantees and securities that are not First Tier Securities as defined by the SEC are subject to different diversification requirements as described in the SAI.
Stable NAV risk is the risk that the Portfolio will not be able to maintain an NAV per share of $1.00 at all times. A significant enough
market disruption or drop in market prices of securities held by the Portfolio, especially at a time when the Portfolio needs to sell securities to meet shareholder redemption requests, could cause the value of the Portfolios shares to
decrease to a price less than $1.00 per share. The U.S. government has taken numerous steps to alleviate these market concerns, including without limitation, acquiring ownership interests in distressed institutions. However, there is no assurance
that such actions will be successful. Continuing market problems and government intervention in the economy may adversely affect the Portfolio.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE.
The investment
objective of the Portfolio may be changed by the Trusts Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. Shareholders will, however, be notified of any changes. Any such change may result in the Portfolio having an investment objective
different from the objective that the shareholder considered appropriate at the time of investment in the Portfolio.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES.
Asset-backed securities are sponsored by entities such as government agencies, banks,
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financial companies and commercial or industrial companies.
Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as mortgages, motor vehicle installment sale contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property,
receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, municipal securities and other financial assets. Such asset pools are securitized through the use of privately-formed trusts or special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of
principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pooled insurance policy issued by a financial institution, or by other credit enhancements.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may purchase
various types of asset-backed securities that are Eligible Securities as defined by the SEC.
SPECIAL RISKS.
In addition to credit and market risk, asset-backed securities may involve prepayment risk because the underlying assets (loans) may be
prepaid at any time. Prepayment (or call) risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio (such as an asset-backed security) sooner than expected. This may happen during a period of
falling interest rates. Accordingly, the Portfolios ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns
of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. The value of these securities also may change because of actual or perceived changes in the creditworthiness of the originator, the service agent, the
financial institution providing the credit support, or the counterparty. Credit supports generally apply only to a fraction of a securitys value. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of an asset-backed
security generally will decline. However, when interest rates decline, the value of an asset-backed security with prepayment features may not increase as much as that of other fixed income securities. In addition, non-mortgage asset-backed
securities involve certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the
debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws. Automobile receivables are subject to the risk that the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest
in all of the obligations backing the receivables. If the issuer of the security has no security interest in the related collateral, there is the risk that the Portfolio could lose money if the issuer defaults. As a result of the economic recession
that commenced in the United States in 2008, there is a heightened risk that the receivables and loans underlying the asset-backed securities purchased by the Portfolio may suffer greater levels of default than were historically experienced. In
addition to prepayment risk, investments in mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime mortgages and investments in other asset-backed securities of underperforming assets may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and
liquidity risk.
CREDIT (OR DEFAULT) RISK
is the risk that an issuer of fixed-income securities held by the Portfolio may default on its obligation to pay interest and repay principal. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the
greater the risk that the issuer of the security will default on its obligation. High quality securities are generally believed to have relatively low degrees of credit risk. The Portfolio intends to enter into financial transactions with
counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There is always the risk that the Investment Advisers analysis of creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions. To the extent that the Portfolio
focuses its transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with one or more counterparties.
CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES.
Custodial receipts are participations in trusts
that hold U.S. Treasury securities and are sold under names such as TIGRs and CATS. Like other stripped obligations, they entitle the holder to future interest payments or principal payments on the U.S. Treasury securities.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
To the extent consistent
with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in custodial receipts.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Like other stripped securities (which are described below), stripped custodial receipts may be subject to greater price volatility than
ordinary debt obligations because of the way in which their principal and interest are returned to investors.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS.
The Portfolio may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or any
of their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, foreign commercial banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks. The Portfolio also may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper and other obligations of foreign issuers. Foreign
government obligations may include debt obligations of supranational entities, including international organizations (such as The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank)) and international banking
institutions and related government agencies.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
Under normal market conditions, investments by the Portfolio in foreign issuer obligations will not exceed 50% of the Portfolios total assets measured at the time of purchase.
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SPECIAL RISKS.
Foreign securities involve special risks and costs, which are considered by the Investment Adviser in evaluating the creditworthiness of issuers and making investment decisions for the Portfolio. Foreign securities fluctuate in price because of
political, financial, social and economic events in foreign countries. A foreign security could also lose value because of more or less stringent foreign securities regulations and less stringent accounting and disclosure standards. In addition,
foreign markets may have greater volatility than domestic markets and foreign securities may be less liquid and harder to value than domestic securities. Foreign securities, and in particular foreign debt securities, are sensitive to changes in
interest rates. In addition, investment in the securities of foreign governments involves the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations or may otherwise not respect the integrity of their debt.
Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as
the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also may involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market
volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange
controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may be subject
to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements.
GUARANTOR (OR CREDIT ENHANCEMENT) RISK
is the risk that changes in credit quality of a U.S. or foreign bank, insurance company or other financial
institution or such entitys failure to fulfill its obligations could cause the Portfolios investments in securities backed by guarantees, letters of credit, insurance or other credit enhancements issued by such bank or institution to
decline in value. Guarantees, letters of credit, insurance or other credit enhancements do not protect the Portfolio or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a securitys market value. In addition, having multiple securities
credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Portfolio that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance
industries also may negatively affect the Portfolio.
INSURANCE FUNDING
AGREEMENTS.
An insurance funding agreement (IFA) is an agreement that requires the Portfolio to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance companys
general account. The insurance company then credits interest to the Portfolio for a set time period.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may invest in IFAs issued by insurance companies that meet quality and credit standards established by the Investment
Adviser.
SPECIAL RISKS.
IFAs are not
insured by a government agencythey are backed only by the insurance company that issues them. As a result, they are subject to default risk of the non-governmental issuer. In addition, the transfer of IFAs may be restricted and an active
secondary market in IFAs currently does not exist. This means that it may be difficult or impossible to sell an IFA at an appropriate price.
INTEREST RATES.
The Portfolios
yield will vary with changes in interest rates. In a rising interest rate environment, the Portfolios yield may not rise as quickly as the yields of certain other short-term investments. Investments held by the Portfolio with longer maturities
will tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than investments with shorter maturities.
LIQUIDITY RISK
is the risk that the Portfolio will not be able to pay redemption proceeds within the time periods described in this Prospectus
because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests or other reasons. Certain portfolio securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that
the Portfolio would like. The Portfolio may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity. Any of these events could have a negative effect on portfolio management or performance.
MUNICIPAL AND RELATED INSTRUMENTS.
Municipal instruments include debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities. Municipal instruments include both
general and revenue bonds and may be issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. General obligations are secured by the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power. Revenue obligations are payable
only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities. In some cases, revenue bonds also are payable from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source such as lease payments from the user of a facility
being financed. Some municipal instruments, known as private activity bonds, are issued to finance projects for private companies. Private activity bonds are usually revenue obligations since they typically are payable by the private user of the
facilities financed by the bonds.
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Municipal instruments also include moral
obligation bonds, municipal leases, certificates of participation and asset-backed securities such as custodial receipts. Moral obligation bonds are supported by a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of a state or municipality.
Municipal leases and participation certificates present the risk that the state or municipality involved will not appropriate the monies to meet scheduled payments on an annual basis. Custodial receipts represent interests in municipal instruments
held by a trustee or custodian.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may invest from time to time in municipal instruments or other securities issued by state and local governmental bodies. Generally, this will occur when the yield of municipal instruments,
on a pre-tax basis, is comparable to that of other permitted short-term taxable investments. Dividends paid by the Portfolio on such investments will be taxable to shareholders.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Municipal instruments may be backed by letters of credit, insurance or other forms
of credit enhancement issued by foreign and domestic banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions. If the credit quality of these banks and financial institutions declines, the Portfolio could suffer a loss to the extent that the
Portfolio is relying upon this credit support. Foreign institutions can present special risks relating to higher transaction and custody costs, the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments, less complete financial information, less
market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Foreign banks, insurance companies and financial institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping
requirements than U.S. banks.
In addition, a single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the
Portfolios investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Portfolio that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement
provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Portfolio. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, particularly the municipal bond
market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress. Municipal bonds may be covered by insurance that guarantees timely interest payments and repayment of principal on maturity.
If a bonds insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the bond could drop. Insurance does not protect the Portfolio or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a bonds market value.
Also, an insurance companys exposure to
securities involving subprime mortgages may cause a municipal bond insurers rating to be downgraded or may cause the bond insurer to become insolvent, which may affect the prices and liquidity of municipal obligations insured by the insurance
company.
REPURCHASE
AGREEMENTS.
Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities by the Portfolio subject to the sellers agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
To the extent
consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic and foreign financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers that are deemed to be creditworthy by the Investment
Adviser. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may have maturities exceeding one year, settlement of the agreement will never occur more than one year after the Portfolio acquires the securities.
SPECIAL RISKS.
In the event of a default, the
Portfolio will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral are less than the repurchase price and the Portfolios costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase
agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, the Portfolio could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Portfolios interest in the collateral is unenforceable by the Portfolio. If the Portfolio enters into a repurchase
agreement with a foreign financial institution, it may be subject to the same risks associated with foreign investments (see Foreign Investments above).
The Portfolio intends to enter into transactions with counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There is always the risk that the Investment Advisers analysis of
creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions. To the extent that the Portfolio focuses its transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with one or more
counterparties.
With respect to collateral received in repurchase transactions or other investments, the Portfolio may have significant
exposure to the financial services and mortgage markets. Such exposure, depending on market conditions, could have a negative impact on the Portfolio, including minimizing the value of any collateral.
STRIPPED SECURITIES.
These securities are
issued by the U.S. government (or an agency, instrumentality or a sponsored enterprise), foreign governments, banks and other issuers. They entitle the holder to receive either interest payments or principal payments that have been
stripped from a debt obligation. These obligations include stripped mortgage-backed securities, which are derivative multi-class mortgage securities.
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The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the
beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as
Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities or STRIPS. Under the STRIPS program, the Portfolio will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the
book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the
Portfolio may purchase stripped securities, including securities registered in the STRIPS program.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Stripped securities are very sensitive to changes in interest rates and to the rate of principal prepayments. A rapid or unexpected change in
either interest rates or principal prepayments could depress the price of stripped securities held by the Portfolio and adversely affect the Portfolios investment performance.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS.
These instruments include U.S. Treasury obligations,
such as bills, notes and bonds, which generally differ only in terms of their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. They also include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or
sponsored enterprises. Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises are deemed to include (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest
is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by an agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, (b) securities of private issuers guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its
agencies and instrumentalities pursuant to the FDIC Debt Guarantee Program, and (c) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the
Portfolio may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Not all U.S. government obligations carry the same credit support. Although many
U.S. government securities in which the Portfolio may invest, such as those issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal Home Loan
Banks may be chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and, therefore, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some, such as those of the Government
National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the
U.S. Treasury; and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agencys obligations. Still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. The maximum
potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by the Portfolio may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have
the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. In
addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited.
An agency of
the U.S. government has placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the
securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As a result, these securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., U.S. Treasury
bonds).
To the extent the Portfolio invests in debt instruments or securities of non-U.S. government entities that are backed by the full
faith and credit of the United States, pursuant to the FDIC Debt Guarantee Program or other similar programs, there is a possibility that the guarantee provided under the Debt Guarantee Program or other similar programs may be discontinued or
modified at a later date.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS.
Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted either at set intervals or that float at a margin tied to a specified index rate. These instruments include
variable amount master demand notes and long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as Put Bonds) where the Portfolio obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at
par at a specified date.
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INVESTMENT
STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may invest in variable and floating rate instruments to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Variable and floating rate
instruments are subject to many of the same risks as fixed rate instruments, particularly credit risk. Because there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more difficult to sell if the issuer
defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Portfolio is not entitled to exercise its demand rights. As a result, the Portfolio could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments. In addition, variable and floating rate
instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuers or guarantors creditworthiness.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS AND FORWARD COMMITMENTS.
A purchase
of when-issued securities refers to a transaction made conditionally because the securities, although authorized, have not yet been issued. A delayed delivery or forward commitment transaction involves a contract to purchase or sell
securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond the customary settlement period.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
To the extent consistent
with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. Although the Portfolio generally would purchase securities in these transactions with the
intention of acquiring the securities, the Portfolio may dispose of such securities prior to settlement if the Investment Adviser deems it appropriate to do so.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Purchasing securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment
basis involves the risk that the value of the securities may decrease by the time they actually are issued or delivered. Conversely, selling securities in these transactions involves the risk that the value of the securities may increase by the time
they actually are issued or delivered. These transactions also involve the risk that the counterparty may fail to deliver the security or cash on the settlement date.
ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES
This section explores various other investment securities and techniques that the Investment Adviser may use.
BORROWINGS AND REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS.
The Portfolio may borrow money from banks and may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and other financial institutions. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of money market
securities held by the Portfolio subject to the Portfolios agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (including interest).
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may borrow and enter into reverse repurchase agreements in
amounts not exceeding one-fourth of its total assets (including the amount borrowed). The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements when the Investment Adviser expects that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the
transaction proceeds will be greater than the related interest expense.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Borrowings and reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. If the securities held by the Portfolio decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Portfolios
outstanding shares will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that (a) the interest income earned by the Portfolio (from the investment
of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction; (b) the market value of the securities sold by the Portfolio will decline below the price the Portfolio is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities; and
(c) the securities may not be returned to the Portfolio.
DERIVATIVES.
The Portfolio may purchase certain derivative instruments. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from, or based upon, the performance of underlying assets, interest
rates, or other indices. Derivatives include structured securities such as collateralized mortgage obligations and other types of asset-backed securities, stripped securities and various floating rate instruments.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may invest in
derivatives when the Investment Adviser believes the potential risks and rewards are consistent with the Portfolios objective, strategies and overall risk profile.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Engaging in derivative transactions involves special risks, including
(a) market risk that the Portfolios derivatives position will lose value; (b) credit risk that the counterparty to the transaction will default; (c) leveraging risk that the value of the derivative instrument will decline more
than the value of the assets on which it is based; (d) illiquidity risk that the Portfolio will be unable to sell its position because of lack of market depth or disruption; (e) pricing risk that the value of a derivative instrument will
be difficult to determine; and (f) operations risk that loss will occur as a result of inadequate systems or human error. Many types of derivatives have been developed recently and have not been tested over complete market cycles. For these
reasons, the Portfolio may suffer a loss whether or not the analysis of the Investment Adviser is accurate.
ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES.
Illiquid securities include repurchase agreements and time deposits with notice/termination dates of more than
seven days, certain variable amount master demand notes that cannot be called within
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seven days, certain insurance funding agreements (see Insurance Funding Agreements above), and other securities that are traded in the U.S. but are subject to trading restrictions
because they are not registered under the 1933 Act, and both foreign and domestic securities that are not readily marketable.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The Portfolio may invest up to 5% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. A domestically traded security that is not
registered under the 1933 Act will not be considered illiquid if the Investment Adviser determines that an adequate trading market exists for that security. If otherwise consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may
purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act
(Rule 144A Securities). These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Because illiquid and restricted
securities may be difficult to sell at an acceptable price, they may be subject to greater volatility and may result in a loss to the Portfolio. The practice of investing in Rule 144A Securities and commercial paper available to qualified
institutional buyers could increase the level of illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities. Securities purchased by the Portfolio that are liquid at the time of purchase may
subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, market events, economic conditions and/or investor perception.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and
strategies, the Portfolio may invest in securities issued by other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
Investments by the Portfolio in other money market funds will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and SEC orders. Although
the Portfolio does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, the Portfolio is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in an open-end investment company or a series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective,
strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Portfolio.
SPECIAL RISKS.
As a shareholder of another investment company, the Portfolio would be subject to the same risks as any other investor in that company. It would also bear a proportionate share of any fees or expenses
paid by that company. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory fees and other expenses the Portfolio bears directly in connection with its own operations.
STRUCTURED
SECURITIES.
The value of such securities is determined by reference to changes in the value of specific currencies, interest rates, commodities, securities, indices or other financial
indicators (the Reference) or the relative change in two or more References. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased depending upon changes in the applicable Reference.
Examples of structured securities include, but are not limited to, asset-backed commercial paper, structured notes and other debt obligations where the principal repayment at maturity is determined by the value of a specified security or securities
index.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY.
The
Portfolio may invest in structured securities to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.
SPECIAL RISKS.
Structured securities present additional risk that the interest paid to the Portfolio on a structured security will be less than expected.
The terms of some structured securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, the Portfolio could suffer a total loss of its investment. Structured securities may be positively or negatively
indexed, so that appreciation of the Reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rates or the value of the security at maturity may be a multiple of
changes in the value of the Reference. Consequently, structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of securities. Structured securities also may be more volatile, less liquid and more difficult to accurately price
than less complex securities due to their derivative nature.
TEMPORARY
INVESTMENTS.
For capital preservation and liquidity, the Portfolio may have a greater concentration in short-term securities, including investing up to all of its assets in overnight
securities, which may result in a reduction of the Portfolios yield.
Additionally, the Portfolio may purchase other types of securities
or instruments similar to those described in these sections if otherwise consistent with the Portfolios investment objective and strategies. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in these sections before investing in the Portfolio.
The Portfolio may invest in other securities and is subject to further restrictions and risks that are described in the SAI. Additional
information about the Portfolio, its investments and related risks can also be found in Investment Objective and Strategies in the SAI.
