Guided Therapeutics Inc (QB) (GTHP) 銘柄情報

Look up the definition of HYPERBOLE. It's a useful tool when used sparingly, but when you use it in almost every sentence, it's farce.

Your post here is word salad that makes no logical sense. You're demanding that Guided does something that cannot be done.

The problem is, you're making libelous statements. I think Guided Management is going to sue you for libel in 2025, and if they do, it's a slam-dunk case. The only question is whether or not they think you're worth the effort. I guess we'll find out soon. Meanwhile, enjoy the rest of 2024!

I thought you said using words like NEVER is hyperbole? Who’s hyperbole & hypocrite now?
Don’t worry about my health. I’m well capable of taking care of my own health. And if you are so much worried about my health then have a call with full-of-shit GTHP management & ask them to ensure SMI pays them in full by December-end ‘24.
If a deadbeat defaults on a loan, how is that the bank's fault? You are right if the deadbeat defaults on a loan that’s not bank’s fault but then wise & intelligent & clever banks never give an another loan again to the deadbeat defaulter. Whereas here SMI defaulted not only once but many times & yet the non-performing, no-capability, lazy management keeps on giving them chances after chances & partnering with a defaulter & non-trustworthy partner. That’s fraudulent behavior. They say fool me once shame on you but fool me twice shame on me. SMI made a complete fool out of GTHP management not only once but many times. What are GTHP management’s vested interests in keep on partnering with a payment defaulted & non-trustworthy entity? Did SMI pay bribes to GTHP management? Due to their non-performance, no-capability & laziness stockholders suffered 99% losses.
They say where there’s a will there’s a way. If lazy GTHP management would have at least tried to find another trustworthy & paying partner then may be they would have found one. But it appears that the lazy management never tried that search option.
If GTHP management can’t find a way to ensure SMI pays 1.34ML$ by year end ‘24, then they are not worthy of their jobs. To find a way is their job & if they can’t do that then they don’t deserve their jobs. Why they need a common stockholder to inform them how to do their jobs & a way about how to make their partner pay? Don’t they know how to do their jobs? If hey know then they must find a way to ensure SMI pays them in full by December-end ‘24.
For the last time don’t bother to reply to my any posts on any forum ever again anywhere.

Guided could NEVER have found anyone else to do all that work for free. SMI was a godsend, regardless of whether they pay Guided any money or not.

57,000 shares is not a selloff.

When I say that you're full of shit, notice that I'm not calling you an idiot or "intellectually challenged" or dim-witted or stupid. It's just an observation that your hyperbole-laden posts are lies and that anyone who uses two aliases to create a fake conversation and/or buys the stock while bashing is full of shit.

You are getting very angry and I'm worried about your health. Please go pet a dog or give a dollar to a homeless person and try to let that anger go. Celebrate life. You shouldn't care that I see through you. You still managed to buy a fair amount of this stock under a dime in the past year, didn't you? So congratulations!

For an intellectually challenged individual like you no wonder I’ve to repeat myself. So here we go again. I don’t get angry ever & I certainly don’t get angry at idiots, stupids & dim-witted. I pity their intelligence (if they have any). Next time before you call me names like full of shit, take a look in the mirror & may be a realization of a “light bulb” moment.
If you are so bullish on the stock why do t you buy at ask price? You don’t buy because you are full of shit & a paid pumper.
When the 1st time SMI didn’t obey their contractual payment obligations, at that time itself GTHP management should have started to search for another paying, trustworthy partner. However lazy & no-capacity GTHP management didn’t do that. Now SMI fully know that GTHP is stuck with them & SMI is exploiting the undue disadvantage of GTHP’s situation to their fullest to their own selfish advantage.
I suspect that SMI has already informed GTHP about that they can’t pay 1.34ML$ by this year end & somehow that insider information was leaked to the market today & hence the sell off today.
Stockholders lost 99% of value in stock solely because of non-performing, no-capability, lazy management.

I own a lot of GTHP stock. Probably not as much as YOU, considering how you've been steadily buying while bashing, but I own a lot.

GTHP management owns a lot of GTHP stock too.

Please explain why is SMI's inability to pay the fault of GTHP management? If a deadbeat defaults on a loan, how is that the bank's fault?

