NOTES
TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE
A – HISTORY, BUSINESS PURPOSE, LIQUIDITY AND GOING CONCERN
RetinalGenix
Technologies Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was formed in November 2017 by Sanovas Ophthalmology, LLC (“Sanovas
Ophthalmology”), a majority owned subsidiary of Sanovas Inc. (“Sanovas”), a privately held research and development
incubator. During the year ended December 31, 2022, a substantial portion of the operations of the Company were conducted by Sanovas,
who invoices the Company for costs and expenses paid for on behalf of the Company and costs and expenses allocated to the Company for
services performed on behalf of the Company.
The
Company was formed to develop technologies to diagnose and treat ophthalmic disorders. The Company sublicensed certain technology initially
developed by Sanovas from Sanovas Ophthalmology – See Note C. Since 2018, the Company has been developing its screening device
and home monitoring and physician alert system.
In
October 2021, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and
Exchange Commission pursuant to which it registered for resale shares of common stock, including shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of outstanding options and warrants. The Company did not raise any cash from the resale of the securities offered by the Registration
Statement, and accordingly, the previously deferred offering costs were applied against the proceeds of the shares of common stock sold
in 2021 pursuant to the Company’s previous private offering of securities.
On
October 8, 2019, the Company entered into an option exchange agreement (the “Option Exchange Agreement”) with Diopsys, Inc.
(“Diopsys”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue Diopsys an option to purchase up to 10% of its issued and outstanding
shares of common stock and Diopsys granted the Company an option to purchase up to 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of common
stock of Diopsys on the Closing Date (the “Option Exchange”). “Closing Date” means a date that is within 30 days
of the date that all of the contingencies set forth in the Option Exchange Agreement are satisfied including, but not limited to, approval
of a product by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, pursuant to the Option Exchange Agreement, upon the closing of the
Option Exchange, the Company agreed to enter into an exclusive distribution agreement with Diopsys pursuant to which Diopsys shall act
as the Company’s exclusive distributor of such product. On February 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Termination of Option
Exchange Agreement (the “Termination Agreement”) with Diopsys pursuant to which the prior Option Exchange Agreement was terminated effective immediately and
of no further force and effect, and neither party has any past, current or future obligations or liabilities to the other (or any other
person or entity) with respect to any rights, obligations or any of the transactions contemplated in the Option Exchange Agreement. At
the time of such termination, none of the conditions in the Option Exchange Agreement were satisfied and no options thereunder had been
issued to either the Company or Diopsys. In addition, the Exclusive Distribution Agreement to be entered into between the Company and
Diopsys and referred to in the Option Exchange Agreement has not been negotiated and as of the second quarter of 2022, there are no plans
to move forward with Diopsys.
On
December 27, 2021, the Company entered into an exchange agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Sanovas Ophthalmology pursuant
to which the Company exchanged 28,014,540 shares of common stock held by Sanovas Ophthalmology for a pre-funded warrant (the “Pre-funded
Warrant”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 28,014,540 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Pre-funded Warrant is immediately
exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and terminates when exercised in full.
On
July 5, 2022, the Company entered into Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with Dr. Lawrence Perich pursuant to
which it acquired all the outstanding shares of DNA/GPS Inc., a pharmacogenetics company based in Tampa, Florida (“DNA/GPS”),
in exchange for the issuance of 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The acquisition of DNA/GPS combines DNA/GPS’
genetic mapping capabilities with the Company’s retinal imaging capabilities. The combined technology is expected to have the ability
to screen, monitor and provide data to profile trends and create diagnostic markers for systemic and retinal disorders in the cardiovascular,
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease. The markers and data analysis are rapid and cost effective, thereby eliminating expensive diagnostic
equipment such as MRI or CT scanning. The results are confidential to the patient and anonymous for any third party without permission
of the patient. The Company accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition in the quarter ending December 31, 2022. The estimated
fair value of the transaction was $2,000,000 plus legal fees associated with the transaction of $32,889 is recorded as acquired in-process
research and development costs in the associated consolidated statement of operations.
Liquidity
and Going Concern
The
Company has had net losses since inception and has an accumulated deficit of approximately $9,529,000 at March 31, 2023. In addition,
as of March 31, 2023 and December 31 2022, we had liabilities of approximately $1,509,000 and $1,069,000, respectively, the majority
of which is with related parties. The Company has minimal cash at December 31, 2022 and remains dependent on Sanovas for much of its
operations. The Company expects that operating losses and negative cash flows from operations will occur for at least the next several
years, and the Company will need to access additional funds to achieve its strategic goals with respect to the sublicensed technology.