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS AND STATEMENT
OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI)
Additional information about the Portfolios investments is available in the Portfolios annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the
Portfolios annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolios performance during the last fiscal year.
Additional information about the Portfolio and its policies also is available in the Portfolios SAI. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this
Prospectus (and is legally considered part of this Prospectus).
The Portfolios annual and semiannual reports and the SAI are available
free upon request by calling the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 or by sending an e-mail request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com. The SAI and other information are available from a financial intermediary (such as a bank) through
which the Portfolios shares may be purchased or sold.
TO OBTAIN OTHER INFORMATION AND FOR SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES:
BY TELEPHONE
Call 800-637-1380
BY MAIL
The Northern Trust Company
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60603
Attention: Securities Lending (Liquid Assets Portfolio)
ON THE INTERNET
The Portfolios documents are available online and may be downloaded from:
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The EDGAR database on the SECs web site at sec.gov
(text-only).
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Northern Institutional Funds web site at northerninstitutionalfunds.com/funds/liquidassets
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You may review and obtain copies of Northern Institutional Funds documents by visiting the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You
also may obtain copies of Northern Institutional Funds documents by sending your request and a duplicating fee to the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 or by electronic request to: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information
on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at
202-551-8090.
811-03605
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(THE TRUST)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
April 1, 2014
LIQUID ASSETS PORTFOLIO
This Statement of Additional Information dated April 1, 2014 (the SAI) is not a prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated April 1, 2014, as amended
or supplemented from time to time, for the shares of the Liquid Assets Portfolio (the Portfolio) of Northern Institutional Funds (the Prospectus). Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling
800-637-1380 (toll-free). Capitalized terms not otherwise defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.
The
Portfolio is a series of Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) which is registered as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). The shares of the Portfolio which are
described in this SAI have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), or the securities laws of any of the states of the United States. The offerings contemplated by this SAI will be
made in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for offers and sales of securities which do not involve any public offering, and analogous exemptions under state securities laws.
This SAI shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of shares of the
Portfolio in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer, solicitation or sale. No person has been authorized to make any representations concerning the
Portfolio that are inconsistent with those contained in this SAI. Prospective investors should not rely on any information not contained in this SAI.
This SAI is intended solely for the use of the person to whom it has been delivered for the purpose of evaluating a possible investment by the recipient in the shares of the Portfolio described herein,
and is not to be reproduced or distributed to any other persons (other than professional advisers of the prospective investor receiving this document).
Prospective investors should not construe the contents of this SAI as legal, tax or financial advice. Each prospective investor should consult his or her own professional advisers as to the legal, tax,
financial or other matters relevant to the suitability of an investment in the Portfolio for such investor.
In making an
investment decision investors must rely on their own examination of the issuer and the terms of the offering, including the merits and risks involved. These securities have not been recommended by any federal or state securities commission or
regulatory authority. Furthermore, the foregoing authorities have not confirmed the accuracy or determined the adequacy of this document. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
These securities are subject to substantial restrictions on transferability and resale and may not be transferred or resold except as
permitted under the Declaration of Trust of Northern Institutional Funds, the 1933 Act and applicable state securities laws, pursuant to registration or exemption therefrom.
The audited financial statements for the Portfolio and related report of Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Portfolios shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, are incorporated herein by reference in the section entitled Financial Statements. No other parts of
the annual report are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the annual report may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 800-637-1380 (toll-free).
1
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations not
contained in this SAI or in the Prospectus in connection with the offering of shares made by the Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Trust or its Placement
Agent. The Prospectus does not constitute an offering by the Trust or by the Placement Agent in any jurisdiction in which such offering may not lawfully be made.
An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), any other government agency, or The Northern
Trust Company (TNTC), its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. An investment in the Portfolio involves investment risks, including possible loss of principal. Although the Portfolio seeks to preserve the value of your investment
at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Portfolio.
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INDEX
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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION
CLASSIFICATION AND HISTORY
The Trust is an open-end management investment company. The Portfolio is classified as diversified under the 1940 Act. The Portfolio is offered by the Trust exclusively to the securities lending customers
of The Northern Trust Company (TNTC) and other affiliated entities. Shares of the Portfolio are offered on a private placement basis in accordance with Regulation D under the 1933 Act only to such customers who qualify as
Accredited Investors, as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D. Accredited Investors include certain banks, broker dealers, insurance companies, investment companies, governmental plans, pension plans, corporations,
partnerships and business trusts. Shares of the Portfolio are not registered under the 1933 Act or the securities law of any state and are sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration. Shares may not be transferred or resold without
registration under the 1933 Act, except pursuant to an exemption from registration. Shares, however, may be redeemed from the Trust as described under Purchasing and Selling Shares on page 8 of the Prospectus.
It is currently expected that substantially all of the Portfolios outstanding shares will be owned by investment companies and
other persons that are securities lending customers of TNTC and other affiliated entities.
The Portfolio is a series of
the Trust that was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on July 1, 1997 under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Trust Agreement). The Trust is the result of a reorganization of a Massachusetts business trust formerly known
as The Benchmark Funds on March 31, 1998. The Trusts name was changed from The Benchmark Funds to Northern Institutional Funds on July 15, 1998. The Trust also offers additional money market portfolios, which are not described in
this SAI.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES
The following supplements the investment objective, strategies and risks of the Portfolio as set forth in the Prospectus. The investment
objective of the Portfolio may be changed without the vote of the majority of the Portfolios outstanding shares. Except as expressly noted below, the Portfolios investment strategies may be changed without shareholder approval. In
addition to the instruments discussed below and in the Prospectus, the Portfolio may purchase other types of financial instruments, however designated, whose investment and credit quality characteristics are determined by Northern Trust Investments,
Inc. (NTI or the Investment Adviser, collectively with TNTC referred to as Northern Trust) to be substantially similar to those of any other investment otherwise permitted by the Portfolios investment
strategies.
Liquid Assets Portfolio
seeks to maximize current income to the extent consistent with the
preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity by investing exclusively in high quality money market instruments. The Portfolio seeks to achieve its objective by investing in a broad range of high quality, U.S. dollar-denominated government,
bank and commercial obligations that are available in the money markets.
ASSET-BACKED (INCLUDING MORTGAGE-BACKED)
SECURITIES.
To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Portfolio may purchase asset-backed securities, which are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables, municipal securities or other financial assets.
The investment characteristics of asset-backed securities differ from those of traditional fixed-income securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the
securities are made periodically, thus in effect passing through such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average
life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools
underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments. For this
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and other reasons, an asset-backed security normally is subject to both call risk and extension risk, and an asset-backed securitys stated maturity may be shortened. In addition, the
securitys total return may be difficult to predict precisely. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with traditional fixed-income securities.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity,
while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than
expected prepayments will decrease, yield to maturity. Prepayments on asset-backed securities generally increase with falling interest rates and decrease with rising interest rates; furthermore, prepayment rates are influenced by a variety of
economic and social factors. In general, the collateral supporting non-mortgage asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments.
Asset-backed securities acquired by the Portfolio may include collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). CMOs provide the
holder with a specified interest in the cash flow of a pool of underlying mortgages or other mortgage-backed securities. Issuers of CMOs ordinarily elect to be taxed as pass-through entities known as real estate mortgage investment conduits
(REMICs). CMOs are issued in multiple classes, each with a specified fixed or floating interest rate and a final distribution date. The relative payment rights of the various CMO classes may be structured in a variety of ways, and
normally are considered derivative securities. In some cases, CMOs may be highly leveraged and very speculative. The Portfolio will not purchase residual CMO interests, which normally exhibit greater price volatility.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government that
issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) include Ginnie Mae Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which
are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, which means that the U.S. government guarantees that the interest and principal will be paid when due.
Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae certificates also are supported by the authority of Ginnie Mae to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under
its guarantee.
Mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States, except as described below, but are supported by the
right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Fannie Mae is a stockholder owned corporation chartered under an Act of the U.S. Congress. Fannie Mae certificates are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae.
Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) include Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States, created pursuant to
an Act of Congress. Freddie Mac certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Mac certificates entitle
the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When Freddie Mac does not guarantee timely
payment of principal, Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal after default.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating federal sponsorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Trust cannot predict what
legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress with regard to such sponsorship or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of government guaranteed
mortgage-backed securities and the Portfolios liquidity and value.
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There is risk that the U.S. government will not provide financial support to its agencies,
authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. The Portfolio may purchase U.S. government securities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, such as those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The maximum
potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by the Portfolio may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have
the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
The volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit
markets during late 2008 and into 2009 have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they
provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of
conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and
officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac
and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservators appointment; (4) preserve and conserve
the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury
Department (the Treasury) entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which established the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and
Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior
preferred stock placed significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things: (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital
stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or
(iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions were placed on the maximum size of each of Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities
portfolios, and the purchase agreements entered into by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of Freddie Mac and
Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator; the restrictions placed on Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes operations and
activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury; market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure
and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolio.
As a result of the economic recession that commenced in the U.S. in 2008, there is a heightened risk that the receivables and
loans underlying the asset-backed securities purchased by the Portfolio may suffer greater levels of default than was historically experienced.
In addition, privately issued mortgage-backed securities (as well as other types of asset-backed securities) do not have the backing of any U.S. government agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise.
The seller or servicer of the underlying mortgage obligations generally will make representations and warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished
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to the trustee in respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related certificate-holders in a
mortgage loan, the seller or servicer generally will be obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its place a mortgage loan pursuant to
the conditions set forth therein. Such a repurchase or substitution obligation may constitute the sole remedy available to the related certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such representation or warranty by the seller or
servicer. To provide additional investor protection, some mortgage-backed securities may have various types of credit enhancements, reserve funds, subordination provisions or other features. Non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks
that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the
protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which have given debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the
servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile
receivables. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in
all of the obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support payments on these securities.
The disruption in the residential mortgage-backed securities market (and in particular, the subprime residential mortgage
market), the broader mortgage-backed securities market and the asset-backed securities market in 2008-2009 has resulted, and continues to result, in downward price pressures and increasing foreclosures and defaults in residential and commercial real
estate. Concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the mortgage market and a depressed real estate market have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and
markets going forward, and have contributed to dramatic declines in the housing market, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions. These conditions, coupled
with high levels of real estate inventory and elevated incidence of underwater mortgages, have prompted a number of financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions and, in some cases, to fail. The continuation or
worsening of this general economic downturn may lead to further declines in income from, or the value of, real estate, including the real estate which secures the mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolio. Additionally, a lack of credit
availability, higher mortgage rates and decreases in the value of real property have occurred and may continue to occur or worsen, and potentially prevent borrowers from refinancing their mortgages, which may increase the likelihood of default on
their mortgage loans. These economic conditions, coupled with high levels of real estate inventory and elevated incidence of underwater mortgages, may also adversely affect the amount of proceeds the holder of a mortgage loan or mortgage-backed
securities (including the mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolio may invest) would realize in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies. Moreover, even if such mortgage-backed securities are performing as anticipated, the
value of such securities in the secondary market may nevertheless fall or continue to fall as a result of deterioration in general market conditions for such mortgage-backed securities or other asset-backed or structured products. Trading activity
associated with market indices may also drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on mortgage-backed securities, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such mortgage-backed securities, including the mortgage-backed securities owned by
the Portfolio.
Asset-backed securities acquired by the Portfolio may also include collateralized debt obligations
(CDOs). CDOs include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities.
A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity (SPE) that is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed-income
securities (which may include high risk, below investment grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and
7
nonU.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Although certain
CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a seniorsubordinate structure, overcollateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present and may fail to protect the Portfolio against the risk of loss on
default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create synthetic exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments described elsewhere in this SAI.
CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of the Portfolio.
For both CBOs
and CLOs, the cashflows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the bonds or loans in the SPE
and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO or CLO typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its
underlying securities, and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and
disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as investor aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind (paid in the form of obligations of the same type
rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.
The risks of an
investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which the Portfolio invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities
laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Portfolio as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs, allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks
associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities generally discussed elsewhere in this SAI, CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not
be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the Portfolio may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the complex structure
of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; and (v) the CDOs manager may perform poorly or default.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, BANKERS ACCEPTANCES, CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, TIME DEPOSITS AND BANK NOTES.
To the extent consistent with
its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies.
Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally
drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank
obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the
remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party. Bank notes generally rank junior to deposit liabilities of banks and pari passu with
other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as other borrowings on a banks balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the
FDIC or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the FDIC only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank.
To
the extent such obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated, the Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in the obligations of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such obligations include Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit
(ECDs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign and domestic banks located outside the United States; Eurodollar Time Deposits (ETDs), which are
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U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or a foreign bank; Canadian Time Deposits (CTDs), which are essentially the same as ETDs except they are issued by
Canadian offices of major Canadian banks; Schedule Bs, which are obligations issued by Canadian branches of foreign or domestic banks; Yankee Certificates of Deposit (Yankee CDs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit
issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States; and Yankee Bankers Acceptances (Yankee BAs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated bankers acceptances issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in
the United States.
Commercial paper purchased by the Portfolio may include asset-backed commercial paper. Asset-backed
commercial paper is issued by an SPE that is organized to issue the commercial paper and to purchase trade receivables or other financial assets. The credit quality of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the quality of these assets
and the level of any additional credit support.
CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES.
To the extent consistent
with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may acquire U.S. government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (stripped) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment
brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, including
Treasury Income Growth Receipts (TIGRs) and Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities (CATS). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which usually is sold at a deep
discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry
form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other
evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government obligations for federal tax purposes.
The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue.
CYBER SECURITY
ISSUES
.
With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Portfolio is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks
or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber
attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. Cyber security failures or breaches by the Portfolios third party service providers
(including, but not limited to, the Portfolios accountants and transfer agents, third party intermediaries and the issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations
potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Portfolio shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs,
and/or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Portfolios primary service providers have established business continuity plans in the event
of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Portfolio cannot control the cyber
security plans and systems put in place by issuers in which the Portfolio invests or third party intermediaries. The Portfolio and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
DEMAND FEATURES AND GUARANTEES.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest a
significant percentage of its assets in securities that have demand features, guarantees or similar credit and liquidity enhancements. A demand feature permits the holder of the security to sell the security within a specified period of time at a
stated price and entitles the holder of the security to receive an amount equal to the approximate amortized cost of the security plus accrued interest. A guarantee permits the
9
holder of the security to receive, upon presentment to the guarantor, the principal amount of the underlying security plus accrued interest when due or upon default. A guarantee is the
unconditional obligation of an entity other than the issuer of the security. Demand features and guarantees can effectively:
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shorten the maturity of a variable or floating rate security,
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enhance the securitys credit quality, and
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enhance the ability to sell the security.
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The aggregate price for a security subject to a demand feature or a guarantee may be higher than the price that would otherwise be paid for the security without the guarantee or the demand feature. When
the Portfolio purchases securities subject to guarantees or demand features, there is an increase in the cost of the underlying security and a corresponding reduction in its yield. Because the Portfolio invests in securities backed by banks and
other financial institutions, changes in the credit quality of these institutions could cause losses to the Portfolio.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in U.S.
dollar-denominated foreign securities, including bonds and other fixed-income securities of foreign issuers. Foreign fixed-income securities may include eurodollar convertible securities, which are fixed-income securities that are issued in U.S.
dollars outside the United States and are convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities of the same or a different issuer. The Portfolio also may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign
governments or any of their political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, as well as other foreign issuers. These obligations may be issued by supranational entities, including international organizations (such as the
European Coal and Steel Community) designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies.
Investment in foreign securities involves special risks. These include market risk, interest rate risk and the risks of investing in
securities of foreign issuers and of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. Market risk involves the possibility that security prices will decline over
short or even extended periods. The markets tend to be cyclical, with periods of generally rising prices and periods of generally declining prices. These cycles will affect the value of the Portfolio to the extent that it invests in foreign
securities. The holdings of the Portfolio, to the extent that they invest in fixed-income securities, will be sensitive to changes in interest rates and the interest rate environment. Generally, the prices of bonds and debt securities fluctuate
inversely with interest rate changes.
There are other risks and costs involved in investing in foreign securities which are
in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Investment in foreign securities involves higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes
by foreign governments. Foreign investments also involve risks associated with less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic
developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might
adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks are subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements. Also,
the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its
markets decline. For example, the decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.
European countries can be significantly affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union
(EMU) imposes for membership. Europes economies are diverse, its
10
governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Several EU countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, have faced budget issues, some of which may have negative
long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member
countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit the ability of EMU member countries to implement monetary policy to address
regional economic conditions.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest
in foreign debt, including the securities of foreign governments. Several risks exist concerning such investments, including the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations, may not respect the integrity of such debt, may attempt
to renegotiate the debt at a lower rate, and may not honor investments by U.S. entities or citizens.
Dividends and
interest payable on the Portfolios foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. To the extent such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions allowed to investors under U.S. federal income tax law, they may
reduce the net return to the shareholders. See Taxes on page 50.
The Portfolios income and, in some cases,
capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which they invest, and treaties between the U.S. and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise
applicable tax rates. See Taxes on page 50.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement
procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary
periods when a portion of the assets of the Portfolio remain uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of the Portfolio to make intended security purchases or sales due to settlement problems could result in missed attractive
investment opportunities, losses to the Portfolio due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Portfolio has entered into a contract to sell the securities, possible liability to the purchaser.