How do you propose GTHP management "[ensures] SMI pays them 1.34ML$ in full by December 31st 2024?" Travel to China and threaten to break their thumbs?

Do you think Shenghuo would have ever completed a 400-patient clinical trial in China and submitted an application to the NMPA?

Do you think GTHP management could have found anyone ELSE to do all that for free?

How can you expect anyone to not think you're full of shit when you're so full of shit?

LOL I'm sorry, it's wrong for me to pick on you like this. It's making you angry and that's not in the Holiday Spirit. I'm interfering with your bashing and buying, aren't I? I'll stop. Happy Holidays!

If you are so bullish on the stock & company, where are your buys? Put your money where your mouth is.
We shall soon see if GTHP management has what it takes to ensure SMI pays them 1.34ML$ in full by December 31st 2024.

Do you deny using two aliases to create a fake conversation bashing this stock? Aliases myjo and myjog?

And do you deny buying the stock while you were bashing? Even though you admitted that you and your associates were buying while you were bashing?

I can show you those posts if you want to see them again.

Don't you agree that someone who used two aliases to fake a conversation is full of shit?

And don't you agree that someone who is buying a stock while bashing it is full of shit?

You say "Data doesn't lie." Look at the historical data for daily volume for the past YEAR and note the days that had 100,000 volume or more:

* none in November
* three days in October
* none in September or August
* one day each in July, June, May, April....
* two days in March....
* three days in February....
* and none in January.

There were more days that had ZERO volume than days that had 100,000 volume. Typical daily volume is under 10,000 shares -- under $2000 per day. That's the data and it doesn't lie. Your FUD doom-and-gloom about selling and dumping and "massive volume" is proven false by the data you claim to trust.

But don't let me stop you from taking your own advice and shorting this stock. We'll watch your progress on REGSHO.

And have you looked up the definition of "hyperbole" yet? Words like ever, never, always, absolutely.... When someone uses hyperbole as much as you, it loses its effect. It makes you sound childish. You might want to dial it back.

I don’t get angry ever & I certainly don’t get angry at idiots, stupids & dim-witted. I pity their intelligence (if they have any). Next time before you call me names like full of shit, take a look in the mirror & may be a realization of a “light bulb” moment.
Data doesn’t lie.
I’m bearish right from the beginning get-go because of poor-performing & no-capacity management have a great product at hand & they are literally ruining the stock. In last 8-+ years, management made stockholders 99% of losses & still management enriched themselves by awarding dividend & all kind of stock payments at the expense of stockholders’ losses.
We shall see if management has what it takes to make SMI pay them 1.34ML$ at then end of this year. Just 14 more days remaining. Clock is ticking. Tick-tock-tick-tock.
Looking at today’s trading my “guess” is that SMI is not paying them a dime & that insider news was leaked to market.

That's your advice? "short it?"

Short a penny stock trading at 16 cents?

BTW when I said there was no volume the volume was 2000 shares. Did you buy 55,000 shares just to prove me wrong? LOL it'll take more than 55,000 shares to create volume here. The next catalyst will be either a big payment from SMI or the completion of the USA clinical trials. Until then, there's not going to be any volume, unless Auctus or some other big holder decides to dump.

You seem angry. That's a shame. It's the holiday season! Cheer up. Maybe bring back your second alias and create another fake conversation so you have someone other than me to talk to!

Paid pumpers are saying there’s no volume. The fact & truth & data says that there are almost 55K net sells at any salvage price anyone can get. Who’s full of shit now? Data doesn’t lie. Paid pumpers are full of shit. Bid is at 0.155$ & there are neither any buyers nor any buying support. Where are paid pumpers’ buys? They are full of shit, lies & bs. This is going down. Short it.

It’s a sell, sell, sell. Sell at any salvage price you can get. Short this. This is going down the toilet. Paid pumpers are full of shit. They are not buying. If any one have any courage to buy, then show your buys. Otherwise you are full of shit. Show your buys!

Level 2 shows that you're full of shit.

There's no "unlimited supply of GTHP stock" and the MM's aren't doing anything illegal. There's simply no volume here and there won't be until there's a significant catalyst.

The entire time you've been bashing, you've been buying, or trying to buy anyway. Where do your Bids currently sit? And do you think you can drive the PPS down to your price by bashing every day?