The Company completed a private offering of shares of its common stock raising net proceeds of approximately $1,083,000 in the year ended
December 31, 2021, and $60,500 in the year ended December 31, 2022 - See Note D. In February 2021, the Company entered into an agreement
with an investment banker to raise funds for the Company which led to the private offering of shares mentioned above.
Sanovas
has paid a significant portion of the Company’s operating expenses through December 2022, and was owed approximately $623,000 as
of March 31, 2023 by the Company. The Company also issued shares of its common stock to offset amounts due to Sanovas for payment of
expenses on behalf of the Company of $353,432 in May 2022 and $586,370 in November 2022 (see Note C).
As
of the date of this report, the Company does not have adequate resources to fund its operations through May 2024 without considering
any potential future milestone payments that it may receive under any new collaborations that it may enter into in the future or any
future capital raising transactions. The Company will need to raise additional funding to complete the development of its products and
commence the market launch, assuming regulatory approval is obtained. The Company does not know whether additional financing will be
available when needed, whether it will be available on favorable terms, or if it will be available at all. These factors raise substantial
doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
NOTE
B - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A
summary of significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements is as follows:
1.
Basis of Presentation
The
Company’s financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“US GAAP”). As of December 31, 2022, there have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting
policies from those that were disclosed in the Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”).
2.
Cash Equivalents
For
purpose of the statements of cash flows, the Company considers all short-term investments purchased with a maturity of three months or
less to be cash equivalents.
3.
Use of Estimates
In
preparing the Company’s financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
4.
Income Taxes
Income
taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future
tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and
their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted
tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment
date.
The
Company follows the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
Topic 740-10 Income Taxes. ASC Topic 740-10 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold
a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. It also provides guidance on the recognition,
measurement, and classification of amounts relating to uncertain tax positions, accounting for and disclosure of interest and penalties,
accounting in interim periods and disclosures. The application of that guidance did not result in the recognition of any unrecognized
tax benefits at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Company’s policy is to expense any penalties and interest associated with
this topic. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no amounts accrued for penalties and interest.
5.
Income (Loss) Per Common Share
The
Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share (“EPS”). Under the provisions
of ASC 260, basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number
of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) for
the period by the weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. However, common shares
that are considered anti-dilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted EPS. Since the Company had a loss during the three months
ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.
Potentially
dilutive securities not included in the computation of loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023, include stock options
to purchase 2,360,000 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 28,014,540 shares of common stock, and warrants to purchase
161,500 shares of common stock. Potentially dilutive securities not included in the computation of loss per share for the three months
ended March 31, 2022 stock options to purchase 1,882,500 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrant to purchase 28,014,540 shares of
common stock and warrants to purchase 199,000 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock potentially issuable to Diopsys upon
the resolution of specified contingencies and exercise of stock options are also excluded from the loss per share calculation for the
three months ended March 31, 2022.
6.
Stock-based compensation:
The
Company recognizes expense for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Stock-Based Compensation. For stock-based
awards, the Company calculates the fair value of the award on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The expense
is recognized over the service period for awards expected to vest. The estimate of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires
judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative
adjustment in the period the estimates are revised. Stock options granted to non-employee consultants are revalued at the end of each
reporting period until vested and the changes in their fair value are recorded as adjustments to expense over the related vesting period.
7.
Research and Development costs:
Research
and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred in obtaining technology licenses outside of business combinations are
charged to research and development expense as acquired in-process research and development if the technology licensed has not reached
technological feasibility and has no alternative future use.
8.
Property and Equipment:
Property
and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (3
years), once the asset is placed in service. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the economic useful life of
the related assets, are charged to operations as incurred, and expenditures which extend the economic life are capitalized. When assets
are retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and
any gain or loss on disposal is recognized in the statement of operations for the respective period.
The
Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of the asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result
from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.
