UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

 

Filed by the Registrant    ☒                                Filed by a Party other than the Registrant    ☐

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  Preliminary Proxy Statement
  Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
  Definitive Proxy Statement
  Definitive Additional Materials
  Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-12

BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other than the Registrant)

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BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, Delaware 19809

(800) 882-0052

December 22, 2021

Dear Preferred Shareholder:

You are cordially invited to attend a joint special shareholder meeting (the “Special Meeting”) of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (“MFL”) and BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“MUI” or the “Acquiring Fund” and together with MFL, the “Funds,” and each, a “Fund”), to be held on February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern time). Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only. Shareholders will not have to travel to attend the Special Meeting, but will be able to view the Special Meeting live, have a meaningful opportunity to participate, including the ability to ask questions of management, and cast their votes by accessing a web link. Before the Special Meeting, I would like to provide you with additional background information and ask for your vote on important proposals affecting the Funds.

Preferred Shareholders of MFL: You and the common shareholders of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between MFL and the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein, including the termination of MFL’s registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the dissolution of MFL under Massachusetts law (the “Reorganization”). The Acquiring Fund has a similar investment objective and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions as MFL, although there are some differences. In addition, you are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the Reorganization.

Preferred Shareholders of the Acquiring Fund: You and the common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional common shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization. In addition, you are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

The enclosed Proxy Statement is only being delivered to the Funds’ preferred shareholders. The common shareholders of each Fund are also being asked to attend the Special Meeting and to vote with respect to the proposals described above that require the vote of the common shareholders and preferred shareholders as a single class. Each Fund is delivering to its common shareholders a separate joint proxy statement/prospectus with respect to the proposals described above.

The Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as applicable, of each Fund believes that the proposal that the preferred shareholders of its Fund are being asked to vote upon is in the best interests of its respective Fund and its shareholders and unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” such proposal.

Your vote is important. Attendance at the Special Meeting will be limited to each Fund’s shareholders as of December 7, 2021, the record date for the Special Meeting.

If your shares in a Fund are registered in your name, you may attend and participate in the Special Meeting at https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R by entering the control number found in the shaded box on your proxy card on the date and time of the Special Meeting. You may vote during the Special Meeting by following the instructions that will be available on the Special Meeting website during the Special Meeting.

 

- 1 -


If you are a beneficial shareholder of a Fund (that is if you hold your shares of a Fund through a bank, broker, financial intermediary or other nominee) and want to attend the Special Meeting you must register in advance of the Special Meeting. To register, you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy), which you can obtain from your financial intermediary or other nominee, reflecting your Fund holdings along with your name and email address to Georgeson LLC, each Fund’s tabulator. You may email an image of your legal proxy to shareholdermeetings@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) three business days prior to the Special Meeting date. You will receive a confirmation email from Georgeson LLC of your registration and a control number and security code that will allow you to vote at the Special Meeting.

Even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting, please promptly follow the enclosed instructions to submit voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet. Alternatively, you may submit voting instructions by signing and dating each proxy card or voting instruction form you receive, and if received by mail, returning it in the accompanying postage-paid return envelope.

We encourage you to carefully review the enclosed materials, which explain the proposals in more detail. As a shareholder, your vote is important, and we hope that you will respond today to ensure that your shares will be represented at the meeting. You may vote using one of the methods below by following the instructions on your proxy card or voting instruction form(s):

 

   

By touch-tone phone;

 

   

By internet;

 

   

By signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card or voting instruction form(s) in the postage-paid envelope; or

 

   

By participating at the Special Meeting as described above.

If you do not vote using one of the methods described above, you may be called by Georgeson LLC, the Funds’ proxy solicitor, to vote your shares.

If you have any questions about the proposals to be voted on or the virtual Special Meeting, please call Georgeson LLC, the firm assisting us in the solicitation of proxies, toll free at 1-888-505-9118.

As always, we appreciate your support.

Sincerely,

JOHN M. PERLOWSKI

President and Chief Executive Officer of the Funds

Please vote now. Your vote is important.

 

To avoid the wasteful and unnecessary expense of further solicitation(s), we urge you to indicate your voting instructions on the enclosed proxy card, date and sign it and return it promptly in the postage-paid envelope provided, or record your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet, no matter how large or small your holdings may be. If you submit a properly executed proxy but do not indicate how you wish your preferred shares to be voted, your preferred shares will be voted “FOR” the proposal. If your preferred shares are held through a broker, you must provide voting instructions to your broker about how to vote your preferred shares in order for your broker to vote your preferred shares as you instruct at the Special Meeting.

 

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December 22, 2021

IMPORTANT NOTICE

TO PREFERRED SHAREHOLDERS OF

BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Although we urge you to read the entire Proxy Statement, we have provided for your convenience a brief overview of some of the important questions concerning the joint special shareholder meeting (the “Special Meeting”) of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (“MFL” or the “Target Fund”) and BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“MUI” or the “Acquiring Fund” and together with MFL, the “Funds,” and each, a “Fund”) and the proposals to be voted on. It is expected that the effective date (the “Closing Date”) of the Reorganization will be sometime during the second quarter of 2022, but it may be at a different time as described in the Proxy Statement.

The enclosed Proxy Statement is being sent only to (i) the holders of Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (“VRDP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VRDP Holders”) of MFL and (ii) the holders of Variable Rate Muni Term Preferred Shares (“VMTP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VMTP Holders”) of the Acquiring Fund. Each of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is separately soliciting the votes of its holders of common shares of beneficial interest (together with the VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares of each Fund, as applicable, the “Shares”) through a separate joint proxy statement/prospectus.

 

Q:

Why is a shareholder meeting being held?

 

A:

Preferred Shareholders of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (NYSE Ticker: MFL): You and the common shareholders of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between MFL and the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein, including (i) the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s assets and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and VRDP Holders, respectively, of MFL, and which shall constitute the sole consideration to be distributed or paid to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and the VRDP Holders in respect of their common shares and VRDP Shares, respectively, and (ii) the termination by MFL of its registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the liquidation, dissolution and termination of MFL in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law (the “Reorganization”). If the Reorganization Agreement is approved, prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to the terms of MFL’s outstanding VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding VMTP Shares (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing”). If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

You are also being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the Reorganization.

Preferred Shareholders of BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE Ticker: MUI): You and the common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional common shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization Agreement (the “Issuance”).

 

i


You are also being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

The term “Combined Fund” refers to the Acquiring Fund as the surviving Fund after the consummation of the Reorganization.

The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

 

Q:

Why has each Fund’s Board recommended these proposals?

 

A:

The Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as applicable (each, a “Board” and each member thereof, a “Board Member”), of each Fund has determined that the Reorganization is in the best interests of its Fund and that the interests of existing common shareholders and preferred shareholders of its Fund will not be diluted with respect to net asset value (“NAV”) and liquidation preference, respectively, as a result of the Reorganization. The Reorganization seeks to achieve certain economies of scale and other operational efficiencies by combining two funds that have similar investment objectives and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions and portfolio compositions and are managed by the same investment adviser, BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Investment Advisor”) and portfolio management team.

In light of these similarities, the Reorganization is intended to reduce fund redundancies and create a single, larger fund that may benefit from anticipated operating efficiencies and economies of scale. The Reorganization is intended to result in the following potential benefits to common shareholders:

 

  (i)

lower net total expenses per Common Share for common shareholders of each Fund (as common shareholders of the Combined Fund following the Reorganization) due to economies of scale resulting from the larger size of the Combined Fund;

 

  (ii)

improved or the same net earnings yield on NAV for common shareholders of each Fund;

 

  (iii)

improved secondary market trading of the common shares of the Combined Fund; and

 

  (iv)

operating and administrative efficiencies for the Combined Fund, including the potential for the following:

 

  (a)

greater investment flexibility and investment options;

 

  (b)

greater diversification of portfolio investments;

 

  (c)

the ability to trade portfolio securities in larger positions and more favorable transaction terms;

 

  (d)

additional sources of leverage or more competitive leverage terms and more favorable transaction terms;

 

  (e)

benefits from having fewer closed-end funds offering similar products in the market, including an increased focus by investors on the remaining funds in the market (including the Combined Fund) and additional research coverage; and

 

  (f)

benefits from having fewer similar funds in the same fund complex, including a simplified operational model and a reduction in risk of operational, legal and financial errors.

The Board of each Fund, including Board Members thereof who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act), approved the Reorganization Agreement and the Issuance, as applicable, concluding that the Reorganization is in the best interests of its Fund and that the interests of existing common shareholders and preferred shareholders of its Fund will not be diluted with respect to NAV and liquidation preference, respectively, as a result of the Reorganization. As a result of the Reorganization, however, common and

 

ii


preferred shareholders of each Fund may hold a reduced percentage of ownership in the larger Combined Fund than they did in any of the individual Funds before the Reorganization. Each Board’s conclusion was based on each Board Member’s business judgment after consideration of all relevant factors taken as a whole with respect to its Fund and the Fund’s common and preferred shareholders, although individual Board Members may have placed different weight on various factors and assigned different degrees of materiality to various factors.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then the Investment Advisor may, in connection with ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of the Fund.

 

Q:

How will holders of preferred shares be affected by the Reorganization?

 

A:

As of the date of the enclosed Proxy Statement, MFL has VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund has VMTP Shares outstanding. As of December 6, 2021, MFL had 2,746 Series W-7 VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund had 2,871 Series W-7 VMTP Shares outstanding. Pursuant to the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, it is expected that prior to the Reorganization, all of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund will be refinanced into Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to those of the MFL VRDP Shares.

In connection with the Reorganization, and assuming that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund expects to issue 2,746 additional VRDP Shares to MFL VRDP Holders. Following the completion of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund is expected to have 5,617 VRDP Shares outstanding. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

Assuming the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for the MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as

 

iii


permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year special rate period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended (the “Special Rate Period”). The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

None of the expenses of the Reorganization are expected to be borne by the VMTP Holders or the VRDP Holders, as applicable, of the Funds.

Following the Reorganization, the VRDP Holders of each Fund will be VRDP Holders of the larger Combined Fund that will have a larger asset base and more VRDP Shares outstanding than either Fund individually before the Reorganization. With respect to matters requiring all preferred shareholders to vote separately or common and preferred shareholders to vote together as a single class, following the Reorganization, VRDP Holders of the Combined Fund may hold a smaller percentage of the outstanding preferred shares of the Combined Fund as compared to their percentage holdings of outstanding preferred shares of their respective Fund prior to the Reorganization.

 

Q:

How similar are the Funds?

 

A:

The Funds have the same investment adviser, officers and trustees. MFL is formed as a Massachusetts business trust, and the Acquiring Fund is formed as a Maryland corporation.

Each of the Acquiring Fund and MFL has its common shares listed on the NYSE. MFL has privately placed VRDP Shares outstanding. The Acquiring Fund has privately placed VMTP Shares outstanding. The Acquiring Fund is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli. MFL is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Theodore R. Jaeckel, Jr. and Walter O’Connor. The Combined Fund will be managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli.

The investment objective, significant investment strategies and operating policies, and investment restrictions of the Combined Fund will be those of the Acquiring Fund, which are similar to those of MFL, although there are some differences.

Investment Objective:

 

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

The Fund’s investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal income tax and to provide the opportunity to own shares the value of which is exempt from Florida intangible personal property tax.*    The Fund’s investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from federal income taxes.

 

  *

The State of Florida repealed the Florida Intangible Tax as of January 2007. As a result, on September 12, 2008, the Board of Trustees of MFL voted unanimously to approve the Fund investing in Municipal Bonds regardless of geographic location. If Florida were to reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax, however, MFL would be required to realign its portfolio such that at substantially all of its assets would be invested in Florida Municipal Bonds or obtain shareholder approval to amend the Fund’s fundamental investment objective to remove references to the Florida Intangible Tax. There can be no assurance that the State of Florida will not reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax in the future. There can also be no assurance that the reinstatement of the Florida Intangible Tax or the adoption of a state income tax will not have a material adverse effect on MFL or will not impair the ability of MFL to achieve its investment objectives.

 

iv


Municipal Bonds: Below is a comparison of each Fund’s 80% investment policy with respect to municipal bonds, the interest of which is exempt from federal income tax.

 

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

At all times, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets is invested in municipal obligations, the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from federal income tax, except during interim periods pending investment of the net proceeds of public offerings of its securities and during temporary defensive periods.    The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, as a fundamental policy, at least 80% of its net assets (including assets acquired from the sale of preferred stock), plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in a portfolio of municipal obligations the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (except that the interest may be includable in taxable income for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax).

Investment Grade Securities: Below is a comparison of each Fund’s policy with respect to investment in investment grade quality securities. Investment grade quality means that such bonds are rated, at the time of investment, within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc., S&P Global Ratings or Fitch Ratings) or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Investment Advisor.

 

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of long-term, investment grade municipal obligations, the interest of which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from federal income tax.    Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 75% of its total assets in a portfolio of investment grade quality municipal bonds or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the investment adviser, at the time of investment.

Bond Maturity: Below is a comparison of each Fund’s policy with respect to bond maturity.

 

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in municipal obligations with remaining maturities of one year or more.    The Fund has no set policy with respect to maturity of investments. For temporary periods or to provide liquidity, the Fund has the authority to invest as much as 20% of its total assets in tax exempt and taxable money market obligations with a maturity of one year or less.

Leverage: Each Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of either VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares and TOBs. See “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Leverage;” “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Leverage Risk;” and “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Tender Option Bond Risk.” MFL currently leverages its assets through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the issuance of VMTP Shares and TOBs and is expected to continue to leverage its assets after the Closing Date of the Reorganization through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” in the Proxy Statement for additional information about the preferred shares of each Fund.

The annualized dividend rates for the preferred shares for each Fund’s most recent fiscal year end were as follows:

 

Fund

   Preferred Shares      Rate  

Target Fund (MFL)

     VRDP Shares        0.91

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

     VMTP Shares        1.03

 

v


Please see below a comparison of certain important ratios related to (i) each Fund’s use of leverage as of December 6, 2021 and (ii) the Combined Fund’s estimated use of leverage, assuming the Reorganization had taken place as of December 6, 2021.

 

Ratios

   Target Fund
(MFL)
    Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
    Pro forma
Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)
 

Asset Coverage Ratio

     310.2     312.1     311.2

Regulatory Leverage Ratio(1)

     32.2     32.0     32.1

Effective Leverage Ratio(2)

     38.7     38.1     38.4

 

  (1) 

Regulatory leverage consists of preferred shares issued by the Fund, which is a part of the Fund’s capital structure. Regulatory leverage is sometimes referred to as “1940 Act Leverage” and is subject to asset coverage limits set forth in the 1940 Act.

 

  (2) 

Effective leverage is a Fund’s effective economic leverage, and includes both regulatory leverage and the leverage effects of certain derivative investments in the Fund’s portfolio. Currently, the leverage effects of TOB inverse floater holdings, in addition to any regulatory leverage, are included in effective leverage ratios.

 

Q:

How will the Reorganization be effected?

 

A:

Assuming the Reorganization receives the requisite shareholder approvals, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, and assuming the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund will acquire substantially all of MFL’s assets and assume substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to MFL shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares). MFL will then terminate its registration under the 1940 Act and liquidate, dissolve and terminate in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

Shareholders of MFL will become shareholders of the Acquiring Fund. Common shareholders of MFL will receive newly issued common shares of the Acquiring Fund, par value $0.10 per share, the aggregate NAV (not the market value) of which will equal the aggregate NAV (not the market value) of the common shares of MFL such shareholders held immediately prior to the Closing Date (although common shareholders of MFL may receive cash for fractional common shares). The aggregate NAV of MFL immediately prior to the Reorganization will reflect accrued expenses associated with the Reorganization. The NAV of MFL common shares will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. The common shareholders of each Fund have substantially similar voting rights and rights with respect to the payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon liquidation of their respective Fund and have no preemptive, conversion or exchange rights.

On the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued.

The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund.

 

vi


The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same Special Rate Period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such Special Rate Period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding MFL VRDP Shares have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding MFL VRDP Shares are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

Shareholders of the Acquiring Fund will remain shareholders of the Acquiring Fund, which will have additional common shares and VRDP Shares outstanding after the Reorganization.

 

Q:

Will I have to pay any U.S. federal income taxes as a result of the Reorganization?

 

A:

The Reorganization is intended to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. If the Reorganization so qualifies, in general, shareholders of MFL will recognize no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of their common shares for Acquiring Fund Shares pursuant to the Reorganization (except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional common shares). Additionally, MFL will recognize no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes by reason of the Reorganization. Neither the Acquiring Fund nor its shareholders will recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to the Reorganization.

As discussed above, shareholders of each Fund may receive distributions prior to, or after, the consummation of the Reorganization, including distributions attributable to their proportionate share of each Fund’s undistributed net investment income declared prior to the consummation of the Reorganization or the Combined Fund built-in gains, if any, recognized after the Reorganization, when such income and gains are eventually distributed by the Combined Fund. To the extent that such a distribution is not an “exempt interest dividend” (as defined in the Code), the distribution may be taxable to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Funds’ shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization, as well as the effects of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws, including possible changes in tax laws.

 

Q:

Will I have to pay any sales load, commission or other similar fees in connection with the Reorganization?

 

A:

You will pay no sales loads or commissions in connection with the Reorganization. Regardless of whether the Reorganization is completed, however, the costs associated with the Reorganization, including the costs associated with the Special Meeting, will be borne directly by each of the respective Funds incurring the expense as discussed more fully in the Proxy Statement.

 

vii


Common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and MFL will indirectly bear a portion of the costs of the Reorganization. The expenses of the Reorganization are estimated to be approximately $415,990 for the Acquiring Fund and $438,816 for MFL. The Acquiring Fund will bear approximately $373,448 of its estimated Reorganization expenses and MFL will bear $353,291 of its estimated Reorganization expenses, with any costs in excess of such amounts to be borne by the Investment Advisor. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be approximately $319,212. The Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.

VMTP Holders and VRDP Holders, as applicable, are not expected to bear any costs of the Reorganization.

Neither the Funds nor the Investment Advisor will pay any direct expenses of shareholders arising out of or in connection with the Reorganization (e.g., expenses incurred by the shareholder as a result of attending the Special Meeting, voting on the Reorganization or other action taken by the shareholder in connection with the Reorganization).

 

Q:

What shareholder approvals are required to complete the Reorganization?

 

A:

The Reorganization is contingent upon the following approvals:

 

  1.

The approval of the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, the dissolution of MFL under Massachusetts law, by MFL’s common shareholders and VRDP Holders voting as a single class;

 

  2.

The approval of the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including the termination of MFL’s registration under the 1940 Act and the dissolution of MFL under Massachusetts law, by MFL’s VRDP Holders voting as a separate class;

 

  3.

The approval of the Issuance with respect to the Reorganization by the Acquiring Fund’s common shareholders and Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders voting as a single class; and

 

  4.

The approval of the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein by Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders voting as a separate class.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then the Funds would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

If the requisite shareholder approvals for the Reorganization are not obtained, the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed or the Reorganization is not otherwise consummated, the Board of each Fund may take such actions as it deems in the best interests of the respective Fund, including conducting additional solicitations with respect to the Reorganization or continuing to operate the Fund as a standalone Massachusetts business trust or Maryland corporation, as applicable, registered under the 1940 Act as a closed-end management investment company advised by the Investment Advisor. The Investment Advisor may, in connection with the ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of each Fund.

In order for the Reorganization to occur, each Fund must obtain all requisite shareholder approvals with respect to the Reorganization, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. Because the closing of the Reorganization is contingent upon MFL and the Acquiring Fund obtaining the requisite shareholder approvals and third-party consents and satisfying (or obtaining the waiver of) other closing conditions, it is possible that the Reorganization will not occur, even if shareholders of a Fund entitled to vote on the Reorganization approve the Reorganization and such Fund satisfies all of its closing conditions, if the other Fund does not obtain its requisite shareholder approvals or satisfy its closing conditions.

The preferred shares were issued on a private placement basis to one or a small number of institutional holders. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information. To the

 

viii


extent that one or more preferred shareholder of MFL or the Acquiring Fund owns, holds or controls, individually or in the aggregate, all or a significant portion of such Fund’s outstanding preferred shares, the preferred shareholder approval required for the Reorganization may turn on the exercise of voting rights by such particular preferred shareholder(s) and its (or their) determination as to the favorability of the Reorganization with respect to its (or their) interests. The Funds exercise no influence or control over the determinations of such preferred shareholder(s) with respect to the Reorganization; there is no guarantee that such preferred shareholder(s) will approve the Reorganization, over which it (or they) may exercise effective disposition power.

 

Q:

Why is the vote of shareholders of the Acquiring Fund being solicited in connection with the Reorganization?

 

A:

The rules of the New York Stock Exchange (on which the Acquiring Fund common shares are listed) require the Acquiring Fund’s shareholders to approve the Issuance with respect to the Reorganization. If the Issuance is not approved, then the Reorganization will not occur.

We are also seeking the approval of the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein by the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders voting as a separate class pursuant to the governing document of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares. If Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders do not approve the Reorganization Agreement as a separate class, then the Reorganization will not occur.

 

Q:

How does the Board of my Fund suggest that I vote?

 

A:

After careful consideration, the Board of your Fund unanimously recommends that you vote “FOR” the proposal(s) relating to your Fund.

 

Q:

When and where will the Special Meeting be held?

 

A:

The Special Meeting will be held on February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern Time). Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Special Meeting will be held in virtual meeting format only. Shareholders will not have to travel to attend the Special Meeting, but will be able to view the Special Meeting live and cast their votes by accessing a web link. The Special Meeting will provide shareholders with a meaningful opportunity to participate, including the ability to ask questions of management. To support these efforts, the Funds will:

 

   

Provide for shareholders to begin logging into the Special Meeting at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern time) on February 4, 2022, thirty minutes in advance of the Special Meeting.

 

   

Permit shareholders attending the Special Meeting to submit questions via live webcast during the Special Meeting by following the instructions available on the meeting website during the Special Meeting. Questions relevant to Special Meeting matters will be answered during the Special Meeting, subject to time constraints.

 

   

Engage with and respond to shareholders who ask questions relevant to Special Meeting matters that are not answered during the Special Meeting due to time constraints.

 

Q:

How do I vote my proxy?

 

A:

Shareholders of record of each Fund as of the close of business on December 7, 2021 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. You may cast your vote by mail, phone, internet or by participating at the Special Meeting as described below.

To vote by mail, please mark your vote on the enclosed proxy card and sign, date and return the card in the postage-paid envelope provided.

 

ix


If you choose to vote by phone or internet, please refer to the instructions found on the proxy card accompanying the Proxy Statement. To vote by phone or internet, you will need the “control number” that appears on the proxy card. In addition, we ask that you please note the following:

If your shares in a Fund are registered in your name, you may attend and participate in the Special Meeting at https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R by entering the control number found in the shaded box in your proxy card on the date and timing of the Special Meeting. You may vote during the Special Meeting by following the instructions that will be available on the Special Meeting website during the Special Meeting.

Also, if you are a beneficial shareholder of a Fund, you will not be able to vote at the virtual Special Meeting unless you have registered in advance to attend the Special Meeting. To register, you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy), which you can obtain from your financial intermediary or other nominee, reflecting your Fund holdings along with your name and email address to Georgeson LLC (“Georgeson”), each Fund’s tabulator. You may email an image of your legal proxy to shareholdermeetings@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) three business days prior to the Special Meeting date. You will receive a confirmation email from Georgeson of your registration and a control number and security code that will allow you to vote at the Special Meeting.

Even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting, please promptly follow the enclosed instructions to submit voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet. Alternatively, you may submit voting instructions by signing and dating each proxy card you receive, and if received by mail, returning it in the accompanying postage-paid return envelope.

 

Q:

Whom do I contact for further information?

 

A:

You may contact your financial advisor for further information. You may also call Georgeson, the Funds’ proxy solicitor, at 1-888-505-9118.

 

Q:

Will anyone contact me?

 

A:

You may receive a call from Georgeson, the proxy solicitor hired by the Funds, to verify that you received your proxy materials, to answer any questions you may have about the proposals and to encourage you to vote your proxy.

We recognize the inconvenience of the proxy solicitation process and would not impose on you if we did not believe that the matters being proposed were important. Once your vote has been registered with the proxy solicitor, your name will be removed from the solicitor’s follow-up contact list.

Your vote is very important. We encourage you as a shareholder to participate by returning your vote as soon as possible. If enough shareholders fail to cast their votes, a Fund may not be able to hold the Special Meeting or the vote on the applicable proposals, and will be required to incur additional solicitation costs in order to obtain sufficient shareholder participation.

Important additional information about the Reorganization is set

forth in the accompanying Proxy Statement.

Please read it carefully.

 

x


BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, Delaware 19809

(800) 882-0052

NOTICE OF JOINT SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 4, 2021

Notice is hereby given that a joint special meeting of shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (NYSE Ticker: MFL) (“MFL”) and BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE Ticker: MUI) (“MUI” or the “Acquiring Fund,” and together with MFL, the “Funds,” and each, a “Fund”) will be held on February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern time) for the following purposes:

Proposal 1: The Reorganization of the Funds

For Shareholders of MFL:

Proposal 1(A): The common shareholders and holders of Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (“VRDP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VRDP Holders”) of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between MFL and the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein, including (i) the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s assets and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and VRDP Holders, respectively, of MFL, and which shall constitute the sole consideration to be distributed or paid to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and the VRDP Holders in respect of their common shares and VRDP Shares, respectively, and (ii) the termination by MFL of its registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the liquidation, dissolution and termination of MFL in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law (the “Reorganization”). If the Reorganization Agreement is approved, prior to the effective date of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to the terms of MFL’s outstanding VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding Variable Rate Muni Term Preferred Shares (“VMTP Shares”) (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing”). If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the effective date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

Proposal 1(B): The VRDP Holders of MFL are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the Reorganization.

For Shareholders of the Acquiring Fund:

Proposal 1(C): The holders of VMTP Shares (“VMTP Holders”) of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

Proposal 2: The Issuance of Additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares

Proposal 2: The common shareholders and VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional common shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization Agreement (the “Issuance”).

 

i


The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

Shareholders of record of each Fund as of the close of business on December 7, 2021 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

The Funds are soliciting the vote of their common shareholders on Proposal 1(A) and Proposal 2 through the joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Each Fund is separately soliciting the votes of its respective preferred shareholders on each proposal through a separate proxy statement and not through the joint proxy statement/prospectus.

Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only. Shareholders will not have to travel to attend the Special Meeting but will be able to view the meeting live, have a meaningful opportunity to participate, including the ability to ask questions of management, and cast their votes by accessing a web link.

All shareholders are cordially invited to attend the Special Meeting. In order to avoid delay and additional expense for the Funds and to assure that your shares are represented, please vote as promptly as possible, regardless of whether or not you plan to attend the Special Meeting. You may vote by mail, by telephone or over the Internet. To vote by mail, please mark, sign, date and mail the enclosed proxy card or voting instruction form. No postage is required if mailed in the United States. To vote by telephone, please call the toll-free number located on your proxy card or voting instruction form and follow the recorded instructions. To vote over the Internet, go to the Internet address provided on your proxy card or voting instruction form and follow the instructions.

If your shares in a Fund are registered in your name, you may attend and participate in the Special Meeting at https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R by entering the control number found in the shaded box on your proxy card on the date and time of the Special Meeting. You may vote during the Special Meeting by following the instructions that will be available on the Special Meeting website during the Special Meeting.

If you are a beneficial shareholder of a Fund (that is if you hold your Fund shares through a bank, broker, financial intermediary or other nominee) and want to attend the Special Meeting you must register in advance of the Special Meeting. To register, you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy), which you can obtain from your financial intermediary or other nominee, reflecting your Fund holdings along with your name and email address to Georgeson LLC, each Fund’s tabulator. You may email an image of your legal proxy to shareholdermeetings@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) three business days prior to the Special Meeting date. You will receive a confirmation email from Georgeson LLC of your registration and a control number and security code that will allow you to vote at the Special Meeting.

Even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting, please promptly follow the enclosed instructions to submit voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet. Alternatively, you may submit voting instructions by signing and dating each proxy card or voting instruction form you receive, and if received by mail, returning it in the accompanying postage-paid return envelope.

A list of the Target Fund’s shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting, and their addresses, will be available electronically for inspection by any record shareholder of the Target

 

ii


Fund beginning two business days after notice is given of the Special Meeting and continuing through the Special Meeting. Shareholders interested in inspecting the list of shareholders for their respective Fund should contact Georgeson LLC at blackrockcef@georgeson.com for additional information.

The officers or trustees of each Fund named as proxies by shareholders may participate in the Special Meeting by remote communications, including, without limitation, by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the Special Meeting can hear and be heard by each other, and the participation of such officers or trustees in the Special Meeting pursuant to any such communications system shall constitute presence at the Special Meeting.

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OR BOARD OF DIRECTORS, AS APPLICABLE (EACH, A “BOARD”), OF EACH OF THE FUNDS RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE YOUR SHARES BY INDICATING YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD, DATING AND SIGNING SUCH PROXY CARD AND RETURNING IT IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED, WHICH IS ADDRESSED FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE AND NEEDS NO POSTAGE IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES, OR BY RECORDING YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS BY TELEPHONE OR VIA THE INTERNET.

THE BOARD OF EACH FUND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU CAST YOUR VOTE FOR THE REORGANIZATION AGREEMENT AND FOR THE ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL COMMON SHARES, OF THE ACQUIRING FUND, AS APPLICABLE, IN EACH CASE, AS DESCRIBED IN THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS FOR COMMON SHAREHOLDERS OR THE PROXY STATEMENT FOR PREFERRED SHAREHOLDERS, AS APPLICABLE.

IN ORDER TO AVOID THE ADDITIONAL EXPENSE OF FURTHER SOLICITATION, WE ASK THAT YOU MAIL YOUR PROXY CARD OR RECORD YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS BY TELEPHONE OR VIA THE INTERNET PROMPTLY.

For the Board of each Fund

JOHN M. PERLOWSKI

President and Chief Executive Officer of the Funds

December 22, 2021

 

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT.

PLEASE VOTE PROMPTLY BY SIGNING AND RETURNING THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD OR BY RECORDING YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS BY TELEPHONE OR VIA THE INTERNET, NO

MATTER HOW MANY SHARES YOU OWN.

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE JOINT SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 4, 2022.

THE PROXY STATEMENT FOR THIS MEETING IS AVAILABLE AT:

WWW.PROXY-DIRECT.COM/BLK-32392

 

iii


PROXY STATEMENT

Dated December 22, 2021

BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

100 Bellevue Parkway

Wilmington, Delaware 19809

(800) 882-0052

This Proxy Statement is furnished to you as a holder of (i) Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (“VRDP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VRDP Holders”) of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (NYSE Ticker: MFL) (“MFL” or the “Target Fund”) and/or (ii) Variable Rate Muni Term Preferred Shares (“VMTP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VMTP Holders”) of BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE Ticker: MUI) (“MUI” or the “Acquiring Fund” and together with MFL, the “Funds,” and each, a “Fund”) in connection with the solicitation of proxies by each Fund’s Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as applicable (the “Board,” the members of which are referred to as “Board Members”). The proxies will be voted at the joint special meeting of the shareholders of each Fund and at any and all adjournments, postponements and delays thereof (the “Special Meeting”). The Special Meeting will be held on February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern time) to consider the proposals set forth below and discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only. Shareholders will not have to travel to attend the Special Meeting, but will be able to view the meeting live, have a meaningful opportunity to participate, including the ability to ask questions of management, and cast their votes by accessing a web link. If you are unable to attend the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, the Board of your Fund recommends that you vote your preferred shares, by completing and returning the enclosed proxy card or by recording your voting instructions by telephone or via the internet. The approximate mailing date of this Proxy Statement and accompanying form of proxy is December 22, 2021.

The purposes of the Special Meeting are:

Proposal 1: The Reorganization of the Funds

For Shareholders of MFL:

Proposal 1(A): The common shareholders and the VRDP Holders of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between MFL and the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein, including (i) the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s assets and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and VRDP Holders, respectively, of MFL, and which shall constitute the sole consideration to be distributed or paid to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and the VRDP Holders in respect of their common shares and VRDP Shares, respectively, and (ii) the termination by MFL of its registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the liquidation, dissolution and termination of MFL in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law (the “Reorganization”). If the Reorganization Agreement is approved, prior to the Closing Date (as defined below) of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to the terms of MFL’s outstanding VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding VMTP Shares (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing”). If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the effective date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

 

i


Proposal 1(B): The VRDP Holders of MFL are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the Reorganization.

For Shareholders of the Acquiring Fund:

Proposal 1(C): The VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.

Proposal 2: The Issuance of Additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares

Proposal 2: The common shareholders and VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional common shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization Agreement (the “Issuance”).

It is expected that the effective date of the Reorganization (the “Closing Date”) will be sometime during the second quarter of 2022, but they may be at a different time as described herein. The term “Combined Fund” refers to the Acquiring Fund as the surviving Fund after the consummation of the Reorganization.

The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

The Board of each Fund has determined that including these proposals applicable to preferred shareholders of the Funds in one Proxy Statement will reduce costs and is in the best interest of each Fund’s shareholders.

Distribution to the shareholders of this Proxy Statement and the accompanying materials will commence on or about December 22, 2021.

Shareholders of record of each Fund as of the close of business on December 7, 2021 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Shareholders of each Fund are entitled to one vote for each common share or VRDP Share or VMTP Share, as applicable (each, a “Share”), held, with no Shares having cumulative voting rights. Preferred shareholders of each Fund will have equal voting rights with the common shareholders of such Fund with respect to the proposals that require the vote of the Fund’s VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, and common shares as a single class. The quorum and voting requirements for each Fund are described in the section herein entitled “Vote Required and Manner of Voting Proxies.”

This Proxy Statement is only being delivered to the preferred shareholders of each Fund. Each Fund is separately soliciting the votes of its respective common shareholders on each of the foregoing proposals that require the vote of the common shareholders and preferred shareholders as a single class through a separate joint proxy statement/prospectus and not through this Proxy Statement

MFL is formed as a Massachusetts business trust. The Acquiring Fund is formed as a Maryland corporation. Each of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Reorganization seeks to achieve certain economies of scale and other operational efficiencies by combining two funds that have similar investment objectives and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions.

 

ii


Assuming the Reorganization receives the necessary approvals, the Acquiring Fund will acquire substantially all of the assets and assume substantially all of the liabilities of MFL in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund in the form of book-entry interests. The Acquiring Fund will list the newly issued common shares on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). Such newly issued Acquiring Fund Shares will be distributed to MFL shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and MFL will terminate its registration under the 1940 Act and liquidate, dissolve and terminate in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law. The Acquiring Fund will continue to operate after the Reorganization as a registered, diversified, closed-end management investment company with the investment objective, investment strategies, investment policies and investment restrictions described in this Proxy Statement.

The Fund(s) in which you owned Shares on the Record Date is named on the proxy card. If you owned Shares in both Funds on the Record Date, you will receive more than one proxy card. Even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting, please sign, date and return EACH proxy card you receive or, if you provide voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet, please vote on each proposal affecting EACH Fund you own. If you vote by telephone or via the Internet, you will be asked to enter a unique code that has been assigned to you, which is printed on your proxy card(s). This code is designed to confirm your identity, provide access into the voting website and confirm that your voting instructions are properly recorded.

All properly executed proxies received prior to the Special Meeting will be voted in accordance with the instructions marked thereon or otherwise as provided therein. On any matter coming before the Special Meeting as to which a shareholder has specified a choice on that shareholder’s proxy, the Shares will be voted accordingly. If a proxy card is properly executed and returned and no choice is specified with respect to a proposal, the Shares will be voted “FOR” the proposal. Shareholders who execute proxies or provide voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet may revoke them with respect to a proposal at any time before a vote is taken on the proposal by filing with the applicable Fund a written notice of revocation (addressed to the Secretary of the Fund at the principal executive offices of the Fund at the New York address provided herein), by delivering a duly executed proxy bearing a later date or by attending the Special Meeting and voting by ballot, in all cases prior to the exercise of the authority granted in the proxy card. Merely attending the Special Meeting, however, will not revoke any previously executed proxy. If you hold Shares through a bank or other intermediary, please consult your bank or intermediary regarding your ability to revoke voting instructions after such instructions have been provided.

