BRISBANE, Australia,
Oct. 29, 2018 /CNW/ --
SEPTEMBER QUARTER 2018 KEY HIGHLIGHTS1
OLAROZ LITHIUM FACILITY (ORE 66.5%)2
September quarter
- Production for the quarter was 2,293 tonnes of lithium
carbonate, up 7% on previous corresponding period (PCP)3
but down 36% quarter on quarter (QoQ) due to a previously announced
shutdown of the plant for two weeks (ASX June Quarterly Report -
31 July 2018) and seasonally lower
evaporation rates
- Quarterly sales revenue of US$32
million, up 36% on PCP with realised average price achieved
of US$14,699/tonne on a free on-board
basis (FOB)4. It is expected that the pricing achieved
in the December quarter will be below that achieved in the
September quarter, however the pricing achieved for the December
half year is not expected to be materially less than the June half
year
- Total sales of 2,144 tonnes of lithium carbonate up 3% on
PCP
- Cash costs for the quarter (on cost of goods sold
basis)5 were US$4,640/tonne
- Record gross cash margins of US$10,059/tonne were up 62% on PCP
LITHIUM GROWTH PROJECTS
- A US$40 million early works
program is underway as part of the Stage 2 expansion with the
construction of evaporation ponds, expanded industrial water
supply, production bores, roads, camp infrastructure and
accommodation. The US$40 million
forms part of the total capital expenditure of US$285 million for Stage 2. The expansion will
add 25,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) of lithium carbonate and bring
Olaroz total production capacity to 42,500tpa. Through 30 September 2018 approximately US$10 million of the approved US$40 million has been spent
- All material matters to permit Orocobre and Toyota Tsusho
Corporation (TTC) final approvals for both the Stage 2 expansion
and Naraha Lithium Hydroxide Plant have been completed with the
exception of the Naraha EPC contract with the preferred contractor,
Veolia. TTC is the manager of the Naraha joint venture. The terms
of the EPC contract are expected to be agreed during this quarter
thereby allowing for the integrated and concurrent development of
both projects
BORAX ARGENTINA
- Overall sales volume in the September quarter was down 11% on
the June quarter to 9,407 tonnes with sales revenue down by a
similar magnitude while the average price per tonne achieved was in
line with the June Quarter
- Revenue was impacted by a slower than anticipated commencement
of sales to the Brazil agriculture
market. Delayed September volumes have been recovered in
October
- The Tincalayu Expansion Project feasibility study is under
internal review
CORPORATE
- Orocobre corporate had available cash of US$308.7 million after supporting the Advantage
Lithium capital raise (US$4M),
Cauchari JV expenditure and early expenses on the Naraha Lithium
Hydroxide Plant. Including SDJ and Borax cash and project debt, net
group cash is US$221.7 million
- Mr Martin Perez de Solay has
been appointed as Orocobre's new Managing Director and Chief
Executive Officer and will commence in these roles following the
upcoming Annual General Meeting and a transition period with the
current Managing Director and CEO Richard
Seville
CAUCHARI JOINT VENTURE
(ADVANTAGE LITHIUM OPERATOR 75% / OROCOBRE 25%)
- During the September quarter the joint venture partners
released a Phase 3 drilling program update regarding the brine
sampling of diamond core holes CAU20 and CAU21 in the NW Sector of
the Cauchari JV property. The results from CAU20 and CAU21 clearly
demonstrated the Phase 3 infill drilling and resource conversion
program is on track to deliver Measured and Indicated Resources by
early 2019
- On 31 August Advantage Lithium released a NI43-101 complaint
Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) for the Cauchari JV project.
Orocobre did not release the results of this study as the use of
inferred resources in the PEA does not comply with guidance
provided by ASX and ASIC on disclosure of information of this
nature
- A Phase 3 Definitive Feasibility Study is planned for
completion in the first half of 2019
OLAROZ LITHIUM FACILITY
Click here for more information on Olaroz
The Olaroz Lithium Facility is located in the Jujuy province of
Argentina. Together with partners,
TTC and Jujuy Energia y Mineria Sociedad del Estado (JEMSE),
Orocobre is now operating the first large scale brine-based lithium
chemicals facility to be commissioned in approximately 20
years.
Olaroz produces high quality lithium carbonate chemicals for
both the battery and industrial markets. It is the only operation
in the world with an integrated purification circuit.