9.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
The
following pronouncement may have an impact on the accounting policies of the Company:
In
February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires an
entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also require
new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing,
and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10 “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases”
(“ASU 2018-10”), ASU No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”) in July
2018, and ASU No. 2018-20 “Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors” (“ASU 2018-20”) in December
2018. ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-20 provide certain amendments that affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-02. ASU 2018-11
allows all entities adopting ASU 2016-02 to choose an additional (and optional) transition method of adoption, under which an entity
initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of
retained earnings in the period of adoption. Pursuant to ASU 2019-10 the effective date for ASC 842 was deferred an additional year.
The Company expects to recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet upon adoption of this
ASU when it obtains a lease. The Company is currently evaluating these ASUs and their impact on its financial statements, but does not
expect it will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
A
variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently under study by standard-setting organizations. Due to the
tentative and preliminary nature of those proposed standards, management has not determined whether the implementation of such proposed
standards would be material to the financial statements of the Company.
NOTE
C - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Sanovas
The
Company is related to Sanovas through common ownership and management. Sanovas Opthalmology is a majority owned subsidiary of Sanovas
and Jerry Katzman, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, is also a director of Sanovas Ophthalmology and in such capacity has
the right to vote and dispose of the securities held by such entity.
Commencing
in 2019, Sanovas began paying expenses on behalf of the Company, and began allocating a portion of expenses and infrastructure costs
to the Company and other entities where Sanovas was performing shared services. Included in such allocated costs is approximately $123,000
and $32,000 in costs related to an officer of the Company in the three months ending March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The
following summarizes the transactions between the Company and Sanovas for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
SCHEDULE
OF RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
Three
months Ended | |
| |
March 31, | | |
March 31, | |
| |
2023 | | |
2022 | |
| |
| | |
| |
Balance due to
(from) Sanovas – beginning of period | |
$ | 427,933 | | |
$ | 142,721 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Costs paid by Sanovas on the Company’s
behalf | |
| - | | |
| 21,659 | |
Costs of Sanovas allocated to the Company | |
| 140,410 | | |
| 75,672 | |
Proceeds from (repayment
of) costs charged by Sanovas to the Company, net | |
| 54,463 | | |
| 113,380 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Balance
due to Sanovas - end of period | |
$ | 622,806 | | |
$ | 353,432 | |
The
Company issued 353,432 and 586,370 shares of its common stock to offset amounts due to Sanovas for payment of expenses on behalf of the
Company of $353,432 in May 2022 and $586,370 in November 2022, respectively.
Sublicense
On
June 24, 2021, the Company entered into a sublicense agreement (“Sublicense Agreement”) with Sanovas Ophthalmology pursuant
to which Sanovas Ophthalmology granted the Company an exclusive worldwide (“Territory”) license to certain intellectual property
licensed to Sanovas Ophthalmology by Sanovas Intellectual Property LLC relating to certain technologies for eye and ocular visualization
and monitoring (“Licensed IP”) for uses related to the screening, examination, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of
any eye disease, medical condition or disorder, or any disease, medical condition or disorder affecting the eye. Pursuant to the Sublicense
Agreement, commencing on the date of the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product (as defined in the Sublicense Agreement), in each
country in the Territory and continuing on a country by country basis until the expiration or termination of the last Valid Claim (as
defined in the Sublicense Agreement) of a licensed patent in such country (the “Royalty End Date”), the Company is obligated
to pay Sanovas Ophthalmology a royalty equal to a mid-single digit percentage of any Net Sales (as defined in the Sublicense Agreement)
of any Licensed Product. The Sublicense Agreement continues until the Royalty End Date, unless earlier terminated pursuant to its terms.
The Sublicense Agreement may be terminated by either party if the other party materially breaches the Sublicense Agreement in a manner
that cannot be cured, or materially breaches the Sublicense Agreement in a manner that can be cured and such breach remains uncured for
more than 30 days after the receipt by the breaching party of notice specifying the breach. Furthermore, the Company may terminate the
Sublicense Agreement at any time upon 90 days written notice to Sanovas Ophthalmology. No royalties have been paid through December 31,
2022 under this Sublicense Agreement.
Due
to affiliates
From
time to time, an officer of the Company, a shareholder of the Company and affiliates of Sanovas advances funds or paid expenses on behalf
of the Company. There is no formal notes or repayment plan for such advances. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had
received an aggregate of $194,192 and $109,185 pursuant to such advances, respectively.
Shareholders’
notes payable – See Note G
NOTE
D - COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK
Pursuant
to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”),
filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on January 8, 2018, the Company is authorized to issue 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock
and 80,000,000 shares of common stock each with a par value of $0.0001 per share. The Company has designated 3,000,000 shares of preferred
stock as Series F preferred stock.