The Portfolio may invest a significant percentage of their assets in the securities of issuers located in geographic regions with
securities markets that are highly developed, liquid and subject to extensive regulation, including Japan. In recent years, Japans economic growth has been substantially below the level of earlier decades, and its economy has experienced
periods of recession. Similar to many European countries, Japan is experiencing a deterioration of its competitiveness. Although Japan is attempting to reform its political process and deregulate its economy to address the situation, there is no
guarantee that these efforts will succeed.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS, WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES AND DELAYED-DELIVERY
TRANSACTIONS.
The Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment (sometimes called delayed-delivery) basis. These transactions involve a commitment by the Portfolio to purchase or
sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated.
When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions normally are negotiated directly with the other party.
The
Portfolio will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a
matter of investment strategy, however, the Portfolio may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. The Portfolio also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Portfolio on the
settlement date. The Portfolio may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
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When the Portfolio purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward
commitment basis, the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Portfolios purchase commitments until three days prior to the settlement date, or will otherwise cover its
position. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Portfolio will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases, forward commitments and delayed-delivery transactions. For purposes of
determining the Portfolios average dollar-weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date.
ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES.
The Portfolio may invest up to 5% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. The
Portfolio may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, but can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under
the 1933 Act. These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists. This practice could increase the
level of illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities.
INFLATION-INDEXED SECURITIES.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in
inflation-indexed securities, which are fixed-income securities whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common: the U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation
into the principal value of the security; most other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (CPI) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have varying maturities and pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. If the
periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be
reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not
guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Portfolio also may invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity
may be less than the original principal amount.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to
changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest
rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed
bonds. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a
decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the
bonds inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price
Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and
energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately
measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
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The taxation of inflation-indexed Treasury securities is similar to the taxation of
conventional bonds. Both interest payments and the difference between original principal and the inflation-adjusted principal will be treated as interest income subject to taxation. Interest payments are taxable when received or accrued. The
inflation adjustment to the principal is subject to tax in the year the adjustment is made, not at maturity of the security when the cash from the repayment of principal is received. If an upward adjustment has been made (which typically should
happen), investors in non-tax-deferred accounts will pay taxes on this amount currently. Decreases in the indexed principal can be deducted only from current or previous interest payments reported as income. Inflation-indexed Treasury securities
therefore have a potential cash flow mismatch to an investor, because investors must pay taxes on the inflation-adjusted principal before the repayment of principal is received. It is possible that, particularly for high income tax bracket
investors, inflation-indexed Treasury securities would not generate enough income in a given year to cover the tax liability they could create. This is similar to the current tax treatment for zero-coupon bonds and other discount securities. If
inflation-indexed Treasury securities are sold prior to maturity, capital losses or gains are realized in the same manner as traditional bonds. The Portfolio, however, distributes income on a monthly basis. Portfolio investors will receive dividends
that represent both the interest payments and the principal adjustments of the inflation-indexed securities held in the Portfolio.
INSURANCE FUNDING AGREEMENTS.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in insurance funding agreements (IFAs). An IFA is normally
a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for an IFA becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the companys general assets.
Generally, IFAs are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market in IFAs may not exist. Therefore, IFAs will be subject to the Portfolios limitation on illiquid
investments when the Portfolio may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days and a reliable trading market is absent.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
With respect to the investments of the Portfolio in the securities of other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, such investments will be limited so that, as
determined after a purchase is made, either: (a) not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such investment company will be owned by the Portfolio, the Trust as a whole and its affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act); or
(b) (i) not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the Portfolio will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in
securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Portfolio. These limits will not apply to the investment of uninvested cash balances in
shares of registered or unregistered money market portfolios whether affiliated or unaffiliated. The foregoing exemption, however, only applies to an unregistered money market portfolio that (i) limits its investments to those in which a money
market portfolio may invest under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and (ii) undertakes to comply with all the other provisions of Rule 2a-7.
Investments by the Portfolio in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) orders. The Portfolio may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Generally, these terms and conditions
require the Board to approve policies and procedures relating to certain of the Portfolios investments in ETFs. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that (i) the Investment Adviser conducts the Portfolios
investment in ETFs without regard to any consideration received by the Portfolio or any of its affiliated persons and (ii) the Investment Adviser certifies to the Board quarterly that it has not received any consideration in connection with an
investment by the Portfolio in an ETF, or if it has, the amount and purpose of the consideration will be reported to the Board and an equivalent amount of advisory fees shall be waived by the Investment Adviser.
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Certain investment companies whose securities are purchased by the Portfolio may not be
obligated to redeem such securities in an amount exceeding 1% of the investment companys total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Therefore, such securities that exceed this amount may be illiquid.
If required by the 1940 Act, the Portfolio expects to vote the shares of other investment companies that are held by it in the same
proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and
strategies, the Portfolio may invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategy and restrictions as the Portfolio. However, the
Portfolio currently intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies to the extent described above. The Portfolio may adhere to other limitations with respect to its investments in securities issued by other
investment companies if required or permitted by the SEC or deemed to be in the best interests of the Trust.
MUNICIPAL
INSTRUMENTS.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in municipal instruments. Opinions relating to the validity of municipal instruments and to federal and state tax issues relating to
these securities are rendered by bond counsel to the respective issuing authorities at the time of issuance. Such opinions may contain various assumptions, qualifications or exceptions that are reasonably acceptable to the Investment Adviser.
Neither the Trust nor the Investment Adviser will review the proceedings relating to the issuance of municipal instruments or the bases for such opinions.
Municipal instruments generally are issued to finance public works, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, health-related entities, transportation-related projects, educational programs, water and
pollution control and sewer works. They also are issued to repay outstanding obligations, to raise funds for general operating expenses and to make loans to other public institutions and for other facilities. Municipal instruments include private
activity bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities. Private activity bonds are or have been issued to obtain funds to provide, among other things, privately operated housing facilities, pollution control facilities, convention or trade show
facilities, mass transit, airport, port or parking facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal. Private activity bonds also are issued to privately held or publicly owned corporations
in the financing of commercial or industrial facilities.
State and local governments are authorized in most states to issue
private activity bonds for such purposes in order to encourage corporations to locate within their communities. The principal and interest on these obligations may be payable from the general revenues of the users of such facilities.
Municipal instruments include both general and revenue obligations. General obligations are secured by the
issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the
proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source such as lease revenue payments from the user of the facility being financed. Industrial development bonds are in most cases revenue securities and are not payable from the
unrestricted revenues of the issuer. Consequently, the credit quality of an industrial revenue bond usually is directly related to the credit standing of the private user of the facility involved.
Within the principal classifications of municipal instruments described above there are a variety of categories, including municipal
bonds, municipal notes, municipal leases, asset-backed securities such as custodial receipts and participation certificates. Municipal notes include tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes of short maturity, generally less than three years, which
are issued to obtain temporary funds for various public purposes. Municipal leases and participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities.
Participation certificates may represent participation in a lease, an installment purchase contract, or a conditional sales contract. Certain municipal lease obligations (and related participation certificates) may include
non-appropriation clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money
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is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Custodial receipts are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or
both on certain municipal securities. Municipal leases (and participations in such leases) present the risk that a municipality will not appropriate funds for the lease payments. The Investment Adviser will determine the credit quality of any
unrated municipal leases on an ongoing basis, including an assessment of the likelihood that the leases will not be canceled.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio also may invest in moral obligation
bonds, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of a moral obligation bond is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund (if such a fund has been
established), the restoration of which is a moral commitment, but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality which created the issuer.
Municipal bonds with a series of maturity dates are called serial bonds. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may purchase serial bonds and other long-term
securities provided that they have remaining maturities meeting the Portfolios maturity requirement. The Portfolio also may purchase long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as put bonds) where the
Portfolio obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at least every thirteen months. Put bonds with conditional puts (that is, puts which cannot be exercised if the issuer defaults on its
payment obligations) will present risks that are different than those of other municipal instruments because of the possibility that the Portfolio might hold long-term put bonds on which defaults occur following acquisition by the Portfolio.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may acquire securities in the form
of custodial receipts evidencing rights to receive a specific future interest payment, principal payment or both on certain municipal obligations. Such obligations are held in custody by a bank on behalf of the holders of the receipts. These
custodial receipts are known by various names, including Municipal Receipts, Municipal Certificates of Accrual on Tax-Exempt Securities (M-CATS) and Municipal Zero-Coupon Receipts. The Portfolio also
may purchase certificates of participation that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer, are exempt from regular federal income tax. Certificates of participation are a type of floating or variable rate of obligation that represents interests in a
pool of municipal obligations held by a bank.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the
Portfolio may invest in tax credit bonds. A tax credit bond is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) as a qualified tax credit bond (which includes a qualified forestry conservation
bond, a new clean renewable energy bond, a qualified energy conservation bond and a qualified zone academy bond, each of which must meet certain requirements specified in the Code), a build America bond (which includes certain qualified
bonds issued before January 1, 2011) or certain other specified bonds.
An issuers obligations under its municipal
instruments are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending
the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment
of interest on and principal of its municipal instruments may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal instruments. For example, under
the Tax Reform Act of 1986, interest on certain private activity bonds must be included in an investors federal alternative minimum taxable income, and corporate investors must include all tax-exempt interest in their federal alternative
minimum taxable income. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the
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future in Congress as regards the federal income tax status of interest on municipal instruments or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and
adversely affect the availability of municipal instruments for investment by the Portfolio and the Portfolios liquidity and value. In such an event, the Board of Trustees would reevaluate the Portfolios investment objectives and
strategies and consider changes in their structure or possible dissolution.
Certain of the municipal instruments held by the
Portfolio may be insured as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The insurance policies usually will be obtained by the issuer of the municipal instrument at the time of its original issuance. In the event that the issuer defaults on an
interest or principal payment, the insurer will be notified and will be required to make payment to the bondholders. There is, however, no guarantee that the insurer will meet its obligations. In addition, such insurance will not protect against
market fluctuations caused by changes in interest rates and other factors. Moreover, the insurers exposure to securities involving subprime mortgages may cause a municipal bond insurers rating to be downgraded or may cause the bond
insurer to become insolvent, which may affect the prices and liquidity of municipal obligations insured by the insurance company. The Portfolio may invest more than 25% of its total assets in municipal instruments covered by insurance policies.
In addition, a single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Portfolios
investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Portfolio that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse
developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Portfolio. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, particularly the municipal bond market, may be more
susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar period of economic stress. Municipal bonds may be covered by insurance that guarantees timely interest payments and repayment of principal on maturity. If a bonds
insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the bond could drop. Insurance does not protect the Portfolio or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a bonds market value.
Municipal instruments purchased by the Portfolio may be backed by letters of credit or other forms of credit enhancement issued by
foreign (as well as domestic) banks and other financial institutions. A change in the credit quality of these banks and financial institutions could, therefore, cause loss to the Portfolio that invests in municipal instruments. Letters of credit and
other obligations of foreign financial institutions may involve certain risks in addition to those of domestic obligations.
The Portfolio may invest in municipal leases, which may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Trusts Board of
Trustees. The guidelines will provide for determination of the liquidity of a municipal lease obligation based on factors including the following: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (ii) the number of dealers
willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to
dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer. The Investment Adviser, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, also will consider the marketability of a municipal lease obligation
based upon an analysis of the general credit quality of the municipality issuing the obligation and the essentiality to the municipality of the property covered by the lease.
Currently, it is not the intention of the Portfolio to invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in municipal instruments whose issuers are located in the same state.
OPERATIONAL RISK.
The Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors that
could negatively impact the Portfolio. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from those of the Portfolio in the setting
of priorities, the personnel and resources
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available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. The Investment Adviser, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate
precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for the Investment Adviser or other Portfolio service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the
Portfolio or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS.
The Portfolio may agree to purchase portfolio securities from domestic and foreign financial institutions
subject to the sellers agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (repurchase agreements). Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. Although the securities subject to a
repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase agreement will never be more than one year after the Portfolios acquisition of the securities and normally will be within a shorter period of time.
Securities subject to repurchase agreements normally are held either by the Trusts custodian or subcustodian (if any), or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain
the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Default by the seller would, however, expose the Portfolio to possible loss because of adverse market action or delay in
connection with the disposition of the underlying obligations. In addition, in the event of a bankruptcy, the Portfolio could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Portfolios interest in the collateral is unenforceable. If
the Portfolio enters into a repurchase agreement with a foreign financial institution, it may be subject to the same risks associated with foreign investments (see Foreign Investments above).
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS.
The Portfolio may borrow funds by selling portfolio securities to financial institutions such as
banks and broker/dealers and agreeing to repurchase them at a mutually specified date and price (reverse repurchase agreements). The Portfolio may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to purchase other securities either
maturing, or under an agreement to resell, on a date simultaneous with or prior to the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act. Reverse repurchase agreements
involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Portfolio may decline below the repurchase price. The Portfolio will pay interest on amounts obtained pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement. While reverse repurchase
agreements are outstanding, the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement.
STRIPPED SECURITIES.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may purchase stripped
securities. The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the
Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities or STRIPS. The Portfolio
may purchase securities registered in the STRIPS program. Under the STRIPS program, the Portfolio will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to
hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.
Other types of stripped
securities may be purchased by the Portfolio, including stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBS). SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from
a pool of mortgage-backed obligations. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving all of the interest, while the other class receives all of the principal. However, in some instances, one class will receive some of the interest and most of
the principal while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Portfolio may fail to recoup fully its initial
investment in these securities. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments generally is extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest
generally are higher than prevailing market yields on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow
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patterns also are volatile and there is a risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully. SMBS issued by the U.S. government (or a U.S. government agency, instrumentality or
sponsored enterprise) may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Trusts Board of Trustees if they can be disposed of promptly in the ordinary course of business at a value reasonably close to that used in the calculation of
the net asset value (NAV) per share.
STRUCTURED SECURITIES.
To the extent consistent with its investment
objective and strategies, the Portfolio may purchase structured securities. These fixed-income instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment
trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative
transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the
newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured
securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Investments in these securities may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated
structured securities typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products.
The Portfolios investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments,
including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. Because structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be
equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. These securities generally are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.
Structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the underlying security or reference asset. Structured securities may also be more volatile, less liquid, and
more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.
SUPRANATIONAL BANK
OBLIGATIONS.
The Portfolio, to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, may invest in obligations of supranational banks. Supranational banks are international banking institutions designed or supported by national
governments to promote economic reconstruction, development or trade among nations (e.g., the World Bank). Obligations of supranational banks may be supported by appropriated but unpaid commitments of their member countries and there is no assurance
that these commitments will be undertaken or met in the future.
U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS.
Examples of the types of
U.S. government obligations that may be acquired by the Portfolio include U.S. Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes and Treasury Bonds and the obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing
Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac, Federal Intermediate Credit
Banks, and the Maritime Administration.
Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its
agencies, instrumentalities, or sponsored enterprises also are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by any agency,
instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, the Portfolio may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued by or guaranteed by the U.S. government or
by its agencies,
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instrumentalities, or sponsored enterprises. Not all U.S. government obligations carry the same credit support. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support
to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it were not obligated to do so by law. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future. In addition, the secondary market for certain
participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations generally are considered illiquid.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS.
Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted
either at set intervals or that float at a margin in relation to a generally recognized index rate. These instruments include long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as put bonds), where the Portfolio obtains at
the time of purchase the right to put the bonds back to the issuer or a third party at par at a specified date.
With respect
to the variable and floating rate instruments that may be acquired by the Portfolio, the Investment Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flows and other liquidity ratios of the issuers and guarantors of such instruments and, if the
instruments are subject to demand features, will monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand. Where necessary to ensure that a variable or floating rate instrument meets the Portfolios quality requirements, the
issuers obligation to pay the principal of the instrument will be backed by an unconditional bank letter or line of credit, guarantee or commitment to lend.
The Portfolio will invest in variable and floating rate instruments only when the Investment Adviser deems the investment to involve minimal credit risk. Unrated variable and floating rate instruments
will be determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of the purchase to rated instruments that may be purchased by the Portfolio. In determining weighted average portfolio maturity, an instrument may, subject to the
SECs regulations, be deemed to have a maturity shorter than its nominal maturity based on the period remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the time the Portfolio involved can recover payment of principal as specified in the
instrument. Variable and floating rate instruments eligible for purchase by the Portfolio include variable amount master demand notes, which permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing for periodic adjustments in the interest
rate.
Variable and floating rate instruments that may be purchased by the Portfolio include variable amount master demand
notes, which permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing periodic adjustments in the rate. Variable and floating rate instruments held by the Portfolio will be subject to the Portfolios limitation on illiquid
investments, absent a reliable trading market, when the Portfolio may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days. Because there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more
difficult to sell if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Portfolio is not entitled to exercise its demand rights. As a result, the Portfolio could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments.
YIELDS AND RATINGS.
The yields on certain obligations, including the instruments in which the Portfolio may
invest, are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, financial condition of the issuer, size of the offering, maturity of the obligation and ratings of the issue.
The ratings of Standard & Poors
®
Ratings Services (S&P), Dominion Bond Rating
Service Limited (Dominion), Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) and Fitch Ratings (Fitch) represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings,
however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. For a more complete discussion of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI.