If your shares in a Fund are registered in your name, you may attend and participate in the Special Meeting at https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R by entering the control number found in the shaded box on your proxy card on the date and time of the Special Meeting. You may vote during the Special Meeting by following the instructions that will be available on the Special Meeting website during the Special Meeting.

The Special Meeting will provide shareholders with a meaningful opportunity to participate, including the ability to ask questions of management. To support these efforts, the Funds will:

 

   

Provide for shareholders to begin logging into the Special Meeting at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern time) on February 4, 2022, thirty minutes in advance of the Special Meeting.

 

   

Permit shareholders attending the Special Meeting to submit questions via live webcast during the Special Meeting by following the instructions available on the meeting website during the Special Meeting. Questions relevant to Meeting matters will be answered during the Special Meeting, subject to time constraints.

 

   

Engage with and respond to shareholders who ask questions relevant to Special Meeting matters that are not answered during the Special Meeting due to time constraints.

 

iii


If you are a beneficial shareholder of a Fund (that is if you hold your Fund shares through a bank, broker, financial intermediary or other nominee) and want to attend the Special Meeting you must register in advance of the Special Meeting. To register, you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy), which you can obtain from your financial intermediary or other nominee, reflecting your Fund holdings along with your name and email address to Georgeson LLC, each Fund’s tabulator. You may email an image of your legal proxy to shareholdermeetings@computershare.com. Requests for registration must be received no later than 5:00 p.m. (Eastern time) three business days prior to the Special Meeting date. You will receive a confirmation email from Georgeson LLC of your registration and a control number and security code that will allow you to vote at the Special Meeting.

Even if you plan to attend the Special Meeting, please promptly follow the enclosed instructions to submit voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet. Alternatively, you may submit voting instructions by signing and dating each proxy card you receive, and if received by mail, returning it in the accompanying postage-paid return envelope.

For information regarding how to access the Special Meeting, please contact Georgeson LLC, the firm assisting us in the solicitation of proxies, toll free at 1-888-505-9118.

This Proxy Statement sets forth concisely the information that preferred shareholders of each Fund should know before voting on the proposals set forth herein. Please read it carefully and retain it for future reference. Copies of each Fund’s most recent annual report and semi-annual report can be obtained on a website maintained by BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) at www.blackrock.com. In addition, each Fund will furnish, without charge, a copy of its most recent annual report or semi-annual report to any shareholder upon request. Any such request should be directed to BlackRock by calling (800) 882-0052 or by writing to the respective Fund at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809. The annual and semi-annual reports of each Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The address of the principal executive offices of the Funds is 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, and the telephone number is (800) 882-0052.

Each Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and the 1940 Act and, in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy statements, proxy materials and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Materials filed with the SEC can be downloaded from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also request copies of these materials, upon payment at the prescribed rates of a duplicating fee, by electronic request to the SEC’s e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov). Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the Funds may also be inspected at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.

BlackRock updates performance information and certain other data for the Funds on a monthly basis on its website in the “Closed-End Funds” section of www.blackrock.com as well as certain other material information as necessary from time to time. Investors and others are advised to check the website for updated performance information and the release of other material information about the Funds. References to BlackRock’s website are intended to allow investors public access to information regarding the Funds and do not, and are not intended to, incorporate BlackRock’s website in this Proxy Statement.

Please note that only one copy of shareholder documents, including annual or semi-annual reports and proxy materials, may be delivered to two or more shareholders of the Funds who share an address, unless the Funds have received instructions to the contrary. This practice is commonly called “householding” and it is intended to reduce expenses and eliminate duplicate mailings of shareholder documents. Mailings of your shareholder documents may be householded indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. To request a separate copy of any shareholder document or for instructions as to how to request a separate copy of these documents or as to how to request a single copy if multiple copies of these documents are received, shareholders should contact the respective Fund at the address and phone number set forth above.

 

iv


The common shares of BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “MUI” and will continue to be so listed after the completion of the Reorganization. The common shares of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund are listed on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “MFL.” The preferred shares of each Fund are not listed on any exchange and have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), or any state securities laws, and unless so registered under the Securities Act, may not be offered, sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, encumbered or otherwise disposed of except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Accordingly, the VRDP Shares to be issued in the Reorganizations are expected to be issued only to holders of VRDP Shares of MFL that are “qualified institutional buyers” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) in accordance with the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and are subject to restrictions on transfer.

 

v


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

SUMMARY

     1  

PROPOSAL 1—THE REORGANIZATION OF THE FUNDS

     10  

Description of the Reorganization

     10  

The Board’s Recommendation

     12  

REASONS FOR THE REORGANIZATIONS

     14  

TERMS OF THE REORGANIZATION AGREEMENTS

     23  

Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

     23  

Amendments and Conditions

     23  

Postponement; Termination

     24  

Book-Entry Interests

     24  

Expenses of the Reorganizations

     24  

APPRAISAL RIGHTS

     26  

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REORGANIZATION

     27  

PROPOSAL 2—ISSUANCE OF ACQUIRING FUND COMMON SHARES

     30  

INFORMATION ABOUT THE PREFERRED SHARES OF THE FUNDS

     31  

Description of the VRDP Shares of MFL

     33  

Description of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund

     36  

RISK FACTORS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

     38  

Comparison of Risks

     38  

General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund

     38  

A DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS

     68  

The Investment Advisor

     73  

Portfolio Management

     74  

Other Service Providers

     75  

Accounting Agent

     75  

Custody of Assets

     76  

Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar

     76  

VRDP Shares Tender and Paying Agent; VMTP Shares Redemption and Paying Agent

     76  

THE ACQUIRING FUND’S INVESTMENTS

     77  

THE TARGET FUND’S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

     100  

INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMMON SHARES OF THE FUNDS

     115  

General

     115  

Purchase and Sale of Common Shares

     115  

Common Share Price Data

     115  

Common Share Dividend History

     117  

Record Holders of Common Shares

     117  

EXPENSE TABLE FOR COMMON SHAREHOLDERS

     118  

CAPITALIZATION TABLE

     120  

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

     121  

MFL Financial Highlights

     122  

The Acquiring Fund (MUI) Financial Highlights

     124  

CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATIONS OF TRUST, CHARTER AND BYLAWS

     129  

GOVERNING LAW

     131  

CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND

     132  


VOTE REQUIRED AND MANNER OF VOTING PROXIES

     133  

Record Date

     133  

Proxies

     133  

Voting Requirement for Proposal 1: The Reorganization of the Funds

     134  

Voting Requirement for Proposal 2: The Issuance of Acquiring Fund Common Shares

     135  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     136  

5% Beneficial Share Ownership

     137  

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     137  

Legal Matters

     137  

Submission of Shareholder Proposals

     137  

Shareholder Communications

     137  

Expense of Proxy Solicitation

     138  

If You Plan to Attend the Special Meeting

     138  

Privacy Principles of the Funds

     139  

Incorporation by Reference

     139  

Adjournments and Postponements

     139  
APPENDIX A    FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION      A-1  
APPENDIX B    FUNDAMENTAL AND NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS      B-1  
APPENDIX C    DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS      C-1  


SUMMARY

The following is a summary of certain information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more complete information contained in this Proxy Statement. Shareholders should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully.

 

The Reorganization    Assuming the Reorganization receives the requisite shareholder approvals, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, the Acquiring Fund will acquire substantially all of the assets and assume substantially all of the liabilities of MFL in exchange solely for newly issued Acquiring Fund Shares in the form of book-entry interests. The Acquiring Fund will list the newly issued common shares on the NYSE. Such newly issued Acquiring Fund Shares will be distributed to MFL shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and MFL will terminate its registration under the 1940 Act and liquidate, dissolve and terminate in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law. The Acquiring Fund will continue to operate after the Reorganization as a registered, diversified, closed-end management investment company with the investment objective, investment strategies, investment policies and investment restrictions described in this Proxy Statement.
   If the Reorganization Agreement is approved, prior to the Closing Date, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to the terms of MFL’s outstanding VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding VMTP Shares (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing”). If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.
   On the Closing Date of the Reorganization, each outstanding VRDP Share of MFL will, without any action on the part of the holder thereof, be exchanged for one newly issued VRDP Share of the Acquiring Fund. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.
   The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory

 

1


   redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year special rate period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended (the “Special Rate Period”). The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.
  

Subject to the requisite approval of the shareholders of each Fund with respect to the Reorganization and the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL, it is expected that the Closing Date of the Reorganization will be sometime during the second quarter of 2022, but it may be at a different time as described herein.

 

The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

   If the requisite shareholder approvals for the Reorganization are not obtained, or the Reorganization is not otherwise consummated, the Board of each Fund may take such actions as it deems in the best interests of the respective Fund, including conducting additional solicitations with respect to the Reorganization or continuing to operate the Fund as a standalone Massachusetts business trust or Maryland corporation, as applicable, registered under the 1940 Act as a closed-end management investment company advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Investment Advisor”). The Investment Advisor may, in connection with the ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of such Fund.
Background and Reasons for the Reorganization    The proposed Reorganization seeks to achieve certain economies of scale and other operational efficiencies by combining two funds that have similar investment objectives and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions and portfolio compositions and are managed by the same investment adviser.
   The proposed Reorganization is intended to result in the following potential benefits to common shareholders: (i) lower net total expenses per Common Share for common shareholders of each Fund (as common shareholders of the Combined Fund following the Reorganization) due to economies of scale resulting from the larger size of the Combined Fund; (ii) improved or the same net earnings yield on NAV for common shareholders of each Fund; (iii) improved secondary market trading of the common shares of the Combined Fund; and (iv) operating and administrative efficiencies for the Combined Fund, including the potential for the following: (a) greater investment flexibility and investment options; (b) greater diversification of portfolio investments; (c) the ability to trade in larger positions and more favorable transaction terms;

 

2


   (d) additional sources of leverage or more competitive leverage terms and more favorable transaction terms; (e) benefits from having fewer closed-end funds offering similar products in the market, including an increased focus by investors on the remaining funds in the market (including the Combined Fund) and additional research coverage; and (f) benefits from having fewer similar funds in the same fund complex, including a simplified operational model and a reduction in risk of operational, legal and financial errors.
   The Board of each Fund, including the Board Members who are not “interested persons” of each Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) (“Independent Board Members”), has unanimously approved the Reorganization, concluding that the Reorganization is in the best interests of its Fund and that the interests of existing common shareholders and preferred shareholders of its Fund will not be diluted with respect to NAV and liquidation preference, respectively, as a result of the Reorganization. As a result of the Reorganization, however, common and preferred shareholders of each Fund may hold a reduced percentage of ownership in the larger Combined Fund than they did in any of the individual Funds before the Reorganization. Each Board’s conclusion was based on each Board Member’s business judgment after consideration of all relevant factors taken as a whole with respect to its Fund and the Fund’s common and preferred shareholders, although individual Board Members may have placed different weight on various factors and assigned different degrees of materiality to various factors. Please see “Reasons for the Reorganization” for additional information about the factors considered by each Board.
   To the extent that the Reorganization is not completed, any expected expense savings by the Combined Fund, or other potential benefits resulting from the Reorganization, may be reduced.
Net and Managed Assets    As of September 21, 2021, MFL had approximately $581.1 million in net assets and approximately $945.0 million in managed assets and the Acquiring Fund had approximately $615.8 million in net assets and approximately $989.2 million in managed assets. “Managed assets” means the total assets of the relevant Fund, including any assets attributable to preferred shares and tender option bond trusts (“TOB Trusts”), minus the sum of accrued liabilities.

Preferred Shares

   As of December 6, 2021, MFL has 2,746 Series W-7 VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund has 2,871 Series W-7 VMTP Shares outstanding.
  

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the annualized dividend rate for the VRDP Shares of MFL was 0.91%.

 

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, the annualized dividend rates for the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund was 1.03%.

   Prior to the Reorganization, it is expected that all of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund will be refinanced into Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to those of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. In connection with the Reorganization, and assuming that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund expects to issue 2,746 additional VRDP Shares to MFL VRDP Holders. Following the completion of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund is expected to have 5,617 VRDP Shares outstanding. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

 

3


  

Assuming the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

 

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

   None of the expenses of the Reorganization are expected to be borne by the VMTP Holders or the VRDP Holders, as applicable, of the Funds. See “Summary—Expenses of the Reorganization” for additional information.
   Following the Reorganization, the VRDP Holders of each Fund will be VRDP Holders of the larger Combined Fund that will have a larger asset base and more

 

4


   VRDP Shares outstanding than either Fund individually before the Reorganization. With respect to matters requiring all preferred shareholders to vote separately or common and preferred shareholders to vote together as a single class, following the Reorganization, VRDP Holders of the Combined Fund may hold a smaller percentage of the outstanding preferred shares of the Combined Fund as compared to their percentage holdings of outstanding preferred shares of their respective Fund prior to the Reorganization.
   Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information.
Expenses of the Reorganization    Common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and MFL will indirectly bear a portion of the costs of the Reorganization. The expenses of the Reorganization are estimated to be approximately $415,990 for the Acquiring Fund and $438,816 for MFL. The Acquiring Fund will bear approximately $373,448 of its estimated Reorganization expenses and MFL will bear $353,291 of its estimated Reorganization expenses, with any costs in excess of such amounts to be borne by the Investment Advisor. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be approximately $319,212. The Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.
Appraisal Rights    The Declaration of Trust of MFL provides that shareholders are entitled to rights of appraisal to the same extent as a shareholder of a Massachusetts business corporation in respect of a merger, consolidation, sale or exchange of assets. However, rights of appraisal would not generally be available to shareholders of a Massachusetts business corporation in respect of a transaction structured as an exchange of all or substantially all of the property of a company followed by the dissolution of the company and the distribution to the shareholders in cash and marketable securities, of substantially all of its net assets, in excess of a reasonable amount reserved, if any, to meet unknown claims. Under Maryland law, except in limited circumstances which do not apply to the Reorganization, stockholders are not entitled to demand the fair value of their shares in connection with a reorganization if any shares of the class or series of the stock are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the common shares of the Acquiring Fund, on the Record Date.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reorganization    The Reorganization is intended to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. If the Reorganization so qualifies, in general, shareholders of MFL will recognize no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of their common shares for Acquiring Fund Shares pursuant to the Reorganization (except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional common shares). Additionally, MFL will recognize no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes by reason of the Reorganization. Neither the Acquiring Fund nor its shareholders will recognize any gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to the Reorganization.
   As discussed above, shareholders of each Fund may receive distributions prior to, or after, the consummation of the Reorganization, including distributions attributable to their proportionate share of each Fund’s undistributed net investment income declared prior to the consummation of the Reorganization or the Combined Fund built-in gains, if any, recognized after the Reorganization, when such income and gains are

 

5


   eventually distributed by the Combined Fund. To the extent that such a distribution is not an “exempt interest dividend” (as defined in the Code), the distribution may be taxable to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
   The Funds’ shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization, as well as the effects of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws, including possible changes in tax laws.
General Information and History    MFL is organized as a Massachusetts business trust. The Acquiring Fund is formed as a Maryland corporation. Each of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act.
  

Each Fund’s principal office is located at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, and its telephone number is (800) 882-0052.

The Acquiring Fund has an April 30 fiscal year end. MFL has an August 31 fiscal year end.

   The Acquiring Fund common shares are listed on the NYSE as “MUI.”
   MFL common shares are listed on the NYSE as “MFL.”
   MFL has VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund has VMTP Shares outstanding. Each Fund’s preferred shares are not listed on a national stock exchange and have not been registered under the Securities Act, or any state securities laws, and unless so registered, may not be offered, sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, encumbered or otherwise disposed of except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.
Investment Objective and Policies    The investment objective, significant investment strategies and operating policies, and investment restrictions of the Combined Fund will be those of the Acquiring Fund, which are similar to those of MFL, although there are some differences.
   Investment Objective:
  

MFL’s investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal income tax and the opportunity to own shares the value of which is exempt from Florida intangible personal property tax.1

 

The Acquiring Fund’s investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from federal income taxes.

 

The investment objective of each Fund is fundamental and may not be changed without a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.

 

1 

The State of Florida repealed the Florida Intangible Tax as of January 2007. As a result, on September 12, 2008, the Board of Trustees of MFL voted unanimously to approve the Fund investing in Municipal Bonds regardless of geographic location. If Florida were to reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax, however, MFL would be required to realign its portfolio such that at substantially all of its assets would be invested in Florida Municipal Bonds or obtain shareholder approval to amend the Fund’s fundamental investment objective to remove references to the Florida Intangible Tax. There can be no assurance that the State of Florida will not reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax in the future. There can also be no assurance that the reinstatement of the Florida Intangible Tax or the adoption of a state income tax will not have a material adverse effect on MFL or will not impair the ability of MFL to achieve its investment objectives.

 

6


   Municipal Bonds:
  

For MFL, the Fund’s investment policies provide that, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of long-term, investment grade municipal obligations, the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from federal income tax (“MFL Municipal Bonds”). At all times, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in MFL Municipal Bonds, except during interim periods pending investment of the net proceeds of public offerings of its securities and during temporary defensive periods.

 

The Acquiring Fund’s investment policies provide that the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, as a fundamental policy, at least 80% of its net assets (including assets acquired from the sale of preferred stock), plus the amount of borrowings for investment purposes, in a portfolio of municipal obligations the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (except that the interest may be includable in taxable income for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax) (“MUI Municipal Bonds”).

 

Please see below a comparison of the approximate amount invested in municipal bonds as a percentage of total assets for (i) each Fund as of December 6, 2021 and (ii) the Combined Fund, assuming the Reorganization was consummated as of December 6, 2021.

 

Target Fund

(MFL)

   Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
  Pro forma
Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)

99%

   99%   99%

 

   Investment Grade Securities:
  

For MFL, the Fund’s investment policies provide that, the Fund will invest primarily in a portfolio of long-term, investment grade MFL Municipal Bonds.

 

The Acquiring Fund’s investment policies provide that, under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 75% of its total assets in a portfolio of MUI Municipal Bonds that are investment grade or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the investment adviser, at the time of investment.

 

Investment grade quality means that such bonds are rated, at the time of investment, within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”)) or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Investment Advisor.

   Bond Maturity:
  

For MFL, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets will be invested in municipal obligations with remaining maturities of one year or more.

 

The Acquiring Fund has not set policy with respect to maturity of investments. For temporary periods or to provide liquidity, the Fund has the authority to invest as much as 20% of its total assets in tax exempt and taxable money market obligations with a maturity of one year or less.

 

7


   Leverage:
   Each Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of either VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares and TOBs. See “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Leverage;” “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Leverage Risk;” and “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Tender Option Bond Risk.” MFL currently leverages its assets through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the issuance of VMTP Shares and TOBs and is expected to continue to leverage its assets after the Closing Date of the Reorganization through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information about the preferred shares of each Fund.
   The annualized dividend rates for the preferred shares for each Fund’s most recent fiscal year end were as follows:

 

Fund

   Preferred Shares      Rate  

Target Fund (MFL)

     VRDP Shares        0.91

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

     VMTP Shares        1.03

 

   Please see below a comparison of certain important ratios related to (i) each Fund’s use of leverage as of December 6, 2021 and (ii) the Combined Fund’s estimated use of leverage, assuming the Reorganization had taken place as of December 6, 2021.

 

Ratios

   Target Fund
(MFL)
    Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
    Pro forma
Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)
 

Asset Coverage Ratio

     310.2     312.1     311.2

Regulatory Leverage Ratio(1)

     32.2     32.0     32.1

Effective Leverage Ratio(2)

     38.6     37.8     38.2

 

  (1) 

Regulatory leverage consists of preferred shares issued by the Fund, which is a part of the Fund’s capital structure. Regulatory leverage is sometimes referred to as “1940 Act Leverage” and is subject to asset coverage limits set forth in the 1940 Act.

 

  (2) 

Effective leverage is a Fund’s effective economic leverage, and includes both regulatory leverage and the leverage effects of certain derivative investments in the Fund’s portfolio. Currently, the leverage effects of TOB inverse floater holdings, in addition to any regulatory leverage, are included in effective leverage ratios.

 

Fund Management    The Board of each Fund is responsible for the overall supervision of the operations of its respective Fund and performs the various duties imposed on the trustees of investment companies by the 1940 Act and under applicable state law. Each Fund has the same Board Members and officers.
Investment Advisor    BlackRock Advisors, LLC serves as the investment adviser for each Fund and is expected to continue to serve as investment adviser for the Combined Fund.
Portfolio Management Team    MFL is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Theodore R. Jaeckel, Jr., CFA and Walter O’Connor. The Acquiring Fund is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli. Following the Reorganization, it is expected that the Combined Fund will be managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli.

 

8


Other Service Providers    The other professional service providers for the Funds are or will be as follows:
   Service    Service Providers to the Funds
   Accounting Agent    State Street Bank and Trust Company
   Custodian    State Street Bank and Trust Company
   Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar    Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
   Liquidity Provider to MFL VRDP Shares    Bank of America, N.A.
   Remarketing Agent to MFL VRDP Shares    BofA Securities, Inc.
   Tender and Paying Agent to MFL VRDP Shares; Redemption and Paying Agent to Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares    The Bank of New York Mellon
   Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    Deloitte & Touche LLP
   Fund Counsel    Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
   Counsel to the Independent Board Members    Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP

 

9


PROPOSAL 1—THE REORGANIZATION OF THE FUNDS

The Reorganizations seek to combine two funds that have the same investment adviser, the same Board Members, and similar investment objectives, and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions.

Description of the Reorganization

The Reorganization Agreement (a form of which is attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement) provides for the Acquiring Fund’s acquisition of substantially all of the assets of the Target Fund and assumption of substantially all of the liabilities of the Target Fund in exchange for newly issued Acquiring Fund common shares, with a par value $0.10 per share, and newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, with a par value of $0.10 per share and liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date). The Acquiring Fund will list the newly issued common shares on the NYSE. The Target Fund will distribute Acquiring Fund Shares received by it pro rata to its shareholders (although cash may be paid in lieu of any fractional common shares). The newly-issued Acquiring Fund Shares will be issued in the form of book-entry interests. See “—Terms of the Reorganization Agreement—Book-Entry Interests.” Such distribution of Acquiring Fund Shares to Target Fund shareholders will be accomplished by opening new accounts on the books of the Acquiring Fund in the names of the Target Fund shareholders and transferring to those shareholder accounts Acquiring Fund Shares. Each newly-opened account on the books of the Acquiring Fund for MFL VRDP Holders would represent the number of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares issued on a one-for-one basis for each such VRDP Holder’s holdings of MFL VRDP Shares.

If the Reorganization Agreement is approved by MFL shareholders, prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of outstanding VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares that will be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing will have the same $100,000 liquidation preference per share, dividend period, dividend payment date, voting rights, redemption provisions, remarketing procedures, mandatory purchase events, mandatory tender events, transfer restrictions and covenants with respect to effective leverage, asset coverage and eligible investments, mechanism for determining the applicable dividend rate and maximum rate, and the same liquidity provider, remarketing agent and tender and paying agent as the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. However, the mandatory redemption date of MFL VRDP Shares may be different from the mandatory redemption date of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will also be subject to a special rate period and the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, including the same mechanism for determining the applicable dividend rate and maximum rate, redemption premiums and transfer restrictions. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

Assuming the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, a MFL VRDP Holder will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity

 

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with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

Since the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares would be issued at a liquidation preference and value per share equal to the liquidation preference and value per share of the VRDP Shares of MFL, the interests of MFL VRDP Holders will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. If the Reorganization is approved by the requisite shareholders and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed, the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders will have their VMTP Shares redeemed by the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing.

As a result of the Reorganization, a common or preferred shareholder of either of the Funds may hold a reduced percentage of ownership in the Combined Fund than they did in MFL and the Acquiring Fund. No sales charge or fee of any kind will be charged to shareholders of MFL in connection with their receipt of Acquiring Fund Shares in the Reorganization.

As soon as practicable after the Closing Date for the Reorganization, MFL will deregister as an investment company under the 1940 Act and liquidate, dissolve and terminate in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law. The Acquiring Fund will continue to operate after the Reorganization as a registered, diversified, closed-end management investment company with the investment objective, investment strategies, investment policies and investment restrictions described in this Proxy Statement.

The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis. Both the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund will continue to be advised by the Investment Advisor. If the Reorganization is not consummated, the Investment Advisor may recommend alternative proposals to the Board of each Fund.

 

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The Board’s Recommendation

The Board of MFL recommends that the MFL VRDP Holders vote “FOR” the proposed Reorganization Agreement at the Special Meeting.

The Board of the Acquiring Fund recommends that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders vote “FOR” the proposed Reorganization Agreement at the Special Meeting.

Shareholder approval of the Reorganization Agreement requires (i) with respect to Proposal 1(A), the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding MFL common shares and MFL VRDP Shares voting as a single class, (ii) with respect to Proposal 1(B), the affirmative vote of the holders of a 1940 Act Majority of MFL VRDP Shares voting as a separate class, and (iii) with respect to Proposal 1(C), the affirmative vote of the holders of a 1940 Act Majority of Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares voting as a separate class.

The Issuance contemplated by Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Acquiring Fund common shares and Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares present at the Special Meeting or represented by proxy voting as a single class.

A “1940 Act Majority” means the affirmative vote of either (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at the Special Meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, whichever is less.

In order for the Reorganization to occur, each Fund must obtain all requisite shareholder approvals with respect to the Reorganization, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. Because the closing of the Reorganization with respect to MFL is contingent upon MFL and the Acquiring Fund obtaining the requisite shareholder approvals and third-party consents and satisfying (or obtaining the waiver of) other closing conditions, it is possible that the Reorganization will not occur, even if shareholders of a Fund entitled to vote on the Reorganization approve the Reorganization and such Fund satisfies all of its closing conditions, if the other Fund in the Reorganization does not obtain its requisite shareholder approvals or satisfy its closing conditions. If the Reorganization Agreement is approved and all requisite consents are obtained, prior to the Reorganization, it is expected that all of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund will be refinanced into Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to those of the MFL VRDP Shares. The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

The preferred shares of the Funds were issued on a private placement basis to one or a small number of institutional holders. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information. To the extent that one or more preferred shareholder of MFL or the Acquiring Fund owns, holds or controls, individually or in the aggregate, all or a significant portion of such Fund’s outstanding preferred shares, the preferred shareholder approval required for the Reorganization may turn on the exercise of voting rights by such particular preferred shareholder(s) and its (or their) determination as to the favorability of the Reorganization with respect to its (or their) interests. The Funds exercise no influence or control over the determinations of such preferred shareholder(s) with respect to the Reorganization; there is no guarantee that such preferred shareholder(s) will approve the Reorganization, over which it (or they) may exercise effective disposition power.

Subject to the requisite approval of the shareholders of each Fund with respect to the Reorganization and the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, as well as

 

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certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, it is expected that the Closing Date of the Reorganization will be sometime during the second quarter of 2022, but it may be at a different time as described herein.

For additional information regarding voting requirements, see “Vote Required and Manner of Voting Proxies.”

 

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REASONS FOR THE REORGANIZATIONS

The Board of each Fund, including the Independent Board Members, considered the Reorganization at a meeting held on September 24, 2021. Each Board, including the Independent Board Members, has unanimously approved the Reorganization Agreement (the “Approval”). Based on the considerations below, the Board of each Fund, including the Independent Board Members, has determined that the Reorganization is in the best interests of such Fund and that the interests of its existing common shareholders and preferred shareholders would not be diluted with respect to NAV and the liquidation preference, respectively, as a result of the Reorganization. As a result of the Reorganization, however, common shareholders and preferred shareholders of each Fund may hold a reduced percentage of ownership in the larger Combined Fund than they did in any of the individual Funds before the Reorganization.

Each Board’s determination to approve the Reorganization was made on the basis of each Board Member’s business judgment after consideration of all of the factors taken as a whole with respect to each Fund and its shareholders, although individual Board Members may have placed different weight and assigned different degrees of materiality to various factors. The shareholders of each Fund will vote separately on the Reorganization or Issuance, as applicable, and the Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. To the extent that the Reorganization is not completed, any expected expense savings by the Combined Fund, or other potential benefits resulting from the Reorganization, may be reduced. If the Reorganization is not consummated, then the Investment Advisor may, in connection with ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of that Fund. Before reaching these conclusions, the Board of each Fund, including the Independent Board Members, engaged in a thorough review process relating to the Reorganization, as well as alternatives to the Reorganization. The Board of each Fund also received a memorandum outlining, among other things, the legal standards and certain other considerations relevant to the Board’s deliberations.

The Board of each Fund considered the Reorganization over a series of meetings. In preparation for the Approval, the Investment Advisor provided each Board with information regarding the Reorganization, including the rationale therefor and alternatives considered to the Reorganization.

Each Board considered a number of factors presented at the time of the Approval or prior meetings in reaching their determinations, including, but not limited to, the following, which are discussed in further detail below:

 

   

potential for improved economies of scale and a lower Total Expense Ratio relative to MFL;

 

   

the potential effects of the Reorganization on the earnings and distributions of each Fund;

 

   

the potential effects of the Reorganization on each Fund’s premium/discount to NAV of common shares;

 

   

the potential effects of the Reorganization on each Fund’s preferred shares;

 

   

the compatibility of the Funds’ investment objectives, investment strategies and policies and related risks and risk profiles;

 

   

consistency of portfolio management and portfolio composition;

 

   

the potential for improved secondary market trading, including the potential for greater secondary market liquidity for the Combined Fund’s common shares, which may result in tighter bid-ask spreads and better trade execution for the Combined Fund’s common shareholders when purchasing or selling the Combined Fund’s common shares;

 

   

the potential for operating and administrative efficiencies for the Combined Fund, including the potential for the following benefits:

 

   

greater investment flexibility and investment options, greater diversification of portfolio investments, the ability to trade in larger positions, additional sources of leverage or more competitive leverage terms and more favorable transaction terms;

 

14


   

benefits from having fewer closed-end funds offering similar products in the market, including an increased focus by investors on the remaining funds in the market (including the Combined Fund) and additional research coverage; and

 

   

benefits from having fewer similar funds in the same fund complex, including a simplified operational model and a reduction in risk of operational, legal and financial errors;

 

   

the anticipated tax-free nature of the Reorganization (except with respect to taxable distributions, if any, from any Fund prior to, or after, the consummation of the Reorganization, and the receipt of cash in lieu of fractional Shares);

 

   

the potential effects on the Funds’ capital loss carryforwards;

 

   

the potential effects on each Fund’s undistributed net investment income;

 

   

the expected costs of the Reorganization;

 

   

the terms of the Reorganization and whether the Reorganization would dilute the interests of shareholders of the Funds;

 

   

the effect of the Reorganization on shareholder rights;

 

   

alternatives to the Reorganization for each Fund; and

 

   

any potential benefits of the Reorganization to the Investment Advisor and its affiliates.

Potential for Improved Economies of Scale and Potential for a Lower Expense Ratio. Each Board considered the fees and Total Operating Expenses of its Fund (including estimated expenses of the Combined Fund after the Reorganization). For the 12-month period ended August 31, 2021, the Total Expense Ratio of MFL was 1.54%. For the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021, the Total Expense Ratio of the Acquiring Fund was 1.58%. “Total Expenses” means a Fund’s total annual operating expenses (including interest expense and without giving effect to the voluntary waiver). “Total Expense Ratio” means a Fund’s Total Expenses expressed as a percentage of its average net assets attributable to its common shares.

With respect to MFL, the Investment Advisor has voluntarily agreed to waive its investment advisory fee on the proceeds of the VRDP Shares and tender option bond trusts (“TOB Trusts”) that exceed 35% of total assets minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (which does not include liabilities represented by TOB Trusts and the liquidation preference of any outstanding VRDP Shares) (the “Voluntary Waiver”). The Voluntary Waiver may be reduced or discontinued at any time without notice.

As of August 31, 2021, for MFL, and as of April 30, 2021 for the Acquiring Fund and the Combined Fund, the historical and pro forma Total Expense Ratios applicable to the Reorganization are as follows:

 

MFL    Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
    Pro forma Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)
 
1.54%1      1.58     1.50

 

1

After giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver, the Total Expense Ratio of MFL is 1.48%.

The Funds estimate that the completion of the Reorganization would result in a Total Expense Ratio (including interest expense) for the Combined Fund of 1.50% on a historical and pro forma basis for the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021, representing an increase in the Total Expense Ratio (including interest expense and after giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver) for the common shareholders of MFL by 0.02% and a reduction in the Total Expense Ratio (including interest expense) for the common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund by 0.08%. Without giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver (which may be reduced or discontinued at any time without notice), the Total Expense Ratio (including interest expense) for the common shareholders of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is expected to decrease by 0.04% and 0.08%, respectively.

 

15


Each Fund’s Total Expenses include interest expense associated with such Fund’s VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable. For the 12-month period ended August 31, 2021, the Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense and after giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver) of MFL was 0.94%, and the Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense and without giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver) of MFL was 1.00%. For the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021, the Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense) of the Acquiring Fund was 0.98%.

The Funds estimate that the completion of the Reorganization would result in a Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense) for the Combined Fund of 0.96% on a historical and pro forma basis for the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021, representing an increase to the Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense and after giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver) for the common shareholders of MFL by 0.02% and a decrease to the Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense) by the Acquiring Fund of 0.02%. Without giving effect to the Voluntary Waiver (which may be reduced or discontinued at any time without notice), the gross Total Expense Ratio (excluding interest expense) for the common shareholders of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is expected to decrease by 0.04% and 0.02%, respectively.

MFL currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual rate equal to 0.55% of the average daily value of its net assets. The Acquiring Fund currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee of 0.55% of (i) the average daily value of MUI’s net assets and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities and borrowings used for leverage. For purposes of calculating these fees, “net assets” means the total assets of the applicable Fund minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (which does not include liabilities represented by TOB Trusts and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred shares). It is understood that the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred stock (other than accumulated dividends) and TOB Trusts is not considered a liability in determining a Trust’s NAV.

If the Reorganization is consummated, the annual contractual investment management fee rate of the Acquiring Fund will be the annual contractual investment management fee rate of the Combined Fund, which will be the contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of (i) the average daily value of MUI’s net assets and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities and borrowings used for leverage. Thus, the Combined Fund will have the same annual contractual investment advisory fee rate as the Acquiring Fund. Please see “Expense Table For Common Shareholders” in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus for additional information.

Based on a pro forma Broadridge peer expense universe for the Combined Fund, the estimated total annual fund expense ratio (excluding investment-related expenses and taxes) is expected to be in the second quartile and contractual investment advisory fee rate and actual investment advisory fee rate over total assets are each expected to be in the second quartile.

There can be no assurance that future expenses of the Combined Fund will not increase or that any expense savings for any Fund will be realized as a result of the Reorganization.

Potential Effects of the Reorganization on Earnings and Distributions. The Boards noted that the Combined Fund’s net earnings yield on NAV for common shareholders following the Reorganization is expected to be potentially higher than MFL’s, and the same as the Acquiring Fund’s, current net earnings yield on NAV. The distribution level of any fund is subject to change based upon a number of factors, including the current and projected level of the fund’s earnings, and may fluctuate over time; thus, subject to a number of other factors, including the fund’s distribution policy, a higher earnings profile may potentially have a positive impact on such fund’s distribution level over time. A Fund’s earnings and net investment income are variables which depend on many factors, including its asset mix, portfolio turnover level, the amount of leverage utilized by the Fund, the costs of such leverage, the performance of its investments, the movement of interest rates and general market conditions. In addition, the Combined Fund’s future earnings will vary depending upon the combination of completed Reorganization. There can be no assurance that the future earnings of a Fund, including the Combined Fund after the Reorganization, will remain constant.