The Olaroz Lithium Facility joint venture is operated through
Argentine subsidiary Sales de Jujuy S.A. (SDJ). The effective
equity interests are: Orocobre 66.5%, TTC 25.0% and JEMSE 8.5%.
PRODUCTION, SALES AND OPERATIONAL UPDATE
PRODUCTION AND SALES
Production for the September quarter was 2,293 tonnes, down 36%
from 3,596 tonnes in the June quarter due to lower seasonal
evaporation and a scheduled two week maintenance outage plus ramp
up. Despite this, production in the current quarter was up 7% when
compared to the same period in 2017.
Sales were 2,144 tonnes of lithium carbonate with a realised
average price of US$14,699 per tonne
on a FOB basis and total sales revenue of US$32 million. Operating costs (on a cost of
goods sold basis) were US$4,640/tonne, down 7% on the September 2017 quarter. Received average prices
are expected to be softer in the December quarter.
Gross cash margins of 68% for the quarter were a record
(US$10,059 per tonne, up 2% QoQ and
62% PCP). This again demonstrates the robust cash generation
ability and profitability of the Olaroz operations.
Metric
|
September
quarter 2018
|
June
quarter 2018
|
Change QoQ
(%)
|
PCP (Sept.
FY17)
|
Change PCP
(%)
|
Production
(tonnes)
|
2,293
|
3,596
|
-36%
|
2,135
|
7%
|
Sales
(tonnes)
|
2,144
|
3,255
|
-34%
|
2,072
|
3%
|
Average price
received (US$/tonne) 3
|
14,699
|
13,653
|
8%
|
11,190
|
31%
|
Cost of sales
(US$/tonne)4
|
4,640
|
3,800
|
22%
|
4,987
|
-7%
|
Revenue
(US$M)
|
32
|
44
|
-29%
|
23
|
36%
|
Gross cash margin
(US$/tonne)
|
10,059
|
9,853
|
2%
|
6,203
|
62%
|
Gross cash margin
(%)
|
68%
|
72%
|
-5%
|
55%
|
13%
|
OPERATIONAL UPDATE
Production in the September quarter was lower than the June
quarter due to the scheduled temporary closure of the plant for
maintenance and the lower seasonal evaporation rates. During the
two-week closure modifications were undertaken on the BEPEX (dry
and bagging) circuit and electrical upgrades, as well as cleaning
of one of the main reactors. This is the first major maintenance
shutdown since the plant opened nearly four years ago.
Salt harvesting from harvestable ponds (the final eight ponds in
the system) continued during the September quarter. Four of the
eight harvest ponds have now been cleared of harvestable salts, two
are being harvested and two will remain until next winter. The
construction of additional pond area negated any potential negative
impact from the salt harvesting.
The harvesting process occurs approximately every three years
and involves the removal of the majority of salt which has
precipitated through the evaporation process.
CARBON DIOXIDE
RECOVERY
Carbon dioxide is used at the
Olaroz Lithium Facility in the production of battery grade lithium
carbonate. It is currently sourced from near Buenos Aires, Cordoba and Mendoza (transported up to 1,800
kilometres by truck), making it a significant component of total
reagent costs.
Following engineering studies which showed that up to 50% of
total carbon dioxide used in the production process can be
recovered a recovery circuit built by ASKO has been installed and
commissioning is due to start shortly. Capital expenditure on this
project was less than US$2M.
FUTURE PRODUCTION AND GUIDANCE
As previously stated (ASX June Quarter Report, 31 July 2018), Orocobre expects full year
production (FY19) will be higher than that achieved in FY18.
December quarter production is expected to be materially higher
than the September quarter.
FINAL INVESTMENT DECISION FOR GROWTH PROJECTS
All material matters to permit Orocobre and TTC final approvals
for both the Stage 2 expansion and Naraha Lithium Hydroxide Plant
have been completed with the exception of the Naraha EPC contract
with the preferred contractor, Veolia. TTC is the manager of the
Naraha joint venture. The terms of the EPC contract are expected to
be agreed during this quarter thereby allowing for the integrated
and concurrent development of both projects.
As the Stage 2 expansion at Olaroz provides feed for Naraha
Lithium Hydroxide Plant, the Orocobre Board has to this point in
time considered that the finalisation of the EPC contract at Naraha
is also a condition precedent for the approval of the Stage 2
expansion at Olaroz.