Subject to the limitations stated in the Prospectus, if a security held by the Portfolio undergoes a rating revision, the
Portfolio may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser determines such retention is warranted.
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ZERO COUPON BONDS.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and
strategies, the Portfolio may invest in zero coupon bonds. Zero coupon bonds are debt securities issued or sold at a discount from their face value and which do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or a
specified date. The original issue discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash payment date, prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. These securities also
may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves or receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons. The market prices of zero
coupon bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality.
Zero coupon bonds involve the additional risk that, unlike securities that periodically pay interest to maturity, the
Portfolio will realize no cash until a specified future payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if the issuer of such securities defaults, the Portfolio may obtain no return at all on its investment. In addition, even though
such securities do not provide for the payment of current interest in cash, the Portfolio is nonetheless required to accrue income on such investments for each taxable year and generally is required to distribute such accrued amounts (net of
deductible expenses, if any) to avoid being subject to tax. Because no cash generally is received at the time of the accrual, the Portfolio may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy federal tax
distribution requirements applicable to the Portfolio.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Portfolio is subject to the fundamental investment restrictions enumerated below which may be changed with respect to the Portfolio
only by a vote of the holders of a majority of the Portfolios outstanding shares as described in Description of Shares on page 52.
The Portfolio may not:
(1) Make loans, except through
(a) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with the Portfolios investment objective and strategies, (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) loans of securities, and
(d) loans to affiliates of the Portfolio to the extent permitted by law.
(2) Purchase or sell real estate
or securities issued by real estate investment trusts, but this restriction shall not prevent the Portfolio from investing directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein.
(3) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except that the Portfolio may invest in currency and financial
instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts.
(4) Invest in companies for the purpose
of exercising control or management.
(5) Act as underwriter of securities (except as the Portfolio may be
deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments in accordance with its investment objective and portfolio management policies).
(6) Make any investment inconsistent with the Portfolios classification as a diversified investment company under
the 1940 Act.
(7) Purchase securities if such purchase would cause more than 25% in the aggregate of the
market value of the total assets of the Portfolio to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that there is no limitation with respect to, and the Portfolio
reserves freedom of action, when otherwise consistent with its investment policies, to concentrate its investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities,
20
obligations (other than commercial paper) issued or guaranteed by U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by such U.S.
government obligations or such bank obligations. For the purpose of this restriction, state and municipal governments and their agencies and authorities are not deemed to be industries; as to utility companies, the gas, electric, water and telephone
businesses are considered separate industries; personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries; and wholly-owned finance companies are considered to be in the industries of their parents
if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents.
(8) Borrow money,
except that to the extent permitted by applicable law (a) the Portfolio may borrow from banks, other affiliated investment companies and other persons, and may engage in reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions which involve
borrowings, in amounts up to 33-1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) or such other percentage permitted by law, (b) the Portfolio may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (c) the
Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, and (d) the Portfolio may purchase securities on margin. If due to market fluctuations or other reasons the
Portfolios borrowings exceed the limitations stated above, the Trust will promptly reduce the borrowings of the Portfolio in accordance with the 1940 Act. In addition, as a matter of fundamental policy, the Portfolio will not issue senior
securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.
(9) Notwithstanding any of the
Trusts other fundamental investment restrictions (including, without limitation, those restrictions relating to issuer diversification, industry concentration and control), the Portfolio may (a) purchase securities of other investment
companies to the full extent permitted under Section 12 of the 1940 Act (or any successor provision thereto) or under any regulation or order of the SEC; and (b) invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment
company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Portfolio.
For the purposes of Investment Restriction Nos. 1 and 8 above, the Portfolio has received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to participate in lending and borrowing arrangements with
affiliates.
In applying Investment Restriction No. 6 above, a security is considered to be issued by the entity, or
entities, whose assets and revenues back the security. A guarantee of a security is not deemed to be a security issued by the guarantor when the value of all securities issued and guaranteed by the guarantor, and owned by the Portfolio, does not
exceed 10% of the value of the Portfolios total assets.
The freedom of action reserved in Investment Restriction
No. 7 with respect to U.S. branches of foreign banks is subject to the requirement that they are subject to the same regulation as domestic branches of U.S. banks. The freedom of action reserved with respect to foreign branches of U.S. banks is
subject to the requirement that the U.S. parent of the foreign branch be unconditionally liable in the event that the foreign branch failed to pay on its instruments for any reason. Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may include
certificates of deposit, bank and deposit notes, bankers acceptances and fixed time deposits. These obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch. Such obligations will meet the criteria for
Eligible Securities as described in the Prospectus.
Except to the extent otherwise provided in Investment
Restriction No. 7, for the purpose of such restriction in determining industry classification, the Portfolio may use any one of the following: the Bloomberg Industry Group Classification, S&P, J. J. Kenny Municipal Purpose Codes, FT
Interactive Industrial Codes, Securities Industry Classification Codes or the Global Industry Classification Standard. For the purpose of determining the percentage of the Portfolios total assets invested in securities of issuers having their
principal business activities in a particular industry, an asset-backed security will be classified separately based on the nature of its underlying assets.
21
Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Portfolios
investment practices described in this SAI and the Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.
Notwithstanding Investment Restriction No. 8, the Portfolio intends to limit any borrowings to not more than 25% of the Portfolios total assets (including the amount borrowed).
The Portfolio intends, as a non-fundamental policy, to diversify its investments in accordance with current SEC regulations. Investments
in the securities of any single issuer (excluding cash, cash items, certain repurchase agreements, U.S. government securities and securities of other investment companies) will be limited to not more than 5% of the value of the Portfolios
total assets at the time of purchase, except that 25% of the value of the total assets of the Portfolio may be invested in the securities of any one issuer for a period of up to three Business Days. Subject to certain exceptions, immediately after
the acquisition of any demand features or guarantees (i.e., generally, the right to sell the security at a price equal to its approximate amortized cost (for a demand feature) or principal amount (for a guarantee) plus accrued interest), with
respect to 75% of the assets of the Portfolio, no more than 10% of the Portfolios total assets may be invested in securities issued by or subject to demand features or guarantees issued by the same issuer. In accordance with SEC regulations,
the Portfolio will limit its investments in securities that are rated in the two highest short-term rating categories as determined by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) (or one NRSRO if the
security is rated by only one NRSRO) but which are not First Tier Securities (as defined in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act) or, if unrated, are not of comparable quality to First Tier Securities (Second Tier Securities) to 3% of its total
assets, with investments in any one issuer being limited to no more than one-half of one percent of its total assets.
Any
Investment Restriction which involves a maximum percentage (other than the restriction set forth in Investment Restriction No. 8) will not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by,
an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the Portfolio. The 1940 Act requires that if the asset coverage for borrowings at any time falls below the limits described in Investment Restriction No. 8, the
Portfolio will, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays), reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the net asset coverage of such borrowings shall conform to such limits.
Although the foregoing Investment Restrictions would permit the Portfolio to acquire options, enter into forward currency contracts and
engage in short sales and interest rate and currency swaps, it is not currently permitted to engage in these transactions under SEC regulations.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board
of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of the Portfolios shareholders. The policy provides that neither the Portfolio nor its Investment Adviser, Placement
Agent or any agent, or any employee thereof (Portfolio Representative) will disclose the Portfolios portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, portfolio
holdings information means the Portfolios actual portfolio holdings, as well as non-public information about its trading strategies or pending transactions including the portfolio holdings, trading strategies or pending transactions of
any actively managed commingled fund portfolio which contains identical holdings as the Portfolio. Under the policy, neither the Portfolio nor any Portfolio Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection
with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Portfolio Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in the Portfolios public filings with the SEC or is disclosed
on the Trusts publicly accessible web site. Information posted on the Trusts web site may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Trusts web site.
Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available web site may be provided to third
parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings
22
information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer
(CCO). Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the Portfolio, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other
third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of the Portfolio) only upon approval by the CCO, who must first determine that the Portfolio has a legitimate business purpose
for doing so. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of
confidentiality as determined by the CCO. In accordance with the policy, the recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis are as follows: the Investment Adviser and its affiliates; the Portfolios
independent registered public accounting firm; the Portfolios custodian; the Portfolios legal counsel; the Portfolios financial printer, R.R. Donnelley; the Portfolios proxy voting service, RiskMetrics Group; and the
following rating and ranking organizations: S&P and Moodys. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third-party providers of custodial or accounting services to the Portfolio may release non-public portfolio
holdings information of the Portfolio only with the permission of Portfolio Representatives. From time to time, portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with the Portfolio seeking portfolio securities
trading recommendations. In providing this information reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken in an effort to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
The Portfolio currently publishes on the Trusts web site, northernfunds.com/institutional/liquidassets, complete
portfolio holdings of the Portfolio as of the end of each calendar month subject to at least a ten (10) calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The Portfolio also publishes on the
Trusts web site, no later than the fifth business day of each month and for a period of not less than six months, certain information regarding the Portfolios portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month. The
Portfolio may publish on the web site complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if it has a legitimate business purpose for doing so. Additionally, shareholders of the Portfolio have access to portfolio holdings on a daily basis
through their Northern Trust custody account.
Portfolio holdings also are currently disclosed through required filings with
the SEC. The Portfolio files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the Portfolios
fiscal year). Certain portfolio information with respect to the Portfolio will be provided in monthly holdings reports to the SEC on Form N-MFP. Form N-MFP will be made available to the public by the SEC 60 days after the end of the month to
which the information pertains, and a link to each of the most recent 12 months of filings on Form
N-MFP
will be provided on the Trusts web site. Shareholders may obtain the Portfolios Forms N-CSR,
N-Q and N-MFP filings on the SECs web site at sec.gov. In addition, the Portfolios Forms N-CSR, N-Q and N-MFP filings may be reviewed and copied at the SECs public reference room in Washington, DC. You may call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for information about the SECs web site or the operation of the public reference room.
Under the policy, the Board of Trustees is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public
portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter.
23
ADDITIONAL TRUST INFORMATION
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The Board of Trustees of the Trust is responsible for the management and business and affairs of the Trust. Set forth below is information about the Trustees and Officers of Northern Institutional Funds
as of the date of this SAI. Each Trustee has served in that capacity since he or she was originally elected or appointed to the Board of Trustees. As of the date of this SAI, each Trustee oversees a total of 56 portfolios in the Northern Funds
ComplexNorthern Institutional Funds offers 8 portfolios and Northern Funds offers 48 portfolios.*
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES
|
|
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD
WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH OF
SERVICE AS TRUSTEE
(2)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE
(3)
|
William L. Bax
Age:
70
Trustee since 2005
|
|
Managing Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Chicago (an
accounting firm) from 1997 to 2003;
Director of Big Shoulders Fund since
1997;
Director of Lurie Childrens Hospital since 1998;
Trustee of DePaul University from 1998 to 2009;
Director of Andrew Corporation (a communications product company) from 2006 to
2008.
|
|
Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (an insurance brokerage company).
|
(1)
|
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000,
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.
|
(2)
|
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose
of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of
Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of
the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.
|
(3)
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
Exchange Act) (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.
|
*
|
Ms. Skinner and Mr. Potter each oversee a total of 47 portfolios in the Northern Funds Complex39 portfolios offered by Northern Funds and 8 offered by
Northern Institutional Funds.
|
24
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
|
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH
OF
SERVICE AS
TRUSTEE
(2)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE
(3)
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr.
Age:
73
Trustee since 1994
|
|
Chairman and CEO of The Paradigm Group, Ltd. (a financial
adviser) since 1993;
Principal and Co-Founder of Paradigm Capital,
Ltd. (a financial adviser) since 1996;
Founding Member and Director
of the Illinois Venture Capital Association since 2001;
Member of the
Board of Governors of The Metropolitan Club since 2003;
Member of the
Board of Advisors of AAVIN Equity Partners (a private equity firm) since 2005;
Member of the National Advisory Board of National Domestic Violence Hotline since
2005;
Member of the Board of Directors at LightBridge Healthcare
Research Inc. (a healthcare-related educational materials provider) since 2006;
Member of Advisory Board of Lextech Global Services (a systems engineering services
company) since 2009;
Member of Advisory Council of Northwestern Brain
Tumor Institute since 2010;
Chairman of the Board of Directors of
ViMedicus, Inc. (a healthcare-related educational materials provider) since 2010.
|
|
None
|
(1)
|
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000,
Philadelphia,
PA 19103-6996.
|
(2)
|
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose
of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of
Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of
the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.
|
(3)
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment
companies registered under the 1940 Act.
|
25
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
|
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH
OF
SERVICE AS
TRUSTEE
(2)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE
(3)
|
Mark G. Doll
Age:
64
Trustee since 2013
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer,
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2008 to 2012;
Senior
Vice PresidentPublic Markets, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2002 to 2008;
President, Northwestern Mutual Series Fund, Mason Street Advisors and Mason Street
Funds from 2002 to 2008;
Chairman, Archdiocese of Milwaukee Finance
Council since 2005;
Member of Investment Committee of Milwaukee Art
Museum from 1995 to 2012;
Member of Investment Committee of Greater
Milwaukee Foundation since 2003;
Member of Investment Committee of
Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra from 2006 to 2012.
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Sandra Polk Guthman
Age:
70
Trustee since 1997 and Vice Chair since 2013
|
|
Chair since 1993 and CEO from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros.
Foundation (an Illinois not-for-profit corporation);
Director of
National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation (f/k/a MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois) (a municipal bond insurance company) since 1994;
Trustee of Rush University Medical Center since 2007;
Trustee of Wellesley College since 2010.
|
|
None
|
(1)
|
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000,
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.
|
(2)
|
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose
of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of
Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of
the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.
|
(3)
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment
companies registered under the 1940 Act.
|
26
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
|
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH
OF
SERVICE AS
TRUSTEE
(2)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE
(3)
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner, Esq.
Age:
56
Trustee since 2000
|
|
Partner in the law firm of Sidley Austin LLP.
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
Richard P. Strubel
Age:
74
Trustee since 1982 and Chairman since 2008
|
|
Vice Chairman and Director of Cardean Learning Group
(formerly UNext, Inc.) (a provider of educational services via the Internet) from 2004 to 2007;
President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of UNext, Inc. from 1999 to
2004.
|
|
Gildan Activewear, Inc. (a clothing marketing and
manufacturing company);
Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (94
portfolios);
Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc.
(4)
|
|
|
|
Casey J. Sylla
Age:
70
Trustee since 2008
|
|
Board member, University of WisconsinEau Claire
Foundation since 2006;
Advisor, G.D. Searle Family Trusts from
2010 to 2012 and Independent Trustee since 2012.
|
|
GATX Corporation (transportation services).
|
(1)
|
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000,
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.
|
(2)
|
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose
of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of
Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of
the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.
|
(3)
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment
companies registered under the 1940 Act.
|
(4)
|
Registration statement filed but not yet effective as of the date of this SAI.
|
27
INTERESTED TRUSTEE
|
|
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH
OF
SERVICE AS
TRUSTEE
(2)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE
YEARS
|
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE
(3)
|
Stephen N. Potter
(4)
Age:
57
Trustee since 2008
|
|
President, Northern Trust Asset Management since 2008;
Chairman and President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since March
2008;
Executive Vice President of Northern Trust Corporation since
October 2003;
President of Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from
March 2008 to February 2009;
Director of The Northern Trust Company of
Connecticut from July 2009 to December 2013;
Director of Northern Trust
Global Investments, Ltd. from February 2000 to February 2009;
Director
of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from May 2008 to January 2012;
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Northern Trust Global Services, Ltd. from
2003 to 2008;
Chief Executive Officer of Europe, the Middle East and
Africa at The Northern Trust Company from 2001 to March 2008;
Managing
Director, Institutional Group, Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from 1995 to 2001.
|
|
None
|
(1)
|
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000,
Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.
|
(2)
|
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose
of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of
Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of
the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years.
|
(3)
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment
companies registered under the 1940 Act.
|
(4)
|
An interested person, as defined by the 1940 Act. Mr. Potter is deemed to be an interested Trustee because he is an
officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates.
|
28
OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH OF
SERVICE
(1)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
Lloyd A. Wennlund
Age:
56
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
President since 2000
|
|
Executive Vice President since 2003 and Director since 2001 of Northern Trust Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President and other positions at The Northern Trust Company and
Managing Executive, Mutual Funds for Asset Management since 1994; Head of Defined Contribution Business at The Northern Trust Company since 2011; Director, NT Global Advisors, Inc. from 2006 to 2012; Director, The Northern Trust Company of
Connecticut from 2012 to 2013; President and Director of Northern Trust Securities, Inc. from 1997 to 2009.
|
|
|
Eric K. Schweitzer
Age:
52
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Vice President since 2000
|
|
Senior Vice President at Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2001; Senior Vice President at The Northern Trust Company since 2000; Director, NT Global Advisors, Inc. since
2012.
|
|
|
Susan J. Hill
Age:
57
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Chief Compliance Officer since 2004
|
|
Chief Compliance Officer of The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2007 to 2013; Chief Compliance Officer of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2007 to 2011; Chief
Compliance Officer of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. from 2005 to 2013; Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2005; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to
2004.
|
|
|
Darlene Chappell
Age:
51
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer since 2009
|
|
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Northern Trust Investments, Inc., Northern Trust Securities, Inc. and NT Alpha Strategies Fund since 2009; Anti-Money Laundering
Compliance Officer for NT Equity Long/Short Strategies Fund and FlexShares Trust since 2011; Vice President and Compliance Consultant for The Northern Trust Company since 2006; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for The Northern Trust Company
of Connecticut from 2009 to 2013; Audit ManagerCompliance Department of National Futures Association from 2000 to 2006.
|
|
|
Randal Rein
Age: 43
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois
60603
Treasurer since 2008
|
|
Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2010 and Senior Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company through 2010; Vice President of
Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2007 to 2010; Second Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2002 to 2007.
|
|
|
Michael Pryszcz
Age:
46
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Treasurer since 2008
|
|
Senior Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010; Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company from 2005 to 2010; Second Vice
President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to 2005.
|
(1)
|
Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until the next annual meeting of the Trust or until their successors are duly elected and
qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified.
|
29
OFFICERS OF THE TRUST (CONTINUED)
|
|
|
NAME, ADDRESS, AGE,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH OF
SERVICE
(1)
|
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
|
Richard Crabill
Age:
45
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Treasurer since 2008
|
|
Senior Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company since 2011; Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2005 to 2011; Second
Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2002 to 2005.
|
|
|
Michael Meehan
Age:
43
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Treasurer since 2011
|
|
Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2011; Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2009 to 2011; Second Vice President of Fund
Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2008 to 2009; Officer of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2005 to 2008.
|
|
|
Gregory A. Chidsey
Age:
45
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Treasurer since 2013
|
|
Senior Vice President of Financial Reporting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010; Senior Manager and Assistant Treasurer for the Van Kampen Funds from 2007 to 2010; Vice
President in Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2004 to 2007; Second Vice President in Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to 2004.
|
|
|
Craig R. Carberry, Esq.