 

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Potential Effects of the Reorganization on Premium/Discount to NAV of Common Shares. Each Board noted that the common shares of its Fund have historically traded at a discount. As of December 6, 2021, the NAV per common share of MFL was $15.23 and the market price per common share of MFL was $14.34, representing a discount to NAV of 5.8% and the NAV per common share of the Acquiring Fund was $15.90 and the market price per common share of the Acquiring Fund was $15.30, representing a discount to NAV of 3.8%. The Board of MFL noted that to the extent MFL’s common shares are trading at a wider discount (or a narrower premium) than the Acquiring Fund at the time of the Reorganization, MFL’s common shareholders would have the potential for an economic benefit by the narrowing of the discount or widening of the premium. The Board of MFL also noted that to the extent the MFL’s common shares are trading at a narrower discount (or wider premium) than the Acquiring Fund at the time of the Reorganization, MFL’s common shareholders may be negatively impacted if the Reorganization is consummated. The Board of the Acquiring Fund noted that Acquiring Fund common shareholders would only benefit from a premium/discount perspective to the extent the post-Reorganization discount (or premium) of the Acquiring Fund common shares improves. There can be no assurance that, after the Reorganization, common shares of the Combined Fund will trade at a narrower discount to NAV or wider premium to NAV than the common shares of any individual Fund prior to the Reorganization. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund common shares may trade at a price that is less than the current market price of Acquiring Fund common shares. In the Reorganization, common shareholders of MFL will receive Acquiring Fund common shares based on the relative NAVs (not the market values) of the respective Fund’s common shares. The market value of the common shares of the Combined Fund may be less than the market value of the common shares of each respective Fund prior to the Reorganization.

Potential Effects of the Reorganization on the Preferred Shares. The Board noted that each Fund has preferred shares outstanding. As of December 6, 2020, MFL has 2,746 Series W-7 VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund has 2,871 Series W-7 VMTP Shares outstanding. Prior to the Reorganization it is expected that all of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund will be refinanced into VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to those of MFL VRDP Shares. In connection with the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund expects to issue 2,746 additional VRDP Shares to MFL VRDP Holders. Following the completion of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund is expected to have 5,617 VRDP Shares outstanding. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

The Board noted that, assuming the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

 

17


The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The terms applicable to the VRDP Shares of MFL during the Special Rate Period are identical. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

The Board noted that none of the expenses of the Reorganization are expected to be borne by the VMTP Holders or the VRDP Holders, as applicable, of the Funds.

Following the Reorganization, the VRDP Holders of each Fund will be VRDP Holders of the larger Combined Fund that will have a larger asset base and more VRDP Shares outstanding than any Fund individually before the Reorganization. With respect to matters requiring all preferred shareholders to vote separately or common and preferred shareholders to vote together as a single class, following the Reorganization, VRDP Holders of the Combined Fund may hold a smaller percentage of the outstanding preferred shares of the Combined Fund as compared to their percentage holdings of outstanding preferred shares of their respective Fund prior to the Reorganization.

Compatibility of Investment Objectives, Investment Strategies and Policies and Related Risks and Risk Profiles. Each Board noted that its Fund’s shareholders will remain invested in an exchange-listed, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act that will have substantially greater net assets and similar investment objectives and similar investment strategies, policies and restrictions. MFL seeks as a fundamental investment objective to provide shareholders with current income exempt from federal income tax and to provide shareholders with the opportunity to own shares the value of which is exempt from Florida intangible personal property tax. MFL seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of long-term, investment grade MFL Municipal Bonds. At all times, at least 80% of MFL’s total assets is invested in MFL Municipal Bonds, except during interim periods pending investment of the net proceeds of public offerings of its securities and during temporary defensive periods. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of MFL’s total assets will be invested in municipal obligations with remaining maturities of one year or more. The Acquiring Fund’s investment objective is to provide common stockholders with high current income exempt from federal income taxes. The Acquiring Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (including assets acquired from the sale of preferred stock) plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in a portfolio of MUI Municipal Bonds. Under normal market conditions, the Acquiring Fund invests at least 75% of its total assets in a portfolio of investment-grade MUI Municipal Bonds or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the investment adviser, at the time of investment. Both MFL and the Acquiring Fund currently leverage its assets through the use of VRDP Shares and residual interest municipal tender option bonds (“TOB Residuals”), which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The risk/return profile of the Combined Fund is expected to remain comparable to those of each Fund before the Reorganization because of the similarities in the investment policies of each Fund.

Consistency of Portfolio Management and Portfolio Composition. Each Board noted that each Fund has the same investment adviser. MFL is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Theodore R. Jaeckel, Jr., CFA and Walter O’Connor. The Acquiring Fund is managed by a team of investment professionals led by

 

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Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli. Following the Reorganization, it is expected that the Combined Fund will be managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli. Each Board also considered the portfolio composition of its Fund and the impact of the Reorganization on the Fund’s portfolio. Each Board noted that it is not anticipated that there will be any significant disposition of the holdings in its Fund as a result of the Reorganization because of the similarities among the portfolio guidelines of the Funds. For additional information, please see “Comparison of the Funds’ Investments” and “Risk Factors and Special Considerations.”

Potential for Improved Secondary Market Trading for Common Shares. While it is not possible to predict trading levels at the time the Reorganization closes, each Board considered that the Combined Fund may provide greater secondary market liquidity for its common shares as it would be larger than any of the Funds, which may result in tighter bid-ask spreads, better trade execution for the Combined Fund’s common shareholders when purchasing or selling Combined Fund common shares. However, there can be no assurance that the Reorganization will result in such benefits or that the common shares of the Combined Fund will trade at a narrower discount to NAV or wider premium to NAV than the common shares of any individual Fund prior to the Reorganization. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the secondary market liquidity, bid-ask spreads, and trade execution with respect to the Combined Fund’s common shares may deteriorate. Furthermore, the Combined Fund common shares may trade at a price that is less than the current market price of Acquiring Fund common shares.

Potential for Operating and Administrative Efficiencies. Each Board noted that the Combined Fund may achieve certain operating and administrative efficiencies from its larger net asset size, including greater investment flexibility and investment options, greater diversification of portfolio investments, the ability to trade in larger positions, additional sources of leverage or more competitive leverage terms and more favorable transaction terms. Each Board also noted that the Combined Fund may experience potential benefits from having fewer closed-end funds offering similar products in the market, including an increased focus by investors on the remaining funds in the market (including the Combined Fund) and additional research coverage.

Each Board also noted that the Combined Fund may experience potential benefits from having fewer similar funds in the same fund complex, including a simplified operational model, the elimination of complexities involved with having duplicative funds, easier product differentiation for shareholders (including shareholders of the Combined Fund) and reduced risk of operational, legal and financial errors.

Anticipated Tax-Free Reorganization. Each Board noted that it is anticipated that shareholders of its Fund will generally recognize no gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the Reorganization (except with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional common shares), as the Reorganization is intended to qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code.

Shareholders of each Fund may receive distributions prior to, or after, the consummation of the Reorganization, including distributions attributable to their proportionate share of each Fund’s undistributed net investment income declared prior to the consummation of the Reorganization or the Combined Fund built-in gains, if any, recognized after the Reorganization, when such income and gains are eventually distributed by the Combined Fund. To the extent that such a distribution is not an “exempt interest dividend” (as defined in the Code), the distribution may be taxable to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Capital Loss Carryforward Considerations. Each Board considered that capital loss carryforwards of the Combined Fund attributable to MFL will be subject to tax loss limitation rules by reason of MFL undergoing an “ownership change” in the Reorganization. Each Board also noted that the Combined Fund’s capital loss carryforward loss on a per share basis is expected to be lower than the Acquiring Fund’s capital loss carryforward loss per share, but higher than MFL’s capital loss carryforward loss per share. Each Board considered that the ability of its Fund to fully utilize its existing capital loss carryforwards depends on many variables and assumptions, including projected performance, and is, therefore, highly uncertain.

 

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Potential Effects of the Reorganization on Undistributed Net Investment Income. If the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, then the greater of (1) substantially all of the undistributed net investment income, if any, or (2) the monthly distribution of each Fund is expected to be declared to such Fund’s common shareholders prior to the Closing Date (the “Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions”). The declaration date, ex-dividend date (the “Ex-Dividend Date”) and record date of the Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions will occur prior to the Closing Date. However, all or a significant portion of the Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions may be paid in one or more distributions to common shareholders of the Funds entitled to such Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions after the Closing Date. Former MFL shareholders entitled to such Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions paid after the Closing Date will receive such distributions in cash for a partial month post-Reorganization.

Persons who purchase common shares of any of the Funds on or after the Ex-Dividend Date for the Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distributions should not expect to receive any distributions from any Fund until distributions, if any, are declared by the Board of the Combined Fund and paid to shareholders entitled to any such distributions. No such distributions are expected to be paid by the Combined Fund until at least approximately one month following the Closing Date.

Additionally, the Acquiring Fund, in order to seek to provide its common shareholders with distribution rate stability, may include in its Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distribution amounts in excess of its undistributed net investment income and net investment income accrued through the Closing Date; any such excess amounts are not expected to constitute a return of capital. This would result in the Acquiring Fund issuing incrementally more common shares in the Reorganization since its NAV as of the Valuation Time would be lower relative to a scenario where such excess amounts were not included in the Acquiring Fund’s Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distribution.

The Combined Fund is anticipated to retain a lower UNII balance after the Reorganization than the Acquiring Fund prior to the Reorganization. The lower anticipated UNII balance for the Combined Fund relative to the UNII balance of the Acquiring Fund poses risks for shareholders of the Combined Fund. UNII balances, in part, support the level of a fund’s regular distributions and provide a cushion in the event a fund’s net earnings for a particular distribution period are insufficient to support the level of its regular distribution for that period. If the Combined Fund’s net earnings are below the level of its current distribution rate, the Combined Fund’s UNII balance could be more likely to contribute to a determination to decrease the Combined Fund’s distribution rate, or could make it more likely that the Combined Fund will make distributions consisting in part of a return of capital to maintain the level of its regular distributions. Moreover, because a fund’s UNII balance, in part, supports the level of a fund’s regular distributions, the UNII balance of the Combined Fund could impact the trading market for the Combined Fund’s common shares and the magnitude of the trading discount to NAV of the Combined Fund’s common shares. However, the Combined Fund is anticipated to benefit from a lower expense ratio, a potentially higher net earnings profile (compared to MFL) and other anticipated benefits of economies of scale as discussed herein. Each Fund, including the Combined Fund, reserves the right to change its distribution policy with respect to common share distributions and the basis for establishing the rate of its distributions for the common shares at any time and may do so without prior notice to common shareholders. The payment of any distributions by any Fund, including the Combined Fund, is subject to, and will only be made when, as, and if, declared by the Board of such Fund. There is no assurance the Board of any Fund, including the Combined Fund, will declare any distributions for such Fund.

To the extent any Pre-Reorganization Declared UNII Distribution is not an “exempt interest dividend” (as defined in the Code), the distribution may be taxable to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Expected Costs of the Reorganization. Each Board considered the terms and conditions of the Reorganization Agreement, including the estimated costs associated with the Reorganization, and the allocation of such costs among the Funds. Each Board noted, however, that the Investment Advisor anticipated that the projected costs of the Reorganization may be recovered over time. Common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund

 

20


and MFL will indirectly bear a portion of the costs of the Reorganization. The expenses of the Reorganization are estimated to be approximately $415,990 for the Acquiring Fund and $438,816 for MFL. The Acquiring Fund will bear approximately $373,448 of its estimated Reorganization expenses and MFL will bear $353,291 of its estimated Reorganization expenses, with any costs in excess of such amounts to be borne by the Investment Advisor. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be approximately $319,212. The Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.

Terms of the Reorganization and Impact on Shareholders. Each Board noted that the aggregate NAV (not the market value) of the Acquiring Fund common shares that a Target Fund’s common shareholders will receive in the Reorganization is expected to equal the aggregate NAV (not the market value) of the Target Fund common shares that the Target Fund’s common shareholders owned immediately prior to the Closing Date. The aggregate NAV of MFL immediately prior to the Reorganization will reflect accrued expenses associated with the Reorganization. The NAV of MFL’s common shares will not be diluted as a result of the Reorganization. Fractional Acquiring Fund common shares will generally not be issued to MFL common shareholders in connection with the Reorganization, and MFL common shareholders should expect to receive cash in lieu of such fractional common shares.

Each Board further noted that holders of MFL VRDP Shares will receive the same number of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as MFL VRDP Shares held by MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders will have their VMTP Shares redeemed by the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing if the Reorganization is approved by the requisite shareholders.

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

Effect on Shareholder Rights. Each Board noted that MFL is organized as a Massachusetts business trust and that the Acquiring Fund is formed as a Maryland corporation. Each Board also noted that the common shareholders of each Fund have substantially similar voting rights and rights with respect to the payment of dividends and distribution of assets upon liquidation of their respective Fund and have no preemptive, conversion or exchange rights.

Each Board also noted that the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares

 

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outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date.

Alternatives to the Reorganization. In reaching its decision to approve the Reorganization, the Board considered alternatives to the Reorganization, including continuing to operate each Fund as a separate Fund.

Potential Benefits to the Investment Advisor and its Affiliates. Each Board recognized that the Reorganization may result in some benefits and economies of scale for the Investment Advisor and its affiliates. These may include, for example, administrative and operational efficiencies or a reduction in certain operational expenses as a result of the elimination of MFL as a separate fund in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.

Conclusion. Each Board, including the Independent Board Members, unanimously approved the Reorganization Agreement and the Issuance, as applicable, concluding that the Reorganization is in the best interests of its Fund and that the interests of existing common shareholders and preferred shareholders of its Fund will not be diluted with respect to NAV and liquidation preference, respectively, as a result of the Reorganization. This determination was made on the basis of each Board Member’s business judgment after consideration of all of the factors taken as a whole with respect to its Fund and the Fund’s common and preferred shareholders, although individual Board Members may have placed different weight on various factors and assigned different degrees of materiality to various factors.

Shareholders of each Fund will vote separately on the Reorganization or Issuance, as applicable, and the Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. To the extent that the Reorganization is not completed, any expected expense savings by the Combined Fund, or other potential benefits resulting from the Reorganization, may be reduced.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then the Investment Advisor may, in connection with ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of that Fund.

 

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TERMS OF THE REORGANIZATION AGREEMENTS

The following is a summary of the significant terms of the Reorganization Agreement. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Form of Agreement and Plan of Reorganization attached as Appendix A to this Proxy Statement.

Valuation of Assets and Liabilities

The respective assets of each of the Funds will be valued on the business day prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization (the “Valuation Time”). The valuation procedures are the same for each Fund: the NAV per Common Share of each Fund will be determined after the close of business on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) at the Valuation Time. For the purpose of determining the NAV of a Common Share of each Fund, the value of the securities held by such Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses) of such Fund is divided by the total number of common shares of such Fund outstanding at such time. Daily expenses, including the fees payable to the Investment Advisor, will accrue at the Valuation Time.

Dividends will accumulate on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date. MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued VRDP Share of the Acquiring Fund, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Share up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date if such dividends have not been paid prior to Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued.

The first dividend period for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Reorganization will commence on the Closing Date and end on the day immediately preceding the first dividend payment date for such VRDP Shares, which will be the first business day of the month following the month in which the Closing Date occurs.

Amendments and Conditions

The Reorganization Agreement may be amended at any time prior to the Closing Date with respect to any of the terms therein upon mutual agreement. However, after adoption of the Reorganization Agreement and approval of the Reorganization, no amendment or modification may be made which by law requires further approval by shareholders without such further approval. The obligations of each Fund pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement are subject to various conditions, including a registration statement on Form N-14 being declared effective by the SEC, approval of the Reorganization Agreement by the shareholders of the Target Fund and the VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund, certain third-party consents, the approval of the Issuance by the shareholders of the Acquiring Fund, receipt of an opinion of counsel as to tax matters, receipt of an opinion of counsel as to corporate and securities matters and the continuing accuracy of various representations and warranties of the Funds being confirmed by the respective parties.

The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then each Fund would continue to exist and operate on a standalone basis.

 

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Postponement; Termination

Under the Reorganization Agreement, the Board of any Fund that is a party to the Reorganization Agreement may cause the Reorganization to be postponed or abandoned under certain circumstances should such Board determine that it is in the best interests of the shareholders of its respective Fund to do so. The Reorganization Agreement may be terminated, and the Reorganization abandoned at any time (whether before or after adoption thereof by the shareholders of either of the Funds involved in the Reorganization) prior to the Closing Date, or the Closing Date may be postponed: (i) by mutual consent of the Boards of such Funds and (ii) by the Board of either such Fund if any condition to that Fund’s obligations set forth in the Reorganization Agreement has not been fulfilled or waived by such Board.

Book-Entry Interests

The Acquiring Fund will issue to MFL VRDP Holders book-entry interests for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares registered in the name of such MFL VRDP Holders on a one-for-one basis for each holder’s holdings of MFL VRDP Shares. Each Fund’s VRDP Shares were or will be issued in book-entry form as global securities, and such global securities were deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Beneficial interests in the global securities are held only through DTC and any of its participants.

The Acquiring Fund will issue to MFL common shareholders book-entry interests and cash in lieu of fractional common shares, if applicable, for the Acquiring Fund common shares registered in the name of such shareholders on the basis of each shareholder’s proportionate interest in the aggregate net asset value of MFL common shares, respectively.

Expenses of the Reorganizations

Each Fund will bear expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization. The expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization include but are not limited to, costs related to the preparation and distribution of materials distributed to each Fund’s Board, expenses incurred in connection with the preparation of the Reorganization Agreement, the registration statement on Form N-14 and this Proxy Statement to preferred shareholders, the printing and distribution of the joint proxy statement/prospectus delivered to common shareholders, this Proxy Statement delivered to preferred shareholders and any other materials required to be distributed to shareholders, SEC and state securities commission filing fees, and legal and audit fees in connection with the Reorganization, including fees incurred in obtaining the requisite consents of rating agencies, counterparties or service providers to the VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, legal fees incurred in connection with amending the transaction documents for the VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, which may include the legal fees of counterparties and service providers to the extent applicable, legal fees incurred preparing each Fund’s Board materials, attending each Fund’s Board meetings and preparing the minutes, rating agency fees associated with the ratings of the preferred shares in connection with the Reorganization, auditing fees associated with each Fund’s financial statements, stock exchange fees, transfer agency fees, rating agency fees, portfolio transfer taxes (if any), and any similar expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization, and with respect to the Acquiring Fund, the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, which will be borne directly by the Acquiring Fund.

Common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and MFL will indirectly bear a portion of the costs of the Reorganization. The expenses of the Reorganization are estimated to be approximately $415,990 for the Acquiring Fund and $438,816 for MFL. The Acquiring Fund will bear approximately $373,448 of its estimated Reorganization expenses and MFL will bear $353,291 of its estimated Reorganization expenses, with any costs in excess of such amounts to be borne by the Investment Advisor. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be approximately $319,212. The Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.

 

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Each Board also noted that the VMTP Holders or VRDP Holders, as applicable, are not expected to bear any of the costs of the Reorganization, while the common shareholders of the Funds will indirectly bear all of the costs of the Reorganization.

Neither the Funds nor the Investment Advisor will pay any direct expenses of shareholders arising out of or in connection with the Reorganization (e.g., expenses incurred by the shareholder as a result of attending the Special Meeting, voting on the Reorganization or other action taken by the shareholder in connection with the Reorganization). The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.

 

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APPRAISAL RIGHTS

Preferred shareholders of MFL are entitled to rights of appraisal to the same extent as a shareholder of a Massachusetts business corporation in respect of a merger, consolidation, sale or exchange of assets. However, rights of appraisal would not generally be available to shareholders of a Massachusetts business corporation in respect of a transaction structured as an exchange of all or substantially all of the property of a company followed by the dissolution of the company and the distribution to the shareholders in cash and marketable securities, of substantially all of its net assets, in excess of a reasonable amount reserved, if any, to meet unknown claims. Under Maryland law, except in limited circumstances which do not apply to the Reorganization, stockholders are not entitled to demand the fair value of their shares in connection with a reorganization if any shares of the class or series of the stock are listed on a national securities exchange, such as the common shares of the Acquiring Fund, on the Record Date.

 

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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REORGANIZATION

The following is a general summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization to the U.S. holders of MFL common shares. The discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury regulations, court decisions, published positions of the IRS and other applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). The discussion is limited to U.S. persons who hold common shares or VRDP Shares of MFL as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, assets held for investment). This summary does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular shareholder or to shareholders who may be subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws. No ruling has been or will be obtained from the IRS regarding any matter relating to the Reorganization. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax aspects described below. This summary of U.S. federal income tax consequences is for general information only. The Funds’ shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization, as well as the effects of state, local and non-U.S. tax laws, including possible changes in tax laws.

It is a condition to the closing of the Reorganization that each Fund receives an opinion from Willkie, dated as of the Closing Date, regarding the characterization of each Reorganization as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. The opinion of Willkie will be based on U.S. federal income tax law in effect on the Closing Date. In rendering its opinion, Willkie will also rely upon certain representations of the management of each Fund and assume, among other things, that the Reorganization will be consummated in accordance with the Reorganization Agreement and other operative documents and as described herein. An opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or any court.

As a reorganization, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization can be summarized as follows:

 

   

No gain or loss will be recognized by a Fund by reason of the Reorganization.

 

   

No gain or loss will be recognized by a shareholder of MFL who exchanges, as the case may be, all of its common shares solely for Acquiring Fund common shares or all of its MFL VRDP Shares solely for Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares pursuant to the Reorganization (except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share, as discussed below).

 

   

The aggregate tax basis of Acquiring Fund common shares received by a shareholder of MFL pursuant to the Reorganization will be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the shareholder’s MFL common shares surrendered in exchange therefor (reduced by any amount of tax basis allocable to a fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share for which cash is received).

 

   

The holding period of Acquiring Fund common shares received by a shareholder of MFL pursuant to the Reorganization will include the holding period of the shareholder’s common shares surrendered in exchange therefor.

 

   

A shareholder of MFL that receives cash in lieu of a fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share in connection with the Reorganization will be treated as having received cash in exchange for such fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share. A MFL shareholder that receives cash in lieu of a fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount of cash deemed received for the fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share and MFL shareholder’s tax basis in MFL common shares allocable to the fractional Acquiring Fund Common Share. The capital gain or loss will be a long-term capital gain or loss if MFL shareholder’s holding period for MFL common shares is more than one year as of the date the Reorganization is consummated.

 

   

The Acquiring Fund’s tax basis in MFL’s assets received by the Acquiring Fund pursuant to the Reorganization will, in each instance, equal the tax basis of such assets in the hands of MFL immediately prior to the Closing Date, and the Acquiring Fund’s holding period for such assets will, in each instance, include the period during which the assets were held by MFL.

 

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The Acquiring Fund intends to continue to be taxed under the rules applicable to regulated investment companies as defined in Section 851 of the Code, which are the same rules currently applicable to each Fund and its shareholders.

None of the Funds intend to sell any assets in connection with the Reorganization other than in the ordinary course of business. If, however, assets of MFL were to be sold in connection with the Reorganization, or if such assets were required to be marked to market as a result of the termination of MFL’s taxable year or as a result of the transfer of certain assets in the Reorganization, the tax impact of any such sales (or deemed sales) would depend on the difference between the price at which such portfolio assets are sold and MFL’s basis in such assets. Any capital gains recognized in these sales (or deemed sales) on a net basis will be distributed to MFL shareholders as capital gain dividends (to the extent of net realized long-term capital gains) and/or ordinary dividends (to the extent of net realized short-term capital gains) during or with respect to the year of sale (or deemed sale) and prior to or after the date of the Reorganization, and such distributions will be taxable to MFL shareholders.

Prior to the Closing Date, each Fund will declare a distribution to its shareholders, which together with all previous distributions, will have the effect of distributing to the shareholders of such Fund all of the Fund’s (i) investment company income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), if any, through the Closing Date, (ii) net capital gains, if any, through the Closing Date, and (iii) net tax-exempt interest income, if any, through the Closing Date. To the extent that such a distribution is not an “exempt interest dividend” (as defined in the Code), the distribution may be taxable to shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Acquiring Fund will succeed to capital loss carryforwards (and certain unrealized built-in losses, if any) of MFL, which are expected to be subject to tax loss limitation rules because MFL will undergo an “ownership change” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because MFL will undergo an “ownership change,” the Code will generally limit the amount of pre-ownership change losses of MFL that may be used to offset post-ownership change gains to a specific “annual loss limitation amount” (generally the product of (i) the fair market value of the stock of MFL, with certain adjustments, immediately prior to the Reorganization and (ii) a rate established by the IRS). Subject to certain limitations, any unused portion of these losses may be available in subsequent years, subject to the remaining portion of any applicable capital loss carryforward limit, as measured from the date of recognition.

Although the capital loss carryforwards of the Combined Fund attributable to MFL may be subject to tax loss limitation rules to the extent outlined above, it is currently expected that such tax loss limitation rules should not have a material adverse effect on the Combined Fund’s utilization of MFL’s capital loss carryforward as compared with what each Fund’s utilization of its own capital loss carryforward would be without the Reorganization. The ability of each Fund (and the Combined Fund) to utilize any capital loss carryforwards now or in the future depends on many variables and assumptions, including but not limited to, projected performance of a Fund, the unrealized gain/loss position of a Fund, the types of securities held by a Fund, the current and future market environment (including the level of interest rates), portfolio turnover and applicable law, and is, therefore, highly uncertain. As of July 31, 2021, the Funds’ unused capital loss carryforwards, which have no expiration date and may be carried forward indefinitely, were as follows:

Capital Loss Carryforward Amount

 

Target Fund (MFL)

   Acquiring Fund (MUI)

$(3,649,793)

   $(6,821,182)

Due to the operation of these tax loss limitation rules, it is possible that shareholders of MFL or the Acquiring Fund would receive taxable distributions of short-term and long-term capital gains earlier than they would have in the absence of the Reorganization. Such taxable distributions will be treated either as ordinary income (and not as favorably taxed “qualified dividend income”) if such capital gains are short-term or as

 

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favorably taxed capital gain dividends if such capital gains are long-term. The actual financial effect of the loss limitation rules on a shareholder of MFL whose losses are subject to the loss limitation rules would depend on many variables, including MFL’s expected growth rate if the Reorganization were not to occur (i.e., whether, in the absence of the Reorganization, MFL would generate sufficient capital gains against which to utilize its capital loss carryforwards (and certain realized built-in losses), in excess of what would have been the “annual loss limitation amount” had the Reorganization occurred), the timing and amount of future capital gains recognized by the Combined Fund if the Reorganization were to occur, and the timing of a historic MFL shareholder’s disposition of its shares (the tax basis of which might, depending on the facts, reflect that shareholder’s share of such Fund’s capital losses). Shareholders of all of the Funds should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

For five years beginning on the Closing Date of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund will not be allowed to offset certain pre-Reorganization built-in gains attributable to a Fund that is a gain corporation with capital loss carryforwards (and certain built-in losses) attributable to another Fund.

 

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PROPOSAL 2—ISSUANCE OF ACQUIRING FUND COMMON SHARES

In connection with the proposed Reorganization described under “Proposal 1: Reorganization of the Funds,” the common shareholders and the VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to approve the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund common shares.

Please see “Information about the Common Shares of the Funds” for information about the Funds’ common shares.

In the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund will acquire substantially all of the assets of MFL and assume substantially all of the liabilities of MFL in exchange for newly issued Acquiring Fund common shares, with a par value of $0.10 per share, and newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, with a par value of $0.10 per share and liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date). The Acquiring Fund will list the newly issued common shares on the NYSE. MFL will distribute Acquiring Fund Shares received by it pro rata to MFL shareholders (although cash may be paid in lieu of any fractional common shares). The newly-issued Acquiring Fund Shares will be issued in the form of book-entry interests. Such distribution of Acquiring Fund Shares to MFL shareholders will be accomplished by opening new accounts on the books of the Acquiring Fund in the names of the shareholders of MFL and transferring to those shareholder accounts Acquiring Fund Shares.

The Acquiring Fund will continue to operate after the Reorganization as a registered, diversified, closed-end management investment company with the investment objective, investment strategies, investment policies and investment restrictions described in this Proxy Statement. As a result of the Reorganization, however, a shareholder of each Fund may hold a reduced percentage of ownership in the larger Combined Fund than such shareholder did in any of the individual Funds before the Reorganizations.

If the Issuance with respect to the Reorganization is not approved, the Investment Advisor may, in connection with ongoing management of each Fund and its product line, recommend alternative proposals to the Board of that Fund.

The Board of the Acquiring Fund recommends that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders vote “FOR” the Issuance at the Special Meeting.

The Issuance contemplated by Proposal 2 requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Acquiring Fund common shares and Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares present at the Special Meeting or represented by proxy voting as a single class.

Subject to the requisite approval of the shareholders of each Fund with respect to the Reorganization and the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, as well as certain consents, confirmations and/or waivers from various third parties, including the liquidity provider with respect to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, it is expected that the Closing Date of the Reorganization will be sometime during the second quarter of 2022, but it may be at a different time as described herein.

The affirmative vote of shareholders representing at least a majority of the outstanding Acquiring Fund common shares and Acquiring VMTP Shares present at the Special Meeting or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class, is required to approve the Issuance. For additional information regarding voting requirements, see “Vote Required and Manner of Voting Proxies.”

 

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE PREFERRED SHARES OF THE FUNDS

MFL’s Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of common shares, par value $0.10 per share, and 1,000,000 preferred shares. The Acquiring Fund’s charter authorizes the issuance of 200 million shares, par value $0.10 per share, all of which were initially classified as common shares. The Board of the Acquiring Fund is authorized, however, to reclassify any unissued common shares to preferred shares without the approval of its common shareholders.

Upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. MFL VRDP Holders will receive the same number of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, held by such holders immediately prior to the closing of the Reorganization, with the only significant difference being that the outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041, and the newly issued Acquiring VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares.

The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same Special Rate Period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such Special Rate Period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date. MFL has issued VRDP Shares, $100,000 liquidation value per share. In connection with the Reorganization, and assuming that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganizations, the Acquiring Fund expects to issue 2,746 additional VRDP Shares to MFL VRDP Holders. Following the completion of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund is expected to have 5,617 VRDP Shares outstanding.

Set forth below is information about each Fund’s outstanding preferred shares as of September 21, 2021.

 

Fund

  Title of Class     Amount
Authorized
    Amount
Authorized
Under Each
Series
    Amount
Held by
Fund for
its Own
Account
    Amount
Outstanding
Exclusive of
Amount
Shown in
Previous
Column
    Issue Date     Mandatory/
Term
Redemption
Date
 

Target Fund (MFL)

    VRDP Shares       2,746       Series W-7 – 2,746       0       2,746       6/30/2011       7/1/2041  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

    VMTP Shares       2,871       Series W-7 – 2,871       0       2,871       12/7/2012       7/2/2023  

The outstanding preferred shares of each Fund are fully paid and non-assessable and have no preemptive or cumulative voting rights.

 

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Below is a table that details, as of September 21, 2021, (i) each Fund’s current leverage attributable to preferred shares as a percentage of its total net assets and (ii) the Combined Fund’s leverage attributable to preferred shares on a pro forma basis as a percentage of its total net assets assuming the Reorganization was consummated as of September 21, 2021.

 

Fund

   Title of Class      Shares
Outstanding
     Liquidation
Preference
Per Share
     Aggregate
Liquidation
Preference
     Total
Managed
Assets
     As
Percentage
of Net
Assets
 

Target Fund (MFL)

     VRDP Shares        2,746      $ 100,000        274,600,000        946,176,355        49.5

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

     VMTP Shares        2,871      $ 100,000        287,100,000        997,381,179        44.5

Pro forma Combined Fund (MFL into MUI)

     VRDP Shares        5,617      $ 100,000        561,700,000        1,943,557,534        46.9

MFL has issued VRDP Shares, $100,000 liquidation value per share. The Acquiring Fund has issued VMTP Shares, and following the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, the Acquiring Fund will issue, VRDP Shares, $100,000 liquidation value per share, with substantially identical terms to those of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year special rate period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended (the “Special Rate Period”). The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares issued in the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of MFL’s VRDP Shares as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization.

The VRDP Shares and VMTP Shares were offered to qualified institutional buyers in private transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act.

The annualized dividend rates for the preferred shares for each Fund’s most recent fiscal year end were as follows:

 

Fund

   Rate  

Target Fund (MFL)

     1.80

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

     1.03

If the Reorganization Agreement is approved by MFL shareholders, prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all outstanding VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares that will be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing will have the same $100,000 liquidation preference per share, dividend period, dividend payment date, voting rights, redemption provisions, remarketing procedures, mandatory purchase events, mandatory tender events, transfer restrictions and covenants with respect to effective leverage, asset coverage and eligible investments, mechanism for determining the applicable dividend rate and maximum rate, and the same liquidity provider, remarketing agent and tender and paying agent as the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will also be subject to a special rate period and the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, including the same mechanism for determining the applicable dividend rate and maximum rate, redemption premiums and transfer restrictions. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

 

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In connection with the Reorganization, and assuming that the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund expects to issue 2,746 additional VRDP Shares to MFL VRDP Holders. Following the completion of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund is expected to have 5,617 VRDP Shares outstanding. Assuming the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, upon the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Shares up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for each MFL VRDP Share held by the MFL VRDP Holders immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be subject to the same special rate period (including the terms thereof) applicable to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date of the Reorganization. Such special rate period is expected to terminate on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date.

The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, except that the newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares are expected to have a mandatory redemption date of 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL have a mandatory redemption date of July 1, 2041. A Fund may designate any succeeding subsequent rate period of the VRDP Shares as a “special rate period” subject to the restrictions and requirements set forth in the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares. During a special rate period, a Fund may choose to modify the terms of the VRDP Shares as permitted by the governing instrument for such Fund’s VRDP Shares, including, for example, special provisions relating to the calculation of dividends and the redemption of the VRDP Shares. The outstanding VRDP Shares of MFL are currently in a one-year Special Rate Period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and in the Reorganization will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

Description of the VRDP Shares of MFL

MFL’s VRDP Shares have the benefit of an unconditional demand feature pursuant to a purchase agreement provided by Bank of America, N.A. acting as liquidity provider to ensure full and timely repayment of the liquidation preference amount plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to holders upon the occurrence of certain events (the “Liquidity Facility”). MFL entered into a fee agreement with the liquidity provider (the “Fee Agreement”) in connection with the Liquidity Facility that require a per annum liquidity fee payable to the liquidity provider. The Fee Agreement between MFL and the liquidity provider is scheduled to expire, unless renewed or terminated in advance, on August 31, 2022.

The Liquidity Facility requires the liquidity provider to purchase all of MFL’s VRDP Shares tendered for sale that were not successfully remarketed. MFL is required to redeem its VRDP Shares owned by the liquidity provider after six months of continuous, unsuccessful remarketing. Upon the occurrence of the first unsuccessful remarketing, MFL is required to segregate liquid assets to fund the redemption.

 

33


In the event the VRDP Shares Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) for MFL is not renewed, and MFL does not arrange for a Purchase Agreement with an alternate liquidity provider, MFL’s VRDP Shares will be subject to mandatory purchase by the liquidity provider prior to the termination of the Purchase Agreement. There is no assurance MFL will replace such redeemed VRDP Shares with any other preferred shares or other form of leverage.

Except during the Special Rate Period (as defined and described below), VRDP Holders have the right to give notice on any business day to tender MFL’s VRDP Shares for remarketing in seven days, the VRDP Shares are subject to a mandatory tender for remarketing upon the occurrence of certain events, and should a remarketing be unsuccessful, the dividend rate for such VRDP Shares will reset to a maximum rate as defined in the governing documents of the VRDP Shares. MFL’s VRDP Shares are also subject to certain restrictions on transfer outside of the remarketing process. Except during the Special Rate Period, MFL may incur remarketing fees at the annual rate of 0.10% on the aggregate principal amount of the MFL’s VRDP Shares.

MFL is required to redeem its VRDP Shares on July 1, 2041, the mandatory redemption date for such VRDP Shares, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased. Six months prior to the mandatory redemption date, MFL is required to begin to segregate liquid assets with its custodian to fund the redemption. In addition, MFL is required to redeem certain of its outstanding VRDP Shares if it fails to maintain certain asset coverage, basic maintenance amount or leverage requirements.

Subject to certain conditions, MFL’s VRDP Shares may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at the option of MFL. The redemption price per VRDP Share is equal to the liquidation value per VRDP Share plus any outstanding unpaid dividends.