Pursuant
to the terms of an employment agreement dated January 1, 2012 (the “Effective Date”) by and between Sanovas and Lawrence
Gerrans, the then President and Chief Executive Officer of Sanovas (the “Original Employment Agreement”), in consideration
for Mr. Gerrans’ services, Mr. Gerrans was to receive, among other consideration, the following equity securities: (i) 441,177
shares of restricted common stock of each of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of Sanovas, as of the Effective Date (the “Affiliate
Subsidiaries”), representing 7.5% of the total equity capital of each such subsidiary issued and outstanding as of the date of
grant; and (ii) 5,000 shares of Series F preferred stock of Sanovas and each of the Affiliate Subsidiaries. The Company was incorporated
in Delaware on November 17, 2017, subsequent to the Effective Date, and as such these shares were never issued by the Company because
the Company was not an Affiliate Subsidiary of Sanovas. Thereafter, in May 2015, Mr. Gerrans’ Original Employment Agreement was
amended and restated with an effective date of January 1, 2012 (the “Amended and Restated Employment Agreement”), the same
as the Effective Date of the Original Employment Agreement. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, in consideration
for Mr. Gerrans’ services, Mr. Gerrans was to receive, among other consideration, the following equity securities: (i) 7.5% of
the total equity capital of each of Sanovas’ Affiliate Subsidiaries as of the Effective Date or thereafter formed (collectively,
the “New Subsidiaries”); and (ii) 5,000 shares of Series F preferred stock of Sanovas, each of the Affiliate Subsidiaries
and each of the New Subsidiaries, including the Company. Subsequently, pursuant to a board resolution dated December 1, 2017 approved
by Lawrence Gerrans, the Company’s then Chief Executive Officer, President and sole director, in 2018 the Company issued 27,000,000
shares of its common stock to Sanovas Ophthalmology LLC, and issued 3,000,000 shares of its Series F preferred stock to Halo Management
LLC (“Halo”), an entity owned by Mr. Gerrans, for certain enumerated consideration that was purported to have been provided.
Thereafter, and in part based upon the evidence and testimony presented, and verdict and conviction rendered, in the Criminal Action
(discussed below), including, but not limited to, the fact that Mr. Gerrans misled and coerced the board of Sanovas regarding the terms
and need for approval of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, the Company’s board of directors, acting in concert with
the board of directors of Sanovas, carried out an investigation with respect to actions taken by Mr. Gerrans and have determined that
Halo did not provide the Company with valid consideration for the Series F preferred stock, and the Company disputes whether any of the
shares of the Company issued to Halo were validly issued.
In
January 2020, a jury in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California found Mr. Gerrans guilty, in a criminal
proceeding (the “Criminal Action”), on 12 felony counts of wire fraud, money laundering, perjury, contempt of court, witness
tampering, and obstruction of justice in connection with his activities as an officer and director of Sanovas. Thereafter, in November
2020, Sanovas commenced an action in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Action”) against Halo
and Mr. Gerrans seeking an order declaring that any rights that Halo and/or Mr. Gerrans may have with respect to any equity securities
in Sanovas and each of its affiliated subsidiaries (including, but not limited to, the Company) are void or voidable and may be cancelled.
The Delaware Action is currently still pending.
On
November 21, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors resolved to rescind the 3,000,000 shares of Series F preferred stock
purported to be issued to Halo Management Group LLC for lack of contract consideration. The Company is aware that the
management/ownership of Halo Management Group LLC may dispute this decision however, the Company is prepared to defend its decision
in this case. In addition, the Company reserves the right to void the shares and adjust its filings accordingly if
necessary.
Common
Stock
During
2019, the Company commenced a private offering of its shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.00 per share. For the three months
ended March 31, 2022, the Company sold an aggregate of 60,500 shares of its common stock, and the offering was concluded.
The
common stockholders, voting as a separate class, are entitled to elect one member of the Board of Directors.
Preferred
Stock
As
of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, there were 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock designated as Series F preferred stock, none
of which were outstanding.