STAGE 2 EXPANSION AT OLAROZ
The Stage 2 expansion of Olaroz is fully funded with cash and
proposed debt funding arrangements.
PROGRESS TO DATE
Based on forecast strong demand growth the joint venture
partners have scaled the Stage 2 expansion to 25,000 tonnes per
annum (total 42,500 tonnes per annum across the whole Olaroz
site).
The increased expansion plans retain the simplified design to
remove the purification circuit from the incremental production
with the proposed development of a 10,000tpa lithium hydroxide
plant in Naraha, Japan.
The joint venture has committed to a US$40 million early works program. This capital
forms part of the overall US$285
million total capital program for Stage 2. This first phase
of expansion activities includes the construction of new roads,
vegetation clearing, construction of new evaporation and harvest
ponds, secondary liming plant, four boreholes, the expansion of
existing site infrastructure and camp accommodation. Through 30
September US$10 million has been
spent.
New camp accommodation facilities, capable of housing 120
additional staff and new catering facilities are currently under
construction and are expected to be completed in Q4 2018.
Two new harvest ponds (17A, 17B)
have been completed and are now filled with concentrated brine,
replacing pond area that is temporarily unavailable due to salt
harvesting activities as discussed earlier. A new evaporation pond
(15B) was also completed during the
September quarter.
Drilling of four additional bores has begun. These bores will
feed brine into new evaporation ponds being constructed as part of
the Stage 2 expansion.
During the quarter construction of a new reactor began at the
existing primary Liming plant. This reactor will enable the primary
Liming plant to process a higher flow rate of brine before the
Stage 2 liming plant is built permitting brine stocks to be
increased and facilitating the rapid filling of Stage 2 ponds.
The Company continues to actively seek opportunities to obtain
services from the local community, e.g. labour hire and rental
accommodation.
Key project milestones include:
Milestone
|
Timing
(CY)
|
Final joint
venture approvals
|
2H 2018
|
Drilling of
wells
|
2018 – 1H
2019
|
Construction of
ponds
|
2H 2018 – 2H
2019
|
Construction of
lithium carbonate plant
|
1H 2019 – 1H
2020
|
Plant
commissioning
|
2H 2020
|
NARAHA LITHIUM HYDROXIDE PLANT
SCOPE
Orocobre and TTC plan to build a 10,000tpa lithium hydroxide
plant in Naraha, Japan. The
proposed location is well situated near potential customers which
reduces the common risks of caking and degradation of quality when
lithium hydroxide is transported and exposed to humidity.
The process will utilise primary grade lithium carbonate sourced
from Olaroz and locally sourced Japanese lime.
The capital cost estimate for the lithium hydroxide plant is
currently US$60-70 million (100%
basis, pre-subsidies). Subsidies of US$27
million have been secured from the Japanese government.
Operating costs (excluding lithium carbonate feedstock) for the
lithium hydroxide plant remain at approximately US$1,500/tonne.
MARKET AND SALES
Total volume of lithium carbonate sold in the September quarter
was 2,144 tonnes. Lithium carbonate prices increased to
US$14,699/tonne (FOB) for the
quarter. It is expected that the pricing achieved in the December
quarter will be below that achieved in the September quarter,
however the pricing achieved for the December half year is not
expected to be materially less than the June half year.
LITHIUM MARKET
The lithium market was impacted by similar factors during the
September quarter as the previous quarter leading Chinese spot
prices to fall below the seaborne contract market.
China
Spot prices in China remained
under pressure by the change in China's subsidy policy announced earlier in
the year which had an enduring impact on lithium demand with key
cathode/battery manufacturers including CATL and BYD announcing new
nickel-based battery capacity will come online early 2019. The
Chinese spot market was also weighed down by broader macro-economic
concerns regarding China's
economy, particularly the potential impact of trade wars leading
some commentators to believe China
may be heading toward current account deficit due to a trade
imbalance (source: Shanghai Metals Markets). This encouraged
continued destocking of raw materials throughout the battery supply
chain.
Some additional lithium carbonate volume also entered the market
from the brine producers in the Qinghai region with an aggressive pricing
approach at seemingly unsustainable levels. This additional volume
at marginal prices has had a direct impact on spot market prices
within China and a flow on effect
to some customers outside of China
who have downstream exposure to the China market. The Qinghai region has historically experienced
reduced lithium carbonate production levels through the imminent
winter season and it is expected that this will be the case again
this year.