Except during the Special Rate Period, dividends on MFL’s VRDP Shares are payable monthly at a variable rate set weekly by the remarketing agent. Such dividend rates are generally based upon a spread over a base rate and cannot exceed a maximum rate. In the event of a failed remarketing, the dividend rate of the VRDP Shares will be reset to a maximum rate. The maximum rate is determined based on, among other things, the long-term preferred share rating assigned to the VRDP Shares and the length of time that the VRDP Shares fail to be remarketed. The maximum rate of the VRDP Shares will not exceed 15% per annum, exclusive of any applicable gross-up payments or increased dividend payment relating to the inclusion in any dividend of net capital gains or ordinary income taxable for regular U.S. federal income tax purposes. At the date of issuance, the VRDP Shares of MFL were assigned a long-term rating of Aaa from Moody’s and AAA from Fitch. Subsequent to the issuance of the VRDP Shares, Moody’s completed a review of its methodology for rating securities issued by registered closed-end funds. As of December 6 21, 2021, the VRDP Shares of MFL were assigned a long-term rating of Aa1 from Moody’s under its new ratings methodology. The VRDP Shares of MFL were assigned a long-term rating of AA from Fitch.

The short-term ratings on the VRDP Shares were withdrawn by Moody’s, Fitch and/or S&P at the commencement of the Special Rate Period, as described below. The short-term ratings on MFL’s VRDP Shares are directly related to the short-term ratings of the liquidity provider for such VRDP Shares. Changes in the credit quality of the liquidity provider could cause a change in the short-term credit ratings of the VRDP Shares. Except during the Special Rate Period, a change in the short-term credit rating of the liquidity provider or the VRDP Shares may adversely affect the dividend rate paid on such VRDP Shares, although the dividend rate paid on the VRDP Shares is not directly related to the short-term rating. The liquidity provider may be terminated prior to the scheduled termination date if the liquidity provider fails to maintain short-term debt ratings in one of the two highest rating categories.

MFL’s VRDP Shares are senior in priority to MFL’s common shares, respectively, as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of MFL. MFL’s VRDP Shares will rank on parity with other preferred shares of MFL as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of MFL. The 1940 Act prohibits

 

34


the declaration of any dividend on MFL’s common shares or the repurchase of MFL’s common shares if MFL fails to maintain the asset coverage of at least 200% of the liquidation preference of the outstanding VRDP Shares. In addition, pursuant to the VRDP Shares’ governing instruments, MFL is restricted from declaring and paying dividends on classes of shares ranking junior to or on parity with the VRDP Shares or repurchasing such shares if MFL fails to declare and pay dividends on the VRDP Shares, redeem any VRDP Shares required to be redeemed under the VRDP Shares’ governing instruments or comply with the basic maintenance amount requirement of the agencies rating the VRDP Shares.

MFL’s VRDP Holders have voting rights equal to MFL’s common shareholders (one vote per Share) and will vote together with such common shareholders (one vote per Share) as a single class. However, MFL’s VRDP Holders, voting as a separate class, are also entitled to elect two Board Members for MFL. In addition, the 1940 Act requires that along with approval by shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of a 1940 Act Majority of the VRDP Holders of MFL, voting separately as a class, would be required to (a) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the VRDP Shares of MFL, (b) change MFL’s sub-classification as a closed-end management investment company or change its fundamental investment restrictions or (c) change its business so as to cease to be an investment company.

On April 17, 2014, MFL commenced a special rate period ending April 15, 2021 with respect to its VRDP Shares (the “Special Rate Period”). This Special Rate Period was extended and is currently set to expire on April 15, 2022. The VRDP Holders and the applicable Fund may mutually agree to extend the Special Rate Period prior to the expiration of the Special Rate Period. If the Special Rate Period is not extended, the VRDP Shares will revert to remarketable securities upon the termination of the Special Rate Period and will be remarketed and available for purchase by qualified institutional investors. The Liquidity Facility remains in effect for the duration of the Special Rate Period and the VRDP Shares are still subject to mandatory redemption by the applicable Fund on their respective mandatory redemption date. However, the VRDP Shares will not be remarketed or subject to optional or mandatory tender events during such time. The short-term ratings of the VRDP Shares were withdrawn by Moody’s, Fitch and/or S&P upon the commencement of the Special Rate Period. Short-term ratings may be re-assigned upon the termination of the Special Rate Period.

During the Special Rate Period, MFL is required to maintain the same asset coverage, basic maintenance amount and leverage requirements for the VRDP Shares as was required prior to the Special Rate Period.

During the Special Rate Period, MFL will not pay nominal fees to the liquidity provider and remarketing agent, but will instead pay dividends monthly based on the sum of Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) Municipal Swap Index and a percentage per annum based on the long-term ratings assigned to the VRDP Shares (“Ratings Spread”).

As of December 6, 2021, the MFL VRDP Shares were assigned long-term ratings of Aa1 from Moody’s and AA from Fitch. The annualized dividend rate of the MFL VRDP Shares for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 was 0.91%

The Ratings Spread will increase in the event the VRDP Shares are rated below Aaa/AA by all of the rating agencies rating the VRDP Shares at the time such Ratings Spread is determined, up to a maximum of 4.00% in the event the VRDP Shares are either rated below Baa3/BBB- by at least one of the rating agencies then rating the VRDP Shares or not rated by any rating agency.

Under MFL’s Fee Agreement with the liquidity provider, to the extent the liquidity provider together with certain affiliates individually or in the aggregate own at least 20% of the outstanding VRDP Shares and MFL has not failed to pay dividends on the VRDP Shares for two years, the liquidity provider agreed to enter into and maintain a voting trust agreement and convey into the voting trust the right to vote all of its VRDP Shares owned by it or such affiliates, with respect to: (i) the election of the two members of the Board for which VRDP Holders are entitled to vote under the 1940 Act and all other rights given to VRDP Holders with respect to the election of

 

35


the Board; (ii) the conversion of MFL from a closed-end management investment company to an open-end fund, or to change the Fund’s classification from diversified to non-diversified; (iii) the deviation from a policy in respect of concentration of investments in any particular industry or group of industries as recited in MFL’s registration statement; and (iv) borrowing money, issuing senior securities, underwriting securities issued by other persons, purchasing or selling real estate or commodities or making loans to other persons other than in accordance with the recitals of policy with respect thereto in MFL’s registration statement.

If the Special Rate Period is not extended, the VRDP Shares will revert back to remarketable securities and will be remarketed and available for purchase by qualified institutional investors. There is no assurance that the VRDP Shares will be remarketed or purchased by investors after the termination of the Special Rate Period. If the VRDP Shares are not remarketed or purchased, then a failed remarketing will occur. As described above, in the event of a failed remarketing, the dividend rate of the VRDP Shares will be reset to the maximum rate and the VRDP Shares that have not been remarketed are required to be purchased by the liquidity provider and subject to redemption by MFL after six months of continuous, unsuccessful remarketing.

Description of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund

If the Reorganization Agreement is approved by MFL shareholders, prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, it is expected that the Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares and use the proceeds from such issuance to redeem all of outstanding VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund.

The Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time at the option of the Acquiring Fund. The redemption price per VMTP Share is equal to the liquidation preference per share plus any outstanding unpaid dividends. The Acquiring Fund is required to redeem its VMTP Shares on the term redemption date of the VMTP Shares, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased or unless extended. Six months prior to the term redemption date of the VMTP Shares, the Acquiring Fund is required to begin to segregate liquid assets with the Acquiring Fund’s custodian to fund the redemption. In addition, the Acquiring Fund is required to redeem certain of its outstanding VMTP Shares if it fails to comply with certain asset coverage, basic maintenance amount or leverage requirements.

Dividends on the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares are declared daily and payable monthly based on the sum of the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index and a percentage per annum based on the long-term ratings assigned to such VMTP Shares by the ratings agencies then rating the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares. At the date of issuance, the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares were assigned long-term ratings of Aaa from Moody’s and AAA from Fitch. Subsequent to the issuance of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares, Moody’s completed a review of its methodology for rating securities issued by registered closed-end funds. As of December 6, 2021, the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares were assigned a long-term rating of Aa1 from Moody’s under its new rating methodology. The Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares were assigned a long-term rating of AA from Fitch. The dividend rate on the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares is subject to a step-up spread if the Acquiring Fund fails to comply with certain provisions, including, among other things, the timely payment of dividends, redemptions or gross-up payments, and complying with certain asset coverage and leverage requirements. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, the dividend rate of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares was 1.03%.

The Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares are subject to certain restrictions on transfer, and the Acquiring Fund may also be required to register its VMTP Shares for sale under the Securities Act under certain circumstances. In addition, amendments to the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares’ governing documents generally require the consent of the holders of VMTP Shares.

The Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares rank prior to the Acquiring Fund’s common shares as to the payment of dividends by the Acquiring Fund and distribution of assets upon dissolution or liquidation of the Acquiring Fund. The 1940 Act prohibits the declaration of any dividend on the Acquiring Fund’s common shares or the

 

36


repurchase of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares if the Acquiring Fund fails to maintain asset coverage of at least 200% of the liquidation preference of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding VMTP Shares. In addition, pursuant to the VMTP Shares’ governing instruments, the Acquiring Fund is restricted from declaring and paying dividends on classes of shares ranking junior to or on parity with the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares or repurchasing such shares if the Acquiring Fund fails to declare and pay dividends on the VMTP Shares, redeem any VMTP Shares required to be redeemed under the VMTP Shares’ governing instruments or comply with the basic maintenance amount requirement of the ratings agencies rating the VMTP Shares.

The holders of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares have voting rights equal to the voting rights of the holders of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares (one vote per share) and will vote together with holders of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares (one vote per share) as a single class on certain matters. However, the holders of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, are also entitled to elect two trustees to the Board of the Acquiring Fund. The holders of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares are also entitled to elect the Acquiring Fund’s full board of directors if dividends on the VMTP Shares are not paid for a period of two years. The holders of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares are also generally entitled to a separate class vote to amend the VMTP Shares’ governing documents. In addition, the 1940 Act requires the approval of the holders of a majority of any outstanding VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, to (a) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the VMTP Shares, (b) change the Acquiring Fund’s sub-classification as a closed-end investment company or change its fundamental investment restrictions or (c) change its business so as to cease to be an investment company.

 

37


RISK FACTORS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Comparison of Risks

The Because of their similar investment objectives and investment strategies, each Fund is subject to similar investment risks. With respect to the differences in risks, those risks of MFL that are not shared with the Acquiring Fund are generally as a result of differences in the Funds’ principal investment strategies described above under “Summary—Investment Objective and Policies.”

Each Fund utilizes leverage through the issuance of either VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares and TOBs. See “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Leverage;” “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Leverage Risk;” and “General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Tender Option Bond Risk.” MFL currently leverages its assets through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the issuance of VMTP Shares and TOBs and is expected to continue to leverage its assets after the Closing Date of the Reorganization through the use of VRDP Shares and TOBs. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information about the preferred shares of each Fund.

In the normal course of business, each Fund invests in securities and enters into transactions where risks exist due to fluctuations in the market (market risk) or failure of the issuer of a security to meet all its obligations (issuer credit risk). The value of securities held by the Funds may decline in response to certain events, including those directly involving the issuers whose securities are owned by the Funds; conditions affecting the general economy; overall market changes; pandemics, epidemics and other global health events; local, regional or global political, social or economic instability; and currency and interest rate and price fluctuations. Similar to issuer credit risk, the Funds may be exposed to counterparty credit risk, or the risk that an entity with which the Funds have unsettled or open transactions may fail to or be unable to perform on its commitments.

The Combined Fund will be managed in accordance with the same investment objective and investment strategies and policies, and subject to the same risks, as the Acquiring Fund. Risk is inherent in all investing. An investment in the common shares of the Acquiring Fund should not be considered a complete investment program. Each shareholder should take into account the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective as well as the shareholder’s other investments when considering an investment in the Acquiring Fund. You may lose part or all of your investment in the Acquiring Fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments.

MFL VRDP Shares will be subject to the same risks that currently apply to the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares and will apply to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, assuming the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is completed.

General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund

Municipal Bond Market Risk. Economic exposure to the municipal securities market involves certain risks. The Acquiring Fund’s economic exposure to municipal securities includes municipal securities in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio and municipal securities to which the Acquiring Fund is exposed through the ownership of residual interests in municipal TOBs (“TOB Residuals”). The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital, and during the financial crisis of 2007-2009 these firms’ capital was severely constrained. As a result, some firms were unwilling to commit their capital to purchase and to serve as a dealer for municipal securities. Certain municipal securities may not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available about the municipal securities to which the Acquiring Fund is economically exposed is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Acquiring Fund may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Investment Advisor than would be a fund investing solely in stocks or taxable bonds. The secondary market for municipal

 

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securities, particularly the below investment grade securities to which the Acquiring Fund may be economically exposed, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s ability to sell such securities at attractive prices or at prices approximating those at which the Acquiring Fund currently values them.

In addition, many state and municipal governments that issue securities are under significant economic and financial stress and may not be able to satisfy their obligations. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control. In addition, laws enacted in the future by Congress or state legislatures or referenda could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of municipal securities could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and such holders may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which they are entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Acquiring Fund may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Acquiring Fund’s operating expenses. Any income derived from the Acquiring Fund’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to regulated investment companies (“RICs”).

Municipal Securities Risks. Municipal securities risks include the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for and the value of municipal securities. These risks include:

General Obligation Bonds Risks. General obligation bonds are typically secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the repayment of principal and the payment of interest. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited, however, by provisions of its state constitution or laws, and an entity’s creditworthiness will depend on many factors, including potential erosion of its tax base due to population declines, natural disasters, declines in the state’s industrial base or inability to attract new industries, economic limits on the ability to tax without eroding the tax base, state legislative proposals or voter initiatives to limit ad valorem real property taxes and the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, access to capital markets or other factors beyond the state’s or entity’s control. Accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s maintenance of its tax base.

Revenue Bonds Risks. Revenue or special obligation bonds are typically payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue sources such as payments from the user of the facility being financed. Accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to finance the development of low-income, multi-family housing involve special risks in addition to those associated with municipal securities generally, including that the underlying properties may not generate sufficient income to pay expenses and interest costs. Such bonds are generally non-recourse against the property owner, may be junior to the rights of others with an interest in the properties, may pay interest that changes based in part on the financial performance of the property, may be prepayable without penalty and may be used to finance the construction of housing developments which, until completed and rented, do not generate income to pay interest. Increases in interest rates payable on senior obligations may make it more difficult for issuers to meet payment obligations on subordinated bonds.

 

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Private Activity Bonds Risks. The Acquiring Fund may invest in certain tax-exempt securities classified as “private activity bonds.” These bonds may subject certain investors in the Acquiring Fund to the federal alternative minimum tax.

Moral Obligation Bonds Risks. Municipal bonds may also include “moral obligation” bonds, which are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of such bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question.

Municipal Notes Risks. Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. They may provide interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, bond sales or revenue receipts. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, repayment on the note may be delayed or the note may not be fully repaid, and the Acquiring Fund may lose money.

Municipal Lease Obligations Risks. Also included within the general category of municipal bonds are certificates of participation (“COPs”) issued by government authorities or entities to finance the acquisition or construction of equipment, land and/or facilities. COPs represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) relating to such equipment, land or facilities. Municipal leases, like other municipal debt obligations, are subject to the risk of non-payment. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the issuer for which the issuer’s unlimited taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is frequently backed by the issuer’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the issuer has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult and the value of the property may be insufficient to issue lease obligations. Certain investments in lease obligations may be illiquid.

The ability of issuers of municipal leases to make timely lease payments may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Acquiring Fund, and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal lease experiencing non-payment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Acquiring Fund. Issuers of municipal lease obligations might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Acquiring Fund could experience delays and limitations with respect to the collection of principal and interest on such municipal leases and the Acquiring Fund may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in lease payments, the Acquiring Fund might take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Acquiring Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect the NAV of the Acquiring Fund. When the lease contains a non-appropriation clause, however, the failure to pay would not be a default and the Acquiring Fund would not have the right to take possession of the assets. Any income derived from the Acquiring Fund’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to regulated investment companies. In addition, the Acquiring Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code, may limit the extent to which the Acquiring Fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets, because as a regulated investment company the Acquiring Fund is subject to certain limitations on its investments and on the nature of its income.

Liquidity of Investments. Certain municipal securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests may lack an established secondary trading market or are otherwise considered illiquid. Liquidity of a security relates to the ability to easily dispose of the security and the price to be obtained and does not generally relate to the credit risk or likelihood of receipt of cash at maturity. Illiquid securities may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments.

 

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The financial markets in general, and certain segments of the municipal securities markets in particular, have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods some securities could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time.

Tax-Exempt Status Risk. In making investments, the Acquiring Fund and the Investment Advisor will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal obligations and payments under tax-exempt derivative securities. Neither the Acquiring Fund nor the Investment Advisor will independently review the bases for those tax opinions. If any of those tax opinions are ultimately determined to be incorrect or if events occur after the security is acquired that impact the security’s tax-exempt status, the Acquiring Fund and its shareholders could be subject to substantial tax liabilities. An assertion by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) that a portfolio security is not exempt from U.S. federal income tax (contrary to indications from the issuer) could affect the Acquiring Fund’s and its shareholders’ income tax liability for the current or past years and could create liability for information reporting penalties. In addition, an IRS assertion of taxability may cause the Acquiring Fund to be ineligible to pay exempt-interest dividends or may impair the liquidity and the fair market value of the securities.

Taxability Risk. The Acquiring Fund intends to minimize the payment of taxable income to shareholders by investing in tax-exempt or municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such securities, however, may be determined to pay, or have paid, taxable income subsequent to the Acquiring Fund’s acquisition of the securities. In that event, the IRS may demand that the Acquiring Fund pay U.S. federal income taxes on the affected interest income, and, if the Acquiring Fund agrees to do so, the Acquiring Fund’s yield could be adversely affected. In addition, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Acquiring Fund as “exempt interest dividends” could be adversely affected, subjecting the Acquiring Fund’s shareholders to increased U.S. federal income tax liabilities. Federal tax legislation may limit the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax-exemption. As a result, current legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of municipal bonds for investment by the Fund. In addition, future laws, regulations, rulings or court decisions may cause interest on municipal securities to be subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal income taxation or interest on state municipal securities to be subject to state or local income taxation, or the value of state municipal securities to be subject to state or local intangible personal property tax, or may otherwise prevent the Acquiring Fund from realizing the full current benefit of the tax-exempt status of such securities. Any such change could also affect the market price of such securities, and thus the value of an investment in the Acquiring Fund.

Alternative Minimum Tax Risk. The Acquiring Fund expects that a portion of the interest or income it produces will be includable in alternative minimum taxable income. Exempt interest dividends also are likely to be subject to state and local income taxes. Distributions of any capital gain or other taxable income will be taxable to shareholders. The Acquiring Fund may not be a suitable investment for investors who are subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to such tax by purchasing shares of the Acquiring Fund. The suitability of an investment in the Acquiring Fund will depend upon a comparison of the after tax yield likely to be provided from the Acquiring Fund with that from comparable tax-exempt investments not subject to the alternative minimum tax, and from comparable fully taxable investments, in light of each such investor’s tax position. Special considerations apply to corporate investors.

Nonpayment Risk. Municipal bonds, like other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of nonpayment. The ability of issuers of municipal securities to make timely payments of interest and principal may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such nonpayment would result in a reduction of income to the Acquiring Fund and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal security experiencing nonpayment and a potential decrease in the net asset value of the Acquiring Fund.

 

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Fixed Income Securities Risks. Fixed income securities in which the Acquiring Fund may invest are generally subject to the following risks:

Interest Rate Risk. The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The Acquiring Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low interest rates, including the Federal Reserve’s recent lowering of the target for the federal funds rate to a range of 0%-0.25% as part of its efforts to ease the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic. The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Acquiring Fund’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Acquiring Fund, but will be reflected in the Acquiring Fund’s NAV. The Acquiring Fund may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by the Acquiring Fund’s management. To the extent the Acquiring Fund invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor (such as mortgage-related securities), the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Acquiring Fund) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the NAV of the Acquiring Fund to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities. These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.

The Acquiring Fund’s use of leverage, as described below, will tend to increase the Acquiring Fund’s interest rate risk. The Acquiring Fund may utilize certain strategies, including taking positions in futures or interest rate swaps, for the purpose of reducing the interest rate sensitivity of fixed income securities held by the Acquiring Fund and decreasing the Acquiring Fund’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Acquiring Fund is not required to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk and may choose not to do so. In addition, there is no assurance that any attempts by the Acquiring Fund to reduce interest rate risk will be successful or that any hedges that the Acquiring Fund may establish will perfectly correlate with movements in interest rates.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in variable and floating rate debt instruments, which generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes than longer duration fixed rate instruments, but may decline in value in response to rising interest rates if, for example, the rates at which they pay interest do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. Conversely, variable and floating rate instruments generally will not increase in value if interest rates decline. The Acquiring Fund also may invest in inverse floating rate debt securities, which may decrease in value if interest rates increase, and which also may exhibit greater price volatility than fixed rate debt obligations with similar credit quality. To the extent the Acquiring Fund holds variable or floating rate instruments, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities, which may adversely affect the NAV of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares.

Issuer Risk. The value of fixed income securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of the assets of the issuer.

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more fixed income securities in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio will decline in price or fail to pay interest or principal when due because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. To the extent the Acquiring Fund invests in below investment grade securities, it will be exposed to a greater amount of credit risk than a fund which only invests in investment grade

 

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securities. In addition, to the extent the Acquiring Fund uses credit derivatives, such use will expose it to additional risk in the event that the bonds underlying the derivatives default. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities. If rating agencies lower their ratings of municipal securities in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio, the value of those securities could decline, which could jeopardize rating agencies’ ratings of Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares or the Combined Fund’s VRDP Shares, as applicable. Because a significant source of income for the Acquiring Fund is the interest and principal payments on the municipal securities in which it invests, any default by an issuer of a municipal security could have a negative impact on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to pay dividends on common shares or any VMTP Shares or VRDP Shares then outstanding and could result in the redemption of some or all of any VMTP Shares or VRDP Shares then outstanding.

Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled. For fixed rate securities, such payments often occur during periods of declining interest rates, forcing the Acquiring Fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities, resulting in a possible decline in the Acquiring Fund’s income and distributions to shareholders. This is known as prepayment or “call” risk. Below investment grade securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met (“call protection”). For premium bonds (bonds acquired at prices that exceed their par or principal value) purchased by the Acquiring Fund, prepayment risk may be enhanced.

Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio will decline if the Acquiring Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed income securities at market interest rates that are below the Acquiring Fund portfolio’s current earnings rate.

Duration and Maturity Risk. The Investment Advisor may seek to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity based on its assessment of current and projected market conditions and all factors that the Investment Advisor deems relevant. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which the issuer of a debt instrument is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result in changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments. Specifically, duration measures the anticipated percentage change in NAV that is expected for every percentage point change in interest rates. The two have an inverse relationship. Duration can be a useful tool to estimate anticipated price changes to a fixed pool of income securities associated with changes in interest rates. For example, a duration of five years means that a 1% decrease in interest rates will increase the NAV of the portfolio by approximately 5%; if interest rates increase by 1%, the NAV will decrease by 5%. However, in a managed portfolio of fixed income securities having differing interest or dividend rates or payment schedules, maturities, redemption provisions, call or prepayment provisions and credit qualities, actual price changes in response to changes in interest rates may differ significantly from a duration-based estimate at any given time. Actual price movements experienced by a portfolio of fixed income securities will be affected by how interest rates move (i.e., changes in the relationship of long-term interest rates to short-term interest rates and in the relationship of interest rates for highly rated securities and rates for below investment grade securities), the magnitude of any move in interest rates, actual and anticipated prepayments of principal through call or redemption features, the extension of maturities through restructuring, the sale of securities for portfolio management purposes, the reinvestment of proceeds from prepayments on and from sales of securities, and credit quality-related considerations whether associated with financing costs to lower credit quality borrowers or otherwise, as well as other factors. Accordingly, while duration maybe a useful tool to estimate potential price movements in relation to changes in interest rates, investors are cautioned that duration alone will not predict actual changes in the net asset or market value of the Acquiring Fund’s shares and that actual price movements in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio may differ significantly from duration-based estimates. Duration differs from maturity in that it takes into account a security’s yield, coupon payments and its principal payments in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be

 

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more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. Any decisions as to the targeted duration or maturity of any particular category of investments or of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio generally will be made based on all pertinent market factors at any given time. The Acquiring Fund may incur costs in seeking to adjust the portfolio’s average duration or maturity. There can be no assurances that the Investment Advisor’s assessment of current and projected market conditions will be correct or that any strategy to adjust the portfolio’s duration or maturity will be successful at any given time.

Leverage Risk. The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the common shareholders. The Acquiring Fund cannot assure you that the use of leverage, if employed, will result in a higher yield on the common shares. Any leveraging strategy the Acquiring Fund employs may not be successful. Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:

 

   

the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;

 

   

the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Acquiring Fund must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;

 

   

the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the common shares than if the Acquiring Fund were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;

 

   

when the Acquiring Fund uses financial leverage, the investment advisory fee payable to the Investment Advisor will be higher than if the Acquiring Fund did not use leverage; and

 

   

leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.

Any decline in the NAV of the Acquiring Fund’s investments will be borne entirely by the common shareholders. Therefore, if the market value of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio declines, leverage will result in a greater decrease in NAV to the common shareholders than if the Acquiring Fund were not leveraged. This greater NAV decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares. While the Acquiring Fund may from time to time consider reducing any outstanding leverage in response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates in an effort to mitigate the increased volatility of current income and NAV associated with leverage, there can be no assurance that the Acquiring Fund will actually reduce any outstanding leverage in the future or that any reduction, if undertaken, will benefit the common shareholders. Changes in the future direction of interest rates are very difficult to predict accurately. If the Acquiring Fund were to reduce any outstanding leverage based on a prediction about future changes to interest rates, and that prediction turned out to be incorrect, the reduction in any outstanding leverage would likely operate to reduce the income and/or total returns to common shareholders relative to the circumstance where the Acquiring Fund had not reduced any of its outstanding leverage. The Acquiring Fund may decide that this risk outweighs the likelihood of achieving the desired reduction to volatility in income and share price if the prediction were to turn out to be correct, and determine not to reduce any of its outstanding leverage as described above.

The Acquiring Fund currently utilizes leverage through the issuance of VMTP Shares (see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds”) and investments in TOB Residuals (see “—Tender Option Bond Risk”). The Combined Fund intends to utilize leverage through the issuance of VRDP Shares (see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds”) and investments in TOB Residuals (see “—Tender Option Bond Risk”). The use of TOB Residuals may require the Acquiring Fund to segregate or designate on its books and records assets to cover its obligations. While the segregated or earmarked assets may be invested in liquid assets, they may not be used for other operational purposes. Consequently, the use of leverage may limit the Acquiring Fund’s flexibility and may require that the Acquiring Fund sell other portfolio investments to pay Fund expenses, to maintain assets in an amount sufficient to cover the Acquiring Fund’s leveraged exposure or to meet other obligations at a time when it may be disadvantageous to sell such assets.

 

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Certain types of leverage used by the Acquiring Fund may result in the Acquiring Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Acquiring Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which issue ratings for the VMTP Shares or VRDP Shares issued by the Acquiring Fund or the governing instrument for the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares or VRDP Shares. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective and policies.

While there are any preferred shares of the Acquiring Fund outstanding, the Acquiring Fund may not declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common shares, unless at the time of such declaration, (i) all accrued preferred shares dividends have been paid and (ii) the value of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution), less all liabilities and indebtedness of the Acquiring Fund, is at least 200% (as required by the 1940 Act) of the liquidation preference of the outstanding preferred shares (expected to equal the aggregate original purchase price of the outstanding preferred shares plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared on a cumulative basis). This limitation on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to make distributions on its common shares could in certain circumstances impair the ability of the Acquiring Fund to maintain its qualification for taxation as a regulated investment company under the Code. The Acquiring Fund may, however, to the extent possible, purchase or redeem preferred shares from time to time to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements and may pay special dividends to the holders of the preferred shares in certain circumstances in connection with any such impairment of the Acquiring Fund’s status as a regulated investment company under the Code.

In addition to the foregoing, the use of leverage treated as indebtedness of the Acquiring Fund for U.S. federal income tax purposes may reduce the amount of Acquiring Fund dividends that are otherwise eligible for the dividends received deduction in the hands of corporate shareholders.

The Acquiring Fund may utilize leverage through investment derivatives. The use of certain derivatives will require the Acquiring to segregate assets to cover its obligations. While the segregated assets may be invested in liquid assets, they may not be used for other operational purposes. Consequently, the use of leverage may limit the Acquiring Fund’s flexibility and may require that the Acquiring Fund sell other portfolio investments to pay Acquiring Fund expenses, to maintain assets in an amount sufficient to cover the Acquiring Fund’s leveraged exposure or to meet other obligations at a time when it may be disadvantageous to sell such assets.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies. Such investment companies may also be leveraged, and will therefore be subject to the leverage risks described above. This additional leverage may in certain market conditions reduce the NAV of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares and the returns to the common shareholders.

Tender Option Bond Risk. The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the use of TOB Residuals, which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which the Acquiring Fund may invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Acquiring Fund. There is no assurance that the Acquiring Fund’s strategy of using TOB Residuals to leverage its assets will be successful.

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (a “TOB Trust”). A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: short-term floating rate interests (“TOB Floaters”), which are sold to third-party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are

 

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enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement provided by a third-party bank or other financial institution (the “TOBs Liquidity Provider”) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). The Acquiring Fund, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust. As result, distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal bond interest rates. Distributions on the TOB Residuals paid to the Acquiring Fund will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. The amount of such reduction or increase is a function, in part, of the amount of TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust relative to the amount of the TOB Residuals that it sells. The greater the amount of TOB Floaters sold relative to the TOB Residuals, the more volatile the distributions on the TOB Residuals will be. Short-term interest rates are at historic lows and may be more likely to rise in the current market environment.

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and the Acquiring Fund, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

Any economic leverage achieved through the Acquiring Fund’s investment in TOB Residuals will increase the possibility that common share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of the TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust exceeds the return on the securities in the TOB Trust. If the income and gains earned on municipal securities owned by a TOB Trust that issues TOB Residuals to the Acquiring Fund are greater than the payments due on the TOB Floaters issued by the TOB Trust, the Acquiring Fund’s returns will be greater than if it had not invested in the TOB Residuals.

Although the Acquiring Fund generally would unwind a TOB transaction rather than try to sell a TOB Residual, if it did try to sell a TOB Residual, its ability to do so would depend on the liquidity of the TOB Residual. TOB Residuals have varying degrees of liquidity based, among other things, upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in the TOB Trust. The market price of TOB Residuals is more volatile than the underlying municipal bonds due to leverage.

The leverage attributable to the Acquiring Fund’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be collapsed without the consent of the Acquiring Fund upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Acquiring Fund) whereas in other termination events, the holders of TOB Floaters and the TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Acquiring Fund invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which the Acquiring Fund is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the balance, if any, of the amount owed under the liquidity facility over the liquidation proceeds (the “Liquidation Shortfall”). As a result, if the Acquiring Fund invests in a recourse TOB Trust, the Acquiring Fund will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall.

The use of TOB Residuals will require the Acquiring Fund to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to any TOB Floaters, plus any accrued but unpaid interest due on the TOB Floaters, issued by TOB Trusts sponsored by, or on behalf of, the Acquiring Fund that are not owned by the Acquiring Fund. The use of TOB Residuals may also require the Acquiring Fund to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to loans provided by the TOBs Liquidity Provider to the TOB Trust to purchase tendered TOB Floaters. While the

 

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segregated assets may be invested in liquid securities, they may not be used for other operational purposes. Consequently, the use of leverage through TOB Residuals may limit the Acquiring Fund’s flexibility and may require that the Acquiring Fund sell other portfolio investments to pay the Acquiring Fund’s expenses, to maintain assets in an amount sufficient to cover the Acquiring Fund’s leveraged exposure or to meet other obligations at a time when it may be disadvantageous to sell such assets. Future regulatory requirements or SEC guidance may necessitate more onerous contractual or regulatory requirements, which may increase the costs or reduce the degree of potential economic benefits of TOB Trust transactions or limit the Acquiring Fund’s ability to enter into or manage TOB Trust transactions.

The Acquiring Fund structures and “sponsors” the TOB Trusts in which it holds TOB Residuals and has certain duties and responsibilities, which may give rise to certain additional risks including, but not limited to, compliance, securities law and operational risks.

The SEC and various federal banking and housing agencies adopted credit risk retention rules for securitizations (the “Risk Retention Rules”). The Risk Retention Rules require the sponsor of a TOB Trust to retain at least 5% of the credit risk of the underlying assets supporting the TOB Trust’s municipal bonds. The Risk Retention Rules may adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s ability to engage in TOB Trust transactions or increase the costs of such transactions in certain circumstances.

TOB Trusts constitute an important component of the municipal bond market. Any modifications or changes to the rules governing TOB Trusts may adversely impact the municipal market and the Acquiring Fund, including through reduced demand for and liquidity of municipal bonds and increased financing costs for municipal issuers. The ultimate impact of any potential modifications on the TOB market and the overall municipal market is not yet certain.

Please see “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Leverage—Tender Option Bonds” for additional information.

Insurance Risk. With respect to an insured municipal security, insurance guarantees that interest payments on the municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. Insurance is expected to protect the Acquiring Fund against losses caused by a municipal security issuer’s failure to make interest and principal payments. However, insurance does not protect the Acquiring Fund or its shareholders against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. Also, the Acquiring Fund cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. Certain significant providers of insurance for municipal securities incurred significant losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower credit quality investments that experienced defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. These losses have reduced the insurers’ capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such insurance if they are called upon to do so in the future. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. The Acquiring Fund may lose money on its investment if the insurance company does not make payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.

Yield and Ratings Risk. The yields on debt obligations are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, the financial condition of the issuer, the size of the offering, the maturity of the obligation and the ratings of the issue. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch, which are described in Appendix C, represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices.

 

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Subsequent to its purchase by the Acquiring Fund, a rated security may cease to be rated. The Investment Advisor will consider such an event in determining whether the Acquiring Fund should continue to hold the security.

Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Investment Advisor also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Acquiring Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Investment Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Acquiring Fund invests in rated securities.

“High Yield” Securities Risk. Subject to its investment policies, the Acquiring Fund may invest in securities rated, at the time of investment, below investment grade quality such as those rated Ba or below by Moody’s, BB or below by S&P or Fitch, or securities comparably rated by other rating agencies or in unrated securities determined by the Investment Advisor to be of comparable quality. Such securities, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, are predominantly speculative with respect to the capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the security and generally involve greater price volatility than securities in higher rating categories. Often the protection of interest and principal payments with respect to such securities may be very moderate and issuers of such securities face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments.

Lower grade securities, though high yielding, are characterized by high risk. They may be subject to certain risks with respect to the issuing entity and to greater market fluctuations than certain lower yielding, higher rated securities. The secondary market for lower grade securities may be less liquid than that of higher rated securities. Adverse conditions could make it difficult at times for the Acquiring Fund to sell certain securities or could result in lower prices than those used in calculating the Acquiring Fund’s NAV.

The prices of fixed-income securities generally are inversely related to interest rate changes; however, the price volatility caused by fluctuating interest rates of securities also is inversely related to the coupons of such securities. Accordingly, below investment grade securities may be relatively less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher quality securities of comparable maturity because of their higher coupon. The investor receives this higher coupon in return for bearing greater credit risk. The higher credit risk associated with below investment grade securities potentially can have a greater effect on the value of such securities than may be the case with higher quality issues of comparable maturity.

Lower grade securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities. The ratings of Moody’s, S&P, Fitch and other rating agencies represent their opinions as to the quality of the obligations which they undertake to rate. Ratings are relative and subjective and, although ratings may be useful in evaluating the safety of interest and principal payments, they do not evaluate the market value risk of such obligations. Although these ratings may be an initial criterion for selection of portfolio investments, the Investment Advisor also will independently evaluate these securities and the ability of the issuers of such securities to pay interest and principal. To the extent that the Acquiring Fund invests in lower grade securities that have not been rated by a rating agency, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Investment Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Acquiring Fund invests in rated securities.