Age:
52
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Secretary since 2010
|
|
Senior Legal Counsel and U.S. Funds General Counsel at The Northern Trust Company since May 2000; Secretary of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2000; Secretary of NT Alpha
Strategies Fund since 2004; Secretary of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2007 to 2012; Secretary of The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2009 to 2013; Secretary of NT Equity Long/Short Strategies Fund and FlexShares Trust since
2011; Secretary of NETS Trust from 2008 to 2009.
|
|
|
Owen T. Meacham, Esq.
Age:
43
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Secretary since 2008
|
|
Senior Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Attorney of The Northern Trust Company since 2011; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Attorney of The
Northern Trust Company from 2007 to 2011; Secretary of Harding, Loevner Funds since 2010; Assistant Secretary of Ashmore Funds since 2010.
|
|
|
Jose J. Del Real, Esq.
Age:
36
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago,
Illinois 60603
Assistant Secretary since 2011
|
|
Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Attorney of The Northern Trust Company since 2012; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust
Company from 2011 to 2012; Second Vice President and Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2010 to 2011; Associate Attorney in the Investment Services Group at the law firm of Vedder Price, P.C. from 2006 to
2010.
|
(1)
|
Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until the next annual meeting of the Trust or until their successors are duly elected and
qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified.
|
30
As a result of the responsibilities assumed by the Trusts service providers, the
Trust itself requires no employees.
Each officer holds comparable positions with Northern Funds and certain officers
hold comparable positions with certain other investment companies of which Northern Trust Corporation, or an affiliate thereof, is the investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent and/or administrator.
LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE.
The Board of Trustees is currently composed of eight Trustees, seven of whom are
not interested persons as defined in the 1940 Act (non-interested Trustee), and one of whom is an interested person as defined in the 1940 Act (interested Trustee). The Chairman of the Board of
Trustees, Richard P. Strubel, is a non-interested Trustee. The Vice-Chair of the Board of Trustees, Sandra Polk-Guthman, is a non-interested Trustee. The Vice-Chairs responsibilities and duties are determined by the Chairman. Stephen N. Potter
is considered an interested Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. Each Trustee was nominated to serve on the Board of Trustees because of his or her experience,
skills and qualifications. See Trustee Experience below. The Board of Trustees believes that its leadership structure is consistent with industry practices and is appropriate in light of the size of the Trust and the nature and
complexity of its business. In particular:
|
|
|
Board Composition.
The Trustees believe that having a super-majority of non-interested Trustees (more than 75%) is appropriate and in the best
interest of shareholders. The Trustees also believe that having Mr. Potter serve as an interested Trustee brings management and financial insight that is important to certain of the Board of Trustees decisions and also in the best
interest of shareholders.
|
|
|
|
Independent Trustee Meetings and Executive Sessions
. The Trustees believe that meetings of the non-interested Trustees and meetings in executive
session, including with independent counsel, help prevent conflicts of interest from occurring. The Trustees also believe that these sessions allow the non-interested Trustees to deliberate candidly and constructively, separately from management, in
a manner that affords honest disagreement and critical questioning.
|
RISK
OVERSIGHT.
Risk oversight is a part of the Board of Trustees general oversight of the Portfolio and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the
responsibilities of the Investment Adviser and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out the Portfolios investment management and business affairs. The Investment Adviser and other service providers employ
a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that may give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they occur. Each
of the Investment Adviser and other service providers have their own independent interests in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Investment Adviser has a
dedicated risk management function that is headed by a chief risk officer.
Currently, the Board receives and reviews risk
reports on a quarterly basis from the Investment Advisers chief risk officer. The Audit Committee reviews and discusses these reports with the Investment Advisers Chief Risk Officer prior to their presentation to the Board. These reports
cover risk areas that include, but are not limited to, credit risk, investment risk, operational risk, fiduciary risk, compliance risk, market and liquidity risk, operational risk and strategic risk. These reports are intended to provide the
Trustees with a forward-looking view of risk and the manner in which the Investment Adviser is managing various risks.
The Audit Committee, in addition to its risk management responsibilities, plays an important role in the Board of Trustees risk
oversight. Working with the Portfolios independent registered accountants, the Audit Committee ensures that the Portfolios annual audit scope includes risk-based considerations, such that the auditors consider the risks potentially
impacting the audit findings as well as risks to the Portfolios financial position and operations.
31
The Board of Trustees also monitors and reviews the Portfolios performance metrics,
and regularly confers with the Investment Adviser on performance-related issues.
The Trusts CCO reports to the
Board of Trustees at least quarterly regarding compliance risk issues. In addition to providing quarterly reports, the CCO provides an annual report to the Board of Trustees in accordance with the Portfolios compliance policies and procedures.
The CCO regularly discusses relevant compliance risk issues affecting the Portfolio during meetings with the non-interested Trustees and counsel. The CCO updates the Board of Trustees on the application of the Portfolios compliance policies
and procedures and discusses how they mitigate risk. The CCO also reports to the Board of Trustees immediately regarding any problems associated with the Portfolios compliance policies and procedures that could expose (or that might have the
potential to expose) the Portfolio to risk.
TRUSTEE EXPERIENCE
. Each Trustee is
required to possess certain qualities such as integrity, intelligence, the ability to critically discuss and analyze issues presented to the Board of Trustees and an understanding of a trustees fiduciary obligations with respect to a
registered investment company. In addition to these qualities, the following is a description of certain other Trustee attributes, skills, experiences and qualifications.
William L. Bax:
Mr. Bax was Managing Partner of the Chicago office of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), an international accounting, auditing and consulting firm, from 1997 to 2003, and a partner
in the firm for a total of 26 years. He previously served as a director of Sears Roebuck & Co., a publicly traded retail company, from 2003 to 2005, and Andrew Corporation, a publicly-traded communications product company, from 2006 to
2008. He currently serves as a director for a public operating company board, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. During his 26 years as a partner and 6 years as head of PwCs Chicago office, Mr. Bax gained extensive experience advising
public companies regarding accounting, disclosure and strategic issues. Mr. Bax understands the Boards oversight role with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his public company board
experience and service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2005 and of the Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006, and his current and prior directorships with public operating companies.
Edward J. Condon, Jr.:
Mr. Condon was Vice President and Corporate Treasurer of Sears, Roebuck and Co. a multi-national
conglomerate with responsibilities to various operating entities including but not limited to Allstate Insurance, Dean Witter Reynolds, Coldwell Banker as well as the large retail trading company. In this capacity he served as Chairman, Managing
Director or Chairman of the Audit Committee of several rated subsidiaries active in public financial markets. He also served as one of three members of the investment committee of Sears Profit Sharing and Pension Plan. After 27 years, he retired in
1993 to form The Paradigm Group a financial consulting and venture capital investment firm of which he remains CEO. Mr. Condon has been audit chairman of several private companies and is a founding board member of the Illinois Venture Capital
Association. He has also served as the administrator and board member of the State of Illinois Technology Fund. He has experience analyzing and evaluating financial statements of issuers as a result of his investment and business experience.
Mr. Condon is also familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern
Institutional Funds since 1994 as well as his service on Northern Funds Board of Trustees since 2000 and on the Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006.
Mark G. Doll:
Mr. Doll Mr. Doll has over 40 years experience in the investment management industry. He was Chief Investment Officer of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company
from 2008 to 2012. During that time, he was responsible for over $180 billion in account assets, and managed the Northwestern Mutual Series, Inc., a 1940 Act-registered mutual fund complex offering 28 portfolios. During his 31 years at Northwestern
Mutual, Mr. Doll oversaw all aspects of the companys publicly traded assets. As Chief Investment Officer, he was a member of the seven-person management committee that oversaw all aspects of Northwestern Mutuals asset management
business. Mr. Dolls extensive experience in mutual fund and separate account management provided him with significant knowledge of equity, fixed income and money market funds. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds,
Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2013.
32
Sandra Polk Guthman:
Ms. Guthman has been the chair since 1993 and was the
chief executive officer from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros. Foundation, a multi-million dollar private foundation. In her capacity as chief executive officer, she analyzed investments for the foundation and therefore also has experience supervising and
evaluating investment advisers and their performance. She also serves on the Investment Committee of Wellesley College providing additional experience in supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. In addition,
Ms. Guthman has experience in the securities industry generally as a result of her service as a director of MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois, a private municipal bond insurance company, now known as National Public Finance Guarantee
Corporation. Ms. Guthman has also chaired a number of governance and nominating committees of other boards of directors and served previously on the board of directors of a Chicago bank. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and
its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and the other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of the Northern Institutional Funds since 1997, Northern Funds since 2000 and
Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006.
Mary Jacobs Skinner:
Ms. Skinner is a partner in Sidley Austin LLP, a
large international law firm, in which she manages a regulatory-based practice. As a result of this position, Ms. Skinner is familiar with legal, regulatory and financial matters. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its
oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds since 2000 and Northern Funds since 1998.
Richard P. Strubel:
Mr. Strubel serves as trustee of the Goldman Sachs Funds, a family of mutual funds managed by Goldman
Sachs Asset Management, a division of Goldman Sachs & Co. He also serves as a director of the Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc. a business development company, MLP Income Opportunities Fund and the Goldman Sachs Multi-Manager Alternatives Fund.
Mr. Strubel also serves on the board of Gildan Activewear Inc., which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). He was Vice-Chairman of the Board of Cardean Learning Group (formerly known as Unext), and previously served as
Unexts President and Chief Operating Officer. In past years, Mr. Strubel was Managing Director of Tandem Partners, Inc., a privately-held management services firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Microdot, Inc. He
also served as President of Northwest Industries, then a NYSE-listed company, a conglomerate with operating entities around the world. Mr. Strubel is also a Trustee Emeritus of the University of Chicago and is an adjunct professor at the
University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Mr. Strubel has also served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds since 1982, as well as Northern Funds since 2000 and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006. As a result of
these various positions, Mr. Strubel understands how investment companies operate and the oversight role of a fund board with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers.
Casey J. Sylla:
Mr. Sylla is a former chief investment officer and chief financial officer for The Allstate Corporation. He
also served as chairman of the investment committee of a registered investment adviser, Legal and General Investment Management-America. As a result of these positions, Mr. Sylla is familiar with financial, investment and business matters. He
also understands the functions of a board through his current service as a member of a board of a public operating company, GATX Corporation. He also serves on the Board of the University of WisconsinEau Claire Foundation and is an independent
trustee of the G.D. Searle Family Trusts. In addition, he is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a
non-interested Trustee of Northern Institutional Funds, Northern Funds and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2008.
Stephen N. Potter:
Mr. Potter has held various executive and internal subsidiary board positions with NTI and The Northern
Trust Company since 1982, including his present position as president of the Investment Adviser. As a result of these positions, Mr. Potter has financial, business, management and investment experience. Although he is an interested
person under the 1940 Act, the independent Trustees believe that Mr. Potter provides an important business perspective with respect to the Investment Adviser and the Northern Institutional Funds other service providers that is critical to
their decision-making process. Mr. Potter also understands the functions of the Board as a result of his service on the Boards of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds since 2008.
33
STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES
. The Board of Trustees has
established three standing committees in connection with its governance of the Portfolio: Audit, Governance and Valuation.
The Audit Committee consists of three members: Messrs. Bax (Chairperson), Condon and Strubel (ex officio). The Audit Committee oversees
the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the
entire Board of Trustees an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. The Audit Committee also is designated as the
Qualified Legal Compliance Committee under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Audit Committee convenes at least four times each year to meet with the independent registered public accounting firm to review the scope and results of the audit and to
discuss other non-audit matters as requested by the Boards Chairperson, the Committee Chairperson or the independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Audit Committee convened five
times.
The Governance Committee consists of three members: Mses. Guthman (Chairperson) and Skinner, and Mr. Strubel (ex
officio). The functions performed by the Governance Committee include, among other things, selecting and nominating candidates to serve as non-interested Trustees, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Trustee compensation, developing
policies regarding Trustee education, subject to Board oversight, supervising the Trusts CCO and reviewing information and making recommendations to the Board in connection with the Boards annual consideration of the Trusts
custodian, foreign custody, transfer agency and administration agreements. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Governance Committee convened four times.
As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by
shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath, LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.
The Valuation Committee consists of five members: Messrs. Sylla (Chairperson), Condon, Doll, Potter and Strubel (ex officio). The
Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities of the Trusts Portfolios in accordance with the Trusts valuation procedures. During the fiscal year ended November 30,
2013, the Valuation Committee convened four times.
TRUSTEE OWNERSHIP OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
.
Shares of the Portfolio are offered exclusively to the securities lending customers of TNTC and affiliated entities. For this reason, the Trustees may not make direct investments in the Portfolio. The following table shows the dollar range of shares
owned by each Trustee in the Portfolio and other Portfolios of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds.
|
|
|
|
|
Information as of December 31, 2013
|
Name of Trustee
|
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Portfolio
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies
(1)
|
William L. Bax
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr.
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Mark G. Doll
|
|
None
|
|
None
|
Sandra Polk Guthman
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner
(
2
)
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Richard P. Strubel
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
Casey J. Sylla
|
|
None
|
|
Over $100,000
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Trustee
|
|
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Portfolio
|
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies
(1)
|
Name of Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
Stephen N. Potter
|
|
None
|
|
$1-$10,000
|
(1)
|
The Northern Funds Complex consists of Northern Institutional Funds, Northern Funds and Northern Multi-Manager Funds. As of December 31, 2013,
Northern Institutional Funds offered 8 portfolios and Northern Funds offered 48 portfolios (including
9 Multi-Manager
Funds).
|
(2)
|
Includes amounts in
Ms. Skinners Deferred Compensation Plan
account, which is treated as if invested in the Diversified Assets Portfolio of Northern Institutional Funds.
|
TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION
. The Trust pays each Trustee who is not an officer, director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries annual fees
for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and as a member of the respective Board committees. In recognition of their services, the fees paid to the Board and Committee chairpersons are larger than the fees paid to other members of the
Trusts Board and Committees. The Trustees also are reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust also may pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences
relating to the investment company industry.
The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the
compensation of each non-interested and interested Trustee of the Trust for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013:
Non-Interested Trustees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquid
Assets
Portfolio
|
|
|
Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex
(including the
Portfolio)
(1)
|
|
William L. Bax
|
|
$
|
1,985
|
|
|
$
|
210,000
|
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr.
|
|
|
1,985
|
|
|
|
210,000
|
|
Mark G. Doll
|
|
|
885
|
|
|
|
93,750
|
|
Sandra Polk Guthman
|
|
|
1,985
|
|
|
|
210,000
|
|
Michael H. Moskow
(2)
|
|
|
1,701
|
|
|
|
180,000
|
(
3
)
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner
|
|
|
1,701
|
|
|
|
180,000
|
(
4
)
|
Richard P. Strubel
|
|
|
2,268
|
|
|
|
240,000
|
|
Casey J. Sylla
|
|
|
1,985
|
|
|
|
210,000
|
|
Interested Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liquid
Assets
Portfolio
|
|
|
Total
Compensation
from Fund
Complex
(including the
Portfolio)
(1)
|
|
Stephen N. Potter
(
5
)
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
(1)
|
As of November 30, 2013, the Northern Funds Complex consisted of Northern Institutional Funds (8 portfolios) and Northern Funds (47 portfolios).
|
(2)
|
Mr. Moskow retired as a Trustee of the Trust effective December 31, 2013.
|
(3)
|
Mr. Moskow did not defer compensation for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013; during that time, Mr. Moskow earned $23,754 in accrued
interest from previous years deferred compensation.
|
(4)
|
Ms. Skinner did not defer compensation for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013; during that time, Ms. Skinner earned $56 in accrued
interest from previous years deferred compensation.
|
(5)
|
As an interested Trustee, who is an officer, director and employee of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, Mr. Potter
does not receive any compensation from the Trust for his services.
|
35
The Trust does not provide pension or retirement benefits to its Trustees.