Supply
The market had expected improved supply conditions particularly
from converters receiving new Australian spodumene concentrate
supply, however these projects are expected to reach completion
within the next six months and will require a period of
commissioning and customer qualification that has not been
accounted for by many market forecasts. Conversion plant projects
which were scheduled to come online this year have lagged the
announced timelines due to a number of factors including
availability of credit and ability to service debt,
overly-optimistic project timelines of less than two years, and/or
difficulties transitioning from commissioning to production.
Furthermore, exports of direct shipping ore (DSO) continued to
decrease as DSO suppliers decided to focus investment on producing
high quality spodumene concentrate.
Outlook
Despite subdued spot market conditions, key suppliers to the
contract market maintained an optimistic, long-term perspective
with demand forecasts provided by South American producers SQM and
Albemarle remaining in the range of 18% to 20% CAGR for 2018 to
2025. During the quarter, the market was reminded of the
difficulties involved in ramping up operations. SQM provided
updated guidance on FY18 production reducing the initial estimate
of ~55ktpa LCE down to between 45ktpa and 50ktpa citing a delay in
the ramp-up of their expanded Chile carbonate capacity and 'logistical
challenges given low inventory levels'.
Summary
The market in China has
experienced some volatility linked to changes in the EV subsidy
policy, a subsequent shift toward high nickel cathode, some new
supply entering the market from the Qinghai region and some macro-economic
factors. However, the overall supply and demand market picture has
not altered significantly. The Company's view remains that tight
market conditions will persist with some lumpiness or variability
to be expected as the market grows, and at times, becomes more
exposed to short-term macro-environmental factors.
BORAX ARGENTINA
Borax Argentina continues to
demonstrate good progress along the path to becoming a sustainable
operational and financial business unit. The strategy of shifting
to a product mix that will drive higher average pricing, improved
margins and reducing unit costs at full production rates is
demonstrating traction.
New product development opportunities are being converted into
sales, with a program of new initiatives to be converted throughout
the 2019 financial year. Units costs continue to be controlled at
or near record lows.
OPERATIONS
Operations continue to focus on maintaining healthy stock levels
with all stock levels remaining above the minimum threshold
throughout the September quarter.
COMBINED PRODUCT SALES VOLUME BY QUARTER
Previous Year
Quarters
|
Recent
Quarters
|
December
2016
|
8,767
|
December
2017
|
8,341
|
March 2017
|
9,672
|
March 2018
|
9,079
|
June 2017
|
11,398
|
June 2018
|
10,590
|
September
2017
|
8,543
|
September
2018
|
9,407
|
TINCALAYU EXPANSION STUDY
The feasibility study on an expansion of the Tincalayu refined
borates operation is currently under internal review. Approvals
have been received for a new gas pipeline to supply the expanded
plant and initial cost estimates are under review.
MARKET CONDITIONS
The Borax business has continued to develop marketing
initiatives that reflect the changing needs of the market by
working closely with customers to understand their product
specification needs and delivery timelines. The business continues
to focus on product development and developing creative customer
solutions. Recent new product development initiatives have been
gaining traction and are being converted into sales.
Market prices continue to remain in the trough of the price
cycle and although there are some encouraging signs of market price
improvement there is still nothing definitive at this point to
signal ongoing market price improvement. These conditions continue
to underline the importance of product innovation and generating
customer solutions in order to create value.
SAFETY AND COMMUNITY
SAFETY MILESTONES
At Borax, as of 30 September the Sijes mine achieved over 1,113
days without a Lost Time Injury (LTI), Tincalayu achieved over 522
days without an LTI and Campo
Quijano had achieved more than 205 days without an LTI.
Borax continues to strengthen employee safety training to
reinforce the importance of conducting thorough onsite risk
assessments and highlighting the importance of safe operation of
vehicles both onsite and when travelling to / from work.
Unfortunately, an incident (involving a contractor) occurred at
Olaroz during September resulting in an LTI. As of 30 September,
operations had achieved 29 days without an LTI.
SHARED VALUE PROGRAM AND COMMUNITY
During the September quarter many community engagement
initiatives continued across the focus areas of the Company's
shared value program.