Unrated Securities Risk. Because the Acquiring Fund may purchase securities that are not rated by any rating organization, the Investment Advisor may, after assessing their credit quality, internally assign ratings to

 

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certain of those securities in categories similar to those of rating organizations. Some unrated securities may not have an active trading market or may be difficult to value, which means the Acquiring Fund might have difficulty selling them promptly at an acceptable price. To the extent that the Acquiring Fund invests in unrated securities, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective will be more dependent on the Investment Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case when the Acquiring Fund invests in rated securities.

Zero-Coupon Securities Risk. Municipal bonds may include zero-coupon bonds. Zero-coupon securities are bonds that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero-coupon security is entitled to receive the par value of the security.

While interest payments are not made on zero-coupon securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero-coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero-coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero-coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.

The Acquiring Fund accrues income with respect to these securities for U.S. federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero-coupon securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.

Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, the Acquiring Fund is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing in order to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in the Acquiring Fund’s exposure to zero-coupon securities.

In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero-coupon securities. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, the Acquiring Fund’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio.

Variable Rate Demand Obligations Risk. Variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”) are floating rate securities that combine an interest in a long-term municipal bond with a right to demand payment before maturity from a bank or other financial institution. If the bank or financial institution is unable to pay, the Acquiring Fund may lose money.

Indexed and Inverse Securities Risk. Investments in inverse floaters, residual interest TOBs and similar instruments expose the Acquiring Fund to the same risks as investments in fixed income securities and derivatives, as well as other risks, including those associated with leverage and increased volatility. An investment in these securities typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a fixed rate security. Distributions on inverse floaters, residual interest TOBs and similar instruments will typically bear an inverse relationship to short-term interest rates and typically will be reduced or, potentially, eliminated as interest rates

 

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rise. Inverse floaters, residual interest TOBs and similar instruments will underperform the market for fixed rate securities in a rising interest rate environment. Inverse floaters may be considered to be leveraged to the extent that their interest rates vary by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in a reference rate of interest (typically a short-term interest rate). The leverage inherent in inverse floaters is associated with greater volatility in their market values. Investments in inverse floaters, residual interest TOBs and similar instruments that have fixed income securities underlying them will expose the Acquiring Fund to the risks associated with those fixed income securities and the values of those investments may be especially sensitive to changes in prepayment rates on the underlying fixed income securities.

When-Issued, Forward Commitment and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk. The Acquiring Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis (including on a forward commitment or “TBA” (to be announced) basis) and may purchase or sell those securities for delayed delivery. When-issued and delayed delivery transactions occur when securities are purchased or sold by the Acquiring Fund with payment and delivery taking place in the future to secure an advantageous yield or price. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis may expose the Acquiring Fund to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Acquiring Fund will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself.

Repurchase Agreements Risk. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of fixed income securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Acquiring Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. The Acquiring Fund does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Acquiring Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which the Acquiring Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and expenses of enforcing its rights. While repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in fixed income securities, the Acquiring Fund follows procedures approved by the Board that are designed to minimize such risks. The value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Acquiring Fund generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of the Acquiring Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Acquiring Fund could suffer a loss.

Securities Lending Risk. The Acquiring Fund may lend securities to financial institutions. Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Acquiring Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. If a securities lending counterparty were to default, the Acquiring Fund would be subject to the risk of a possible delay in receiving collateral or in recovering the loaned securities, or to a possible loss of rights in the collateral. In the event a borrower does not return the Acquiring Fund’s securities as agreed, the Acquiring Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated, plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities. This event could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Acquiring Fund. The Acquiring Fund could lose money if its short-term investment of the collateral declines in value over the period of the loan. Substitute payments for dividends received by the Acquiring Fund for securities loaned out by the Acquiring Fund will generally not be considered qualified dividend income. The securities lending agent will

 

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take the tax effects on shareholders of this difference into account in connection with the Acquiring Fund’s securities lending program. Substitute payments received on tax-exempt securities loaned out will generally not be tax-exempt income.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities Risk. The Acquiring Fund may invest in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Acquiring Fund may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Acquiring Fund could sell such investments if they were more widely-traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Acquiring Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Acquiring Fund’s NAV and ability to make dividend distributions. The financial markets have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods, some investments could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time.

Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, or that may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. For example, Rule 144A under the Securities Act provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers, such as the Acquiring Fund. However, an insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing the Rule 144A-eligible securities that the Acquiring Fund holds could affect adversely the marketability of certain Rule 144A securities, and the Acquiring Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices. When registration is required to sell a security, the Acquiring Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and considerable time may pass before the Acquiring Fund is permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If adverse market conditions develop during this period, the Acquiring Fund might obtain a less favorable price than the price that prevailed when the Acquiring Fund decided to sell. The Acquiring Fund may be unable to sell restricted and other illiquid investments at opportune times or prices.

Investment Companies Risk. Subject to the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act and the Acquiring Fund’s governing documents or as otherwise permitted by the SEC, the Acquiring Fund may acquire shares in other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and business development companies (“BDCs”). The market value of the shares of other investment companies may differ from their NAV. As an investor in investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, the Acquiring Fund would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses. As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs.

The securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, in which the Acquiring Fund may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Acquiring Fund may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs or BDCs, that use leverage may expose the Acquiring Fund to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Acquiring Fund’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of the Acquiring Fund’s common shares) will be diminished.

ETFs are generally not actively managed and may be affected by a general decline in market segments relating to its index. An ETF typically invests in securities included in, or representative of, its index regardless of their investment merits and does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets.

Strategic Transactions and Derivatives Risk. The Acquiring Fund may engage in various derivative transactions or portfolio strategies (“Strategic Transactions”) for duration management and other investment and

 

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risk management purposes, including to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio resulting from trends in the securities markets and changes in interest rates or to protect the Acquiring Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of its portfolio securities, to facilitate the sale of portfolio securities for investment purposes or to establish a position in the securities markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing particular securities or to enhance income or gain. Derivatives are financial contracts or instruments whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index (or relationship between two indices). The Acquiring Fund also may use derivatives to add leverage to the portfolio and/or to hedge against increases in the Acquiring Fund’s costs associated with any leverage strategy that it may employ. The use of Strategic Transactions to enhance current income may be particularly speculative.

Strategic Transactions involve risks. The risks associated with Strategic Transactions include (i) the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, (ii) the possible default of the counterparty to the transaction, (iii) illiquidity of the derivative instruments, and (iv) high volatility losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited. Although both over-the-counter (“OTC”) and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, OTC non-standardized derivative transactions are generally less liquid than exchange-traded instruments. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on exchanges on which the Acquiring Fund may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting the Acquiring Fund to the potential of greater losses. Furthermore, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to successfully use Strategic Transactions depends on the Investment Advisor’s ability to predict pertinent securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors, which cannot be assured. The use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Acquiring Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Acquiring Fund can realize on an investment or may cause the Acquiring Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. Additionally, segregated or earmarked liquid assets, amounts paid by the Acquiring Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions are not otherwise available to the Acquiring Fund for investment purposes.

Exchange-traded derivatives and OTC derivative transactions submitted for clearing through a central counterparty have become subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse, as well as possible margin requirements mandated by the SEC or the CFTC. The CFTC and federal banking regulators also have imposed margin requirements on non-cleared OTC derivatives, and the SEC has finalized its non-cleared margin requirements for security-based swaps, which are expected to go into effect in late 2021 after a compliance period. Applicable margin requirements may increase the overall costs for the Acquiring Fund.

Many OTC derivatives are valued on the basis of dealers’ pricing of these instruments. However, the price at which dealers value a particular derivative and the price that the same dealers would actually be willing to pay for such derivative should the Acquiring Fund wish or be forced to sell such position may be materially different. Such differences can result in an overstatement of the Acquiring Fund’s NAV and may materially adversely affect the Acquiring Fund in situations in which the Acquiring Fund is required to sell derivative instruments.

While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Acquiring Fund’s hedging transactions will be effective.

Derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the Acquiring Fund to greater risk and increase its costs. Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of

 

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the regulation is not yet known and may not be known for some time. New regulation may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.

On October 28, 2020, the SEC adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies (“Rule 18f-4”). The Acquiring Fund will be required to implement and comply with Rule 18f-4 by August 19, 2022. Once implemented, Rule 18f-4 will impose limits on the amount of derivatives a fund can enter into, eliminate the asset segregation framework currently used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the 1940 Act, treat derivatives as senior securities and require funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure amount to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.

In addition, other future regulatory developments may impact the Trust’s ability to invest or remain invested in certain derivatives. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Trust itself is regulated. The Advisor cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of the Trust to use swaps or any other financial derivative product, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

The Acquiring Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks such as credit risk, currency risk, leverage risk, liquidity risk, correlation risk, index risk and volatility as described below:

 

   

Credit Risk—the risk that the counterparty in a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Acquiring Fund, or the risk that the reference entity in a derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations. In particular, derivatives traded in over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets often are not guaranteed by an Exchange (as defined herein) or clearing corporation and often do not require payment of margin, and to the extent that the Acquiring Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties, the Acquiring Fund is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor their obligations.

 

   

Currency Risk—the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.

 

   

Leverage Risk—the risk associated with certain types of investments or trading strategies (such as, for example, borrowing money to increase the amount of investments) that relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. Certain transactions in derivatives (such as futures transactions or sales of put options) involve substantial leverage risk and may expose the Acquiring Fund to potential losses that exceed the amount originally invested by the Acquiring Fund. When the Acquiring Fund engages in such a transaction, the Acquiring Fund will deposit in a segregated account, or earmark on its books and records, liquid assets with a value at least equal to the Acquiring Fund’s exposure, on a mark-to-market basis, to the transaction (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). Such segregation or earmarking will ensure that the Acquiring Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction, but will not limit the Acquiring Fund’s exposure to loss.

 

   

Liquidity Risk—the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Acquiring Fund would like or at the price that the Acquiring Fund as seller believes the security is currently worth. There can be no assurances that, at any specific time, either a liquid secondary market will exist for a derivative or the Acquiring Fund will otherwise be able to sell such instrument at an acceptable price. It may, therefore, not be possible to close a position in a derivative without incurring substantial losses, if at all. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Acquiring Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. Although both OTC and exchange-traded derivatives markets may experience a lack of liquidity, certain derivatives traded in OTC markets, including indexed securities, swaps and OTC options, involve substantial illiquidity risk. The illiquidity of the derivatives markets may be due to various factors, including congestion, disorderly markets, limitations on deliverable supplies, the participation of

 

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speculators, government regulation and intervention, and technical and operational or system failures. In addition, the liquidity of a secondary market in an exchange-traded derivative contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in an exchange-traded contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. If it is not possible to close an open derivative position entered into by the Acquiring Fund, the Acquiring Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin in the event of adverse price movements. In such a situation, if the Acquiring Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

 

   

Correlation Risk—the risk that changes in the value of a derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which the Acquiring Fund seeks exposure through the use of the derivative. There are a number of factors which may prevent a derivative instrument from achieving the desired correlation (or inverse correlation) with an underlying asset, rate or index, such as the impact of fees, expenses and transaction costs, the timing of pricing, and disruptions or illiquidity in the markets for such derivative instrument.

 

   

Index Risk—if the derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index. If the index changes, the Acquiring Fund could receive lower interest payments or experience a reduction in the value of the derivative to below the price that the Acquiring Fund paid for such derivative. Certain indexed securities, including inverse securities (which move in an opposite direction to the index), may create leverage, to the extent that they increase or decrease in value at a rate that is a multiple of the changes in the applicable index.

 

   

Volatility Risk—the risk that the Acquiring Fund’s use of derivatives may reduce income or gain and/or increase volatility. Volatility is defined as the characteristic of a security, an index or a market to fluctuate significantly in price over a defined time period. The Acquiring Fund could suffer losses related to its derivative positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited.

When a derivative is used as a hedge against a position that the Acquiring Fund holds, any loss generated by the derivative generally should be substantially offset by gains on the hedged investment, and vice versa. While hedging can reduce or eliminate losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains. Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurances that the Acquiring Fund’s hedging transactions will be effective. The Acquiring Fund could also suffer losses related to its derivative positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited. BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Investment Advisor”) may not be able to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates and other economic factors, which could cause the Acquiring Fund’s derivatives positions to lose value. In addition, some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations than other securities. The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting inability of the Acquiring Fund to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose the Acquiring Fund to losses and could make derivatives more difficult for the Acquiring Fund to value accurately.

When engaging in a hedging transaction, the Acquiring Fund may determine not to seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments utilized and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such an imperfect correlation may prevent the Acquiring Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Acquiring Fund to a risk of loss. The Acquiring Fund may also determine not to hedge against a particular risk because it does not regard the probability of the risk occurring to be sufficiently high as to justify the cost of the hedge or because it does not foresee the occurrence of the risk. It may not be possible for the Acquiring Fund to hedge against a change or event at attractive prices or at a price sufficient to protect the assets of the Acquiring Fund from the decline in value of the portfolio positions anticipated as a result of such change. The Acquiring Fund may also be restricted in its ability to effectively manage the portion of its assets that are segregated or earmarked to cover its obligations. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge at all against certain risks.

 

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If the Acquiring Fund invests in a derivative instrument it could lose more than the principal amount invested. Moreover, derivatives raise certain tax, legal, regulatory and accounting issues that may not be presented by investments in securities, and there is some risk that certain issues could be resolved in a manner that could adversely impact the performance of the Acquiring Fund.

The Acquiring Fund is not required to use derivatives or other portfolio strategies to seek to increase return or to seek to hedge its portfolio and may choose not to do so. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurances that the Acquiring Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. Although the Investment Advisor seeks to use derivatives to further the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective, there is no assurance that the use of derivatives will achieve this result.

Options Risk. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded OTC or on a recognized securities exchange (e.g., NYSE), separate trading boards of a securities exchange or through a market system that provides contemporaneous transaction pricing information (an “exchange”) may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Futures Transactions and Options Risk. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts and options are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by the Acquiring Fund and the price of the futures contract or option; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Investment Advisor’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) the possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations.

Investment in futures contracts involves the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective when there is imperfect correlation between the movements in the prices of two financial instruments. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of the hedged security, the Acquiring Fund will experience either a loss or gain on the futures contract which is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Acquiring Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Acquiring Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically lower than that of the futures contracts.

The particular securities comprising the index underlying a securities index financial futures contract may vary from the securities held by the Acquiring Fund. As a result, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to hedge effectively all or a portion of the value of its securities through the use of such financial futures contracts will depend in part on the degree to which price movements in the index underlying the financial futures contract

 

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correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Acquiring Fund. The correlation may be affected by disparities in the average maturity, ratings, geographical mix or structure of the Acquiring Fund’s investments as compared to those comprising the securities index and general economic or political factors. In addition, the correlation between movements in the value of the securities index may be subject to change over time as additions to and deletions from the securities index alter its structure. The correlation between futures contracts on U.S. Government securities and the securities held by the Acquiring Fund may be adversely affected by similar factors and the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of such futures contracts and the prices of securities held by the Acquiring Fund may be greater. The trading of futures contracts also is subject to certain market risks, such as inadequate trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions.

The Acquiring Fund may liquidate futures contracts it enters into through offsetting transactions on the applicable contract market. There can be no assurances, however, that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures position. In the event of adverse price movements, the Acquiring Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Acquiring Fund has insufficient cash, it may be required to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to hedge effectively its investments in securities. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. The Acquiring Fund will enter into a futures position only if, in the judgement of the Investment Advisor, there appears to be an actively traded secondary market for such futures contracts.

The successful use of transactions in futures and related options also depends on the ability of the Investment Advisor to forecast correctly the direction and extent of interest rate movements within a given time frame. To the extent interest rates remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by the Acquiring Fund or such rates move in a direction opposite to that anticipated, the Acquiring Fund may realize a loss on the Strategic Transaction which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the value of portfolio securities. As a result, the Acquiring Fund’s total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the Strategic Transaction.

Because of low initial margin deposits made upon the opening of a futures position, futures transactions involve substantial leverage. As a result, relatively small movements in the price of the futures contracts can result in substantial unrealized gains or losses. There is also the risk of loss by the Acquiring Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with which the Acquiring Fund has an open position in a financial futures contract. Because the Acquiring Fund will engage in the purchase and sale of futures contracts for hedging purposes or to seek to enhance the Acquiring Fund’s return, any losses incurred in connection therewith may, if the strategy is successful, be offset in whole or in part by increases in the value of securities held by the Acquiring Fund or decreases in the price of securities the Acquiring Fund intends to acquire.

The amount of risk the Acquiring Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of an option on a futures contract also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.

Counterparty Risk. The Acquiring Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts purchased by the Acquiring Fund. Because derivative transactions in which the Acquiring Fund may engage may involve instruments that are not traded on an exchange or cleared through a central counterparty but are instead traded between counterparties based on contractual relationships, the Acquiring

 

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Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under the related contracts. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the Acquiring Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceedings. The Acquiring Fund may obtain only a limited recovery, or may obtain no recovery, in such circumstances. Although the Acquiring Fund intends to enter into transactions only with counterparties that the Investment Advisor believes to be creditworthy, there can be no assurances that, as a result, a counterparty will not default and that the Acquiring Fund will not sustain a loss on a transaction. In the event of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency, the Acquiring Fund’s collateral may be subject to the conflicting claims of the counterparty’s creditors, and the Acquiring Fund may be exposed to the risk of a court treating the Acquiring Fund as a general unsecured creditor of the counterparty, rather than as the owner of the collateral.

The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared OTC derivative transactions since generally a clearing organization becomes substituted for each counterparty to a cleared derivative contract and, in effect, guarantees the parties’ performance under the contract as each party to a trade looks only to the clearing organization for performance of financial obligations under the derivative contract. However, there can be no assurances that a clearing organization, or its members, will satisfy its obligations to the Acquiring Fund, or that the Acquiring Fund would be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited on its behalf with the clearing organization in the event of the default by the clearing organization or the Acquiring Fund’s clearing broker. In addition, cleared derivative transactions benefit from daily marking-to-market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Uncleared OTC derivative transactions generally do not benefit from such protections. This exposes the Acquiring Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Acquiring Fund to suffer a loss. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Acquiring Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties.

In addition, the Acquiring Fund is subject to the risk that issuers of the instruments in which it invests and trades may default on their obligations under those instruments, and that certain events may occur that have an immediate and significant adverse effect on the value of those instruments. There can be no assurances that an issuer of an instrument in which the Acquiring Fund invests will not default, or that an event that has an immediate and significant adverse effect on the value of an instrument will not occur, and that the Acquiring Fund will not sustain a loss on a transaction as a result.

Swaps Risk. Swaps are a type of derivative. Swap agreements involve the risk that the party with which the Acquiring Fund has entered into the swap will default on its obligation to pay the Acquiring Fund and the risk that the Acquiring Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to pay the other party to the agreement. In order to seek to hedge the value of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio, to hedge against increases in the Acquiring Fund’s cost associated with interest payments on any outstanding borrowings or to seek to increase the Acquiring Fund’s return, the Acquiring Fund may enter into swaps, including interest rate swap, total return swap and/or credit default swap transactions. In interest rate swap transactions, there is a risk that yields will move in the direction opposite of the direction anticipated by the Acquiring Fund, which would cause the Acquiring Fund to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect Acquiring Fund performance. In addition to the risks applicable to swaps generally (including counterparty risk, high volatility, liquidity risk and credit risk), credit default swap transactions involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty).

Historically, swap transactions have been individually negotiated non-standardized transactions entered into in OTC markets and have not been subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange-traded instruments. However, since the global financial crisis, the OTC derivatives markets have recently become

 

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subject to comprehensive statutes and regulations. In particular, in the United States, the Dodd-Frank Act requires that certain derivatives with U.S. persons must be executed on a regulated market and a substantial portion of OTC derivatives must be submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses. As a result, swap transactions entered into by the Acquiring Fund may become subject to various requirements applicable to swaps under the Dodd-Frank Act, including clearing, exchange-execution, reporting and recordkeeping requirements, which may make it more difficult and costly for the Acquiring Fund to enter into swap transactions and may also render certain strategies in which the Acquiring Fund might otherwise engage impossible or so costly that they will no longer be economical to implement. Furthermore, the number of counterparties that may be willing to enter into swap transactions with the Acquiring Fund may also be limited if the swap transactions with the Acquiring Fund are subject to the swap regulation under the Dodd-Frank Act.

Credit default and total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its managed assets, the Acquiring Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Total return swap agreements are subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations to the Acquiring Fund thereunder. The Acquiring Fund is not required to enter into swap transactions for hedging purposes or to enhance income or gain and may choose not to do so. In addition, the swaps market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the swaps market could adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s ability to successfully use swaps.

Over-the-Counter Trading Risk. The derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by the Acquiring Fund may include instruments not traded on an exchange. The risk of nonperformance by the counterparty to an instrument may be greater than, and the ease with which the Acquiring Fund can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to an instrument may be less than, the risk associated with an exchange traded instrument. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not traded on an exchange. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges also are not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange traded instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated environment may not be available in connection with the transactions. Because derivatives traded in OTC markets generally are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation, to the extent that the Acquiring Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties, the Acquiring Fund is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations.

Certain derivatives traded in OTC markets, including indexed securities, swaps and OTC options, involve substantial liquidity risk. The absence of liquidity may make it difficult or impossible for the Acquiring Fund to sell such instruments promptly at an acceptable price. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for the Acquiring Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments. The Acquiring Fund will, therefore, acquire illiquid OTC instruments (i) if the agreement pursuant to which the instrument is purchased contains a formula price at which the instrument may be terminated or sold, or (ii) for which the Investment Advisor anticipates the Acquiring Fund can receive on each business day at least two independent bids or offers, unless a quotation from only one dealer is available, in which case that dealer’s quotation may be used. Because derivatives traded in OTC markets are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and generally do not require payment of margin, to the extent that the Acquiring Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties the Acquiring Fund is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations. The Acquiring Fund will attempt to minimize these risks by engaging in transactions in derivatives traded in OTC markets only with financial institutions that have substantial capital or that have provided the Acquiring Fund with a third-party guaranty or other credit enhancement.

Legal and Regulatory Risk. At any time after the date hereof, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Acquiring Fund. Changing approaches to regulation may have a negative impact on the securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Acquiring Fund itself is regulated. There can be no assurance that future legislation,

 

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regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Acquiring Fund or will not impair the ability of the Acquiring Fund to achieve its investment objective. In addition, as new rules and regulations resulting from the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act are implemented and new international capital and liquidity requirements are introduced under the Basel III Accords, the market may not react the way the Investment Advisor expects. Whether the Acquiring Fund achieves its investment objective may depend on, among other things, whether the Investment Advisor correctly forecasts market reactions to this and other legislation. In the event the Investment Advisor incorrectly forecasts market reaction, the Acquiring Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

Dodd-Frank Act Risk. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) (the “Derivatives Title”) imposed a substantially new regulatory structure on derivatives markets, with particular emphasis on swaps (which were subject to oversight by the CFTC) and security-based swaps (which were subject to oversight by the SEC). The regulatory framework covers a broad range of swap market participants, including banks, non-banks, credit unions, insurance companies, broker-dealers and investment advisers. Prudential regulators were granted authority to regulate margining of swaps and security-based swaps of banks and bank-related entities.

Although the CFTC and the prudential regulators have adopted and have begun implementing required regulations, the SEC rules were not finalized until December 2019 and firms have until October 2021 to come into compliance.

Current regulations for swaps require the mandatory central clearing and mandatory exchange trading of particular types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps (together, “Covered Swaps”). The Fund is required to clear its Covered Swaps through a clearing broker, which requires, among other things, posting initial margin and variation margin to the Fund’s clearing broker in order to enter into and maintain positions in Covered Swaps.

Covered Swaps generally are required to be executed through a swap execution facility (“SEF”), which can involve additional transaction fees.

Additionally, under the Dodd-Frank Act, swaps (and both swaps and security-based swaps entered into with banks) are subject to margin requirements and swap dealers are required to collect margin from the Fund and post variation margin to the Fund with respect to such derivatives. Specifically, regulations are now in effect that require swap dealers to post and collect variation margin (comprised of specified liquid instruments and subject to a required haircut) in connection with trading of OTC swaps with the Fund. Shares of investment companies (other than certain money market funds) may not be posted as collateral under these regulations. Requirements for posting of initial margin in connection with OTC swaps (as well as security-based swaps in addition to OTC swaps where the dealer is a bank or subsidiary of a bank holding company) will be phased-in through September 2021. The CFTC has not yet adopted capital requirements for swap dealers. As uncleared capital requirements for swap dealers and uncleared capital and margin requirements for security-based swaps are phased in and implemented, such requirements may make certain types of trades and/or trading strategies more costly. There may be market dislocations due to uncertainty during the implementation period of any new regulation and the Investment Advisor cannot know how the derivatives market will adjust to the CFTC’s new capital regulations and to the new SEC regulations governing security-based swaps.

In addition, regulations adopted by global prudential regulators that are now in effect require certain bank- regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in “qualified financial contracts,” including many derivatives contracts as well as repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties to terminate such contracts, foreclose upon collateral, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of affiliate credit enhancements (such as guarantees) in the event that the bank-regulated counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings.

 

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Regulation as a “Commodity Pool.” The CFTC subjects advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund that is advised by the investment adviser either (i) invests, directly or indirectly, more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or (ii) markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent the Acquiring Fund uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, the Investment Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Investment Advisor is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of the Acquiring Fund.

Legal, Tax and Regulatory Risks. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may have material adverse effects on the Acquiring Fund. For example, the regulatory and tax environment for derivative instruments in which the Acquiring Fund may participate is evolving, and such changes in the regulation or taxation of derivative instruments may have material adverse effects on the value of derivative instruments held by the Acquiring Fund and the ability of the Acquiring Fund to pursue its investment strategies.

To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to RICs, the Acquiring Fund must, among other things, derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and distribute for each taxable year at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (generally, ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) and at least 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any. If for any taxable year the Acquiring Fund does not qualify as a RIC, all of its taxable income for that year (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Acquiring Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.

The Biden presidential administration has called for significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although the Acquiring Fund cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Acquiring Fund’s business, they could adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Acquiring Fund knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Acquiring Fund’s business and the business of the Acquiring Fund’s competitors over the long-term, the Acquiring Fund will not know if, overall, the Acquiring Fund will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. The Acquiring Fund cannot predict how any changes in the tax laws might affect its investors or the Acquiring Fund itself. New legislation, U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions, with or without retroactive application, could significantly and negatively affect the Acquiring Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to its investors and itself of such qualification, or could have other adverse consequences. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in the Acquiring Fund’s shares.

1940 Act Regulation. The Acquiring Fund is a registered closed-end management investment company and as such is subject to regulations under the 1940 Act. Generally speaking, any contract or provision thereof that is

 

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made, or where performance involves a violation of the 1940 Act or any rule or regulation thereunder is unenforceable by either party unless a court finds otherwise.

LIBOR Risk. The Acquiring Fund may be exposed to financial instruments that are tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies or investment value. The Acquiring Fund’s investments may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Acquiring Fund may also obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. Derivative instruments utilized by the Acquiring Fund may also reference LIBOR.

The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced a phase out of LIBOR such that after December 31, 2021, all sterling, euro, Swiss franc and Japanese yen LIBOR settings and the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be published or will no longer be representative, and after June 30, 2023, the overnight, 1- month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be published or will no longer be representative. The Acquiring Fund may have investments linked to other interbank offered rates, such as the Euro Overnight Index Average (“EONIA”), which may also cease to be published. Various financial industry groups have begun planning for the transition away from LIBOR, but there are challenges to converting certain securities and transactions to a new reference rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is intended to replace the U.S. dollar LIBOR).

Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for, and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against, instruments whose terms currently include LIBOR. While some existing LIBOR-based instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate-setting methodology, there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies to replicate LIBOR. Not all existing LIBOR-based instruments may have alternative rate-setting provisions and there remains uncertainty regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to add alternative rate-setting provisions in certain existing instruments. In addition, a liquid market for newly issued instruments that use a reference rate other than LIBOR still may be developing. There may also be challenges for the Acquiring Fund to enter into hedging transactions against such newly issued instruments until a market for such hedging transactions develops. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s performance or NAV.

Risks Associated with Recent Market Events. Stresses associated with the 2008 financial crisis in the United States and global economies peaked approximately a decade ago, but periods of unusually high volatility in the financial markets and restrictive credit conditions, sometimes limited to a particular sector or a geography, continue to recur. Some countries, including the United States, have adopted and/or are considering the adoption of more protectionist trade policies, a move away from the tighter financial industry regulations that followed the financial crisis, and/or substantially reducing corporate taxes. The exact shape of these policies is still being considered, but the equity and debt markets may react strongly to expectations of change, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations are not borne out. A rise in protectionist trade policies, and the possibility of changes to some international trade agreements, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. In addition, geopolitical and other risks, including environmental and public health, may add to instability in world economies and markets generally. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Acquiring Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic, political and/or financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Acquiring Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by such events.

An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in December 2019 and has now developed into a global pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in closing borders, enhanced health screenings, healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and customer activity, as well as general concern and uncertainty. Disruptions in markets can adversely

 

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impact the Acquiring Fund and its investments. Further, certain local markets have been or may be subject to closures, and there can be no certainty regarding whether trading will continue in any local markets in which the Acquiring Fund may invest, when any resumption of trading will occur or, once such markets resume trading, whether they will face further closures. Any suspension of trading in markets in which the Acquiring Fund invests will have an impact on the Acquiring Fund and its investments and will impact the Acquiring Fund’s ability to purchase or sell securities in such market. The outbreak could also impair the information technology and other operational systems upon which the Acquiring Fund’s service providers, including BlackRock, rely, and could otherwise disrupt the ability of employees of the Acquiring Fund’s service providers to perform critical tasks relating to the Acquiring Fund. The impact of this outbreak has adversely affected the economies of many nations and the entire global economy and may impact individual issuers and capital markets in ways that cannot be foreseen. In the past, governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators through the world have at times responded to major economic disruptions with a variety of fiscal and monetary policy changes, including direct capital infusions into companies and other issuers, new monetary policy tools, and lower interest rates. An unexpected or sudden reversal of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of such policies, is likely to increase market volatility, which could adversely affect the Acquiring Fund’s investments. Public health crises caused by the outbreak may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. Other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future could have similar or other unforeseen effects. The duration of this outbreak or others and their effects cannot be determined with certainty.

Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk. The occurrence of events similar to those in recent years, such as the aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, new and ongoing epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases and other global health events, natural/environmental disasters, terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, social and political discord, debt crises (such as the Greek crisis), sovereign debt downgrades, increasingly strained relations between the United States and a number of foreign countries, including traditional allies, such as certain European countries, and historical adversaries, such as North Korea, Iran, China and Russia, and the international community generally, new and continued political unrest in various countries, such as Venezuela and Spain, the exit or potential exit of one or more countries from the European Union (the “EU”) or the European Monetary Union (the “EMU”), continued changes in the balance of political power among and within the branches of the U.S. government, among others, may result in market volatility, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets, and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The coronavirus pandemic has led to illiquidity and volatility in the municipal bond markets and may lead to downgrades in the credit quality of certain municipal issuers.

China and the United States have each recently imposed tariffs on the other country’s products. These actions may trigger a significant reduction in international trade, the oversupply of certain manufactured goods, substantial price reductions of goods and possible failure of individual companies and/or large segments of China’s export industry, which could have a negative impact on the Acquiring Fund’s performance. U.S. companies that source material and goods from China and those that make large amounts of sales in China would be particularly vulnerable to an escalation of trade tensions. Uncertainty regarding the outcome of the trade tensions and the potential for a trade war could cause the U.S. dollar to decline against safe haven currencies, such as the Japanese yen and the euro. Events such as these and their consequences are difficult to predict and it is unclear whether further tariffs may be imposed or other escalating actions may be taken in the future.

The decision made in the British referendum of June 23, 2016 to leave the EU, an event widely referred to as “Brexit,” has led to volatility in the financial markets of the United Kingdom (“UK”) and more broadly across Europe and may also lead to weakening in consumer, corporate and financial confidence in such markets. Pursuant to an agreement between the UK and the EU, the UK left the EU on January 31, 2020. The UK and EU have reached an agreement effective January 1, 2021 on the terms of their future trading relationship relating principally to the trading of goods; however, negotiations are ongoing for matters not covered by the agreement, such as the trade of financial services. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the UK and the EU remains unclear at this stage and ongoing political and economic

 

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uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the UK and in wider European markets may continue for some time. In particular, the decision made in the British referendum may lead to a call for similar referendums in other European jurisdictions which may cause increased economic volatility in the European and global markets. This uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on the ability of the Acquiring Fund and its investments to execute their respective strategies and to receive attractive returns. In particular, currency volatility may mean that the returns of the Acquiring Fund and its investments are adversely affected by market movements and may make it more difficult, or more expensive, if the Acquiring Fund elects to execute currency hedges. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the UK’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of portfolio companies or investments located in the UK or Europe. In light of the above, no definitive assessment can currently be made regarding the impact that Brexit will have on the Acquiring Fund, its investments or its organization more generally.

The occurrence of any of these above events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio. The Acquiring Fund does not know how long the securities markets may be affected by similar events and cannot predict the effects of similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. There can be no assurance that similar events and other market disruptions will not have other material and adverse implications.

Cybersecurity incidents affecting particular companies or industries may adversely affect the economies of particular countries of the world in which the Acquiring Fund invests.

Regulation and Government Intervention Risk. The U.S. Government and the Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments, recently have taken unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, such as implementing stimulus packages, providing liquidity in fixed-income, commercial paper and other markets, and providing tax breaks, among other actions. Such actions may have unintended and adverse consequences, such as causing or contributing to an increased risk of inflation. See “Inflation Risk.” The reduction or withdrawal of Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental support could negatively affect financial markets generally and reduce the value and liquidity of certain securities. Additionally, with the cessation of certain market support activities, the Acquiring Fund may face a heightened level of interest rate risk as a result of a rise or increased volatility in interest rates.

Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the issuers in which the Acquiring Fund invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Acquiring Fund is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Acquiring Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, there appears to be a renewed popular, political and judicial focus on finance related consumer protection. Financial institution practices are also subject to greater scrutiny and criticism generally. In the case of transactions between financial institutions and the general public, there may be a greater tendency toward strict interpretation of terms and legal rights in favor of the consuming public, particularly where there is a real or perceived disparity in risk allocation and/or where consumers are perceived as not having had an opportunity to exercise informed consent to the transaction. In the event of conflicting interests between retail investors holding common shares of a closed-end investment company such as the Acquiring Fund and a large financial institution, a court may similarly seek to strictly interpret terms and legal rights in favor of retail investors. The Acquiring Fund may be affected by governmental action in ways that are not foreseeable, and there is a possibility that such actions could have a significant adverse effect on the Acquiring Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective.

Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Investment Advisor and Others. The investment activities of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”), the ultimate parent company of the Investment Advisor, and its affiliates

 

63


(including BlackRock and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Affiliates”)), and their respective directors, officers or employees, in the management of, or their interest in, their own accounts and other accounts they manage, may present conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the Acquiring Fund and its shareholders. BlackRock and its Affiliates provide investment management services to other funds and discretionary managed accounts that may follow investment programs similar to that of the Acquiring Fund. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, BlackRock and its Affiliates intend to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for their services. Neither BlackRock nor any Affiliate is under any obligation to share any investment opportunity, idea or strategy with the Acquiring Fund. As a result, BlackRock and its Affiliates may compete with the Acquiring Fund for appropriate investment opportunities. The results of the Acquiring Fund’s investment activities, therefore, may differ from those of an Affiliate and of other accounts managed by BlackRock or an Affiliate and it is possible that the Acquiring Fund could sustain losses during periods in which one or more Affiliates and other accounts achieve profits on their trading for proprietary or other accounts. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures designed to address potential conflicts of interests.

Market and Selection Risk. Market risk is the possibility that the market values of securities owned by the Acquiring Fund will decline. There is a risk that equity and/or bond markets will go down in value, including the possibility that such markets will go down sharply and unpredictably.