Prior to August 22, 2013, each Trustee was entitled to participate in the Northern Institutional Funds Deferred Compensation Plan
(the D.C. Plan). Effective August 22, 2013, the Trustees may no longer defer their compensation. Any amounts deferred and invested under the D.C. Plan shall remain invested pursuant to the terms of the D.C. Plan. Under the D.C.
Plan, a Trustee may have elected to have his or her deferred fees treated as if they had been invested by the Trust in the shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Fund of Northern Funds or the Diversified Assets Portfolio of the Trust and/or
at the discretion of the Trust, another money market fund selected by the Trust that complied with the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act or one or more short-term fixed-income instruments selected by the Trust that are eligible
securities as defined by that rule. The amount paid to the Trustees under the D.C. Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments. Deferral of Trustees fees will not obligate the Trust to retain the service of any
Trustee or obligate the Portfolio to any level of compensation to the Trustee. The Trust may invest in underlying securities without shareholder approval.
The Trusts officers do not receive fees from the Trust for services in such capacities. Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, of which Mses. Chappell and Hill and Messrs. Carberry,
Chidsey, Crabill, Del Real, Meacham, Meehan, Pryszcz, Rein, Schweitzer and Wennlund are officers, receive fees from the Trust as Investment Adviser, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Trust, its Investment Adviser and principal underwriter have adopted codes of ethics (the Codes of Ethics) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject
to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust.
INVESTMENT ADVISER, TRANSFER AGENT AND CUSTODIAN
NTI, a subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the
Investment Adviser (the Investment Adviser) of the Portfolio. Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,
as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.
NTI is an Illinois State Banking
Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective
funds.
TNTC is the principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation. TNTC is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago,
Illinois 60603. TNTC is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1889, TNTC has administered and managed assets for individuals, institutions and corporations.
As of December 31, 2013, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $5.6 trillion, and assets under investment management of $884.5 billion.
Investment Advisory Agreement
Under the Trusts Investment Advisory Agreement with the Investment Adviser for the Portfolio (the Advisory Agreement), the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the
Trusts Board of Trustees, makes decisions with respect to and places orders for all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for the Portfolio.
36
The Investment Adviser also is responsible for monitoring and preserving the records
required to be maintained under the regulations of the SEC (with certain exceptions unrelated to its activities for the Trust). In making investment recommendations for the Portfolio, investment advisory personnel may not inquire or take into
consideration whether issuers of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Portfolios accounts are customers of TNTCs commercial banking department. These requirements are designed to prevent investment advisory personnel for the
Portfolio from knowing which companies have commercial business with TNTC and from purchasing securities where they know the proceeds will be used to repay loans to the bank.
The Advisory Agreement has been approved by the Board of Trustees, including the non-interested Trustees, and the initial shareholder of the Trust.
In connection with portfolio transactions for the Portfolio, which are generally done at a net price without a brokers commission,
the Advisory Agreement with the Trust provides that the Investment Adviser shall attempt to obtain the best net price and execution.
On occasions when the Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Portfolio as well as other fiduciary or agency accounts of the Investment Adviser, the
Advisory Agreement provides that the Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Portfolio with those to be sold or purchased for such other accounts in
order to obtain the best net price and execution. In such an event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it considers to be the
most equitable and consistent with its obligations to the Portfolio and other accounts involved. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtainable for the Portfolio or the amount of the securities that are
able to be sold for the Portfolio. To the extent that the execution and price available from more than one broker or dealer are believed to be comparable, the Advisory Agreement permits the Investment Adviser, at its discretion but subject to
applicable law, to select the executing broker or dealer on the basis of the Investment Advisers opinion of the reliability and quality of the broker or dealer.
The Advisory Agreement provides that the Investment Adviser may render similar services to others so long as its services under the Advisory Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Advisory Agreement also
provides that the Trust will indemnify the Investment Adviser against certain liabilities (including liabilities under the federal securities laws relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact and actions that are in accordance with
the terms of the Advisory Agreement) or, in lieu thereof, contribute to resulting losses.
As compensation for its
advisory services and its assumption of related expenses, the Investment Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee from the Portfolio, computed daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.25% (expressed as a percentage of the Portfolios
average daily net assets). For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Investment Adviser received advisory fees in the amount of 0% (expressed as a percentage of the Portfolios average daily net assets).
The difference, if any, between the contractual advisory fees and the advisory fees paid by the Portfolio during the fiscal year ended
November 30, 2013, reflects the fact that the Investment Adviser did not charge the full amount of the advisory fees to which it was entitled. The Investment Adviser contractually agreed to waive the advisory fees charged to the Portfolio, as
reflected in the table that appears under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in the Summary Prospectus. The contractual advisory fee waiver arrangement is expected to continue until at least April 1, 2015. The contractual advisory
fee waiver arrangement will continue automatically for periods of one year (each such one year period, a Renewal Year). The arrangement may be terminated, as to any succeeding Renewal Year, by the Investment Adviser or the Portfolio upon
60 days written notice prior to the end of the current Renewal Year. The Board of Trustees may terminate the arrangement at any time with respect to the Portfolio if it determines that it is in the best interest of the Portfolio and its
shareholders.
37
For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of advisory fees incurred by the Portfolio
(after fee waivers) was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
For the fiscal years ended November 30, the Investment Adviser waived advisory fees as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
4,215,087
|
|
|
$
|
3,443,266
|
|
|
$
|
3,658,783
|
|
Transfer Agency Agreement
Under its Transfer Agency Agreement with the Trust, TNTC as Transfer Agent has undertaken to perform some or all of the following
services: (i) answer inquiries regarding the current yield of, and certain other matters (e.g., account status information) pertaining to, the Trust, (ii) process purchase and redemption transactions and the disbursement of the proceeds of
redemptions, (iii) provide periodic statements showing account balances, (iv) mail reports and proxy materials to shareholders, (v) provide information in connection with the preparation by the Trust of various regulatory reports and
prepare reports to the Trustees and management, (vi) answer inquiries (including requests for prospectuses and statements of additional information, and assistance in the completion of new account applications) from investors and respond to all
requests for information regarding the Trust (such as current price, recent performance, and yield data) and questions relating to accounts of investors (such as possible errors in statements, and transactions), (vii) respond to and seek to
resolve all complaints of investors with respect to the Trust or their accounts, (viii) furnish proxy statements and proxies, annual and semiannual financial statements, and dividend, distribution and tax notices to investors, (ix) furnish
the Trust with all pertinent blue sky information, (x) perform all required tax withholding, (xi) preserve records, and (xii) furnish necessary office space, facilities and personnel. The Transfer Agent may appoint one or more
sub-transfer agents in the performance of its services.
As compensation for the services rendered by the Transfer Agent under
the Transfer Agency Agreement with respect to the shares described in this SAI and the assumption by the Transfer Agent of related expenses, TNTC is entitled to a fee from the Trust, calculated daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate equal to
$18 for each subaccount relating to such shares of the Portfolio. This fee is subject to annual upward adjustments based on increases in the CPI-U, provided that the Transfer Agent may permanently or temporarily waive all or any portion of any
upward adjustment. The Transfer Agents affiliates and correspondent banks may receive compensation for performing the services described in the preceding paragraph that the Transfer Agent would otherwise receive. Conflict of interest
restrictions under state and federal law (including the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)) may apply to the receipt by such affiliates or correspondent banks of such compensation in connection with the investment of
fiduciary funds in shares of the Portfolio.
For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of transfer agency fees
paid by the Portfolio was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
38
Custodian Agreement
Under its Custodian Agreement with the Trust, TNTC (the Custodian) (i) holds the Portfolios cash and securities,
(ii) maintains such cash and securities in separate accounts in the name of the Portfolio, (iii) makes receipts and disbursements of funds on behalf of the Portfolio, (iv) receives, delivers and releases securities on behalf of the
Portfolio, (v) collects and receives all income, principal and other payments in respect of the Portfolios investments held by the Custodian, and (vi) maintains the accounting records of the Trust. The Custodian may employ one or
more subcustodians, provided that the Custodian, subject to certain monitoring responsibilities, shall have no more responsibility or liability to the Trust on account of any action or omission of any subcustodian so employed than such subcustodian
has to the Custodian and that the responsibility or liability of the subcustodian to the Custodian shall conform to the resolution of the Trustees of the Trust authorizing the appointment of the particular subcustodian (or in the case of foreign
securities, to the terms of any agreement entered into between the Custodian and such subcustodian to which such resolution relates. The Custodian also may appoint agents to carry out such of the provisions of the Custodian Agreement as the
Custodian may from time to time direct, provided that the appointment of an agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any responsibilities under the Agreement. The Custodian has entered into agreements with financial institutions and depositories
located in foreign countries with respect to the custody of foreign securities.
As compensation for the services rendered
with respect to the Trust by the Custodian to the Portfolio, and the assumption by the Custodian of certain related expenses, the Custodian is entitled to payment from the Trust as follows: (i) $18,000 annually for the Portfolio, plus
(ii) 1/100th of 1% annually of the Portfolios average daily net assets to the extent they exceed $100 million, plus (iii) a fixed dollar fee for each trade in portfolio securities, plus (iv) a fixed dollar fee for each time that
the Custodian receives or transmits funds via wire, plus (v) reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Custodian for telephone, postage, courier fees, office supplies and duplicating. The fees referred to in clauses (iii) and (iv) are
subject to annual upward adjustments based on increases in the CPI-U, provided that the Custodian may permanently or temporarily waive all or any portion of any upward adjustment.
The Custodians fees under the Custodian Agreement are subject to reduction based on the Portfolios daily uninvested U.S. cash
balances (if any).
For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of custodian and fund accounting fees paid by the
Portfolio was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
TNTC has contractually agreed through at least April 1, 2015 to waive its custody and
transfer agency fees charged to the Portfolio so that the Portfolios Expenses (as defined below under Administrator and Placement Agent) do not exceed 0.10% of its average daily net assets.
Unless sooner terminated, the Advisory Agreement, Transfer Agency Agreement and Custodian Agreement will continue in effect with respect
to the Portfolio until June 30, 2014. Thereafter, each of the foregoing Agreements will continue in effect for successive 12-month periods, provided that the continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the
Trustees who are not parties to the applicable Agreement or interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by
the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio (as defined under Description of Shares). Each Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty either by the Trust (by specified Trustee or
shareholder action) or by the Investment Adviser, Custodian or Transfer Agent, as the case may be, on 60 days written notice.
Northern Trust Corporation and its affiliates may act as an underwriter of various securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Portfolio is precluded, subject to certain exceptions, from purchasing in the primary
market those
39
securities with respect to which Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate is serving as a principal underwriter. In the opinion of Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate, this limitation
will not significantly affect the ability of the Portfolio to pursue its investment objective.
In the Advisory Agreement, the
Investment Adviser agrees that the name Northern may be used in connection with the Trusts business on a royalty-free basis. TNTC has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name
Northern to any other person. The Advisory Agreement provides that at such time as the Advisory Agreement is no longer in effect, the Trust will cease using the name Northern.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
For the fiscal years ended November 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, all portfolio transactions for the Portfolio were executed on a principal basis and, therefore, no brokerage commissions were paid by the
Portfolio. Purchases by the Portfolio from underwriters of portfolio securities, however, normally include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers include the spread between the dealers cost
for a given security and the resale price of the security. No commissions were paid by the Portfolio described in this SAI to any direct or indirect affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Portfolio.
The Trust is required to identify any securities of its regular brokers or dealers or their parents which the Trust acquired
during its most recent fiscal year.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013, the Portfolio acquired and sold
securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Regular Broker/
Dealer of which the
Portfolio Acquired and Sold
Securities
|
|
Parent Company Name
(if applicable)
|
|
|
As of November 30, 2013
the Portfolio Owned the
Following
Approximate
Aggregate Market Value of
Securities
|
|
Bank of America
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
23,461,000
|
|
Barclays Capital Inc.
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
BNP Paribas Securities
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
23,000,000
|
|
Citi Group
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
97,000,000
|
|
Credit Suisse
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
38,000,000
|
|
Deutsche Bank, AG
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
13,000,000
|
|
Merrill Lynch & Co.
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Scotia Capital Markets
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
27,000,000
|
|
SG Americas Securities
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
$
|
88,399,000
|
|
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The Investment Advisers portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Northern Institutional Fund portfolios, as
well as other accounts, including separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. A portfolio manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle that may have a materially higher or lower fee arrangement with the
Investment Adviser than the Portfolio. The side-by-side management of these accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. In
addition, while portfolio managers generally only manage accounts with similar investment strategies, it is possible, due to varying investment restrictions among accounts and for other reasons that certain investments could be made for some
accounts and not others or conflicting investment positions could be taken among accounts. The Investment Adviser has a responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. It seeks to provide best execution of all securities
transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely
40
manner. To this end, the Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management.
In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Trust have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Portfolio and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades
for consistency with these policies.
The Investment Adviser will give advice to and make investment decisions for the
Trust as it believes is in the best interest of the Trust. Advice given to the Trust or investment decisions made for the Trust may differ from, and may conflict with, advice given or investment decisions made for the Investment Adviser or its
affiliates, or other portfolios or accounts managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. For example, other portfolios or accounts managed by the Investment Adviser may sell short securities of an issuer in which the Trust has taken, or will
take, a long position in the same securities. The subsequent purchase may result in an increase of the price of the underlying position in the short sale exposure of the Trust and such increase in price would be to the Trusts detriment.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Trust may benefit the Investment Adviser or its affiliates or another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. For example, the sale of a long
position or establishment of a short position by the Trust may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, and the purchase of a
security or covering a short position in a security by the Trust may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. Actions taken with respect
to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates other portfolios or accounts managed by them may adversely impact the Portfolio, and actions taken by the Portfolio may benefit the Investment Adviser or its affiliates or its other portfolios or
accounts.
PROXY VOTING
Northern Institutional Funds has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has adopted the proxy voting policies and procedures applicable to Northern
Trust Corporation and its affiliates (the Northern Proxy Voting Policy) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, including the Portfolio. Under the Northern Proxy
Voting Policy, shares are to be voted in the best interests of the Portfolio.
A Proxy Committee comprised of senior
investment and compliance officers of the Investment Adviser has adopted certain guidelines (the Proxy Guidelines) concerning various corporate governance issues. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility for the content, interpretation
and application of the Proxy Guidelines and may apply these Proxy Guidelines with a measure of flexibility. The Investment Adviser has retained an independent third party (the Service Firm) to review proxy proposals and to make voting
recommendations to the Proxy Committee in a manner consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed below to any such recommendation.
The Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote for or against various proxy proposals, usually based upon
certain specified criteria. As an example, the Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote in favor of proposals to:
|
|
|
Repeal existing classified boards and elect directors on an annual basis;
|
|
|
|
Adopt a written majority voting or withhold policy (in situations in which a company has not previously adopted such a policy);
|
|
|
|
Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments;
|
|
|
|
Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other business combinations;
|
|
|
|
Increase common share authorizations for a stock split;
|
41
|
|
|
Implement a reverse stock split;
|
|
|
|
Approve an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) or other broad based employee stock purchase or ownership plan, or increase authorized shares for
existing plans; and
|
|
|
|
Adopt certain social and environmental issues regarding discrimination, disclosures of environmental impact and corporate sustainability, when
appropriate.
|
The Proxy Guidelines also provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote against
proposals to:
|
|
|
Classify the board of directors;
|
|
|
|
Require that poison pill plans be submitted for shareholder ratification;
|
|
|
|
Adopt dual class exchange offers or dual class recapitalizations;
|
|
|
|
Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations;
|
|
|
|
Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments; and
|
|
|
|
Adopt certain social and environmental proposals deemed unwarranted by the companys board of directors.
|
In certain circumstances, the Proxy Guidelines provide that proxy proposals will be addressed on a case-by-case basis, including those
regarding executive and director compensation plans, mergers and acquisitions, ratification of poison pill plans, a change in the companys state of incorporation and an increase in authorized common stock.
Except as otherwise provided in the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, the Proxy Committee may vote proxies contrary to the recommendations of
the Service Firm if it determines that such action is in the best interest of the Portfolio. In exercising its discretion, the Proxy Committee may take into account a wide array of factors relating to the matter under consideration, the nature of
the proposal and the company involved. As a result, the Proxy Committee may vote in one manner in the case of one company and in a different manner in the case of another where, for example, the past history of the company, the character and
integrity of its management, the role of outside directors, and the companys record of producing performance for investors justifies a high degree of confidence in the company and the effect of the proposal on the value of the investment.
Similarly, poor past performance, uncertainties about management and future directions, and other factors may lead the Proxy Committee to conclude that particular proposals present unacceptable investment risks and should not be supported. In
addition, the Proxy Committee also evaluates proposals in context. For example, a particular proposal may be acceptable standing alone, but objectionable when part of an existing or proposed package. Special circumstances may also justify casting
different votes for different clients with respect to the same proxy vote.
The Proxy Committee may occasionally be
subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies. Examples include proxy votes on securities issued by Northern Trust Corporation or its affiliates (collectively, Northern Trust) and proxy votes on matters in which Northern
Trust has a direct financial interest (such as shareholder approval of a change in advisory fees paid by the Portfolio). Conflicts of interest may also be present due to relationships that Northern Trust, its board members, executive officers and
others maintain with the issuers of securities, proponents of shareholder proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or candidates for directorships.