The
rights and privileges of the Series F preferred stock are summarized as follows:
Voting
Privileges and Protective Features:
Each
holder of outstanding shares of Series F preferred stock is entitled to cast the number of votes equal to the number of whole shares
of common stock into which the Series F preferred stock held by such holder are convertible as of the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to vote on such matter. The holders of record of a majority of outstanding Series F preferred stock shall be entitled to elect
two of the members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The right to elect two directors shall terminate on the date upon which
there are less than 25,000 shares of Series F preferred stock issued and outstanding.
For
so long as at least 25,000 shares of Series F preferred stock remain outstanding, the vote or written consent of the holders of the majority
of the outstanding shares of Series F preferred stock is necessary for the Company to conduct certain corporate actions, including, but
not limited to, merger, consolidation or dissolution of the Company; certain amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation or bylaws
of the Company; authorization or issuance of shares of any additional class or series of capital stock unless the same ranks on parity
or junior to the Series F preferred stock with respect to voting rights.
Redemption:
The
Series F preferred stock does not have redemption features.
Dividends:
There
are no stated dividends on the Series F preferred stock.
Conversion:
Each
share of Series F preferred stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time into shares of common
stock at a conversion rate as is determined by dividing the Series F Original Issue Price by the Series F Conversion Price. “Series
F Original Issue Price” initially means $0.01 and “Series F Conversion Price” initially means $0.01, as adjusted for
any dilutive transaction such as stock splits, certain dividends, mergers or acquisitions.
All
of the outstanding shares of Series F preferred stock will automatically convert into shares of the Company’s common stock upon
the consummation of an underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended, resulting in gross proceeds of at least $15,000,000 to the Company or upon written consent of at least 67% of the Series
F preferred shareholders.
NOTE
E - STOCK PLAN
The
Company has reserved 10,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance to employees or consultants from the RetinalGenix Technologies Inc.
2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The Company may grant stock options, restricted stock or other types of equity incentive
instruments under the Plan.
In
November 2019, the Company issued stock options to purchase up to 1,800,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per
share to members of the Company’s medical advisory board and consultants pursuant to the Plan. The options vest over a five-year
period and were unexercised at March 31, 2023. The estimated aggregate fair value of the stock options at the
date of grant was determined to be $1,101,028 using a Black Scholes model.
In
the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued stock options to purchase up to 82,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price
of $1.00 per share to members of the Company’s medical advisory board and consultants pursuant to the Plan. The options vested
immediately. The estimated aggregate fair value of the stock options at the date of grant was determined to be approximately $63,900
using a Black Scholes model.
In
August 2022, the Company issued stock options to purchase up to 500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share
to members of the Company’s medical advisory board and consultants pursuant to the Plan. The options vest over a three-year period.
The estimated aggregate fair value of the stock options at the date of grant was determined to be $287,487 using a Black Scholes model.
The
Company recognized $78,509 and $55,051 of stock-based compensation expense during the three years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
related to stock options which is included in the accompanying statements of operations. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately
$576,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan.
That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.7 years.
At
March 31, 2023, there were 5,115,000 shares available to be issued under the Plan. The following table summarizes stock option activity
of the Plan through March 31, 2023:
SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY
| |
Options
Issued | | |
Weighted-Average
Exercise
Price | |
| |
| | |
| |
Options outstanding – December 31, 2021 | |
| 1,882,500 | | |
$ | 1.00 | |
Granted | |
| 502,500 | | |
| 1.00 | |
Canceled | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Exercised | |
| (25,000 | ) | |
| 1.00 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Options outstanding – December 31, 2022 | |
| 2,360,000 | | |
| 1.00 | |
Granted | |
| - | | |
| | |
Canceled | |
| - | | |
| | |
Exercised | |
| - | | |
| | |
Options outstanding – March 31,
2023 | |
| 2,360,000 | | |
$ | 1.00 | |
Additional
information regarding the exercisable options and average remaining contractual life of the options outstanding as of March 31, 2023
is as follows:
SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE
Exercise
Price | | |
Number Outstanding | | |
Weighted
Average Remaining Contractual
Life | |
Number Exercisable
at December
31, 2022 | | |
Number Exercisable
at March
31, 2023 | |
$ | 1.00 | | |
| 2,360,000 | | |
6.9 Years | |
| 1,204,444 | | |
| 525,000 | |
The
fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant to be $0.56 per share using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model
with the following assumption weighted-averages in 2022:
SCHEDULE
OF STOCK OPTIONS FAIR VALUE ASSUMPTIONS
Risk-free interest rates | |
| 2.19 | % |
Expected life in years | |
| 3.5 | |
Expected volatility | |
| 80 | % |
Expected dividend yield | |
| 0 | % |
Fair value common stock | |
$ | 1.00 | |
The
risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining
term commensurate with the expected term of the award. Management has estimated expected volatility based on similar comparable industry
sector averages. Expected life of the option represents the period of time options are expected to be outstanding. The estimate for dividend
yield is 0% because the Company has not historically paid, and does not intend to pay a dividend on its common stock in the foreseeable
future.