Stock markets are volatile, and the price of equity securities fluctuates based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular common stock held by the Acquiring Fund. Also, the price of common stocks is sensitive to general movements in the stock market and a drop in the stock market may depress the price of common stocks to which the Acquiring Fund has exposure. Common stock prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in investors’ perceptions of the financial condition of an issuer or the general condition of the relevant stock market, or when political or economic events affecting the issuers occur.

The prices of fixed income securities tend to fall as interest rates rise, and such declines tend to be greater among fixed income securities with longer maturities. Market risk is often greater among certain types of fixed income securities, such as zero-coupon bonds that do not make regular interest payments but are instead bought at a discount to their face values and paid in full upon maturity. As interest rates change, these securities often fluctuate more in price than securities that make regular interest payments and therefore subject the Acquiring Fund to greater market risk than a fund that does not own these types of securities.

When-issued and delayed delivery transactions are subject to changes in market conditions from the time of the commitment until settlement, which may adversely affect the prices or yields of the securities being purchased. The greater the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding commitments for these securities, the greater the Acquiring Fund’s exposure to market price fluctuations.

Selection risk is the risk that the securities that the Acquiring Fund’s management selects will underperform the equity and/or bond market, the market relevant indices or other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies.

Defensive Investing Risk. For defensive purposes, the Acquiring Fund may allocate assets into cash or short-term fixed income securities. In doing so, the Acquiring Fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective. Further, the value of short-term fixed income securities may be affected by changing interest rates and by changes in credit ratings of the investments. If the Acquiring Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash.

Decision-Making Authority Risk. Investors have no authority to make decisions or to exercise business discretion on behalf of the Acquiring Fund, except as set forth in the Acquiring Fund’s governing documents. The authority for all such decisions is generally delegated to the Board, which in turn, has delegated the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund’s investment activities to the Investment Advisor, subject to oversight by the Board.

 

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Management Risk. The Acquiring Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. The Investment Advisor and the individual portfolio managers will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Acquiring Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. The Acquiring Fund may be subject to a relatively high level of management risk because the Acquiring Fund may invest in derivative instruments, which may be highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with equities and bonds.

Valuation Risk. The Acquiring Fund is subject to valuation risk, which is the risk that one or more of the securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests are valued at prices that the Acquiring Fund is unable to obtain upon sale due to factors such as incomplete data, market instability or human error. The Investment Advisor may use an independent pricing service or prices provided by dealers to value securities at their market value. Because the secondary markets for certain investments may be limited, such instruments may be difficult to value. When market quotations are not available, the Investment Advisor may price such investments pursuant to a number of methodologies, such as computer-based analytical modeling or individual security evaluations. These methodologies generate approximations of market values, and there may be significant professional disagreement about the best methodology for a particular type of financial instrument or different methodologies that might be used under different circumstances. In the absence of an actual market transaction, reliance on such methodologies is essential, but may introduce significant variances in the ultimate valuation of the Acquiring Fund’s investments. Technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third-party service providers may also impact the Acquiring Fund’s ability to value its investments and the calculation of the Acquiring Fund’s NAV.

When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed to be inaccurate or unreliable, the Acquiring Fund values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Board. Fair value is defined as the amount for which assets could be sold in an orderly disposition over a reasonable period of time, taking into account the nature of the asset. Fair value pricing may require determinations that are inherently subjective and inexact about the value of a security or other asset. As a result, there can be no assurance that fair value priced assets will not result in future adjustments to the prices of securities or other assets, or that fair value pricing will reflect a price that the Acquiring Fund is able to obtain upon sale, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset will be materially different from quoted or published prices, from the prices used by others for the same security or other asset and/or from the value that actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that security or other asset. For example, the Acquiring Fund’s NAV could be adversely affected if the Acquiring Fund’s determinations regarding the fair value of the Acquiring Fund’s investments were materially higher than the values that the Acquiring Fund ultimately realizes upon the disposal of such investments. Where market quotations are not readily available, valuation may require more research than for more liquid investments. In addition, elements of judgment may play a greater role in valuation in such cases than for investments with a more active secondary market because there is less reliable objective data available. The Acquiring Fund prices its shares daily and therefore all assets, including assets valued at fair value, are valued daily.

Reliance on the Investment Advisor Risk. The Acquiring Fund is dependent upon services and resources provided by the Investment Advisor, and therefore the Investment Advisor’s parent, BlackRock. The Investment Advisor is not required to devote its full time to the business of the Acquiring Fund and there is no guarantee or requirement that any investment professional or other employee of the Investment Advisor will allocate a substantial portion of his or her time to the Acquiring Fund. The loss of one or more individuals involved with the Investment Advisor could have a material adverse effect on the performance or the continued operation of the Acquiring Fund.

Reliance on Service Providers Risk. The Acquiring Fund must rely upon the performance of service providers to perform certain functions, which may include functions that are integral to the Acquiring Fund’s operations and financial performance. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to the Acquiring

 

65


Fund in accordance with the terms of its appointment, to exercise due care and skill or to perform its obligations to the Acquiring Fund at all as a result of insolvency, bankruptcy or other causes could have a material adverse effect on the Acquiring Fund’s performance and returns to common shareholders. The termination of the Acquiring Fund’s relationship with any service provider, or any delay in appointing a replacement for such service provider, could materially disrupt the business of the Acquiring Fund and could have a material adverse effect on the Acquiring Fund’s performance and returns to common shareholders.

Information Technology Systems Risk. The Acquiring Fund is dependent on the Investment Advisor for certain management services as well as back-office functions. The Investment Advisor depends on information technology systems in order to assess investment opportunities, strategies and markets and to monitor and control risks for the Acquiring Fund. It is possible that a failure of some kind which causes disruptions to these information technology systems could materially limit the Investment Advisor’s ability to adequately assess and adjust investments, formulate strategies and provide adequate risk control. Any such information technology-related difficulty could harm the performance of the Acquiring Fund. Further, failure of the back-office functions of the Investment Advisor to process trades in a timely fashion could prejudice the investment performance of the Acquiring Fund.

Cyber Security Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Acquiring Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures by or breaches of the Investment Advisor and other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and administrators), and the issuers of securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Acquiring Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Acquiring Fund has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Acquiring Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Acquiring Fund and issuers in which the Acquiring Fund invests. As a result, the Acquiring Fund or its shareholders could be negatively impacted.

Misconduct of Employees and of Service Providers Risk. Misconduct or misrepresentations by employees of the Investment Advisor or the Acquiring Fund’s service providers could cause significant losses to the Acquiring Fund. Employee misconduct may include binding the Acquiring Fund to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks and unauthorized trading activities, concealing unsuccessful trading activities (which, in any case, may result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses) or making misrepresentations regarding any of the foregoing. Losses could also result from actions by the Acquiring Fund’s service providers, including, without limitation, failing to recognize trades and misappropriating assets. In addition, employees and service providers may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Acquiring Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities. Despite the Investment Advisor’s due diligence efforts, misconduct and intentional misrepresentations may be undetected or not fully comprehended, thereby potentially undermining the Investment Advisor’s due diligence efforts. As a result, no assurances can be given that the due diligence performed by the Investment Advisor will identify or prevent any such misconduct.

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future, as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the common

 

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shares and distributions on those shares can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, interest rates on any borrowings by the Acquiring Fund would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to the common shareholders.

Deflation Risk. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and their revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio.

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Acquiring Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Acquiring Fund. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Acquiring Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in an increased realization of net short-term capital gains by the Acquiring Fund which, when distributed to common shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. Additionally, in a declining market, portfolio turnover may create realized capital losses.

Anti-Takeover Provisions Risk. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Bylaws of the Acquiring Fund include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Acquiring Fund or convert the Acquiring Fund to open-end status or to change the composition of the Board.

 

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A DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS

MFL is organized as a Massachusetts business trust pursuant to its Declaration of Trust governed by the laws of the State of Massachusetts. The Acquiring Fund is formed as a Maryland corporation pursuant to its charter (the “Charter”) and governed by the laws of State of Maryland. Each of MFL and the Acquiring Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. Each Fund’s principal office is located at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, and each Fund’s telephone number is (800) 882-0052.

MFL was organized as a Massachusetts business trust pursuant to a Declaration of Trust governed by the laws of the State of Massachusetts on September 8, 1997, and commenced operations on September 26, 1997.

The Acquiring Fund was formed as a Maryland corporation governed by the laws of the State of Maryland on May 15, 2003, and commenced operations on August 1, 2003. On October 1, 2021, the Acquiring Fund changed its name from “BlackRock Muni Duration Fund, Inc.” to “BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc.”

The Acquiring Fund common shares are listed on the NYSE as “MUI.” MFL’s common shares are listed on the NYSE as “MFL.”

The Acquiring Fund has an April 30 fiscal year end. MFL has an August 31 fiscal year end.

MFL has VRDP Shares outstanding and the Acquiring Fund has VMTP Shares outstanding. Each Fund’s preferred shares are not listed on a national stock exchange and have not been registered under the Securities Act, or any state securities laws, and unless so registered, may not be offered, sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, encumbered or otherwise disposed of except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information.

The Board of Trustees/Directors and Officers

The Board of Trustees of MFL and the Board of Directors of the Acquiring Fund (each, a “Board” and together, the “Boards”) currently consists of thirteen individuals (each, a “Board Member”), eleven of whom are not “interested persons” of each Fund as defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Board Members”). The registered investment companies advised by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates (the “BlackRock-Advised Funds”) are organized into one complex of closed-end funds and open-end non-index fixed-income funds (the “BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex”), one complex of open-end equity, multi-asset, index and money market funds (the “BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex”) and one complex of exchange-traded funds (each, a “BlackRock Fund Complex”). Each Fund is included in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex. The Board Members also oversee as Board members the operations of the other closed-end registered investment companies included in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.

Certain biographical and other information relating to the Board Members and officers of each Fund is set forth below, including their year of birth, their principal occupation for at least the last five years, the length of time served, the total number of investment companies overseen in the BlackRock Fund Complexes and any public directorships or trusteeships.

 

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Please refer to the below table which identifies the Board Members and sets forth certain biographical information about the Board Members for each Fund.

 

Name and Year of Birth(1)

 

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

 

Number of
BlackRock-
Advised
Registered
Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of
Investment
Portfolios
(“Portfolios”)
Overseen(4)

  Other Public
Company or
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five
Years(5)
Independent Board Members(2)
Richard E. Cavanagh
1946
  Co-Chair of the Board and Board Member (Since 2007)   Director, The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America since 1998; Board Chair, Volunteers of America (a not-for-profit organization) from 2015 to 2018 (board member since 2009); Director, Arch Chemicals (chemical and allied products) from 1999 to 2011; Trustee, Educational Testing Service from 1997 to 2009 and Chairman thereof from 2005 to 2009; Senior Advisor, The Fremont Group since 2008 and Director thereof since 1996; Faculty Member/Adjunct Lecturer, Harvard University since 2007 and Executive Dean from 1987 to 1995; President and Chief Executive Officer, The Conference Board, Inc. (global business research organization) from 1995 to 2007.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   None
Karen P. Robards
1950
  Co-Chair of the Board and Board Member (Since 2007)   Principal of Robards & Company, LLC (consulting and private investing) since 1987; Co-founder and Director of the Cooke Center for Learning and Development (a not-for-profit organization) since 1987; Director of Enable Injections, LLC (medical devices) since 2019; Investment Banker at Morgan Stanley from 1976 to 1987.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   Greenhill &
Co., Inc.;
AtriCure,
Inc.
(medical
devices)
from 2000
until 2017
Michael J. Castellano
1946
  Board Member (Since 2011)   Chief Financial Officer of Lazard Group LLC from 2001 to 2011; Chief Financial Officer of Lazard Ltd from 2004 to 2011; Director, Support Our Aging Religious (non-profit) from 2009 to June 2015 and since 2017; Director, National Advisory Board of Church Management at Villanova University since 2010; Trustee, Domestic Church Media Foundation since 2012; Director, CircleBlack Inc. (financial technology company) since 2015.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   None

 

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Name and Year of Birth(1)

 

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

 

Number of
BlackRock-
Advised
Registered
Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of
Investment
Portfolios
(“Portfolios”)
Overseen(4)

  Other Public
Company or
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five
Years(5)
Cynthia L. Egan
1955
  Board Member (Since 2016)   Advisor, U.S. Department of the Treasury from 2014 to 2015; President, Retirement Plan Services, for T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. from 2007 to 2012; executive positions within Fidelity Investments from 1989 to 2007.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   Unum
(insurance);
The
Hanover
Insurance
Group
(insurance);
Envestnet
(investment
platform)
from 2013
until 2016
Frank J. Fabozzi
1948
  Board Member (Since 2007)   Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management since 1986; Professor of Finance, EDHEC Business School (France) since 2011; Visiting Professor, Princeton University for the 2013 to 2014 academic year and Spring 2017 semester; Professor in the Practice of Finance, Yale University School of Management from 1994 to 2011 and currently a Teaching Fellow in Yale’s Executive Programs; Board Member, BlackRock Equity-Liquidity Funds from 2014 to 2016; affiliated professor Karlsruhe Institute of Technology from 2008 to 2011; Visiting Professor Rutgers University for the Spring 2019 semester; Visiting Professor, New York University for the 2019 academic year.   75 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios   None
Lorenzo A. Flores
1964
  Board Member (Since 2021)   Vice Chairman, Kioxia, Inc. since 2019; Chief Financial Officer, Xilinx, Inc. from 2016 to 2019; Corporate Controller, Xilinx, Inc. from 2008 to 2016.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   None

Stayce D. Harris

1959

  Board Member (Since 2021)   Lieutenant General, Inspector General, Office of the Secretary of the United States Air Force from 2017 to 2019; Lieutenant General, Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director, Air Staff, United States Air Force from 2016 to 2017; Major General, Commander, 22nd Air Force, AFRC, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia from 2014 to 2016; Pilot, United Airlines from 1990 to 2020.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   The Boeing
Company

 

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Name and Year of Birth(1)

 

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

 

Number of
BlackRock-
Advised
Registered
Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of
Investment
Portfolios
(“Portfolios”)
Overseen(4)

  Other Public
Company or
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five
Years(5)
J. Phillip Holloman
1955
  Board Member (Since 2021)   President and Chief Operating Officer, Cintas Corporation from 2008 to 2018.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   PulteGroup,
Inc. (home
construction);
Rockwell
Automation
Inc.
(industrial
automation)
R. Glenn Hubbard
1958
  Board Member (Since 2007)   Dean, Columbia Business School from 2004 to 2019; Faculty member, Columbia Business School since 1988.   73 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios   ADP (data
and
information
services);
Metropolitan
Life
Insurance
Company
(insurance);
KKR
Financial
Corporation
(finance)
from 2004
until 2014
W. Carl Kester
1951
  Board Member (Since 2007)   George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School since 2008; Deputy Dean for Academic Affairs from 2006 to 2010; Chairman of the Finance Unit, from 2005 to 2006; Senior Associate Dean and Chairman of the MBA Program from 1999 to 2005; Member of the faculty of Harvard Business School since 1981.   75 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios   None
Catherine A. Lynch
1961
  Board Member (Since 2016)   Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and various other positions, National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust from 2003 to 2016; Associate Vice President for Treasury Management, The George Washington University from 1999 to 2003; Assistant Treasurer, Episcopal Church of America from 1995 to 1999.   75 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios   None

 

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Name and Year of Birth(1)

 

Position(s)
Held
(Length of
Service)(3)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years

 

Number of
BlackRock-
Advised
Registered
Investment
Companies
(“RICs”)
Consisting of
Investment
Portfolios
(“Portfolios”)
Overseen(4)

  Other Public
Company or
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past Five
Years(5)
Interested Board Members(5)      
Robert Fairbairn
1965
  Board Member (Since 2018)   Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. since 2019; Member of BlackRock’s Global Executive and Global Operating Committees; Co-Chair of BlackRock’s Human Capital Committee; Senior Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2010 to 2019; oversaw BlackRock’s Strategic Partner Program and Strategic Product Management Group from 2012 to 2019; Member of the Board of Managers of BlackRock Investments, LLC from 2011 to 2018; Global Head of BlackRock’s Retail and iShares® businesses from 2012 to 2016.   103 RICs consisting of 261 Portfolios   None
John M. Perlowski
1964
  Board Member (Since 2015), President and Chief Executive Officer (Since 2010)   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2009; Head of BlackRock Global Accounting and Product Services since 2009; Advisory Director of Family Resource Network (charitable foundation) since 2009.   105 RICs consisting of 263 Portfolios   None

 

(1) 

The address of each Board Member is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.

 

(2) 

Each Independent Board Member holds office until his or her successor is elected and qualifies, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by each Fund’s by-laws or charter or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which he or she turns 75. Board Members who are “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, serve until their successor is elected and qualifies or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by each Fund’s bylaws or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which they turn 72. The Board may determine to extend the terms of Independent Board Members on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate.

 

(3) 

Date shown is the earliest date a person has served for the Funds covered by this Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus. Following the combination of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) and BlackRock, Inc. in September 2006, the various legacy MLIM and legacy BlackRock fund boards were realigned and consolidated into three new fund boards in 2007. Certain Independent Board Members first became members of the boards of other legacy MLIM or legacy BlackRock funds as follows: Richard E. Cavanagh, 1994; Frank J. Fabozzi, 1988; R. Glenn Hubbard, 2004; W. Carl Kester, 1995; and Karen P. Robards, 1998. Certain other Independent Board Members became members of the boards of the closed-end funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex as follows: Michael J. Castellano, 2011; Cynthia L. Egan, 2016; and Catherine A. Lynch, 2016.

 

(4) 

Dr. Fabozzi, Dr. Kester, Ms. Lynch and Mr. Perlowski are also trustees of the BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund and BlackRock Private Investments Fund.

 

(5) 

Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are both “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of each Fund based on their positions with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates. Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are also board members of the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex.

 

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Information Pertaining to the Officers

Certain biographical and other information relating to the officers of the Funds who are not Board Members is set forth below, including their address and year of birth, principal occupations for at least the last five years and length of time served. With the exception of the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), executive officers receive no compensation from the Funds. The Acquiring Fund compensates the CCO for his services as its CCO.

Each executive officer is an “interested person” of the Funds (as defined in the 1940 Act) by virtue of that individual’s position with BlackRock or its affiliates described in the table below.

 

Name, Address(1),(2)
and Year of Birth

  

Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)

  

Principal Occupations(s)
During Past Five Years

Jonathan Diorio
1980
  

Vice President

(Since 2015)

   Managing Director of BlackRock since 2015; Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2011 to 2015.
Trent Walker
1974
  

Chief Financial Officer

(Since 2021)

   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since September 2019; Executive Vice President of PIMCO from 2016 to 2019; Senior Vice President of PIMCO from 2008 to 2015; Treasurer from 2013 to 2019 and Assistant Treasurer from 2007 to 2017 of PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, 2 PIMCO-sponsored interval funds and 21 PIMCO-sponsored closed-end funds.
Jay M. Fife
1970
  

Treasurer

(Since 2007)

   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007.
Charles Park
1967
  

Chief Compliance Officer

(Since 2014)

   Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for certain BlackRock-advised Funds from 2014 to 2015; Chief Compliance Officer of BlackRock Advisors, LLC and the BlackRock-advised Funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex and the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex since 2014; Principal of and Chief Compliance Officer for iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC since 2012 and BlackRock Fund Advisors (“BFA”) since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer for the BFA-advised iShares® exchange traded funds since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer for BlackRock Asset Management International Inc. since 2012.
Janey Ahn
1975
  

Secretary

(Since 2012)

   Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2018; Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2009 to 2017.

 

(1) 

The address of each executive officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.

 

(2) 

Officers of the Funds service at the pleasure of the Board.

The Investment Advisor

BlackRock Advisors, LLC serves as the investment adviser for each Fund and is expected to continue to serve as investment adviser for the Combined Fund. The Investment Advisor is responsible for the management of each Fund’s portfolio and provides the necessary personnel, facilities, equipment and certain other services necessary to the operations of each Fund.

Each Fund entered into an Investment Management Agreement with the Investment Advisor to provide investment advisory services. For such services, MFL currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of the average daily value of its net assets. The Acquiring Fund currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of an aggregate of (i) its average daily value of its net assets, and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities or borrowings used for leverage. For purposes of calculating these fees, “net

 

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assets” means the total assets of the applicable Fund minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes, including liabilities represented by TOB Trusts and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred shares).

Each Fund and the Investment Advisor have entered into the Fee Waiver Agreement, pursuant to which the Investment Advisor has contractually agreed to waive the management fee with respect to any portion of each Fund’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2023. In addition, effective December 1, 2019, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Investment Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fees by the amount of investment advisory fees each Fund pays to the Investment Advisor indirectly through its investment in money market funds advised by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates, through June 30, 2023. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be continued from year to year thereafter, provided that such continuance is specifically approved by the Investment Advisor and each Fund (including by a majority of each Fund’s Independent Board Members). Neither the Investment Advisor nor the Funds are obligated to extend the Fee Waiver Agreement. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by each Fund (upon the vote of a majority of the Independent Board Members or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of each Fund), upon 90 days’ written notice by each Fund to the Investment Advisor.

Based on a pro forma Broadridge peer expense universe for the Combined Fund, the estimated total annual fund expense ratio (excluding investment-related expenses and taxes) is expected to be in the second quartile and contractual investment advisory fee rate and actual investment advisory fee rate over total assets are each expected to be in the second quartile.

There can be no assurance that future expenses of the Combined Fund will not increase or that any expense savings for any Fund will be realized as a result of the Reorganization.

A discussion regarding the basis for the approval of the Investment Management Agreement by the Board of each Fund is provided in such Fund’s Form N-CSR for MFL’s fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 and for the Acquiring Fund’s semi-annual fiscal period ended October 31, 2021 available at www.sec.gov or by visiting www.blackrock.com.

The Investment Advisor is located at 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of BlackRock. BlackRock is one of the world’s largest publicly-traded investment management firms. As of September 30, 2021, BlackRock’s assets under management were approximately $9,464. BlackRock has over 25 years of experience managing closed-end products and, as of September 30, 2021, advised a registered closed-end family of 55 exchange-listed active funds with approximately $62.7 billion in assets.

BlackRock is a global leader in investment management, risk management and advisory services for institutional and retail clients. BlackRock helps clients meet their goals and overcome challenges with a range of products that include separate accounts, mutual funds, iShares® (exchange-traded funds), and other pooled investment vehicles. BlackRock also offers risk management, advisory and enterprise investment system services to a broad base of institutional investors through BlackRock Solutions®. Headquartered in New York City, as of September 30, 2021, the firm had approximately 17,959 employees in more than 30 countries and a major presence in key global markets, including North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and the Middle East and Africa.

Portfolio Management

MFL is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Theodore R. Jaeckel, Jr., CFA and Walter O’Connor. Messrs. Jaeckel and O’Connor are MFL’s portfolio managers and are responsible for the day-to-day management of MFL’s portfolio and the selection of its investments. Messrs. Jaeckel and O’Connor have been members of MFL’s portfolio management team since 2006.

 

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The Acquiring Fund is managed by a team of investment professionals led by Michael Kalinoski and Michael Perilli. Messrs. Kalinoski and Perilli are the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio managers and are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio and the selection of its investments. Messrs. Kalinoski and Perilli have been members of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio management team since 2017.

The biography of each portfolio manager of the Funds are set forth below:

 

Portfolio Manager

  

Biography

Theodore R. Jaeckel, Jr.    Managing Director of BlackRock since 2006; Managing Director of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) from 2005 to 2006; Director of MLIM from 1997 to 2005.
Walter O’Connor, CFA    Managing Director of BlackRock since 2006; Managing Director of MLIM from 2003 to 2006; Director of MLIM from 1998 to 2003.
Michael Kalinoski    Director of BlackRock since 2006; Director of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) from 1999 to 2006.
Michael Perilli, CFA    Director of BlackRock since 2021; Vice President of BlackRock from 2017 to 2020; Associate of BlackRock from 2008 to 2016.

Following the Reorganization, it is expected that the Combined Fund will be managed by a team of investment professionals led by Messrs. Kalinoski and Perilli.

Other Service Providers

The professional service providers for the Funds are or will be as follows:

 

Service

  

Service Providers to the Funds

Accounting Agent    State Street Bank and Trust Company
Custodian    State Street Bank and Trust Company
Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar    Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
Liquidity Provider to MFL VRDP Shares    Bank of America, N.A.
Remarketing Agent to MFL VRDP Shares    BofA Securities, Inc.
Tender and Paying Agent to MFL VRDP Shares; Redemption and Paying Agent to Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares    The Bank of New York Mellon
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    Deloitte & Touche LLP
Fund Counsel    Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
Counsel to the Independent Board Members    Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP

It is not anticipated that the Reorganization will result in any change in the organizations providing services to the Acquiring Fund as set forth above. As a result of the Reorganization, the service providers to the Acquiring Fund are anticipated to be the service providers to the Combined Fund.

Accounting Agent

State Street Bank and Trust Company provides certain administration and accounting services to the Funds pursuant to an Administration and Fund Accounting Services Agreement (the “Administration Agreement”). Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, State Street Bank and Trust Company provides the Funds with,

 

75


among other things, customary fund accounting services, including computing each Fund’s NAV and maintaining books, records and other documents relating to each Fund’s financial and portfolio transactions, and customary fund administration services, including assisting the Funds with regulatory filings, tax compliance and other oversight activities. For these and other services it provides to the Funds, State Street Bank and Trust Company is paid a monthly fee from the Funds at an annual rate ranging from 0.0075% to 0.015% of each Fund’s managed assets, along with an annual fixed fee ranging from $0 to $10,000 for the services it provides to the Funds.

Custody of Assets

The custodian of the assets of each Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, 225 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. The custodian is responsible for, among other things, receipt of and disbursement of funds from each Fund’s accounts, establishment of segregated accounts as necessary, and transfer, exchange and delivery of Fund portfolio securities.

Transfer Agent, Dividend Disbursing Agent and Registrar

Computershare Trust Company, N.A., 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, serves as each Fund’s transfer agent with respect to such Fund’s common shares.

VRDP Shares Liquidity Provider

Bank of America, N.A. New York, New York 10036, serves as the liquidity provider for MFL VRDP Shares and is expected to serve as the liquidity provider for the VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and the VRDP Shares of the Combined Fund.

VRDP Shares Remarketing Agent

BofA Securities Inc. New York, New York 10036, serves as the remarketing agent for MFL and the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares and is expected serve as the remarketing agent for the VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and the VRDP Shares of the Combined Fund.

VRDP Shares Tender and Paying Agent; VMTP Shares Redemption and Paying Agent

The Bank of New York Mellon, One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, acts as the tender agent, transfer agent and registrar, dividend disbursing agent and paying agent and redemption price disbursing agent with respect to the MFL VRDP Shares and is expected to serve in such capacity with respect to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and the VRDP Shares of the Combined Fund. The Bank of New York Mellon also serves as the redemption agent, transfer agent and registrar, dividend disbursing agent and paying agent and redemption price disbursing agent with respect to the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares.

 

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THE ACQUIRING FUND’S INVESTMENTS

Investment Objective and Policies

The Acquiring Fund’s investment objective is to provide common stockholders with high current income exempt from federal income taxes. The Acquiring Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (including assets acquired from the sale of preferred stock) plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in a portfolio of municipal obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, each of which pays interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (except that the interest may be includable in taxable income for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax) (“MUI Municipal Bonds”). The Acquiring Fund’s investment objective and its policy of investing at least 80% of its net assets (including assets acquired from the sale of preferred stock) plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in MUI Municipal Bonds are fundamental policies that may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding common stock and the outstanding preferred stock, including the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding Series W-7 Variable Rate Muni Term Preferred Shares (“VMTP Shares”), voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding preferred stock, including the VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class. A majority of the outstanding means (1) 67% or more of the stock present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding stock are present or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding stock, whichever is less.

There can be no assurance that the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective will be realized.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in certain tax exempt securities classified as “private activity bonds” (or industrial development bonds, under pre-1986 law) (“PABs”) (in general, bonds that benefit non-governmental entities) that may subject certain investors in the Fund to an alternative minimum tax. The percentage of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets invested in PABs will vary from time to time. The Acquiring Fund has not established any limit on the percentage of its portfolio that may be invested in PABs. The Fund expects that a portion of the interest or income it produces will be includable in alternative minimum taxable income.

Under normal market conditions, the Acquiring Fund invests at least 75% of its total assets in a portfolio of MUI Municipal Bonds that are commonly referred to as “investment grade” securities, which are obligations rated at the time of purchase within the four highest quality ratings as determined by either Moody’s Investor Service Inc. (“Moody’s”) (currently Aaa, Aa, A and Baa), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) (currently AAA, AA, A and BBB) or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) (currently AAA, AA, A and BBB) or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the investment adviser, at the time of investment. In the case of short-term notes, the investment grade rating categories are SP-1+ through SP-2 for S&P, MIG-1 through MIG-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. In the case of tax exempt commercial paper, the investment grade rating categories are A- 1+ through A-3 for S&P, Prime-1 through Prime-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. Obligations ranked in the lowest investment grade rating category (BBB, SP-2 and A-3 for S&P; Baa, MIG-3 and Prime-3 for Moody’s and BBB and F-3 for Fitch), while considered “investment grade,” may have certain speculative characteristics. There may be sub-categories or gradations indicating relative standing within the rating categories set forth above. In assessing the quality of MUI Municipal Bonds with respect to the foregoing requirements, the Investment Advisor takes into account the nature of any letters of credit or similar credit enhancement to which particular MUI Municipal Bonds are entitled and the creditworthiness of the financial institution that provided such credit enhancement. If unrated, such securities will possess creditworthiness comparable, in the opinion of the Investment Advisor, to other obligations in which the Acquiring Fund may invest.

The Acquiring Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in MUI Municipal Bonds that are rated below Baa by Moody’s or below BBB by S&P or Fitch or, if unrated, are considered by the Investment Advisor to possess similar credit characteristics. Such securities, sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, are

 

77


predominantly speculative with respect to the capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the security and generally involve a greater volatility of price than securities in higher rating categories. The Acquiring Fund does not intend to purchase MUI Municipal Bonds that are in default or which the Investment Advisor believes will soon be in default. Below investment grade securities and comparable unrated securities involve substantial risk of loss, are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and any required redemption or principal payments and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments.

The Acquiring Fund may invest 25% or more of its total assets in tax exempt securities of issuers in the industries comprising the same economic sector, such as hospitals or life care facilities and transportation-related issuers. However, the Acquiring Fund will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in any one of the industries comprising an economic sector. In addition, a substantial part of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio may be comprised of securities credit enhanced by banks, insurance companies or companies with similar characteristics. Emphasis on these sectors may subject the Acquiring Fund to certain risks.

If a percentage restriction on investment policies is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changing values will not be considered a violation.

The value of bonds and other fixed income obligations may fall when interest rates rise and rise when interest rates fall. In general, bonds and other fixed income obligations with longer maturities will be subject to greater volatility resulting from interest rate fluctuations than will similar obligations with shorter maturities. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. Unlike final maturity, duration takes account of all payments made over the life of the security. Typically, with a 1% change in interest rates, an investment’s value may be expected to move in the opposite direction approximately 1% for each year of its duration. The greater a portfolio’s duration, the greater the change in the portfolio’s value in response to changes in interest rates. The Investment Advisor increases or reduces the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Investment Advisor expects interest rates to fall, it attempts to maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Investment Advisor expects interest rates to increase, it attempts to shorten the portfolio’s duration. Generally, as is the case with any investment grade fixed income obligations, MUI Municipal Bonds with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields. Under normal market conditions, however, such yield-to-maturity increases tend to decline in the longer maturities (i.e., the slope of the yield curve flattens). At the same time, due to their longer exposure to interest rate risk, prices of longer term obligations are subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Based on the foregoing premises, the Investment Advisor believes that the yield and price volatility characteristics of an intermediate duration portfolio generally offer an attractive trade-off between return and risk. There may be market conditions, however, where an intermediate duration portfolio may be less attractive due to the fact that the MUI Municipal Bond yield curve changes from time to time depending on supply and demand forces, monetary and tax policies and investor expectations. As a result, there may be situations where investments in individual MUI Municipal Bonds with longer durations may be more attractive than individual intermediate duration MUI Municipal Bonds.

For temporary periods or to provide liquidity, the Acquiring Fund has the authority to invest as much as 20% of its total assets in tax exempt and taxable money market obligations with a maturity of one year or less (such short-term obligations being referred to herein as “Temporary Investments”). In addition, the Acquiring Fund reserves the right as a defensive measure to invest temporarily a greater portion of its assets in Temporary Investments, when, in the opinion of the Investment Advisor, prevailing market or financial conditions warrant. Taxable money market obligations will yield taxable income.

The Acquiring Fund also may invest in variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”) and VRDOs in the form of participation interests (“Participating VRDOs”) in variable rate tax exempt obligations held by a financial institution. The Acquiring Fund’s hedging strategies are not fundamental policies and may be modified by the Board without the approval of the Acquiring Fund’s stockholders. The Acquiring Fund is also authorized to invest in indexed and inverse floating obligations for hedging purposes and to seek to enhance return.

 

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Certain MUI Municipal Bonds may be entitled to the benefits of letters of credit or similar credit enhancements issued by financial institutions. In such instances, the Board of Directors of the Acquiring Fund and the Investment Advisor will take into account, in assessing the quality of such bonds, both the creditworthiness of the issuer of such bonds and the creditworthiness of the financial institution that provides the credit enhancement.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in securities not issued by or on behalf of a state or territory or by an agency or instrumentality thereof, if the Acquiring Fund receives an opinion of counsel to the issuer that such securities pay interest that is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities”). Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities could include trust certificates, partnership interests or other instruments evidencing interest in one or more long-term MUI Municipal Bonds. Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities also may include securities issued by other investment companies that invest in MUI Municipal Bonds, to the extent such investments are permitted by the Acquiring Fund’s investment restrictions and applicable law. Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities are subject to the same risks associated with an investment in MUI Municipal Bonds as well as many of the risks associated with investments in derivatives. While the Acquiring Fund receives opinions of legal counsel to the effect that the income from the Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes to the same extent as the underlying MUI Municipal Bonds, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has not issued a ruling on this subject. Were the IRS to issue an adverse ruling or take an adverse position with respect to the taxation of these types of securities, there is a risk that the interest paid on such securities would be deemed taxable at the federal level.

The Acquiring Fund ordinarily does not intend to realize significant investment income not exempt from federal income tax. From time to time, the Acquiring Fund may realize taxable capital gains. Interest received on certain otherwise tax exempt securities that are classified as “private activity bonds” (in general, bonds that benefit non-governmental entities) may be subject to a federal alternative minimum tax. The percentage of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets invested in “private activity bonds” will vary from time to time. Federal tax legislation has limited the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax exemption. As a result, this legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of MUI Municipal Bonds for investment by the Acquiring Fund.

Risk Factors and Special Considerations Relating to MUI Municipal Bonds

The risks and special considerations involved in investment in MUI Municipal Bonds vary with the types of instruments being acquired. Investments in Non-Municipal Tax Exempt Securities may present similar risks, depending on the particular product. Certain instruments in which the Acquiring Fund may invest may be characterized as derivative instruments. See “—Description of MUI Municipal Bonds” and “—Hedging Transactions—Financial Futures Transactions and Options.”

The value of MUI Municipal Bonds generally may be affected by uncertainties in the municipal markets as a result of legislation or litigation, including legislation or litigation that changes the taxation of MUI Municipal Bonds or the rights of MUI Municipal Bond holders in the event of a bankruptcy. Municipal bankruptcies are rare, and certain provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code governing such bankruptcies are unclear. Further, the application of state law to MUI Municipal Bond issuers could produce varying results among the states or among MUI Municipal Bond issuers within a state. These uncertainties could have a significant impact on the prices of the MUI Municipal Bonds in which the Acquiring Fund invests.

Description of MUI Municipal Bonds

Set forth below is a detailed description of the MUI Municipal Bonds and Temporary Investment in which the Acquiring Fund invests. Information with respect to ratings assigned to tax exempt obligations that the Acquiring Fund may purchase is set forth in “Appendix C—Description of Bond Ratings”. Obligations are

 

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included within the term MUI Municipal Bonds if the interest paid thereon is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer.