Northern Trust has sought to address proxy related conflicts of interest in various ways, including the establishment, composition and authority of the Proxy Committee, and by its delegation of primary
responsibility for proxy review and vote recommendation functions to the Service Firm. For these reasons the potential for conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies generally arises only where the Proxy Committee is considering the
42
possibility of voting in a manner contrary to a vote recommendation received from the Service Firm or where the Service Firm has not provided a vote recommendation. In these situations, the Proxy
Committee will need to determine if a conflict of interest exists and, in situations where a conflict is determined to exist, if the conflict is so severe that the Proxy Committee is unable to exercise independent judgment. Conflicts for which the
Proxy Committee determines it is unable to exercise independent judgment are referred to as Disabling Conflicts and other conflicts are referred to as Non-Disabling Conflicts.
Conflicts where the Proxy Committee has received a vote recommendation from the Service Firm.
Where the Proxy Committee determines
that it is subject to a Disabling Conflict, it will vote in accordance with the vote recommendation received from the Service Fund. Where the Proxy Committee determines that it is subject to a Non-Disabling Conflict, it either may vote in accordance
with the vote recommendation received from the Service Firm, or it may vote contrary to the vote recommendation received from the Service Firm if the Proxy Committee determines that the interest of the clients/beneficiaries would be better served by
voting contrary to such vote recommendation.
Conflicts where the Proxy Committee has not received a vote recommendation
from the Service Firm.
Where the Proxy Committee determines that it is subject to a Disabling Conflict, it may resolve the conflict in any of the following ways, which may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation and the
requirements of applicable law:
|
|
|
Following the vote recommendation of an independent fiduciary appointed for that purpose
|
|
|
|
Voting pursuant to client direction
|
|
|
|
Voting pursuant to a mirror voting arrangement (under which shares are voted in the same manner and proportion as some or all of the other
shares not voted by the Proxy Committee).
|
Where the Proxy Committee determines that is subject to a
Non-Disabling Conflict, it may resolve the conflict in a manner consistent with the preceding paragraph or it may vote in its discretion, provided that any discretionary vote that favors a party that is the source of the conflict may only be made if
the Proxy Committee determines that the interests of clients/beneficiaries are best served by such vote.
The Proxy Committee
may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations. This may occur, for example, in situations where the exercise of voting rights could restrict the ability to freely trade the security in question (as is the case, for example, in certain foreign
jurisdictions known as blocking markets). In circumstances in which the Service Firm does not provide recommendations for a particular proxy, the Proxy Committee may obtain recommendations from analysts at the Investment Adviser who
review the issuer in question or the industry in general. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed above to any such recommendation.
This summary of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines, as adopted by the Investment Adviser, is also posted in the resources section of the Northern Institutional Funds web site,
northernfunds.com/institutional/liquidassets. You may also obtain, upon request and without charge, a paper copy of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines or an SAI by calling 800-595-9111.
Information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies, if any, relating to portfolio securities for the most recent 12 month period ended
June 30 will be available, without charge, upon request, by contacting the Investment Adviser at 800-595-9111 or Northern Trust or by visiting the SECs web site, sec.gov.
ADMINISTRATOR AND PLACEMENT AGENT
NTI (the
Administrator) acts as administrator for the Portfolio under an Administration Agreement with the Trust. Subject to the general supervision of the Trusts Board of Trustees, the Administrator provides supervision of all aspects of
the Trusts non-investment advisory operations and performs various corporate secretarial, treasury and blue sky services, including but not limited to: (i) maintaining office facilities and
43
furnishing corporate officers for the Trust; (ii) furnishing data processing services, clerical services, and executive and administrative services and standard stationery and office
supplies; (iii) performing all functions ordinarily performed by the office of a corporate treasurer, and furnishing the services and facilities ordinarily incident thereto, such as expense accrual monitoring and payment of the Trusts
bills, preparing monthly reconciliation of the Trusts expense records, updating projections of annual expenses, preparing materials for review by the Board of Trustees and compliance testing; (iv) preparing and submitting reports to the
Trusts shareholders and the SEC; (v) preparing and arranging for printing of financial statements; (vi) preparing monthly Portfolio profile reports; (vii) preparing and filing the Trusts federal and state tax returns
(other than those required to be filed by the Trusts Custodian and Transfer Agent) and providing shareholder tax information to the Trusts Transfer Agent; (viii) assisting the Trusts Investment Adviser, at the Investment
Advisers request, in monitoring and developing compliance procedures for the Trust which will include, among other matters, procedures to assist the Investment Adviser in monitoring compliance with each Portfolios investment objective,
policies, restrictions, tax matters and applicable laws and regulations; (ix) assisting in marketing strategy and product development; (x) performing oversight/management responsibilities, such as the supervision and coordination of
certain of the Trusts service providers; (xi) performing blue sky compliance functions; (xii) assisting in maintaining corporate records and good standing status of the Trust in its state of organization; and (xiii) monitoring
the Trusts arrangements with respect to services provided by Servicing Agents to their Customers who are the beneficial owners of shares, pursuant to servicing agreements between the Trust and such Servicing Agents.
Subject to the limitations described below, as compensation for its administrative services and the assumption of related expenses, the
Administrator is entitled to a fee from the Portfolio, computed daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.10% of the Portfolios average daily net assets. NTI, as Administrator, has contractually agreed to reimburse the Portfolio for
its expenses (including administration fees payable to NTI, but excluding the investment advisory fee and transfer agency fee, servicing fees, extraordinary expenses such as taxes, interest and indemnification expenses, acquired fund fees and
expenses, a portion of the compensation paid to each Trustee who is not an officer, director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries, expenses related to third-party consultants engaged by the Board of Trustees and membership
dues paid to the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum) (Expenses) that exceed on an annualized basis 0.10% of the Portfolios average daily net assets.
For the fiscal years indicated below, the Administrator received fees under the Administration Agreement with the Trust on behalf of the
Portfolio in the amount of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
1,685,752
|
|
|
$
|
1,377,594
|
|
|
$
|
1,463,499
|
|
|
|
Additionally, for the fiscal years indicated below, NTI, as Administrator reimbursed the Portfolio
for its expenses, thereby reducing the administration fees in the following amounts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2013
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2012
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30,
2011
|
|
|
|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
|
|
$
|
72,541
|
|
|
$
|
92,421
|
|
|
$
|
74,434
|
|
|
|
Unless sooner terminated, the Administration Agreement will continue in effect until
June 30, 2014, and thereafter for successive one-year terms with respect to the Portfolio, provided that the Agreement is approved annually (i) by the Board of Trustees or (ii) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of
the Portfolio (as defined below under Description of Shares), provided that in either event the continuance also is approved by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement and who are not interested persons (as
defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such
44
approval. The Administration Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trust on at least 60 days written notice to the Administrator. The Administrator may terminate the
Administration Agreement at any time without penalty after at least 60 days written notice to the Trust. The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator may render similar services to others so long as its services under such
Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Administration Agreement also provides that the Trust will indemnify the Administrator against all claims except those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of the Administrator, or
the Administrators breach of confidentiality.
The Trust also has entered into a Placement Agency Agreement under which
NFD, with principal offices at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, as agent, distributes the shares of the Portfolio. The Investment Adviser pays the cost of printing and distributing prospectuses to persons who are not shareholders
of the Trust (excluding preparation and typesetting expenses) and of certain other distribution efforts. No compensation is payable by the Trust to NFD for its services. However, the Investment Adviser has entered into an agreement with NFD under
which it makes payments to NFD in consideration for its services under the Placement Agency Agreement. NFD is not compensated for services under the Placement Agency Agreement. The payments made by the Investment Adviser to NFD do not represent an
additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. NFD is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Distributors, LLC (Foreside Distributors), based in Portland, Maine, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group,
LLC. The Placement Agency Agreement provides that the Trust will indemnify NFD against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Trust by
NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFDs breach of confidentiality.
Under a License Agreement (the License Agreement) with Foreside Distributors, Northern Trust Corporation agrees that the name
Northern Funds may be used by Foreside Distributors and NFD in connection with providing services to the Trust on a royalty-free basis. Northern Trust Corporation has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use
the name Northern Funds to any other person. The License Agreement provides that at such time as the License Agreement is no longer in effect, Foreside Distributors and NFD will cease using the name Northern Funds.
COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, with offices at One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 and 191 North
Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606-1698, serves as counsel to the Trust, as well as its non-interested Trustees.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, has been
appointed to serve as an independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. In addition to audit services, Ernst & Young LLP reviews the Trusts federal and state tax returns.
IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS
Payment for shares of the Portfolio may, in the discretion of Northern Trust, be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Portfolio as described in the Prospectus. For
further information about this form of payment, contact the Transfer Agent. In connection with an in-kind securities payment, the Portfolio will require, among other things, that the securities be valued on the day of purchase in accordance with the
pricing methods used by the Portfolio and that the Portfolio receive satisfactory assurances that it will have good and marketable title to the securities received by it; that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Portfolio; and that
adequate information be provided concerning the basis and other tax matters relating to the securities.
45
Although the Portfolio generally will redeem shares in cash, the Portfolio reserves the
right to pay redemptions by a distribution in-kind of securities (instead of cash) from the Portfolio. The securities distributed in-kind would be readily marketable and would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating
the Portfolios NAV per share. If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in-kind, the shareholder should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities received in the redemption.
ACCOUNT FEES AND REQUIREMENTS
Shares of the Portfolio are sold and generally redeemed without any purchase or redemption charge imposed by the Trust. In addition, as described in the Prospectus, Northern Trust and other securities
lending agents may charge their customers for services provided in connection with their investments.
The exercise of
voting rights and the delivery to customers of shareholder communications from the Trust will be governed by the customers account agreements with Northern Trust or other securities lending agents. Customers should read the Prospectus in
connection with any relevant agreement describing the services provided by Northern Trust or other securities lending agent and any related requirements and charges, or contact Northern Trust or other securities lending agent for further
information.
EXPENSES
The Portfolio is responsible for the payment of its expenses. Such expenses include, without limitation, the fees and expenses payable to TNTC and NTI, brokerage fees and commissions, fees for the
registration or qualification of Portfolio shares under federal or state securities laws, expenses of the organization of the Portfolio, taxes, interest, costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds, indemnification or contribution, any costs,
expenses or losses arising out of any liability of or claim for damages or other relief asserted against the Trust for violation of any law, legal, tax and auditing fees and expenses, expenses of preparing and printing prospectuses, statements of
additional information, proxy materials, reports and notices and distributing of the same to the Portfolios shareholders and regulatory authorities, compensation and expenses of its Trustees, fees of industry organizations such as the
Investment Company Institute, and miscellaneous and extraordinary expenses incurred by the Trust.
46
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
You may call 800-637-1380 to obtain the current 7-day yield and other performance information or visit
northernfunds.com/institutional/liquidassets. Any fees imposed by Northern Trust on its customers in connection with investments in the Portfolio are not reflected in the Trusts calculations of performance for the Portfolio.
The performance of shares of the Portfolio may be compared to the performance of other money market funds with similar investment
objectives and other relevant indices or to rankings prepared by independent services or other financial or industry publications that monitor the performance of mutual funds. For example, the performance of shares may be compared to data prepared
by iMoneyNet, Inc. or other independent mutual fund reporting services. Performance data as reported in national financial publications such as Money Magazine, Morningstar, Forbes, Barrons, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, or in
publications of a local or regional nature, may also be used in comparing the performance of shares of the Portfolio.
From
time to time, the Portfolio may advertise its yield and effective yield. These yield figures will fluctuate, are based on historical earnings and are not intended to indicate future performance. Yield refers to
the net investment income generated by an investment in the Portfolio over a seven-day period identified in the advertisement. This net investment income is then annualized. That is, the amount of net investment income generated by the
investment during that week is assumed to be generated each week over a 52-week period and is shown as a percentage of the investment.
In arriving at quotations as to yield, the Trust first determines the net change, exclusive of capital changes, during the seven-day period in the value of a hypothetical pre-existing account
having a balance of one share at the beginning of the period, then divides such net change by the value of the account at the beginning of the period to obtain the base period return, and then multiplies the base period return by 365/7.
Effective yield is calculated similarly but, when annualized, the net investment income earned by an investment in the
Portfolio is assumed to be reinvested. The effective yield will be slightly higher than the yield because of the compounding effect of this assumed reinvestment. The effective yield with respect to the shares of
the Portfolio is computed by adding 1 to the base period return (calculated as above), raising the sum to a power equal to 365 divided by 7, and subtracting 1 from the result.
Quotations of yield and effective yield provided by the Trust are carried to at least the nearest hundredth of one percent. Any fees imposed by Northern Trust, its affiliates or correspondent banks or
other securities lending agents on their customers in connection with investments in shares of the Portfolio are not reflected in the calculation of yields for the Portfolio.
The Portfolios yields may not provide a basis for comparison with bank deposits and other investments, which provide a fixed yield for a stated period of time. The Portfolios yields fluctuate,
unlike bank deposits or other investments, which pay a fixed yield for a stated period of time. The annualization of one weeks income is not necessarily indicative of future actual yields. Actual yields will depend on such variables as
portfolio quality, average portfolio maturity, the type of portfolio instruments acquired, changes in money market interest rates, portfolio expenses and other factors. Yields are one basis investors may use to analyze shares of the Portfolio as
compared to comparable classes of shares of other money market funds and other investment vehicles. However, yields of other money market funds and other investment vehicles may not be comparable because of the foregoing variables, and differences
in the methods used in valuing their portfolio instruments, computing NAV and determining yield.
The Portfolio may also
quote, from time to time, the total return of its shares in accordance with SEC regulations.
47
NET ASSET VALUE
As stated in the Prospectus, the Portfolio seeks to maintain a NAV of $1.00 per share and, in this connection, values its instruments on
the basis of amortized cost pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. This method values a security at its cost on the date of purchase and thereafter assumes a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact
of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price the Portfolio
would receive if the Portfolio sold the instrument. During such periods, the yield to investors in the Portfolio may differ somewhat from that obtained in a similar entity, which uses available indications as to market, value to value its portfolio
instruments. For example, if the use of amortized cost resulted in a lower (higher) aggregate Portfolio value on a particular day, a prospective investor in the Portfolio would be able to obtain a somewhat higher (lower) yield and ownership interest
than would result from investment in such similar entity and existing investors would receive less (more) investment income and ownership interest. However, the Trust expects that the procedures and limitations referred to in the following
paragraphs of this section will tend to minimize the differences referred to above.
Under Rule 2a-7, the Trusts Board
of Trustees, in supervising the Trusts operations and delegating special responsibilities involving portfolio management to the Investment Adviser, has established procedures that are intended, taking into account current market conditions and
the Portfolios investment objective, to stabilize the NAV of the Portfolio, as computed for the purposes of purchases and redemptions, at $1.00 per share. The Trustees procedures include periodic monitoring of the difference (the
Market Value Difference) between the amortized cost value per share and the NAV per share based upon available indications of market value. Available indications of market value used by the Trust consist of actual market quotations or
appropriate substitutes, which reflect current market conditions and include (i) quotations or estimates of market value for individual portfolio instruments and/or (ii) values for individual portfolio instruments derived from market
quotations relating to varying maturities of a class of money market instruments. In the event the Market Value Difference of the Portfolio exceeds certain limits or NTI believes that the Market Value Difference may result in material dilution or
other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, the Trust will take action in accordance with the 1940 Act (e.g., selling portfolio instruments to shorten average portfolio maturity or to realize capital gains or losses, reducing or
suspending shareholder income accruals, redeeming shares in-kind, or utilizing a NAV per share based upon available indications of market value which under such circumstances would vary from $1.00) to eliminate or reduce to the extent reasonably
practicable any material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders which might arise from Market Value Differences. In particular, if losses were sustained by the Portfolio, the number of outstanding shares might be
reduced in order to maintain a NAV per share of $1.00. Such reduction would be effected by having each shareholder proportionately contribute to the Portfolios capital the necessary shares to restore such NAV per share. Each shareholder will
be deemed to have agreed to such contribution in these circumstances by investing in the Portfolio.
Rule 2a-7 requires that
the Portfolio limit its investments to instruments which the Investment Adviser determines (pursuant to guidelines established by the Board of Trustees) to present minimal credit risks and which are Eligible Securities as defined by the
SEC and described in the Prospectus. The Rule also requires that the Portfolio maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity (not more than 60 days) and a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity without regard to maturity shortening
provisions applicable to variable and floating rate securities (also known as dollar-weighted average portfolio life) of 120 days or less, appropriate to its policy of maintaining a stable NAV per share and precludes the purchase of any instrument
deemed under the Rule to have a remaining maturity of more than 397 calendar days (as calculated pursuant to Rule 2a-7). Should the disposition of a portfolio security result in a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of more than 60 days, the
Rule requires the Portfolio to invest its available cash in such a manner as to reduce such maturity to the prescribed limit as soon as reasonably practicable.
48
The Portfolio is required to comply with SEC requirements with respect to the liquidity of
the Portfolios investments. Specifically, the Portfolio is required to hold at least 10% of its total assets in daily liquid assets, and at least 30% of its total assets in weekly liquid assets. Daily liquid assets
include cash (including time deposits), U.S. Treasury securities and securities (including repurchase agreements) that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within one business day. Weekly liquid assets
include cash (including time deposits), U.S. Treasury securities, agency discount notes with remaining maturities of 60 days or less and securities (including time deposits) that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and
payable within five business days.