NOTE
F - WARRANTS
In
2021, the Company finalized the issuance of warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share which are fully vested
as of December 31, 2021, and exercisable over 7 years, to a consulting firm. The fair value of such warrants was estimated on the date
of grant to be $0.61 per share using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumption weighted-averages in 2021:
SCHEDULE
OF WARRANTS FAIR VALUE ASSUMPTIONS
Risk-free interest rates | |
| 2.42 | % |
Expected life in years | |
| 3.5 | |
Expected volatility | |
| 73.1 | % |
Expected dividend yield | |
| 0 | % |
Fair value common stock | |
$ | 1.00 | |
The
risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining
term commensurate with the expected term of the award. Management has estimated expected volatility based on similar comparable industry
sector averages. Expected life of the option represents the period of time options are expected to be outstanding. The estimate for dividend
yield is 0% because the Company has not historically paid, and does not intend to pay, a dividend on its common stock in the foreseeable
future. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of approximately $75,000 and $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2022
and 2023, respectively. At March 31, 2023, there is no remaining compensation expense to be recognized.
The
following table summarizes warrant activity through March 31, 2023:
SCHEDULE
OF WARRANTS ACTIVITY
| |
Warrants
Issued | | |
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price | |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
Warrants outstanding – December 31, 2021 | |
| 199,000 | | |
$ | 1.07 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Granted | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Canceled | |
| (12,500 | ) | |
| 1.00 | |
Exercised | |
| (25,000 | ) | |
| 1.00 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Warrants outstanding – December 31, 2022 | |
| 161,500 | | |
| 1.09 | |
Granted | |
| - | | |
| | |
Canceled | |
| - | | |
| | |
Exercised | |
| - | | |
| | |
Warrants outstanding – March 31,
2023 | |
| 161,500 | | |
$ | 1.09 | |
Additional
information regarding the warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2023 is as follows:
SCHEDULE
OF WARRANTS OUTSTANDING
Exercise
Price | | |
Number Outstanding | | |
Weighted
Average Remaining Contractual
Life | | |
Number Exercisable | |
$ | 1.00 | | |
| 11,500 | | |
| .4
Years | | |
| 11,500 | |
$ | 1.10 | | |
| 150,000 | | |
| 5.4
Years | | |
| 150,000 | |
| | | |
| 161,500 | | |
| | | |
| 161,500 | |
Pre-funded
Warrant
On
December 27, 2021, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with Sanovas Ophthalmology (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant
to which it exchanged 28,014,540 shares of common stock (the “Exchange Securities”) held by Sanovas Ophthalmology for a pre-funded
warrant (the “Pre-funded Warrant”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 28,014,540 shares of the Company’s common stock.
The Pre-funded Warrant is immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share and terminates when exercised in full. As
part of the Exchange Agreement, Sanovas Ophthalmology relinquished any and all rights related to the Exchange Securities.
NOTE
G – SHAREHOLDERS’ NOTES PAYABLE
During
2021, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $73,000 from several stockholders pursuant to note agreements bearing interest at 8% per annum
and maturing December 31, 2022. The Company has informally extended the maturity date to December 31, 2023 under the same terms. During
the year ended December 31, 2022, one of the noteholders exercised outstanding warrants with an aggregate exercise price of $25,000 through
the offset of the note payable due to them from the Company, such that $48,000 remain outstanding at December 31, 2022 and March 31,
2023. Interest expense amounted to $960 and $1,460 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The accrued interest
payable at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $8,719 and $7,759, respectively.
NOTE
H – CONTINGENCY
The
Company received a claim against it relating to a former indirect vendor. The Company believes the claim is without merit and intends
to vigorously defend itself. The Company does not believe the claim would have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company.
NOTE
I - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Subsequent
events were reviewed through May 19, 2023, the date these financial statements were available for issuance.