MUI Municipal Bonds include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, refunding of outstanding obligations and obtaining funds for general operating expenses and loans to other public institutions and facilities. In addition, certain types of PABs are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately owned or operated facilities, including among other things, airports, public ports, mass commuting facilities, multi-family housing projects, as well as facilities for water supply, gas, electricity, sewage or solid waste disposal and other specialized facilities. Other types of PABs, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute MUI Municipal Bonds. The interest on MUI Municipal Bonds may bear a fixed rate or be payable at a variable or floating rate. The two principal classifications of MUI Municipal Bonds are “general obligation” bonds and “revenue” bonds, which latter category includes PABs.

The Acquiring Fund has not established any limit on the percentage of its portfolio that may be invested in PABs. The Acquiring Fund may not be a suitable investment for investors who are already subject to the federal alternative minimum tax or who would become subject to the federal alternative minimum tax as a result of an investment in the Acquiring Fund’s common stock.

General Obligation Bonds. General obligation bonds are typically secured by the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit and taxing power for the repayment of principal and the payment of interest. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited, however, by provisions of its state constitution or laws, and an entity’s creditworthiness will depend on many factors, including potential erosion of its tax base due to population declines, natural disasters, declines in the state’s industrial base or inability to attract new industries, economic limits on the ability to tax without eroding the tax base, state legislative proposals or voter initiatives to limit ad valorem real property taxes and the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid, access to capital markets or other factors beyond the state’s or entity’s control. Accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer’s maintenance of its tax base.

Revenue Bonds. Revenue or special obligation bonds are typically payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue sources such as payments from the user of the facility being financed. Accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue or special obligation bond is a function of the economic viability of such facility or such revenue source. Revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to finance the development of low-income, multi-family housing involve special risks in addition to those associated with municipal securities generally, including that the underlying properties may not generate sufficient income to pay expenses and interest costs. Such bonds are generally non-recourse against the property owner, may be junior to the rights of others with an interest in the properties, may pay interest that changes based in part on the financial performance of the property, may be prepayable without penalty and may be used to finance the construction of housing developments which, until completed and rented, do not generate income to pay interest. Increases in interest rates payable on senior obligations may make it more difficult for issuers to meet payment obligations on subordinated bonds.

Municipal Notes. Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. They may provide interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, bond sales or revenue receipts. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, repayment on the note may be delayed or the note may not be fully repaid, and the Acquiring Fund may lose money.

 

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Municipal Commercial Paper. Municipal commercial paper is generally unsecured and issued to meet short-term financing needs. The lack of security presents some risk of loss to the Acquiring Fund since, in the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, unsecured creditors are repaid only after the secured creditors out of the assets, if any, that remain.

PABs. The Acquiring Fund may purchase municipal bonds classified as PABs. Interest received on certain PABs is treated as an item of “tax preference” for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax and may impact the overall tax liability of certain investors in the Acquiring Fund. PABs, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by, or on behalf of, states, municipalities or public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of PABs, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal bonds, although the federal tax laws may place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. Such bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the entity which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. PABs generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. Therefore, an investor should be aware that repayment of such bonds generally depends on the revenues of a private entity and be aware of the risks that such an investment may entail. The continued ability of an entity to generate sufficient revenues for the payment of principal and interest on such bonds will be affected by many factors including the size of the entity, capital structure, demand for its products or services, competition, general economic conditions, government regulation and the entity’s dependence on revenues for the operation of the particular facility being financed.

Moral Obligation Bonds. Municipal bonds may also include “moral obligation” bonds, which are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If an issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its obligations, the repayment of such bonds becomes a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality in question.

Municipal Lease Obligations. Also included within the general category of municipal bonds are certificates of participation (“COPs”) issued by government authorities or entities to finance the acquisition or construction of equipment, land and/or facilities. COPs represent participations in a lease, an installment purchase contract or a conditional sales contract (hereinafter collectively called “lease obligations”) relating to such equipment, land or facilities. Municipal leases, like other municipal debt obligations, are subject to the risk of non-payment. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the issuer for which the issuer’s unlimited taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is frequently backed by the issuer’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses which provide that the issuer has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult and the value of the property may be insufficient to issue lease obligations. Certain investments in lease obligations may be illiquid. The ability of issuers of municipal leases to make timely lease payments may be adversely impacted in general economic downturns and as relative governmental cost burdens are allocated and reallocated among federal, state and local governmental units. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Acquiring Fund, and could result in a reduction in the value of the municipal lease experiencing non-payment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Acquiring Fund. Issuers of municipal lease obligations might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Acquiring Fund could experience delays and limitations with respect to the collection of principal and interest on such municipal leases and the Acquiring Fund may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in lease payments, the Acquiring Fund might take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuer’s obligations on such securities, which may increase the Acquiring Fund’s operating expenses and adversely affect the NAV of the Acquiring Fund. When the lease contains a non-appropriation clause, however, the failure to pay would not be a

 

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default and the Acquiring Fund would not have the right to take possession of the assets. Any income derived from the Acquiring Fund’s ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt or may fail to generate qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to regulated investment companies. In addition, the Acquiring Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, may limit the extent to which the Acquiring Fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets, because as a regulated investment company the Acquiring Fund is subject to certain limitations on its investments and on the nature of its income.

Zero-Coupon Bonds. Municipal bonds may include zero-coupon bonds. Zero-coupon bonds are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and do not pay interest during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder of a zero-coupon bond is entitled to receive the par value of the security.

While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero-coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero-coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero-coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.

The Acquiring Fund accrues income with respect to these securities for U.S. federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments. Zero-coupon bonds may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals.

Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, the Acquiring Fund is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of other, more liquid portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances or may have to leverage itself by borrowing in order to generate the cash to satisfy these distributions. The required distributions may result in an increase in the Acquiring Fund’s exposure to zero-coupon bonds.

In addition to the above-described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero-coupon bonds. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, the Acquiring Fund’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio.

Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of, and interest on, pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. Government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities.

 

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However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer.

Variable Rate Demand Obligations. Municipal bonds may include Variable Rate Demand Obligations (“VRDOs”), which are tax-exempt obligations that contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and right of demand on the part of the holder thereof to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven days. There is, however, the possibility that because of default or insolvency the demand feature of VRDOs may not be honored. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market value of the VRDOs, at approximately the par value of the VRDOs on the adjustment date. The adjustments typically are based upon SIFMA Municipal Swap Index or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index. The Acquiring Fund may invest in all types of tax-exempt instruments currently outstanding or to be issued in the future which satisfy its short-term maturity and quality standards. VRDOs that contain an unconditional right of demand to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on a notice period exceeding seven days may be deemed to be illiquid securities.

Indexed and Inverse Floating Rate Securities. The Acquiring Fund may invest in MUI Municipal Bonds (and Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities) that yield a return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. For example, the Acquiring Fund may invest in MUI Municipal Bonds that pay interest based on an index of MUI Municipal Bond interest rates. The principal amount payable upon maturity of certain MUI Municipal Bonds also may be based on the value of the index. To the extent the Acquiring Fund invests in these types of MUI Municipal Bonds, the Acquiring Fund’s return on such MUI Municipal Bonds will be subject to risk with respect to the value of the particular index. Interest and principal payable on the MUI Municipal Bonds may also be based on relative changes among particular indices. Also, the Acquiring Fund may invest in so-called “inverse floating rate bonds” or “residual interest bonds” on which the interest rates vary inversely with a short-term floating rate (which may be reset periodically by a Dutch auction, a remarketing agent, or by reference to a short-term tax-exempt interest rate index). The Acquiring Fund may purchase synthetically created inverse floating rate bonds evidenced by custodial or trust receipts. Generally, income on inverse floating rate bonds will decrease when short-term interest rates increase, and will increase when short-term interest rates decrease. Such securities have the effect of providing a degree of investment leverage, since they may increase or decrease in value in response to changes, as an illustration, in market interest rates at a rate which is a multiple (typically two) of the rate at which fixed rate long-term tax-exempt securities increase or decrease in response to such changes. As a result, the market values of such securities will generally be more volatile than the market values of fixed rate tax-exempt securities. To seek to limit the volatility of these securities, the Acquiring Fund may purchase inverse floating rate bonds with shorter-term maturities or limitations on the extent to which the interest rate may vary. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid. See “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Leverage—Tender Option Bond Transactions.”

When-Issued Securities, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments. The Acquiring Fund may purchase or sell securities that it is entitled to receive on a when-issued basis. The Acquiring Fund may also purchase or sell securities on a delayed delivery basis. The Acquiring Fund may also purchase or sell securities through a forward commitment. These transactions involve the purchase or sale of securities by the Acquiring Fund at an established price with payment and delivery taking place in the future. The purchase will be recorded on the date the Acquiring Fund enters into the commitment and the value of the securities will thereafter be reflected in the Acquiring Fund’s NAV. The Acquiring Fund has not established any limit on the percentage of its assets that may be committed in connection with these transactions. At the time the Acquiring Fund enters into a transaction on a when-issued basis, it will segregate or designate on its books and records cash or liquid assets with a value not less than the value of the when-issued securities.

There can be no assurance that a security purchased on a when-issued basis will be issued or that a security purchased or sold through a forward commitment will be delivered. A default by a counterparty may result in the

 

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Acquiring Fund missing the opportunity of obtaining a price considered to be advantageous. The value of securities in these transactions on the delivery date may be more or less than the Acquiring Fund’s purchase price. The Acquiring Fund may bear the risk of a decline in the value of the security in these transactions and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.

If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, the Acquiring Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it has been entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Acquiring Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Acquiring Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss.

When the Acquiring Fund engages in when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Acquiring Fund’s incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous.

The market value of the securities underlying a commitment to purchase securities, and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value, is taken into account when determining the market value of the Acquiring Fund starting on the day the Acquiring Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Acquiring Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date.

Call Rights. The Acquiring Fund may purchase a MUI Municipal Bond issuer’s right to call all or a portion of such MUI Municipal Bond for mandatory tender for purchase (a “Call Right”). A holder of a Call Right may exercise such right to require a mandatory tender for the purchase of related MUI Municipal Bonds, subject to certain conditions. A Call Right that is not exercised prior to maturity of the related MUI Municipal Bond will expire without value. The economic effect of holding both the Call Right and the related MUI Municipal Bond is identical to holding a MUI Municipal Bond as a non-callable security. Certain investments in such obligations may be illiquid.

Yields. Yields on MUI Municipal Bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general condition of the money market and of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the financial condition of the issuer, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The ability of the Acquiring Fund to achieve its investment objective is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of the securities in which the Acquiring Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. There are variations in the risks involved in holding municipal bonds, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. Furthermore, the rights of owners of municipal bonds and the obligations of the issuer of such municipal bonds may be subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws and court decisions affecting the rights of creditors generally and to general equitable principles, which may limit the enforcement of certain remedies.

“High Yield” or “Junk” Bonds. The Acquiring Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in municipal bonds that are rated, at the time of investment, Ba/BB or B by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Investment Advisor. Information with respect to ratings assigned to tax exempt obligations that the Acquiring Fund may purchase is set forth in “Appendix C—Description of Bond Ratings”. MUI Municipal Bonds of below investment grade quality (“Ba/BB” or below) are commonly known as “junk bonds.” Securities rated below investment grade are judged to have speculative characteristics with respect to their interest and principal payments. Such securities may face major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments.

Hedging Transactions

The Acquiring Fund may hedge all or a portion of its portfolio investments against fluctuations in interest rates through the use of options and certain financial futures contracts and options thereon. While the Acquiring Fund’s use of hedging strategies is intended to reduce the volatility of the net asset value of the Acquiring Fund’s

 

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shares of common stock, the net asset value of the Acquiring Fund’s shares of common stock will fluctuate. No assurance can be given that the Acquiring Fund’s hedging transactions will be effective. The Acquiring Fund only may engage in hedging activities from time to time and may not necessarily be engaging in hedging activities when movements in interest rates occur. The Acquiring Fund has no obligation to enter into hedging transactions and may choose not to do so.

Financial Futures Transactions and Options. The Acquiring Fund is authorized to purchase and sell certain exchange traded financial futures contracts (“financial futures contracts”) in order to hedge its investments in MUI Municipal Bonds against declines in value, and to hedge against increases in the cost of securities it intends to purchase or to seek to enhance the Acquiring Fund’s return. However, any transactions involving financial futures or options (including puts and calls associated therewith) will be in accordance with the Acquiring Fund’s investment policies and limitations. A financial futures contract obligates the seller of a contract to deliver and the purchaser of a contract to take delivery of the type of financial instrument covered by the contract, or in the case of index-based futures contracts to make and accept a cash settlement, at a specific future time for a specified price. To hedge its portfolio, the Acquiring Fund may take an investment position in a futures contract which will move in the opposite direction from the portfolio position being hedged. A sale of financial futures contracts may provide a hedge against a decline in the value of portfolio securities because such depreciation may be offset, in whole or in part, by an increase in the value of the position in the financial futures contracts. A purchase of financial futures contracts may provide a hedge against an increase in the cost of securities intended to be purchased because such appreciation may be offset, in whole or in part, by an increase in the value of the position in the futures contracts.

Distributions, if any, of net long term capital gains from certain transactions in futures or options are taxable at long term capital gains rates for federal income tax purposes.

Futures Contracts. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security or, in the case of an index-based futures contract, to make and accept a cash settlement for a set price on a future date. A majority of transactions in futures contracts, however, do not result in the actual delivery of the underlying instrument or cash settlement, but are settled through liquidation, i.e., by entering into an offsetting transaction. Futures contracts have been designed by boards of trade which have been designated “contracts markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash or securities acceptable to the broker and the relevant contract market, which varies, but is generally about 5% of the contract amount, must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as “initial margin” and represents a “good faith” deposit assuring the performance of both the purchaser and seller under the futures contract. Subsequent payments to and from the broker, called “variation margin,” are required to be made on a daily basis as the price of the futures contract fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” At any time prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may be closed out by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate the position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a nominal commission is paid on each completed sale transaction.

The Acquiring Fund deals in financial futures contracts based on a long term municipal bond index developed by the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBT”) and The Bond Buyer (the “Municipal Bond Index”). The Municipal Bond Index is comprised of 40 tax exempt municipal revenue and general obligation bonds. Each bond included in the Municipal Bond Index must be rated A or higher by Moody’s or S&P and must have a remaining maturity of 19 years or more. Twice a month new issues satisfying the eligibility requirements are added to, and an equal number of old issues are deleted from, the Municipal Bond Index. The value of the Municipal Bond Index is computed daily according to a formula based on the price of each bond in the Municipal Bond Index, as evaluated by six dealer-to-dealer brokers.

 

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The Municipal Bond Index futures contract is traded only on the CBT. Like other contract markets, the CBT assures performance under futures contracts through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership which is also responsible for handling daily accounting of deposits or withdrawals of margin.

The Acquiring Fund may also purchase and sell financial futures contracts on U.S. Government securities as a hedge against adverse changes in interest rates as described below. With respect to U.S. Government securities, currently there are financial futures contracts based on long term U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes, Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) Certificates and three-month U.S. Treasury bills. The Acquiring Fund may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts on U.S. Government securities and purchase and sell Municipal Bond Index futures contracts in connection with its hedging strategies.

The Acquiring Fund also may engage in other futures contracts transactions such as futures contracts on other municipal bond indices that may become available if the Investment Advisor should determine that there is normally a sufficient correlation between the prices of such futures contracts and the MUI Municipal Bonds in which the Acquiring Fund invests to make such hedging appropriate.

Futures Strategies. The Acquiring Fund may sell a financial futures contract (i.e., assume a short position) in anticipation of a decline in the value of its investments in MUI Municipal Bonds resulting from an increase in interest rates or otherwise. The risk of decline could be reduced without employing futures as a hedge by selling such MUI Municipal Bonds and either reinvesting the proceeds in securities with shorter maturities or by holding assets in cash. This strategy, however, entails increased transaction costs in the form of dealer spreads and typically would reduce the average yield of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio securities as a result of the shortening of maturities. The sale of futures contracts provides an alternative means of hedging against declines in the value of its investments in MUI Municipal Bonds. As such values decline, the value of the Acquiring Fund’s positions in the futures contracts will tend to increase, thus offsetting all or a portion of the depreciation in the market value of the Acquiring Fund’s MUI Municipal Bond investments that are being hedged. While the Acquiring Fund will incur commission expenses in selling and closing out futures positions, commissions on futures transactions are lower than transaction costs incurred in the purchase and sale of MUI Municipal Bonds. In addition, the ability of the Acquiring Fund to trade in the standardized contracts available in the futures markets may offer a more effective defensive position than a program to reduce the average maturity of the portfolio securities due to the unique and varied credit and technical characteristics of the municipal debt instruments available to the Acquiring Fund. Employing futures as a hedge also may permit the Acquiring Fund to assume a defensive posture without reducing the yield on its investments beyond any amounts required to engage in futures trading.

When the Acquiring Fund intends to purchase MUI Municipal Bonds, the Acquiring Fund may purchase futures contracts as a hedge against any increase in the cost of such MUI Municipal Bonds resulting from a decrease in interest rates or otherwise, that may occur before such purchases can be effected. Subject to the degree of correlation between the MUI Municipal Bonds and the futures contracts, subsequent increases in the cost of MUI Municipal Bonds should be reflected in the value of the futures held by the Acquiring Fund. As such purchases are made, an equivalent amount of futures contracts will be closed out. Due to changing market conditions and interest rate forecasts, however, a futures position may be terminated without a corresponding purchase of portfolio securities.

Call Options on Futures Contracts. The Acquiring Fund may also purchase and sell exchange traded call and put options on financial futures contracts. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or underlying debt securities. Like the purchase of a futures contract, the Acquiring Fund will purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance when the Fund is not fully invested.

 

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The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration is below the exercise price, the Acquiring Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Put Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a protective put option on portfolio securities. The Acquiring Fund will purchase a put option on a futures contract to hedge the Fund’s portfolio against the risk of rising interest rates.

The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration is higher than the exercise price, the Acquiring Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of MUI Municipal Bonds which the Acquiring Fund intends to purchase.

The writer of an option on a futures contract is required to deposit initial and variation margin pursuant to requirements similar to those applicable to futures contracts. Premiums received from the writing of an option will be included in initial margin. The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those relating to futures contracts.

Under regulations of the CFTC, the futures trading activity described herein will not result in the Acquiring Fund being deemed a “commodity pool” and the Acquiring Fund need not be operated by a person registered with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator.”

When the Acquiring Fund purchases a futures contract, or writes a put option or purchases a call option thereon, an amount of cash, cash equivalents (e.g., high grade commercial paper and daily tender adjustable notes) or liquid securities will be segregated, so that the amount so segregated plus the amount of initial and variation margin held in the account of its broker equals the market value of the futures contracts, thereby ensuring that the use of such futures contract is unleveraged. It is not anticipated that transactions in futures contracts will have the effect of increasing portfolio turnover.

Risk Factors in Futures Transactions and Options. Investment in futures contracts involves the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective when there is imperfect correlation between the movements in the prices of two financial instruments. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more or less than the price of the hedged security, the Acquiring Fund will experience either a loss or gain on the futures contract which is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Acquiring Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Acquiring Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically less than that of the futures contracts.

The particular municipal bonds comprising the index underlying the Municipal Bond Index financial futures contract may vary from the bonds held by the Acquiring Fund. As a result, the Acquiring Fund’s ability to hedge effectively all or a portion of the value of its MUI Municipal Bonds through the use of such financial futures contracts will depend in part on the degree to which price movements in the index underlying the financial futures contract correlate with the price movements of the MUI Municipal Bonds held by the Acquiring Fund. The correlation may be affected by disparities in the average maturity, ratings, geographical mix or structure of the Acquiring Fund’s investments as compared to those comprising the Municipal Bond Index and general economic or political factors. In addition, the correlation between movements in the value of the Municipal Bond Index may be subject to change over time as additions to and deletions from the Municipal Bond Index alter its structure. The correlation between futures contracts on U.S. Government securities and the MUI Municipal

 

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Bonds held by the Acquiring Fund may be adversely affected by similar factors and the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of such futures contracts and the prices of MUI Municipal Bonds held by the Acquiring Fund may be greater. Municipal Bond Index futures contracts were approved for trading in 1986. Trading in such futures contracts may tend to be less liquid than trading in other futures contracts. The trading of futures contracts also is subject to certain market risks, such as inadequate trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions.

The Acquiring Fund expects to liquidate a majority of the futures contracts it enters into through offsetting transactions on the applicable contract market. There can be no assurance, however, that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close out a futures position. In the event of adverse price movements, the Acquiring Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Acquiring Fund has insufficient cash, it may be required to sell portfolio securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Acquiring Fund’s ability to hedge effectively its investments in MUI Municipal Bonds. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. Prices have in the past moved beyond the daily limit on a number of consecutive trading days. The Acquiring Fund will enter into a futures position only if, in the judgment of the Investment Advisor, there appears to be an actively traded secondary market for such futures contracts.

The successful use of transactions in futures and related options also depends on the ability of the Investment Advisor to forecast correctly the direction and extent of interest rate movements within a given time frame. To the extent interest rates remain stable during the period in which a futures contract or option is held by the Acquiring Fund or such rates move in a direction opposite to that anticipated, the Acquiring Fund may realize a loss on the hedging transaction which is not fully or partially offset by an increase in the value of portfolio securities. As a result, the Acquiring Fund’s total return for such period may be less than if it had not engaged in the hedging transaction.

Because of low initial margin deposits made upon the opening of a futures position, futures transactions involve substantial leverage. As a result, relatively small movements in the price of the futures contracts can result in substantial unrealized gains or losses. There is also the risk of loss by the Acquiring Fund of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Acquiring Fund has an open position in a financial futures contract. Because the Acquiring Fund will engage in the purchase and sale of futures contracts for hedging purposes or to seek to enhance the Acquiring Fund’s return, any losses incurred in connection therewith should, if the hedging strategy is successful, be offset in whole or in part by increases in the value of securities held by the Acquiring Fund or decreases in the price of securities the Acquiring Fund intends to acquire.

The amount of risk the Acquiring Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of an option on a futures contract also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.

Temporary Investments

The Acquiring Fund may invest in short term tax exempt and taxable securities subject to the limitations set forth above. The tax exempt money market securities may include municipal notes, municipal commercial paper, municipal bonds with a remaining maturity of less than one year, variable rate demand notes and participations therein. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes and grant anticipation notes. Anticipation notes are sold as interim financing in anticipation of tax collection, bond

 

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sales, government grants or revenue receipts. Municipal commercial paper refers to short term unsecured promissory notes generally issued to finance short term credit needs. The taxable money market securities in which the Fund may invest as Temporary Investments consist of U.S. Government securities, U.S. Government agency securities, domestic bank or savings institution certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, short term corporate debt securities such as commercial paper and repurchase agreements. These Temporary Investments must have a stated maturity not in excess of one year from the date of purchase. The Acquiring Fund may not invest in any security issued by a commercial bank or a savings institution unless the bank or institution is organized and operating in the United States, has total assets of at least one billion dollars and is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), except that up to 10% of total assets may be invested in certificates of deposit of smaller institutions if such certificates are fully insured by the FDIC.

Interest Rate Swap Transactions

In order to seek to hedge the value of the Acquiring Fund against interest rate fluctuations, to hedge against increases in the Acquiring Fund’s costs associated with the dividend payments on any preferred stock, including the AMPS, or to seek to increase the Acquiring Fund’s return, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap transactions such as Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps (“MMD Swaps”) or Bond Market Association Municipal Swap Index swaps (“BMA Swaps”). To the extent that the Acquiring Fund enters into these transactions, the Fund expects to do so primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Acquiring Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Acquiring Fund may enter into these transactions primarily as a hedge or for duration or risk management rather than as a speculative investment. However, the Acquiring Fund also may invest in MMD Swaps and BMA Swaps to seek to enhance return or gain or to increase the Acquiring Fund’s yield, for example, during periods of steep interest rate yield curves (i.e., wide differences between short term and long term interest rates).

The Acquiring Fund may purchase and sell BMA Swaps in the BMA swap market. In a BMA Swap, the Acquiring Fund exchanges with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments linked to the Bond Market Association Municipal Swap Index). Because the underlying index is a tax exempt index, BMA Swaps may reduce cross-market risks incurred by the Acquiring Fund and increase the Acquiring Fund’s ability to hedge effectively. BMA Swaps are typically quoted for the entire yield curve, beginning with a seven day floating rate index out to 30 years. The duration of a BMA Swap is approximately equal to the duration of a fixed rate MUI Municipal Bond with the same attributes as the swap (e.g., coupon, maturity, call feature).

The Acquiring Fund also may purchase and sell MMD Swaps, also known as MMD rate locks. An MMD Swap permits the Acquiring Fund to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. By using an MMD Swap, the Acquiring Fund can create a synthetic long or short position, allowing the Acquiring Fund to select the most attractive part of the yield curve. An MMD Swap is a contract between the Acquiring Fund and an MMD Swap provider pursuant to which the parties agree to make payments to each other on a notional amount, contingent upon whether the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above or below a specified level on the expiration date of the contract. For example, if the Acquiring Fund buys an MMD Swap and the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is below the specified level on the expiration date, the counterparty to the contract will make a payment to the Acquiring Fund equal to the specified level minus the actual level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract. If the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above the specified level on the expiration date, the Acquiring Fund will make a payment to the counterparty equal to the actual level minus the specified level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract.

In connection with investments in BMA and MMD Swaps, there is a risk that municipal yields will move in the opposite direction than anticipated by the Acquiring Fund, which would cause the Fund to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

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The Acquiring Fund has no obligation to enter into BMA or MMD Swaps and may not do so. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Acquiring Fund’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and the Acquiring Fund will segregate liquid securities having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess.

Credit Default Swap Agreements

The Acquiring Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements for hedging purposes or to seek to increase its return. The credit default swap agreement may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by the Acquiring Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract may be obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount (the difference between the market value of the reference obligation and its par value), if the swap is cash settled. The Acquiring Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Acquiring Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Acquiring Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Acquiring Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap, which typically is between six (6) months and three years, provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As the seller, the Acquiring Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Acquiring Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

Credit default swap agreements involve greater risks than if the Acquiring Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. The Acquiring Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements only with counterparties who are rated investment grade quality by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization at the time of entering into such transaction or whose creditworthiness is believed by the Investment Advisor to be equivalent to such rating. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. A seller of a credit default swap or similar instrument is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage since, if a credit event occurs, the seller may be required to pay the buyer the full notional value of the contract net of any amounts owed by the buyer related to its delivery of deliverable obligations.

The Fund’s obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). The Fund will at all times segregate with its custodian in connection with each such transaction liquid securities or cash with a value at least equal to the Fund’s exposure (any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed by the Fund to any counterparty), on a marked-to-market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission). Such segregation will ensure that the Fund has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio. Such segregation will not limit the Fund’s exposure to loss.

VRDOs and Participating VRDOs

VRDOs are tax exempt obligations that contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and right of demand on the part of the holder thereof to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued

 

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interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven days. There is, however, the possibility that because of default or insolvency the demand feature of VRDOs and Participating VRDOs may not be honored. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market value of the VRDOs, at approximately the par value of the VRDOs on the adjustment date. The adjustments typically are based upon the Public Securities Association Index or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index. The Acquiring Fund may invest in all types of tax exempt instruments currently outstanding or to be issued in the future which satisfy its short term maturity and quality standards.

Participating VRDOs provide the Acquiring Fund with a specified undivided interest (up to 100%) of the underlying obligation and the right to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on the Participating VRDOs from the financial institution upon a specified number of days’ notice, not to exceed seven days. In addition, the Participating VRDO is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guaranty of the financial institution. The Acquiring Fund would have an undivided interest in the underlying obligation and thus participate on the same basis as the financial institution in such obligation except that the financial institution typically retains fees out of the interest paid on the obligation for servicing the obligation, providing the letter of credit and issuing the repurchase commitment. The Acquiring Fund has been advised by its counsel that the Acquiring Fund should be entitled to treat the income received on Participating VRDOs as interest from tax exempt obligations as long as the Acquiring Fund does not invest more than 20% of its total assets in such investments and certain other conditions are met. It is contemplated that the Acquiring Fund will not invest more than 20% of its assets in Participating VRDOs.

VRDOs that contain an unconditional right of demand to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on a notice period exceeding seven days may be deemed to be illiquid securities. The Board may adopt guidelines and delegate to the Investment Advisor the daily function of determining and monitoring liquidity of such VRDOs. The Board, however, will retain sufficient oversight and will be ultimately responsible for such determinations.

The Temporary Investments, VRDOs and Participating VRDOs in which the Acquiring Fund may invest will be in the following rating categories at the time of purchase: MIG-1/VMIG-1 through MIG-3/VMIG-3 for notes and VRDOs and Prime-1 through Prime-3 for commercial paper (as determined by Moody’s), SP-1 through SP-2 for notes and A-1 through A-3 for VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by S&P), or F-1 through F-3 for notes, VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by Fitch). Temporary Investments, if not rated, must be of comparable quality in the opinion of the Investment Advisor. In addition, the Acquiring Fund reserves the right to invest temporarily a greater portion of its assets in Temporary Investments for defensive purposes, when, in the judgment of the Investment Advisor, market conditions warrant.

Repurchase Agreements

The Acquiring Fund may invest in securities pursuant to repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements may be entered into only with a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or a primary dealer or an affiliate thereof, in U.S. Government securities. Under such agreements, the bank or primary dealer or an affiliate thereof agrees, upon entering into the contract, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the term of the agreement. This results in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuations during such period. In repurchase agreements, the prices at which the trades are conducted do not reflect accrued interest on the underlying obligations. Such agreements usually cover short periods, such as under one week. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. In a repurchase agreement, the Acquiring Fund will require the seller to provide additional collateral if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase price at any time during the term of the repurchase agreement. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by the Acquiring Fund but only constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price.

 

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Therefore, the Acquiring Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or possible losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral. In the event of a default under such a repurchase agreement, instead of the contractual fixed rate of return, the rate of return to the Acquiring Fund shall be dependent upon intervening fluctuations of the market value of such security and the accrued interest on the security. In such event, the Acquiring Fund would have rights against the seller for breach of contract with respect to any losses arising from market fluctuations following the failure of the seller to perform.

In general, for federal income tax purposes, repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized loans secured by the securities “sold.” Therefore, amounts earned under such agreements will not be considered tax exempt interest. The treatment of purchase and sales contracts is less certain.

Short Sales

The Acquiring Fund may make short sales of securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Acquiring Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Acquiring Fund may make short sales both as a form of hedging to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities and in order to seek to enhance return.

When the Acquiring Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver collateral to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale to cover its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Acquiring Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.

The Acquiring Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security will be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash or liquid securities similar to those borrowed. The Acquiring Fund also will be required to segregate similar collateral with its custodian to the extent, if any, necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over any payments received by the Acquiring Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Acquiring Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Acquiring Fund will incur a loss. Conversely, if the price declines, the Acquiring Fund will realize a gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. Although the Acquiring Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.

The Acquiring Fund also may make short sales “against the box.” These transactions will involve either short sales of securities retained in the Fund’s portfolio or securities which it has the right to acquire without the payment of further consideration.

Lending of Securities

The Acquiring Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain borrowers determined to be creditworthy by the Investment Advisor, including to borrowers affiliated with the Investment Advisor. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned. No securities loan will be made on behalf of the Acquiring Fund if, as a result, the aggregate value of all securities loans of the Acquiring Fund exceeds one-third of the value of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets (including the value of the collateral received). The Acquiring Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Acquiring Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities.

 

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With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower may be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Acquiring Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Acquiring Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the market value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral received by the Acquiring Fund for such loans, and uninvested cash, may be invested, among other things, in a private investment company managed by an affiliate of the Investment Advisor or in registered money market funds advised by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates; such investments are subject to investment risk.

The Acquiring Fund conducts its securities lending pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC permitting it to lend portfolio securities to borrowers affiliated with the Acquiring Fund and to retain an affiliate of the Acquiring Fund as lending agent. To the extent that the Acquiring Fund engages in securities lending, BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BIM”), an affiliate of the Investment Advisor, acts as securities lending agent for the Acquiring Fund, subject to the overall supervision of the Investment Advisor. BIM administers the lending program in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, BIM may lend securities only when the difference between the borrower rebate rate and the risk free rate exceeds a certain level (such securities, the “specials only securities”).

To the extent that the Acquiring Fund engages in securities lending, the Acquiring Fund retains a portion of securities lending income and remits a remaining portion to BIM as compensation for its services as securities lending agent.

Securities lending income is equal to the total of income earned from the reinvestment of cash collateral (and excludes collateral investment expenses as defined below), and any fees or other payments to and from borrowers of securities. As securities lending agent, BIM bears all operational costs directly related to securities lending. The Acquiring Fund is responsible for expenses in connection with the investment of cash collateral received for securities on loan in a private investment company managed by an affiliate of the Investment Advisor (the “collateral investment expenses”), however, BIM has agreed to cap the collateral investment expenses the Acquiring Fund bears to an annual rate of 0.04% of the daily net assets of such private investment company. In addition, in accordance with the exemptive order, the investment adviser to the private investment company will not charge any advisory fees with respect to shares purchased by the Acquiring Fund. Such shares also will not be subject to a sales load, redemption fee, distribution fee or service fee.

Pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, the Acquiring Fund retains 82% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment expenses).

In addition, commencing the business day following the date that the aggregate securities lending income earned across the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex in a calendar year exceeds the breakpoint dollar threshold applicable in the given year set forth in the securities lending agreement, the Acquiring Fund, pursuant to the current securities lending agreement, will receive for the remainder of that calendar year securities lending income in an amount equal to 85% of securities lending income (which excludes collateral investment expenses).

Investment in Other Investment Companies

The Acquiring Fund may invest in other investment companies whose investment objectives and policies are consistent with those of the Fund. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Acquiring Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies. In addition, under the 1940 Act, the Acquiring Fund may not own more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company and not more than 5% of the value of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets may be invested in securities of any investment company. The Acquiring Fund has received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission permitting it to invest in affiliated registered money market funds and in an affiliated private investment company without regard to such limitations, provided however, that in all cases the Acquiring Fund’s aggregate

 

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investment of cash in shares of such investment companies shall not exceed 25% of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets at any time. If the Acquiring Fund acquires shares in investment companies, stockholders would bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Acquiring Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of such investment companies (including management and advisory fees).

Leverage

The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the use of preferred shares and tender option bonds. The Acquiring Fund currently does not intend to borrow money or issue debt securities. Although it has no present intention to do so, the Acquiring Fund reserves the right to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, or issue debt securities, in the future if it believes that market conditions would be conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through borrowing money or issuing debt securities or preferred shares. Any such leveraging will not be fully achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective and policies.

The use of leverage can create risks. When leverage is employed, the NAV and market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of common shares will be more volatile than if leverage were not used. Changes in the value of the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio, including securities bought with the proceeds of leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. If there is a net decrease or increase in the value of the Acquiring Fund’s investment portfolio, leverage will decrease or increase, as the case may be, the NAV per common share to a greater extent than if the Acquiring Fund did not utilize leverage. A reduction in the Acquiring Fund’s NAV may cause a reduction in the market price of its shares. During periods in which the Acquiring Fund is using leverage, the fee paid to the Investment Advisor for advisory services will be higher than if the Acquiring Fund did not use leverage, because the fees paid will be calculated on the basis of the Acquiring Fund’s managed assets, which includes the proceeds from leverage. Any leveraging strategy the Acquiring Fund employs may not be successful. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through tender option bonds transactions. See “Risks—Tender Option Bond Risk” for details about the risks associated with the Acquiring Fund’s use of TOB Residuals.

Certain types of leverage the Acquiring Fund may use may result in the Acquiring Fund being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Acquiring Fund may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by one or more lenders or by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any short-term debt securities or preferred shares issued by the Acquiring Fund. The terms of any borrowings or rating agency guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing the Acquiring Fund’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies if the Acquiring Fund were to utilize leverage.

Under the 1940 Act, the Acquiring Fund is not permitted to issue senior securities if, immediately after the issuance of such senior securities, the Acquiring Fund would have an asset coverage ratio (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 300% with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., for every dollar of indebtedness outstanding, the Acquiring Fund is required to have at least three dollars of assets) or less than 200% with respect to senior securities representing preferred shares (i.e., for every dollar of preferred shares outstanding, the Acquiring Fund is required to have at least two dollars of assets). The 1940 Act also provides that the Acquiring Fund may not declare distributions or purchase its stock (including through tender offers) if, immediately after doing so, it will have an asset coverage ratio of less than 300% or 200%, as applicable. Under the 1940 Act, certain short-term borrowings (such as for cash management purposes) are not subject to these limitations if (i) repaid within 60 days, (ii) not extended or renewed and (iii) not in excess of 5% of the total assets of the Acquiring Fund.