No matter how many buys are done at an ask price of 0.175$, it appears that broker-dealers / market-makers have an unlimited supply of GTHP stock to be sold at 0.175$ price. Bid stubbornly sits at 0.17$ & never goes up! What a mess this stock has become!

That’s your opinion .
Keep your BS opinions to yourself.
If you have value add information about GTHP then post here. Otherwise don’t ever bother to reply to any of my posts on any forum anywhere ever.

Stop posting bullshit and FUD about GTHP and nobody will ever respond to you again.

Keep posting bullshit and FUD about GTHP and you'll have to put up with people calling you out.

If any of those 2 things don’t happen then never ever bother to reply to any of my posts ever again on any forum anywhere.
Whether or not SMI will pay GTHP 1.34ML$ by 12/31/2024 is going to be known in next 15 days anyway.

LOL just remember your promise, Elmer FUD. If SMI pays the $1.4 million and the clinical trial completes in Q1, you'll "not only go away but will go away with praising post of GTHP management on this forum."

I hope you're shorting GTHP. I really do.

GTHP stockholders,
GTHP management’s paid pumpers are trying to portray a rosy picture. However keep in mind that in spite of SMI proven to be defaulted on multiple times about their contractual payment obligations, GTHP management is not able to do anything about it GTHP management keeps on continuing with payments defaulted & non-trustworthy partner. From this you can get the picture about who’s in driver’s seat.
it’s a known fact now that they are not able to complete the US clinical trial by 2024-end. They missed the deadline again. What’s new? From this you can the picture that clearly GTHP management is not in driver’s seat.
Because of this abysmally poor performance stock is stuck at 0.17$. There’s neither any buying support for the stock nor any trading happening in the stock nor it’s going up at all. Because of this the broker-dealers / market-makers are able to manipulate the trading & price in this stock. Because of this stockholders suffered losses.

paid pumpers, LOL

GTHP bashing manipulator-wannabees appear to not know or ignore the fact that SMI has missed deadlines a dozen times, not just three -- but who cares?

Nobody ever thought SMI would pay a red cent. To my surprise, they paid hundreds of thousands $$$ and they completed a 400-patient clinical trial at mutiple hospitals that succeeded -- and then SMI submitted an application to the NMPA.

You have to stretch pretty far to paint all that as Fear Uncertainty and Doubt. Yet you still try to spread FUD.

And why? You stopped buying -- your 9-cent bids are long buried. So why keep bashing?

"What are GTHP Management’s vested interests in continuing with a payment defaulter & non-trustworthy partner?" you can't be serious. Guided is in the driver's seat. If SMI doesn't pay, all their work was for naught because they can't sell the Luviva Scan without Guided's help and permission. If the Luviva Scan gets Chinese approval and SMI disappears, HOW is that a negative? Guided got Chinese clearance for free and they can easily find another reseller.

You make no sense, but you forge ahead with your FUD. It's bizarre.

GTHP management’s paid pumpers appear to not know or ignore the fact that SMI didn’t adhere to contractual obligations not only once not only twice but three times now. They say fool me once shame on you but fool me twice shame on me. SMI made a complete fool out of GTHP management not only once not only twice but three times now. SMI don’t have money to pay to GTHP is not GTHP’s fault. However fully knowing that SMI don’t have money & yet GTHP management still continue to partner with a payment defaulted & non-trustworthy partner is definitely GTHP management’s fault. When SMI didn’t pay GTHP the 1st time at that time itself if GTHP management would have started the efforts to find another paying & trustworthy partner in China then may be (& I’m just saying my be) things would have been different today. What are GTHP Management’s vested interests in continuing with a payment defaulter & non-trustworthy partner? Why would stockholders suffer losses because of GTHP Management’s poor-performance, laziness, poor-judgement in continuing with a payment defaulted & non-trustworthy partner?
Paid pumpers are so stupid that they don’t understand the difference between bs & value-add post! Alas! Pitying their non-intellect.

Let GTHP management ensure that SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ in full on or before 31st December 2024 & let GTHP management commit to completing US clinical trials by 1-Q 2025, then I’ll not only go away but will go away with praising post of GTHP management on this forum.LOL you know that SMI doesn't have $1.34 million and that's not Guided management's fault.

The clinical trial will likely finish in Q1 but we know that if by some fluke SMI pays the money you won't go away and you'll never praise GTHP management, so why even say it?