Education highlight for the September quarter was the
official opening of the Technical School for Chemistry in Olaroz
Chico. As part of SDJ's collaborative approach to development, the
school was constructed by the community with funds provided by the
Company and in alignment with the education priorities and programs
defined by the provincial government. The school has five
classrooms, an administrative area, a multimedia room and library,
laboratory, health services for women and men, toilets for the
disabled, a full kitchen / dining room, covered patio and space for
cultural / sporting activities. In addition to the Technical School
for Chemistry, the local secondary school will also operate within
these facilities. The construction of a student hostel is planned
so that young people from other communities in the area can also
attend.
Transparency initiatives continued, with participatory
environmental monitoring activities and presentation of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Update prepared as part of the
Company's bi-annual review process. We also participated in the
UNDP program "Participatory Environmental Governance for the
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Latin America and the Caribbean", as one of only two case studies
from Argentina on participatory
environmental monitoring with local indigenous community monitors.
One of our regular community monitors from Coranzuli was invited by
the UNDP to Panama, to share
insights on the participatory monitoring model at SDJ. To reinforce
the strength and breadth of our transparency programs, we ran a
strategic communications workshop with our communities in August to
identify and prioritise the issues and themes they are most
interested in, and the preferred nature of disclosure and
transparency on those topics.
Empowerment initiatives in our communities aim to develop
local suppliers and businesses that service both the Company and
the community. In September, the bakery 'El Mana', owned by a local
family in Olaroz Chico, was inaugurated. Born within the framework
of the 'Inclusive Business Development' program, the bakery is a
result of successful collaboration between the community of Olaroz,
SDJ and catering company Cookins.
Production and Natural Resources programs to strengthen
local artisanal production were progressed during the September
quarter, thereby stimulating local economic growth independent of
the Company's activities. The Company is progressing its fibre
spinning project in Huancar. This project aims to improve llama
fibre washing techniques, reduce water consumption, improve product
quality and maximize the productivity of local artisans. There is
now a physical space to store production equipment and conduct
technical training on production management. The Company
anticipates the equipment will be operational by November. By then,
community artisans will have completed their training in the
fundamental concepts of small business management and will be
targeting their initial product sales for December 2018.
Cultural Festivals
Each year, the September quarter
provides an opportunity for the Community to give thanks to the
Mother Earth as part of the traditional 'Pachamama Festival'. As
part of this annual South American celebration, local community
leaders, representatives of the provincial government, SDJ
personnel together with special guests presented offerings to
Mother Earth (Pachamama) to give thanks for the resources she
provides. This ceremony holds great cultural significance for our
communities and is one of the most significant cultural events in
the Community's annual calendar.
Orocobre also supports patronal festivals in the local
communities.
ADVANTAGE LITHIUM
Advantage Lithium Corp (TSV:AAL) manages a portfolio of high
quality assets in Argentina,
including the Cauchari joint venture in which Orocobre holds a 25%
interest. Orocobre also holds approximately 33.5% of the issued
shares of AAL following participation in a private placement by
Advantage in July.
CAUCHARI JV PROJECT
The Cauchari Project is located in Jujuy province in
NW Argentina and AAL also has a
100% interest in five other lithium properties that were previously
held by Orocobre totalling 85,543 hectares.
On 31 August Advantage Lithium released a NI43-101 complaint
Preliminary Economic Assessment ("PEA") for the Cauchari JV
project.
Orocobre did not release the results of this PEA as the use of
inferred resources in the study did not comply with guidance
provided by ASX and ASIC on disclosure of information of this
nature.
Advantage Lithium is conducting further drilling with the aim to
upgrade the Cauchari Inferred Resource to a higher category
(Indicated or Measured Resource) which will provide the basis for a
Feasibility Study, planned for completion in the first half of next
calendar year.
ADVANTAGE LITHIUM PRIVATE PLACEMENT
During the quarter Orocobre supported Advantage Lithium's
private placement. Advantage issued 15,585,000 Common Shares at a
price of C$0.77 per Common Share for
gross proceeds of C$12 million.
Orocobre's total investment in this capital raise was C$5 million and following completion of the
placement Orocobre now holds 33.5% of Advantage Common Shares.
PHASE 3 DRILL PROGRAM
The Phase 3 resource definition drilling program is currently
underway at the Cauchari project site. The Phase 3 program includes
additional diamond holes in the NW and SE Sectors to upgrade the
resource classification by Q2 2019 to support the Project's
Definitive Feasibility Study.