The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be
received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase, redemption and exchange
transactions that were processed at a NAV other than the Portfolios official closing NAV. On any business day when the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) recommends that the bond markets close early, the
Portfolio reserves the right to close at or prior to the SIFMA recommended closing time. If the Portfolio does so, it will cease granting same day credit for purchase and redemption orders received at the Portfolios closing time and credit
will be given on the next business day. For instance, if a pricing error is discovered that impacts the Portfolios NAV, the corrected NAV would be the official closing NAV and the erroneous NAV would be a NAV other than the Portfolios
official closing NAV. Those transactions that were processed using the erroneous NAV may then be reprocessed using the official closing NAV. The Trust reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received
for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, the Portfolio may compute its NAV as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.
The Investment Adviser is not required to calculate the NAV of the Portfolio on days during which no shares are tendered to the Portfolio
for redemption and no orders to purchase or sell shares are received by the Portfolio, or on days on which there is an insufficient degree of trading in the Portfolios portfolio securities for changes in the value of such securities to affect
materially the NAV per share.
49
TAXES
The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Portfolio and its shareholders that are not
described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Portfolio or its shareholders, and the discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations.
The discussions of
the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Code and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative
changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive.
FEDERALGENERAL INFORMATION
The Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M
of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. As a regulated investment company, the Portfolio generally is exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains, which it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for
treatment as a regulated investment company, it must meet three important tests each year.
First, the Portfolio must derive
with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income
derived with respect to the Portfolios business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of the Portfolios taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the Portfolios
assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers as to which (a) the Portfolio has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total
assets in securities of the issuer; and (b) the Portfolio does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of the Portfolios total assets may be invested in the securities
of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or
(3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Third, the Portfolio must distribute an amount equal to at least
the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss), before taking into account any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its tax-exempt
income, if any, for the year.
The Portfolio intends to comply with these requirements. If the Portfolio were to fail to make
sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Portfolio could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year
the Portfolio were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, taxable shareholders would
recognize dividend income on distributions to the extent of the Portfolios current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
The Code imposes a non-deductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to
specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses) by the end of each calendar year. The Portfolio intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its
ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.
50
For federal income tax purposes, the Portfolio is permitted to carry forward a net capital
loss realized in a taxable year of the Portfolio beginning before December 23, 2010 to offset its own capital gains, if any, during the eight years following the year of the loss. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset
future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
As of November 30, 2013,
the Portfolio had capital loss carry forwards approximating the amount (in thousands) indicated for federal tax purposes:
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio:
|
|
Expiring
November 30,
2017
|
|
Liquid Assets
|
|
$
|
678
|
|
The Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 changed the carryforward periods for
capital loss carryforwards of funds. For capital losses realized in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (the Enactment Date), the eight-year limitation has been eliminated, so that any capital losses realized by the
Portfolio in the taxable year after December 22, 2010 and in subsequent taxable years will be permitted to be carried forward indefinitely and will retain their character as short or long term capital losses. Capital loss carryovers from
taxable years beginning prior the Enactment Date are still subject to the eight-year limitation. The Code provides for coordination of capital loss carryovers arising in taxable years before and after the Enactment Date by requiring that capital
loss carryovers from taxable years beginning after the Enactment Date be applied before capital loss carryovers from taxable years beginning prior to the Enactment Date. This could cause all or a portion of the pre-Enactment Date losses to expire
before they can be used.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
Although the Portfolio expects to qualify as a regulated investment company and to be relieved of all or substantially all
federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business,
the Portfolio may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.
The foregoing discussion is based on federal tax
laws and regulations which are in effect on the date of this SAI. Such laws and regulations may be changed by legislative or administrative action. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Portfolio or its
shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situation, including the
application of state and local taxes.
51
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Trust Agreement permits the Trusts Board of Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial
interest of one or more separate series representing interests in one or more investment portfolios. The Trustees or Trust may hereafter create series in addition to the Trusts eight existing series, which represent interests in the
Trusts eight respective portfolios, one of which is discussed in this SAI. The Trust Agreement also permits the Board of Trustees to classify or reclassify any unissued shares into classes within a series.
Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, each share of the Portfolio is without par value, which represents a proportionate interest in
the Portfolio with each other share of its class in the same Portfolio and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income belonging to the Portfolio as are declared by the Trustees. Upon any liquidation of the Portfolio,
shareholders of the Portfolio are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to that class available for distribution. Shares do not have any preemptive or conversion rights. The right of redemption is described under Account
Policies and Other Information in the Prospectus. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 1940 Act, the right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by the Portfolio may be suspended for more than seven days (i) for
any period during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or trading in the markets the Portfolio normally utilizes is closed or is restricted as determined by the SEC, (ii) during any
emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Portfolio to dispose of instruments owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (iii) for such other period as the SEC may
by order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Portfolio. The Trust also may suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. In addition, shares of the
Portfolio are redeemable at the unilateral option of the Trust. Shares when issued as described in the Prospectus are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, except as stated below. In the interests of economy and convenience, certificates
representing shares of the Portfolio are not issued.
The proceeds received by the Portfolio for each issue or sale of its
shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to and constitute the underlying assets of the Portfolio. The underlying assets of the
Portfolio will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to the Portfolio and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses with respect to the Portfolio of the Trust normally are
allocated in proportion to the NAV of the respective investment portfolio except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made.
The Portfolio and other portfolios of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter will vote in the aggregate and not by portfolio, except as required by law or when the matter to be voted on affects only the
interests of shareholders of a particular portfolio.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required by the
provisions of the 1940 Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved
by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the investment portfolio affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that an investment portfolio shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each investment
portfolio in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of the investment portfolio. Under the Rule, the approval of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be
effectively acted upon with respect to an investment portfolio only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such investment portfolio. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent
accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees are exempt from the separate voting requirements stated above.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled,
as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of shareholders, either to one vote for each share or to one vote for each
52
dollar of NAV represented by such shares on all matters presented to shareholders, including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as dollar-based voting).
However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees
and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Trust may elect all of the Trustees, irrespective of the vote of the other shareholders. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may
be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. To the extent required by law, the Trust will assist in shareholder communications in connection with a
meeting called by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Trust Agreement and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.
Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to the Portfolio, the Trust Agreement authorizes the Trustees, without
shareholder approval (except as stated in the next paragraph), to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the
property belonging to the Trust, or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a master-feeder structure by investing substantially all of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities
of another open-end investment company or pooled portfolio.
Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to the
Portfolio, the Trust Agreement also authorizes the Trustees, in connection with the merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization of the Trust or any series or class, to classify the shareholders of any class into one or more separate
groups and to provide for the different treatment of shares held by the different groups, provided that such merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization is approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the
1940 Act) of each group of shareholders that are so classified.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust may not, without the
affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio, amend or otherwise supplement the Trust Agreement or amend and restate a trust investment to reduce the rights, duties, powers, authorities and
responsibilities of the Portfolios Trustees, only to the extent such action does not violate the 1940 Act. Subject to the foregoing, the Trust Agreement permits the Trustees to amend the Trust Agreement without a shareholder vote. However,
shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the voting
provisions of the Trust Agreement; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.
The Trust
Agreement permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust: (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without
shareholder approval if the Trustees determine that such action is in the best interest of the Trust or its shareholders. The factors and events that the Trustees may take into account in making such determination include: (i) the inability of
the Trust or any series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust or any series or class thereof, or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic
developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on their business or operations.
Under the Delaware Statutory
Trust Act (the Delaware Act), shareholders are not personally liable for obligations of the Trust. The Delaware Act entitles shareholders of the Trust to the same limitation of liability as is available to shareholders of private
for-profit corporations. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in many other states. As a result, to the extent that the Trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts
in such other states, those courts may not apply Delaware law and may subject the shareholders to liability. To offset this risk, the Trust Agreement: (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the
Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation and instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or its Trustees and
53
(ii) provides for indemnification out of the property of the applicable series of the Trust of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust solely by reason of
being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholders acts or omissions or for some other reason. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss beyond his or her investment because of shareholder liability is
limited to circumstances in which all of the following factors are present: (i) a court refuses to apply Delaware law; (ii) the liability arises under tort law or, if not, no contractual limitation of liability is in effect; and
(iii) the applicable series of the Trust is unable to meet its obligations.
The Trust Agreement provides that the
Trustees will not be liable to any person other than the Trust or a shareholder and that a Trustee will not be liable for any act as a Trustee. However, nothing in the Trust Agreement protects a Trustee against any liability to which he or she would
otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers and agents of
the Trust unless the recipient is liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office.
The Trust Agreement provides that each shareholder, by virtue of becoming such, will be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the
terms of the Trust Agreement and to have become a party thereto.
In addition to the requirements of Delaware law, the Trust
Agreement provides that a shareholder of the Trust may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10%
of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which such action relates, must join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (ii) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable
amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trust Agreement also provides that no person, other than the Trustees, who is not a shareholder of a particular series or class shall be entitled to
bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of or with respect to such series or class. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by
the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.
The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trusts shares (the Series Trustees). To the extent provided by the Trustees in the
appointment of Series Trustees, Series Trustees: (i) may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust; (ii) may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustee of the Trust, all the powers
and authorities of Trustees under the Trust Agreement with respect to such series or class; and/or (iii) may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class. The Trustees are not currently considering the appointment of
Series Trustees for the Trust.
The term majority of the outstanding shares of either the Trust or the Portfolio
means, with respect to the approval of an investment advisory agreement, a distribution plan or a change in a fundamental investment policy, the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust or such Portfolio present at a
meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Portfolio.
As of February 24, 2014 substantially all of the Portfolios outstanding shares were held of record by Northern Trust for the
benefit of its customers and the customers of its affiliates and correspondent banks that have invested in the Portfolio.
54
Northern Trust has advised the Trust that the following persons (whose mailing address
is: c/o The Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle, Chicago, Illinois 60603) beneficially owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio as of February 24, 2014:
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Number of Shares
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|
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% of Portfolio
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|
Liquid Assets Portfolio
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MICHELIN N. AMER. USD CASH
ONE PARKWAY SOUTH
GREENVILLE, SC 29615
|
|
|
161,767,458.800
|
|
|
|
8.41
|
%
|
|
|
|
MEDAMERICA INS. CO.
AMY FERREBY
165 COURT ST.
ROCHESTER, NY 14647
|
|
|
184,235,523.200
|
|
|
|
9.58
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE MED DURATION BOND
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
119,477,680.700
|
|
|
|
6.21
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE LOW DURATION
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
127,941,054.000
|
|
|
|
6.65
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE INTL EQUITY SELECT
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
109,045,055.200
|
|
|
|
5.67
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE SMALL CAP SELECT
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
159,827,730.200
|
|
|
|
8.31
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE GROWTH EQUITY SEL
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
156,200,218.700
|
|
|
|
8.12
|
%
|
|
|
|
GUIDESTONE VALUE EQUITY FUND
ATTN: MS. MELISSA RILEY
2401 CEDAR SPRINGS ROAD
DALLAS, TX 75201
|
|
|
124,649,159.500
|
|
|
|
6.48
|
%
|
To the extent that any shareholder is the beneficial owner of more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the
Portfolio, such shareholder may be deemed a control person of the Portfolio for purposes of the 1940 Act.
As
of February 24, 2014, the Trusts Trustees and officers as a group owned beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.
55
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements of the Portfolio and related report of Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Portfolios shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2013 (the Annual Report), are hereby incorporated by reference herein. No other parts of the Annual Report,
including without limitation, Managements Discussion of Portfolio Performance, are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the Trusts Semiannual Report and Annual Report may be obtained upon request and without charge,
from the Transfer Agent by writing to the Northern Institutional Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-637-1380 (toll-free).
56
OTHER INFORMATION
Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not
necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in
all respects by such reference. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the SECs web site at sec.gov.
57
APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A
Standard &
Poors
short-term issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes
the rating categories used by Standard & Poors for short-term issues:
A-1A short-term
obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category and indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign
(+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic
conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BA short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial
commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
CA short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet
its financial commitment on the obligation.
DA short-term obligation rated D is in default or
in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be
made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a
similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency RisksStandard & Poors issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign
currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuers foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations
denominated in a foreign currency.
Moodys Investors Service (Moodys)
short-term
ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments. Ratings may be assigned to
issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments.
Moodys employs the following designations to
indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated
Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
A-1
P-2Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong
ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an
acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NPIssuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime
do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd.
(Fitch)
short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with
the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short-term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign
and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
F1Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity
for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely
payment of financial commitments.
F3Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation
indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
BSecurities
possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
CSecurities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RDRestricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it
continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
DDefault. Indicates a
broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
The
DBRS
®
Ratings Limited (DBRS)
short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in
a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories (high),
(middle), and (low).
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and
short-term debt:
R-1 (high)Short-term debt rated R-1 (high) is of the highest credit
quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
R-1 (middle)Short-term debt rated R-1 (middle) is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high.
Differs from R-1 (high) by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
A-2
R-1 (low)Short-term debt rated R-1 (low) is of good credit
quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are
considered manageable.
R-2 (high)Short-term debt rated R-2 (high) is considered to be at the
upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
R-2 (middle)Short-term debt rated R-2 (middle) is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall
due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
R-2 (low)Short-term debt rated R-2 (low) is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality.
The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuers ability to meet such obligations.
R-3Short-term debt rated R-3 is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a
capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
R-4Short-term debt rated R-4 is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the
payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
R-5Short-term debt rated
R-5 is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
DShort-term debt rated D is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency
or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur, DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are
impacted, such as the case of a distressed exchange.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by
Standard & Poors
for long-term issues:
AAAAn obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The
obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AAAn
obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
AAn obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and
economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBBAn obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened
capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC,
CC and CObligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of
speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
A-3
BBAn obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment
than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the
obligation.
BAn obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated
BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial
commitment on the obligation.
CCCAn obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment,
and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have
the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCAn obligation rated CC is
currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poors expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
CAn obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is
expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
DAn obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital
instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated
grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual
certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or minus (-)The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating
categories.
NRThis indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on
which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency RisksStandard & Poors issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuers
foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moodys
long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an
original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys
for long-term debt:
AaaObligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to
the lowest level of credit risk.
AaObligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and
are subject to very low credit risk.
AObligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade
and are subject to low credit risk.
BaaObligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and
subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
A-4
BaObligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and
are subject to substantial credit risk.
BObligations rated B are considered speculative and are
subject to high credit risk.
CaaObligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor
standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
CaObligations rated Ca are highly
speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
CObligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery
of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating
classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in
the lower end of that generic rating category.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by
Fitch
:
AAASecurities considered to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest
expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AASecurities considered to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low
credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
ASecurities considered to be of high credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong.
This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBBSecurities considered to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial
commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BBSecurities considered to be speculative. BB ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to
credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
BSecurities considered to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCCA CCC rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.
CCA CC rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.
CA C rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned D ratings, but are instead rated in the B to C
rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
A-5
Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within
major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below CCC.
The
DBRS
long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to
satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating
categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories (high) and (low). The absence of either a (high) or (low) designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following
summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
AAA Long-term debt rated AAA is of
the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
AALong-term debt rated AA is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from AAA
only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
ALong-term debt rated
A is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered
manageable.
BBBLong-term debt rated BBB is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the
payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
BBLong-term
debt rated BB is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
BLong-term debt rated B is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to
the capacity to meet financial obligations.
CCC, CC and CLong-term debt rated in
any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C ratings are normally applied
to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be
rated in the C category.
DA security rated D is assigned when the issuer has
filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS may also use SD (Selective
Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a distressed exchange.
Municipal Note
Ratings
A
Standard & Poors
U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard &
Poors opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a
long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poors analysis will review the following considerations:
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Amortization schedulethe larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
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A-6
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Source of paymentthe more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
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Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1A municipal note rated SP-1 exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue
determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2A municipal note rated SP-2 exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some
vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3A municipal note
rated SP-3 exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moodys
uses the
Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing
received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuers long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levelsMIG-1
through MIG-3 while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys for short-term municipal obligations:
MIG-1This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows,
highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG-2This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the
preceding group.
MIG-3This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow
protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SGThis
designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
NRIs assigned to an unrated obligation.
In the case of
variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with scheduled
principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (demand feature). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the
MIG rating scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if
the issuers long-term rating drops below investment grade.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each
issues specific structural or credit features.
VMIG-1This designation denotes superior credit
quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG-2This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit
strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
A-7
VMIG-3This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate
protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SGThis designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by
a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
NRIs assigned to an unrated obligation.
About Credit Ratings
A
Standard & Poors
issue credit
rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs
and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion
reflects Standard & Poors view of the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment
in the event of default.
Moodys
credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of
fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitchs
credit ratings provide an opinion on the
relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of
receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitchs credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and
other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
DBRS
credit ratings are opinions based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of information sourced and received by DBRS, which information is not audited or verified by DBRS. Ratings
are not buy, hold or sell recommendations and they do not address the market price of a security. Ratings may be upgraded, downgraded, placed under review, confirmed and discontinued.
A-8