If you don't want people to reply to your posts, stop posting bullshit. Is that so hard to do?

SMI completed a huge trial and submitted an application to the Chinese FDA without any cost to Guided. Why are you so negative about that? We've all known for YEARS that SMI had no money to pay Guided so the contractual $$$ numbers never meant anything. I frankly don't know how they managed to get that trial done and submit that application. SMI made glass tubes before they found GTHP.

GTHP management’s paid pumpers are so full of shit that in spite of me telling them 100s of times not to bother replying to my posts, they are so stupid & dim-witted that fail to understand plain simple English.
They don’t have any value-add comments or contributions for this forum so they go tho the lowest level of personal attacks.
Let GTHP management ensure that SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ in full on or before 31st December 2024 & let GTHP management commit to completing US clinical trials by 1-Q 2025, then I’ll not only go away but will go away with praising post of GTHP management on this forum.
Is GTHP management up for this challenge?

If SMI doesn't pay up by 12/31/2024 will you go away?

That's the logical conclusion from all your hyperbole.

"absolutely"
"at all"
"the only way"
"absolutely"
"no exceptions"
"Period"

Really, if SMI doesn't pay by 12/312024 and you're still here in January, that proves you're full of shit. As if further proof was needed.

Happy Holidays.

In spite of the somewhat Ok news, there’s absolutely no trading in this stock. This will inform stockholders about how market doesn’t trust this company’s management at all. This company’s management missed their deadlines so many times before & their performance is so abysmally low that right now market doesn’t trust them for a good news as well.
Right now the only way to recover from this horrible & horrendous situation & regain trust from market is for this company’s management to absolutely ensure that by December-end 2024 SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ “in full”. No exceptions. Period.

The PPS have a potential to reach 1$ (4$) & may go there if & only if this company’s management builds on the December momentum & absolutely ensures that
1) SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ as per their contractual obligations by December-end ‘24
2) Don’t do any RS or fund raising diluting existing stockholders’ equity.
As I said, it’s now all in the hands of this company’s management & let’s hope they don’t screw it up this golden opportunity this time around.

The minimum to UPLIST from OTC to NASDAQ is $4 PPS

The $1 PPS rule is for STAYING on NASDAQ.

But forget that. The big takeaway from your post here is: after all your bashing and FUD, you think the PPS is going to $1 and that's without any regard for the US clinical trial.

No wonder you've been buying the whole time you've been bashing. You must be done buying now?

Although “displaying exemplary performance” & “meeting deadlines” & “bringing value to stockholders instead of enriching management at the expense of shareholders’ losses”, terms like these are foreign territory & uncharted waters for this company’s management. That’s the way to get stock price at a respectable level of at least 1$ & then uplist to NASDAQ.

The 2nd despicable, outright disgusting & the most-preferred way of non-performing, zero-to-no capability management is RS (an easy way out for lazy management).

Stockholder of this company hope that management of this company chooses the former instead of the latter.

It appears that December is off to a good start & if they keep the momentum going & absolutely ensure that SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ as per their contractual obligations by December-end ‘24 then this stock will see a 1$ price without RS. It’s now all in the hands of this company’s management & let’s hope they don’t screw it up this golden opportunity this time around.

Explain how they can uplist to NASDAQ with a PPS of 18 cents.

BTW the money from this sale will be deferred revenue on the 10-K if they're not shipping until 2025 so brace yourself for that.

Something is better than nothing.
4 LuViva & 1200 disposables. Order may be worth 100K$. That’s why there’s neither uptick in trading volume nor uptick in stock price. The broker-dealer / market-maker GTSM so tightly manipulates the trading & the stock price in this stock that nothing not a thing can be done about it. The only way appears forward is to utilise the proceeds from this latest order to uplist to NASDAQ.

It appears that GTSM broker-dealer/market-maker has an unlimited supply of GTHP stock at 0.175$. This broker-dealer/market-maker is 1 of the broker-dealers/market-makers actively involved in stock price manipulation.

Hyperbole and FUD in every sentence.

Meanwhile, what's your bid price now? Looks like you raised your price from nine cents to 13 cents. You gave up on the nines? Or is your bid just buried now?