The Phase 3 drilling program is designed to provide a combined
borehole density sufficient to upgrade the current Inferred
resources to the Indicated and Measured categories. The Phase 3
drilling is also aimed at further defining resources in the Deep
Sand unit.
Currently the Phase 3 drilling and testing program is ongoing
and consists of infill resource drilling (10 core holes) to a depth
of up to 600 m.
During the September quarter the joint venture partners released
a Phase 3 drilling program update regarding the brine sampling of
diamond core holes CAU20 and CAU21 in the NW Sector of the Cauchari
JV property. The results from CAU20 and CAU21 clearly demonstrated
the consistency and quality of the brine resource which is likely
to be amenable to conventional processing techniques similar to
those undertaken at the nearby Olaroz operation.
CAUCHARI JV DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE
AAL has also completed a detailed project development schedule
and budget and is fully funded beyond the completion of the
definitive feasibility study which is targeted for completion in
the first half of 2019.
CORPORATE AND ADMINISTRATION
FINANCE
VAT
VAT refunds of approximately US$1.7
million were received on a timely basis by SDJ during the
quarter.
CASH BALANCE
As at 30 September 2018, Orocobre
corporate had available cash of US$308.7
million after supporting the Advantage Lithium capital raise
(US$4M), Cauchari JV expenditure and
early expenses on the Naraha Lithium Hydroxide Plant. Including SDJ
and Borax cash and project debt, net group cash is US$221.7 million.
No working capital financing was provided to Borax Argentina
from Orocobre during the quarter.
Corporate operating costs and foreign exchange losses for the
quarter were US$2.1 million and
US$0.1 million respectively. A
further US$6.4 million was paid for
development activities in Q1 FY19. Interest received on Term
Deposits for the quarter was US$1.6
million.
INFLATION VERSUS DEVALUATION
The AR$/US$ exchange rate weakened by 43% during the quarter
from AR$28.85/US$ at 30 June 2018 to
AR$41.25 at 30 September 2018 whilst
inflation for the same period was 14.1%. When looking at the
accumulated 12-month period from 1 October
2017 to 30 September 2018,
devaluation of the AR$ against the US$ was 138% versus inflation of
38%. This resulted in balancing US$ costs for ARS peso denominated
expenses for the period considering the delayed response in
devaluation vs inflation from the past year, resulting in lower
costs at Borax Argentina and to a lesser extent, SDJ. The effect of
inflation and devaluation over time generally shows that they
cancel each other out.
During the quarter, the Argentine government passed a decree
which levied an export duty of ARS$3 per US$1 exported. At the time such export duty was
levied, the Company calculated that such duty would result in a
cost of approximately 8% of its sales revenues, based on the
exchange rate at that time of approximately ARS$37.5/US$1. The decree states that such export duty
will remain in place until December
2020.
OTHER MATTERS
Mr Martin Perez de Solay has been
appointed as Orocobre's new Managing Director and Chief Executive
Officer and will commence in these roles following the upcoming
Annual General Meeting and a transition period with the current
Managing Director and CEO Richard
Seville.
Martin's initial focus will be on the established strategy of
optimising the operating performance of the Olaroz joint venture
and delivering the Company's growth plans for the Olaroz Stage 2
expansion and lithium hydroxide plant in Japan.
After the transition period is completed Richard will be
remaining on the Orocobre Board as a Non-Executive
Director.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
Andrew Barber
Investor
Relations Manager
Orocobre Limited
T: +61 7 3871 3985
M: +61 418 783 701
E: abarber@orocobre.com
W: www.orocobre.com.au
1 All figures presented in this report are
unaudited
2 All figures 100% Olaroz Project basis
3 PCP comparisons are relative to September 2017 quarter
4 Orocobre report price as "FOB" (Free On Board) which
excludes additional insurance and freight charges included in "CIF"
(Cost, Insurance and Freight or delivered to destination port)
pricing. The key difference between an FOB and CIF agreement is the
point at which responsibility and liability transfer from seller to
buyer. The Company's pricing is also net of TTC commissions but
excludes export taxes. FOB prices are used by the company to
provide clarity on the sales revenue that flows back to SDJ, the
joint venture company in Argentina
5 Excludes royalties, export tax and corporate costs
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SOURCE Orocobre Limited