Consecutive 8th thanksgiving, when there’s absolutely nothing to be thankful for here.
All indications are pointing to US clinical trials will not complete by 2024-end.
Guided management had 1 & 1 job only & that job was to ensure that SMI pays them in full & on time as per contractual obligations. Did they do their job? No, they didn’t. In spite of not doing their job, they keep on rewarding themselves dividend stocks & other kind of stock payments. Why?
When they know that SMI is neither paying them in full nor paying them on time, still why do they keep on partnering with a non trustworthy partner at the expense of stockholders’ losses? Why?
Let’s see if SMI pays them 1.34 ML$ by 2024 end.
Stock is illiquid & if it trades then there are only sells & more sells & even more sells.
Bid stubbornly sits at 0.16$ & never goes up. Every slightest uptick in the bid price is immediately taken & heavy selling resumes. There’s absolutely no buying support for the stock because management is not doing their jobs.
Stockholders suffered 99% losses on their investment in this company’s stock solely because of incompetent-at-best, inept-at-worst, lazy, no-performance, no-capability, grossly overpaid executives management.

SMI did all that on their own?

Wow! Guided sure was lucky to find SMI.

You realize, I assume, that SMI can't sell the device in China without buying the device from Guided. If the NMPA approves the device, that's a huge win for Guided -- getting a 400-patient clinical trial completed and getting NMPA approval would have been very expensive otherwise.

"Shame on you" indeed.

SMI completed Chinese clinical trial on its own. SMI submitted to NMPA on its own. In this where exactly is GTHP management’s so-called performance?
In SMI saga, the only job GTHP management had was to ensure that SMI pays to GTHP on-time & in-full. They completely & miserably failed to do their job. When they knew the 1st time that SMI isn’t paying them on-time & in full & hence can no longer be trusted they were supposed to find an another paying & trustworthy partner in China. They say, fool me once shame on you, fool me twice shame on me. SMI made a complete fool out of GTHP management not only once or twice but thrice now & yet GTHP management continues to partner with them at the expense of stockholders’s losses. In spite of GTHP management’s miserably failed performance, they continue to reward themselves dividend stocks & all kind of other stock payments. What a disgraceful, shameful, pathetic, selfish & despicable behaviour.
They were supposed to complete US clinical trials by 2024-end. All indications are pointing to that deadline will be missed. Till date GTHP management hasn’t achieved a single one self-published deadline for any task “ever”.
They are incompetent-at-best, inept-at-worst, lazy, no-performance, no-capability, grossly overpaid executives.

LOL do you think Faupel and Blumberg would disclose there were non payments. Now that is funny!

Stock is t traded at all. Even if it trades then there are only sells, more sells & even more sells. There are 206K stock available for sale at the bargain basement price of 0.185$ & there are absolutely no buyers at all. The incompetent, inept, lazy no-performance & no-capability management is solely responsible for this situation. They have completely & miserably failed to do their job.

SMI got a large clinical trial completed and SMI submitted an application to the Chinese FDA, all at basically no cost to Guided Therapeutics.

You wish that Guided Therapeutics had stayed with Shenghuo?

The latest 10-Q states following

Forty-seven (47) of the 100 IPs will be provided by GTI to SMI, at an approximate price of $1,351,250; The number of IPs may be reduced if the full payment is delayed beyond the end of 2024.

If anyone believes that SMI will pay GTHP $1,351,250 by end of 2024, then they are delusional. SMI didn’t pay GTHP 200K$, then SMI didn’t pay GTHP 700K$ at the time of filing to NMPA. SMI had defaulted on their each & every contactual payment obligations till date. What makes GTHP management think that SMI will pay them $1,351,250 by end of 2024? In spite of SMI defaulting, why GTHP management keep on partnering with them? What are GTHP management’s vested interests in continuing partnership with full payment defaulting entity such as SMI? What did SMI do to GTHP management so as to deserve such extraordinary special treatment?

That's not what the 10-Q says. Not even close.

Read it again. Might help. Probably not.

Look at the latest 10-Q. Till now only 255 patients are completed. So US clinical trials “‘may” complete by June-end 2025. Absolutely no news about SMI owing GTHP almost 1ML$.
The incompetent-at-worst, inept-at-best, no-performance, no-capability management of this company failed miserably & completely to do their job in ensuring that SMI pays their contractual obligations in full. In spite of them completely failing to do their job, they are still paying themselves dividend stocks & other form of stock payments at the expense of shareholders’ losses.
It’s because of them stock’s bid stubbornly sits at 0.15-0.16$ & doesn’t go up. It’s because of them ask keeps on precipitously going down & down & more down. It’s because of them stock has become illiquid & if at all it trades there are only sells & more sells & even more sells. It’s because of them many broker-dealers/market-makers exploit the opportunities to manipulate the stock price.

It appears that GTSM is again trying to manipulate the stock price.
The incompetent-at-worst, inept-at-best, no-performance, no-capability management of this company is supposed to publish the latest 10-Q today. However considering the state in which management brought this company in, it’s irrelevant & immaterial at this stage whether they publish latest 10-Q or not.
It appears that management of this company failed miserably & completely to do their job in ensuring that SMI pays their contractual obligations in full at the time of NMPA filing. In spite of them completely failing to do their job, they are still paying themselves dividend stocks & other form of stock payments at the expense of shareholders’ losses.
Hopefully US clinical trials are still on track to be completed by this year end.

Don’t know if there’s any slightest ray of light at the end of dark tunnel. Stock is illiquid & if it trades then there are sells & more sells. This company is run by incompetent-at-worst, inept-at-best, no-performance, no-capability management. A technologically great product having innovative ground-breaking product is in the hands of incompetent, inept & lazy people. They only know how to enrich themselves at the expense of stockholders’ losses.

In September, you said the price would never go above 12 cents, and then you said it would never go above 15 cents.

In October, you said the price would never go above 16 cents.

Now it's November and you're saying the price will never go above 21 cents.

Thanks for the weather report.

370K stock available for sell at 0.21$. Highly doubt that this stock will go above 0.21$

NITE broker-dealer/market-maker is manipulating the security price now.

70K stock sell around 0.15$.
Long stockholders, how do you feel about this?
There are sells, sells & more sells. Long stockholders, they just want to get out of their long positions at any bargain basement salvage price they can get.

60K stock was bought at 0.16$ & yet NITE’s 34475 stock available at sale 0.16$ didn’t move at all. This is a clear evidence that NITE along with GTSM & CFGN broker-dealers/market-makers are actively involved in stock price manipulation.

Yesterday was odd. Wonder if news is coming out.

The US clinical trials won't finish until end of year at the EARLIEST, so it probably wouldn't be about that. Q3 Financials, meh, the NMPA submission was Q4 so any payments won't be on the books in Q3....

Possibly a PR About SMI payments? I, for one, don't think SMI has much money, but at least they got the NMPA application submitted.

Here is some interesting reading about the NMPA's proposed changes to their existing Medical Device Regulation (MDR, aka Order 739). The first one doesn't apply to the LuViva Scan but the second one does:
* Under the existing Medical Device Regulation (MDR, also known as Order 739), an imported medical device must be approved in the country of origin before it can be approved in China, unless the product at issue is an innovative device. The draft MDAL proposes to remove this requirement for country-of-origin approval (Article 47). An imported medical device can undergo the regulatory review and approval process in China in parallel to the same in other countries and shorten the time to market in China.

* Marketing authorizations of medical devices, unlike drugs, cannot be transferred between different entities under the Order 739. The draft MDAL explicitly states that marketing authorizations can be assigned and the NMPA will issue specific implementing measures (Article 58). R&D-based medical device companies can sell the right to their products along with the marketing authorizations in the form of an asset sale.

https://www.ropesgray.com/en/insights/viewpoints/102ji2j/chinas-nmpa-requests-public-comments-on-its-first-medical-device-law-three-key

I say ther first one doesn't apply to the LuViva Scan because it's an "innovative device." At least, the Chinese doctors called it "innovative:"

https://www.biospace.com/leading-cervical-cancer-doctors-support-approval-of-luviva-in-china-based-on-preliminary-review-of-clinical-trial-results
According to Dr. Sui, “We are eager to complete the validation of this innovative technology and submit an application to the NMPA, and we are confident that LuViva will represent the next generation of early cervical cancer detection technology, with its advantages of accuracy, ease of use and immediate results.”

You don't seem to understand what "Safe Harbor" means or why it is used.

Perhaps funds and ETF's are better suited to your investment needs and knowledge.