 

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Effects of Leverage

Assuming that leverage will represent approximately 39.2% of the Combined Fund’s total managed assets and that the Combined Fund will bear expenses relating to that leverage at an average annual rate of 0.95%, the income generated by the Combined Fund’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed 0.37% in order to cover the expenses specifically related to the Combined Fund’s estimated use of leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates used for illustration. Actual leverage expenses will vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of securities held in the Combined Fund’s portfolio) of (10)%, (5)%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Combined Fund. The table further reflects the use of leverage representing 39.2% of the Combined Fund’s total managed assets and the Combined Fund’s currently projected annual leverage expenses of 0.95%.

 

Assumed Portfolio Total Return (net of expenses)

     (10 )%      (5 )%      0     5      10

Common Share Total Return

     (17.0 )%      (8.8 )%      (0.6 )%      7.6      15.8

Common Share total return is composed of two elements: the Common Share dividends paid by the Combined Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income e of the Combined Fund) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Combined Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Combined Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, a total return of 0% assumes that the tax-exempt interest the Combined Fund receives on its municipal bonds investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.

Preferred Shares

The Acquiring Fund has leveraged its portfolio by issuing VMTP Shares, and the Combined Fund is expected to leverage its portfolio by issuing VRDP Shares as a result of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. Under the 1940 Act, the Acquiring Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares if, immediately after such issuance, the liquidation value of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding preferred shares exceeds 50% of its assets (including the proceeds from the issuance) less liabilities other than borrowings (i.e., the value of the Acquiring Fund’s assets must be at least 200% of the liquidation value of its outstanding preferred shares). In addition, the Acquiring Fund would not be permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Acquiring Fund’s assets less liabilities other than borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for a description of the Acquiring Fund’s VMTP Shares and “Information about the Reorganization—Description of VRDP Shares to Be Issued by the Acquiring Fund” for a description of the Combined Fund’s VRDP Shares.

For tax purposes, the Acquiring Fund is currently required to allocate tax-exempt interest income, net capital gain and other taxable income, if any, between its common shares and preferred shares outstanding in proportion to total dividends paid to each class for the year in which or with respect to which tax-exempt income, the net capital gain or other taxable income is paid. If net capital gain or other taxable income is allocated to preferred shares, instead of solely tax-exempt income, the Acquiring Fund will likely have to pay higher total dividends to preferred shareholders or make special payments to preferred shareholders to compensate them for the increased tax liability. This would reduce the total amount of dividends paid to the common shareholders but would increase the portion of the dividend that is tax-exempt. If the increase in dividend payments or the special payments to preferred shareholders are not entirely offset by a reduction in the tax liability of, and an increase in the tax-exempt dividends received by, the common shareholders, the advantage of the Acquiring Fund’s leveraged structure to common shareholders will be reduced.

 

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Tender Option Bonds

The Acquiring Fund currently leverages its assets through the use of TOB Residuals, which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which the Acquiring Fund will invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by the Acquiring Fund. Although volatile, TOB Residuals typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate municipal bonds with comparable credit quality.

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a TOB Trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds. A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: TOB Floaters, which are sold to third-party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. The Fund may invest in both TOB Floaters and TOB Residuals. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement from a third-party TOBs Liquidity Provider (defined below) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). The Acquiring Fund, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust. The Acquiring Fund contributes municipal bonds to the TOB Trust and is paid the cash received by the TOB Trust from the sale of the TOB Floaters, less certain transaction costs, and typically will invest the cash to purchase additional municipal bonds or other investments permitted by its investment policies. If the Acquiring Fund ever purchases all or a portion of the TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust, it may surrender those TOB Floaters together with a proportionate amount of TOB Residuals to the TOB Trust in exchange for a proportionate amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

Other BlackRock-advised Funds (as defined below) may contribute municipal bonds to a TOB Trust into which the Acquiring Fund has contributed municipal bonds. If multiple BlackRock-advised Funds participate in the same TOB Trust, the economic rights and obligations under the TOB Residual will generally be shared among the funds ratably in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and the Acquiring Fund, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

The TOB Residuals held by the Acquiring Fund generally provide the Acquiring Fund with the right to cause the holders of a proportional share of the TOB Floaters to tender their notes to the TOB Trust at par plus accrued interest. Thereafter, the Acquiring Fund may withdraw a corresponding share of the municipal bonds from the TOB Trust. As a result, a tender option bond transaction, in effect, creates exposure for the Acquiring Fund to the entire return of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust, with a net cash investment by the Acquiring Fund that is less than the value of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust. This multiplies the positive or negative impact of the municipal bonds’ return within the Acquiring Fund (thereby creating leverage). The leverage within a TOB Trust depends on the value of the municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust relative to the value of the TOB Floaters it issues.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in highly leveraged TOB Residuals. A TOB Residual generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the TOB Floaters issued by the related TOB Trust exceeds 75% of the principal amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

The leverage attributable to the Acquiring Fund’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be

 

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collapsed without the consent of the Acquiring Fund upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., the Acquiring Fund) whereas in other termination events, the holders of TOB Floaters and the TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata.

TOB Trusts are typically supported by a liquidity facility provided by a TOBs Liquidity Provider that allows the holders of the TOB Floaters to tender their TOB Floaters in exchange for payment of par plus accrued interest on any business day (subject to the non-occurrence of a termination event). The tendered TOB Floaters are remarketed by a remarketing agent. In the event of a failed remarketing, the TOB Trust may draw upon a loan from the TOBs Liquidity Provider to purchase the tendered TOB Floaters. Any loans made by the TOBs Liquidity Provider will be secured by the purchased TOB Floaters held by the TOB Trust and will be subject to an increased interest rate based on number of days the loan is outstanding.

The Acquiring Fund may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. When the Acquiring Fund invests in TOB Trusts on a non-recourse basis, and the TOBs Liquidity Provider is required to make a payment under the liquidity facility, the TOBs Liquidity Provider will typically liquidate all or a portion of the municipal bonds held in the TOB Trust and then fund the balance, if any, of the Liquidation Shortfall. If the Acquiring Fund invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which the Acquiring Fund is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the amount of any Liquidation Shortfall. As a result, if the Acquiring Fund invests in a recourse TOB Trust, the Acquiring Fund will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall. If multiple BlackRock-advised Funds participate in any such TOB Trust, these losses will be shared ratably, in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

Under accounting rules, municipal bonds of the Acquiring Fund that are deposited into a TOB Trust are investments of the Acquiring Fund and are presented on the Acquiring Fund’s Schedule of Investments and outstanding TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust are presented as liabilities in the Acquiring Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Interest income from the underlying municipal bonds is recorded by the Acquiring Fund on an accrual basis. Interest expense incurred on the TOB Floaters and other expenses related to remarketing, administration, trustee and other services to a TOB Trust are reported as expenses of the Acquiring Fund. In addition, under accounting rules, loans made to a TOB Trust sponsored by the Acquiring Fund may be presented as loans of the Acquiring Fund in the Acquiring Fund’s financial statements even if there is no recourse to the Acquiring Fund’s assets.

For TOB Floaters, generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal bonds with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option. Since the tender option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust, the holder of the TOB Floaters relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the liquidity facility as well as the credit strength of that institution. The perceived reliability and creditworthiness, of many major financial institutions, some of which sponsor and/or provide liquidity support to TOB Trusts increases the risk associated with TOB Floaters. This in turn may reduce the desirability of TOB Floaters as investments, which could impair the viability or availability of TOB Trusts.

The use of TOB Residuals will require the Acquiring Fund to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to any TOB Floaters, plus any accrued but unpaid interest due on the TOB Floaters, issued by TOB Trusts sponsored by, or on behalf of, the Acquiring Fund that are not owned by the Acquiring Fund. The use of TOB Residuals may also require the Acquiring Fund to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to loans provided by the TOBs Liquidity Provider to the TOB Trust to purchase tendered TOB Floaters. The Acquiring Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to the extent that such

 

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changes are in accordance with applicable regulations or interpretations. Future regulatory requirements or SEC guidance may necessitate more onerous contractual or regulatory requirements, which may increase the costs or reduce the degree of potential economic benefits of TOB Trust transactions or limit the Acquiring Fund’s ability to enter into or manage TOB Trust transactions.

See “Risk Factors and Special Considerations—General Risks of Investing in the Acquiring Fund—Tender Option Bond Risk” for a description of the risks involved with a TOB issuer.

Credit Facility

The Acquiring Fund is permitted to leverage its portfolio by entering into one or more credit facilities. If the Acquiring Fund enters into a credit facility, the Acquiring Fund may be required to prepay outstanding amounts or incur a penalty rate of interest upon the occurrence of certain events of default. The Acquiring Fund would also likely have to indemnify the lenders under the credit facility against liabilities they may incur in connection therewith. In addition, the Acquiring Fund expects that any credit facility would contain covenants that, among other things, likely would limit the Acquiring Fund’s ability to pay distributions in certain circumstances, incur additional debt, change certain of its investment policies and engage in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations, and require asset coverage ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Acquiring Fund may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Acquiring Fund expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant, negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no assurance that the Acquiring Fund will enter into an agreement for a credit facility, or one on terms and conditions representative of the foregoing, or that additional material terms will not apply. In addition, if entered into, a credit facility may in the future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit facilities having substantially different terms or by the issuance of preferred shares.

Derivatives

The Acquiring Fund may enter into derivative transactions that have economic leverage embedded in them. Derivative transactions that the Acquiring Fund may enter into and the risks associated with them are described elsewhere in this Proxy Statement and are also referred to as “Strategic Transactions.” The Acquiring Fund cannot assure you that investments in derivative transactions that have economic leverage embedded in them will result in a higher return on its common shares.

To the extent the terms of such transactions obligate the Acquiring Fund to make payments, the Acquiring Fund may earmark or segregate cash or liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the current value of the amount then payable by the Acquiring Fund under the terms of such transactions or otherwise cover such transactions in accordance with applicable interpretations of the staff of the SEC. If the current value of the amount then payable by the Acquiring Fund under the terms of such transactions is represented by the notional amounts of such investments, the Acquiring Fund would segregate or earmark cash or liquid assets having a market value at least equal to such notional amounts, and if the current value of the amount then payable by the Acquiring Fund under the terms of such transactions is represented by the market value of the Acquiring Fund’s current obligations, the Acquiring Fund would segregate or earmark cash or liquid assets having a market value at least equal to such current obligations. To the extent the terms of such transactions obligate the Acquiring Fund to deliver particular securities to extinguish the Acquiring Fund’s obligations under such transactions the Acquiring Fund may “cover” its obligations under such transactions by either (i) owning the securities or collateral underlying such transactions or (ii) having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities or collateral without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, having earmarked or segregated an appropriate amount of cash or liquid assets). Such earmarking, segregation or cover is intended to provide the Acquiring Fund with available assets to satisfy its obligations under such transactions. As a result of such earmarking, segregation or cover, the Acquiring Fund’s obligations under such transactions will not be considered senior securities representing indebtedness for purposes of the 1940 Act, or considered

 

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borrowings subject to the Acquiring Fund’s limitations on borrowings discussed above, but may create leverage for the Acquiring Fund. To the extent that the Acquiring Fund’s obligations under such transactions are not so earmarked, segregated or covered, such obligations may be considered “senior securities representing indebtedness” under the 1940 Act and therefore subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement.

These earmarking, segregation or cover requirements can result in the Acquiring Fund maintaining securities positions it would otherwise liquidate, segregating or earmarking assets at a time when it might be disadvantageous to do so or otherwise restrict portfolio management. Effective August 19, 2022, these requirements will be replaced by the requirements under the newly adopted Rule 18f-4 as described in this prospectus. See “Risks—Strategic Transactions and Derivatives.

Borrowings

The Acquiring Fund is authorized to borrow money in amounts of up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings; provided, however, that the Acquiring Fund is authorized to borrow moneys in amounts of up to 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings to finance the repurchase of its own common stock pursuant to tender offers or otherwise to redeem or repurchase shares of preferred stock, or for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of portfolio securities.

Investment Restrictions

Each Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions that are “fundamental,” meaning such investment restrictions cannot be changed without approval by holders of a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act. As defined in the 1940 Act, this phrase means the vote of (1) 67% or more of the voting securities present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities, whichever is less. Each Fund has also adopted certain non-fundamental investment restrictions. The investment restrictions of the Funds are similar, although there are some differences, and are set forth in Appendix B to this Proxy Statement.

Each Fund is currently classified as a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. This means that the Fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and (ii) securities of other investment companies) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer or (b) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, the Fund can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, a fund cannot change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.

Each Fund’s VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, are assigned long-term ratings by Moody’s and Fitch. In order to maintain the required ratings, each Fund is required to comply with certain investment quality, diversification and other guidelines established by Moody’s and Fitch. Such guidelines may be more restrictive than the restrictions set forth above. Each Fund does not anticipate that such guidelines would have a material adverse effect on its ability to achieve its investment objective. Moody’s and Fitch receive fees in connection with their ratings issuances. Each Fund is also subject to certain covenants and requirements under the terms of the VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, and related documents, including the terms of the liquidity facility supporting the VRDP Shares. Such requirements may be more restrictive than the restrictions set forth above. Each Fund does not anticipate that such requirements would have a material adverse effect on its ability to achieve its investment objective. Please see “Information about the Preferred Shares of the Funds” for additional information.

 

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THE TARGET FUND’S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

Investment Objective and Policies

MFL seeks as a fundamental investment objective to provide shareholders with current income exempt from federal income tax and to provide shareholders with the opportunity to own shares the value of which is exempt from Florida intangible personal property tax. The investment objective of MFL is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without a vote of a majority of MFL’s outstanding voting securities.

MFL seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of long-term, investment grade municipal obligations, the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer, is exempt from federal income tax (“MFL Municipal Bonds”). At all times, at least 80% of MFL’s total assets is invested in MFL Municipal Bonds, except during interim periods pending investment of the net proceeds of public offerings of its securities and during temporary defensive periods. At times, MFL may seek to hedge its portfolio through the use of futures and options transactions to reduce volatility in the net asset value of its Common Shares. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of MFL’s total assets will be invested in municipal obligations with remaining maturities of one year or more. MFL may invest directly in such securities or synthetically through the use of derivatives. There can be no assurance that MFL’s investment objective will be realized.

MFL may invest in certain tax-exempt securities classified as “private activity bonds” (or industrial development bonds, under pre-1986 law) (“PABs”) (in general, bonds that benefit nongovernmental entities) that may subject certain investors in the Fund to an alternative minimum tax. The percentage of MFL’s total assets invested in PABs will vary from time to time.

The investment grade MFL Municipal Bonds in which MFL will primarily invest are those MFL Municipal Bonds that are rated at the date of purchase in the four highest rating categories of S&P, Moody’s or Fitch or, if unrated, are considered to be of comparable quality by the Investment Advisor. In the case of long-term debt, the investment grade rating categories are AAA through BBB for S&P and Fitch and Aaa through Baa for Moody’s. In the case of short-term notes, the investment grade rating categories are SP-1+ through SP-2 for S&P, MIG-1 through MIG-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. In the case of tax-exempt commercial paper, the investment grade rating categories are A-1+ through A-3 for S&P, Prime-1 through Prime-3 for Moody’s and F-1+ through F-3 for Fitch. Obligations ranked in the lowest investment grade rating category (BBB, SP-2 and A-3 for S&P; Baa, MIG-3 and Prime-3 for Moody’s; and BBB and F-3 for Fitch), while considered “investment grade,” may have certain speculative characteristics. There may be sub-categories or gradations indicating relative standing within the rating categories set forth above. In assessing the quality of MFL Municipal Bonds with respect to the foregoing requirements, the Investment Advisor takes into account the nature of any letters of credit or similar credit enhancement to which particular MFL Municipal Bonds are entitled and the creditworthiness of the financial institution that provided such credit enhancements.

MFL may invest up to 20% of its managed assets in securities that are rated below investment grade, or are considered by the Investment Advisor to be of comparable quality, at the time of purchase, subject to MFL’s other investment policies. Bonds of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Such securities are sometimes referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds.

All percentage and ratings limitations on securities in which MFL may invest apply at the time of making an investment and shall not be considered violated if an investment rating is subsequently downgraded to a rating that would have precluded MFL’s initial investment in such security. In the event that MFL disposes of a portfolio security subsequent to its being downgraded, MFL may experience a greater risk of loss than if such security had been sold prior to such downgrade.

MFL intends to invest primarily in long-term MFL Municipal Bonds with maturities of more than ten years. However, MFL also may invest in intermediate term MFL Municipal Bonds with maturities of between three

 

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years and ten years. MFL also may invest from time to time in short-term MFL Municipal Bonds with maturities of less than three years. The average maturity of MFL’s portfolio securities will vary based upon the Investment Advisor’s assessment of economic and market conditions.

MFL may invest in short-term, tax-exempt securities, short-term U.S. Government securities, repurchase agreements or cash. Such short-term securities or cash will not exceed 20% of its total assets except during interim periods pending investment of the net proceeds of public offerings of MFL’s securities or in anticipation of the repurchase or redemption of MFL’s securities and temporary periods when, in the opinion of the Investment Advisor, prevailing market or financial conditions warrant. MFL also may invest in variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”) and VRDOs in the form of participation interests (“Participating VRDOs”) in variable rate tax-exempt obligations held by a financial institution. MFL’s hedging strategies are not fundamental policies and may be modified by the Board of Trustees of MFL without the approval of MFL’s stockholders. MFL is also authorized to invest in indexed and inverse floating rate obligations for hedging purposes and to seek to enhance return.

MFL may invest in securities not issued by or on behalf of a state or territory or by an agency or instrumentality thereof, if MFL nevertheless believes such securities pay interest that is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes (“Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities”). Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities could include trust certificates, partnership interests or other instruments evidencing interest in one or more long-term MFL Municipal Bonds. Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities also may include securities issued by other investment companies that invest in MFL Municipal Bonds, to the extent such investments are permitted by MFL’s investment restrictions and applicable law, including the 1940 Act. Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities are subject to the same risks associated with an investment in MFL Municipal Bonds as well as many of the risks associated with investments in derivatives. For purposes of MFL’s investment objective and policies, Non-Municipal Tax-Exempt Securities that pay interest that is exempt from federal income taxes will be considered “MFL Municipal Bonds.”

MFL ordinarily does not intend to realize significant investment income not exempt from federal income tax. From time to time, MFL may realize taxable capital gains.

Federal tax legislation has limited the types and volume of bonds the interest on which qualifies for a federal income tax-exemption. As a result, this legislation and legislation that may be enacted in the future may affect the availability of Municipal Bonds for investment by MFL.

The State of Florida repealed the Florida Intangible Tax as of January 2007. As a result, on September 12, 2008, the Board of Trustees of MFL voted unanimously to approve MFL investing in MFL Municipal Bonds regardless of geographic location. If Florida were to reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax, however, MFL would be required to realign its portfolio such that at substantially all of its assets would be invested in Florida MFL Municipal Bonds or obtain shareholder approval to amend MFL’s fundamental investment objective to remove references to the Florida Intangible Tax. There can be no assurance that the State of Florida will not reinstate the Florida Intangible Tax or adopt a state income tax in the future. There can also be no assurance that the reinstatement of the Florida Intangible Tax or the adoption of a state income tax will not have a material adverse effect on MFL or will not impair the ability of MFL to achieve its investment objectives.

MFL may hedge all or a portion of its portfolio investments against fluctuations in interest rates through the use of options and certain financial futures contracts and options thereon. MFL may purchase and sell futures contracts and exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on futures contracts as a hedging strategy. In order to seek to hedge the value of MFL against interest rate fluctuations, to hedge against increases in MFL’s costs associated with the dividend payments on any preferred shares or to seek to increase MFL’s return, MFL may enter into interest rate swap transactions such as Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps or Bond Market Association Municipal Swap Index swaps. MFL may enter into credit default swap agreements for hedging purposes or to seek to increase its return.

 

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Description of Municipal Bonds

See “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Description of Municipal Bonds” for additional information regarding the types of municipal bonds in which MFL invests.

Tender Option Bond Transactions

MFL currently leverages its assets through the use of residual interest municipal tender option bonds (“TOB Residuals”), which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The TOB Residuals in which MFL will invest pay interest or income that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer of such TOB Residuals, is exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax. No independent investigation will be made to confirm the tax-exempt status of the interest or income paid by TOB Residuals held by MFL. Although volatile, TOB Residuals typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate municipal bonds with comparable credit quality.

TOB Residuals represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (a “TOB Trust”). A TOB Trust typically issues two classes of beneficial interests: short-term floating rate interests (“TOB Floaters”), which are sold to third-party investors, and TOB Residuals, which are generally issued to the fund(s) that transferred municipal bonds to the TOB Trust. MFL may invest in both TOB Floaters and TOB Residuals. TOB Floaters may have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the TOB Trust and are enhanced with a liquidity support arrangement from a third-party TOBs Liquidity Provider (defined below) which allows holders to tender their position at par (plus accrued interest). MFL, as a holder of TOB Residuals, is paid the residual cash flow from the TOB Trust. MFL contributes municipal bonds to the TOB Trust and is paid the cash received by the TOB Trust from the sale of the TOB Floaters, less certain transaction costs, and typically will invest the cash to purchase additional municipal bonds or other investments permitted by its investment policies. If MFL ever purchases all or a portion of the TOB Floaters sold by the TOB Trust, it may surrender those TOB Floaters together with a proportionate amount of TOB Residuals to the TOB Trust in exchange for a proportionate amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

Other funds advised by the Investment Advisor (“BlackRock-Advised Funds”) may contribute municipal bonds to a TOB Trust into which MFL has contributed municipal bonds. If multiple BlackRock-Advised Funds participate in the same TOB Trust, the economic rights and obligations under the TOB Residual will generally be shared among the funds ratably in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

The municipal bonds transferred to a TOB Trust typically are high grade municipal bonds. In certain cases, when municipal bonds transferred are lower grade municipal bonds, the TOB Trust transaction includes a credit enhancement feature that provides for the timely payment of principal and interest on the bonds to the TOB Trust by a credit enhancement provider. The TOB Trust would be responsible for the payment of the credit enhancement fee and MFL, as a TOB Residual holder, would be responsible for reimbursement of any payments of principal and interest made by the credit enhancement provider.

The TOB Residuals held by MFL generally provide MFL with the right to cause the holders of a proportional share of the TOB Floaters to tender their notes to the TOB Trust at par plus accrued interest. Thereafter, MFL may withdraw a corresponding share of the municipal bonds from the TOB Trust. As a result, a TOB transaction, in effect, creates exposure for MFL to the entire return of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust, with a net cash investment by MFL that is less than the value of the municipal bonds in the TOB Trust. This multiplies the positive or negative impact of the municipal bonds’ return within MFL (thereby creating leverage). The leverage within a TOB Trust depends on the value of the municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust relative to the value of the TOB Floaters it issues.

MFL may invest in highly leveraged TOB Residuals. A TOB Residual generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the TOB Floaters issued by the related TOB Trust exceeds 75% of the principal amount of the municipal bonds owned by the TOB Trust.

 

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The leverage attributable to MFL’s use of TOB Residuals may be “called away” on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. The TOB Trust may be collapsed without the consent of MFL upon the occurrence of termination events, as defined in the TOB Trust agreements. Upon the occurrence of a termination event, a TOB Trust would be liquidated with the proceeds applied first to any accrued fees owed to the trustee of the TOB Trust, the remarketing agent of the TOB Floaters and the TOBs Liquidity Provider. Upon certain termination events, the holders of the TOB Floaters would be paid before the TOB Residual holders (i.e., MFL) whereas in other termination events, the holders of TOB Floaters and the TOB Residual holders would be paid pro rata.

TOB Trusts are typically supported by a liquidity facility provided by a TOBs Liquidity Provider that allows the holders of the TOB Floaters to tender their TOB Floaters in exchange for payment of par plus accrued interest on any business day (subject to the non-occurrence of a termination event). The tendered TOB Floaters are remarketed by a remarketing agent. In the event of a failed remarketing, the TOB Trust may draw upon a loan from the TOBs Liquidity Provider to purchase the tendered TOB Floaters. Any loans made by the TOBs Liquidity Provider will be secured by the purchased TOB Floaters held by the TOB Trust and will be subject to an increased interest rate based on number of days the loan is outstanding.

MFL may invest in a TOB Trust on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. When MFL invests in TOB Trusts on a non-recourse basis, and the TOBs Liquidity Provider is required to make a payment under the liquidity facility, the TOBs Liquidity Provider will typically liquidate all or a portion of the municipal bonds held in the TOB Trust and then fund the balance, if any, of the Liquidation Shortfall. If MFL invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it will typically enter into a reimbursement agreement with the TOBs Liquidity Provider pursuant to which MFL is required to reimburse the TOBs Liquidity Provider the amount of any Liquidation Shortfall. As a result, if MFL invests in a recourse TOB Trust, MFL will bear the risk of loss with respect to any Liquidation Shortfall. If multiple BlackRock-Advised Funds participate in any such TOB Trust, these losses will be shared ratably, in proportion to their participation in the TOB Trust.

Under accounting rules, municipal bonds of MFL that are deposited into a TOB Trust are investments of MFL and are presented on MFL’s Schedule of Investments and outstanding TOB Floaters issued by a TOB Trust are presented as liabilities in MFL’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Interest income from the underlying municipal bonds is recorded by MFL on an accrual basis. Interest expense incurred on the TOB Floaters and other expenses related to remarketing, administration, trustee and other services to a TOB Trust are reported as expenses of MFL. In addition, under accounting rules, loans made to a TOB Trust sponsored by MFL may be presented as loans of MFL in MFL’s financial statements even if there is no recourse to MFL’s assets.

For TOB Floaters, generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal bonds with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option. Since the tender option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying municipal bonds deposited in the TOB Trust, the holder of the TOB Floaters relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the liquidity facility as well as the credit strength of that institution. The risk associated with TOB Floaters, however, may be increased in the current market environment as a result of recent downgrades to the credit ratings, and thus the perceived reliability and creditworthiness, of many major financial institutions, some of which sponsor and/or provide liquidity support to TOB Trusts. This in turn may reduce the desirability of TOB Floaters as investments, which could impair the viability or availability of TOB Trusts.

The use of TOB Residuals will require MFL to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to any TOB Floaters, plus any accrued but unpaid interest due on the TOB Floaters, issued by TOB Trusts sponsored by, or on behalf of, MFL that are not owned by MFL. The use of TOB Residuals may also require MFL to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to loans provided by the TOBs Liquidity Provider to the TOB Trust to purchase tendered TOB Floaters. MFL reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to the extent that such changes are in accordance with applicable regulations or interpretations. Future

 

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regulatory requirements or SEC guidance may necessitate more onerous contractual or regulatory requirements, which may increase the costs or reduce the degree of potential economic benefits of TOB Trust transactions or limit MFL’s ability to enter into or manage TOB Trust transactions.

When-Issued and Forward Commitment Securities

MFL may purchase municipal bonds on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell municipal bonds on a “forward commitment” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued and forward commitment securities may be sold prior to the settlement date, but MFL expects to enter into when-issued and forward commitment securities only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If MFL disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it can incur a gain or loss.

At the time MFL enters into a transaction on a when-issued basis, it will segregate or designate on its books and records cash or liquid assets with a value not less than the value of the when-issued securities.

There can be no assurance that a security purchased on a when issued basis will be issued or that a security purchased or sold through a forward commitment will be delivered. A default by a counterparty may result in MFL missing the opportunity of obtaining a price considered to be advantageous. The value of securities in these transactions on the delivery date may be more or less than MFL’s purchase price. MFL may bear the risk of a decline in the value of the security in these transactions and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.

If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, MFL may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it has been entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to MFL on the settlement date. In these cases MFL may realize a taxable capital gain or loss.

When MFL engages in when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in MFL’s incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered to be advantageous.

The market value of the securities underlying a commitment to purchase securities, and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value, is taken into account when determining the market value of MFL starting on the day MFL agrees to purchase the securities. MFL does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date.

Other Investment Companies

MFL may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other open- or closed- end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal bonds of the types in which MFL may invest directly. Under the 1940 Act, MFL may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the aggregate in shares of other investment companies and up to 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, provided the investment does not represent more than 3% of the voting stock of the acquired investment company at the time such shares are purchased. MFL generally expects to invest in other investment companies either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive, high- yielding municipal bonds available in the market. As a shareholder in an investment company, MFL will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and would remain subject to payment of MFL’s advisory and other fees and expenses with respect to assets so invested. The Investment Advisor will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal bond investments. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged and will therefore be subject to

 

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leverage risks. The net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of MFL. In addition, to the extent that MFL invests in other investment companies, MFL will be dependent upon the investment and research abilities of persons other than the Investment Advisor. MFL treats its investments in such open- or closed-end investment companies as investments in municipal bonds.

VRDOs and Participating VRDOs

VRDOs are tax exempt obligations that contain a floating or variable interest rate adjustment formula and right of demand on the part of the holder thereof to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest upon a short notice period not to exceed seven days. There is, however, the possibility that because of default or insolvency the demand feature of VRDOs and Participating VRDOs may not be honored. The interest rates are adjustable at intervals (ranging from daily to up to one year) to some prevailing market rate for similar investments, such adjustment formula being calculated to maintain the market value of the VRDOs, at approximately the par value of the VRDOs on the adjustment date. The adjustments typically are based upon the Public Securities Association Index or some other appropriate interest rate adjustment index. MFL may invest in all types of tax exempt instruments currently outstanding or to be issued in the future which satisfy its short term maturity and quality standards.

Participating VRDOs provide MFL with a specified undivided interest (up to 100%) of the underlying obligation and the right to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on the Participating VRDOs from the financial institution upon a specified number of days’ notice, not to exceed seven days. In addition, the Participating VRDO is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guaranty of the financial institution. MFL would have an undivided interest in the underlying obligation and thus participate on the same basis as the financial institution in such obligation except that the financial institution typically retains fees out of the interest paid on the obligation for servicing the obligation, providing the letter of credit and issuing the repurchase commitment. MFL has been advised by its counsel that MFL should be entitled to treat the income received on Participating VRDOs as interest from tax exempt obligations as long as MFL does not invest more than 20% of its total assets in such investments and certain other conditions are met. It is contemplated that MFL will not invest more than 20% of its assets in Participating VRDOs.

VRDOs that contain an unconditional right of demand to receive payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest on a notice period exceeding seven days may be deemed to be illiquid securities. The Board may adopt guidelines and delegate to the Investment Advisor the daily function of determining and monitoring liquidity of such VRDOs. The Board, however, will retain sufficient oversight and will be ultimately responsible for such determinations.

The Temporary Investments, VRDOs and Participating VRDOs in which MFL may invest will be in the following rating categories at the time of purchase: MIG-1/VMIG-1 through MIG-3/VMIG-3 for notes and VRDOs and Prime-1 through Prime-3 for commercial paper (as determined by Moody’s), SP-1 through SP-2 for notes and A-1 through A-3 for VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by S&P), or F-1 through F-3 for notes, VRDOs and commercial paper (as determined by Fitch). Temporary Investments, if not rated, must be of comparable quality in the opinion of the Investment Advisor. In addition, MFL reserves the right to invest temporarily a greater portion of its assets in Temporary Investments for defensive purposes, when, in the judgment of the Investment Advisor, market conditions warrant.

Tax-Exempt Preferred Shares

MFL may also invest up to 10% of its total assets in preferred interests of other investment funds that pay dividends that are exempt from regular federal income tax, including the alternative minimum tax, and New York State and New York City personal income taxes. A portion of such dividends may be capital gain distributions

 

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subject to federal capital gains tax. Such funds in turn invest in municipal bonds and other assets that generally pay interest or make distributions that are exempt from regular federal income tax, including the alternative minimum tax, and New York State and New York City personal income taxes, such as revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to fund the development of low-income, multi-family housing. Investment in such tax-exempt preferred shares involves many of the same issues as investing in other open- or closed-end investment companies as discussed above. These investments also have additional risks, including liquidity risk, the absence of regulation governing investment practices, capital structure and leverage, affiliated transactions and other matters, and concentration of investments in particular issuers or industries. Revenue bonds issued by state or local agencies to finance the development of low-income, multi-family housing involve special risks in addition to those associated with municipal bonds generally, including that the underlying properties may not generate sufficient income to pay expenses and interest costs. Such bonds are generally non-recourse against the property owner, may be junior to the rights of others with an interest in the properties, may pay interest that changes based in part on the financial performance of the property, may be prepayable without penalty and may be used to finance the construction of housing developments which, until completed and rented, do not generate income to pay interest. Increases in interest rates payable on senior obligations may make it more difficult for issuers to meet payment obligations on subordinated bonds. MFL will treat investments in tax-exempt preferred shares as investments in municipal bonds.

Temporary Investments

During temporary defensive periods (e.g., times when, in the Investment Advisor’s opinion, temporary imbalances of supply and demand or other temporary dislocations in the tax-exempt bond market adversely affect the price at which long-term or intermediate-term municipal bonds are available), and in order to keep cash on hand fully invested, MFL may invest in excess of 20% of its total assets in liquid, short-term investments including high quality, short-term securities which may be either tax-exempt or taxable and securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal bonds of the type in which MFL may invest directly. MFL intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt temporary investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields.

Short-term taxable fixed income investments include, without limitation, the following:

(1) U.S. Government Securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government Securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and the Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and the Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. Government provides financial support to such U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.

(2) Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by MFL may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time MFL purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to

 

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the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for MFL during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for MFL to invest temporarily available cash. MFL may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which MFL may invest. MFL expects to enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of the Investment Advisor, present minimal credit risk. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to MFL is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that MFL is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, MFL could incur a loss of both principal and interest. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of MFL to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.

(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between MFL and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by MFL at any time. The Investment Advisor will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because MFL’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. MFL’s investment policies provide that its investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.

Tax-exempt temporary investments include various obligations issued by state and local governmental issuers, such as tax-exempt notes (bond anticipation notes, tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes or other such municipal bonds maturing in three years or less from the date of issuance) and municipal commercial paper. Short-term tax-exempt fixed income securities include, without limitation, the following:

Bond Anticipation Notes (“BANs”) are usually general obligations of state and local governmental issuers which are sold to obtain interim financing for projects that will eventually be funded through the sale of long-term debt obligations or bonds. The ability of an issuer to meet its obligations on its BANs is primarily dependent on the issuer’s access to the long-term municipal bond market and the likelihood that the proceeds of such bond sales will be used to pay the principal and interest on the BANs.

Tax Anticipation Notes (“TANs”) are issued by state and local governments to finance the current operations of such governments. Repayment is generally to be derived from specific future tax revenues. TANs are usually general obligations of the issuer. A weakness in an issuer’s capacity to raise taxes due to, among other things, a decline in its tax base or a rise in delinquencies could adversely affect the issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding TANs.

Revenue Anticipation Notes (“RANs”) are issued by governments or governmental bodies with the expectation that future revenues from a designated source will be used to repay the notes. In general, they also constitute general obligations of the issuer. A decline in the receipt of projected revenues, such as anticipated revenues from another level of government, could adversely affect an issuer’s ability to meet its obligations on outstanding RANs. In addition, the possibility that the revenues would, when received, be used to meet other obligations could affect the ability of the issuer to pay the principal and interest on RANs.

Construction Loan Notes are issued to provide construction financing for specific projects. Frequently, these notes are redeemed with funds obtained from the Federal Housing Administration.

 

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Bank Notes are notes issued by local government bodies and agencies to commercial banks as evidence of borrowings. The purposes for which the notes are issued are varied but they are frequently issued to meet short-term working capital or capital-project needs. These notes may have risks similar to the risks associated with TANs and RANs.

Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (“municipal paper”) represents very short-term unsecured, negotiable promissory notes, issued by states, municipalities and their agencies. Payment of principal and interest on issues of municipal paper may be made from various sources, to the extent the funds are available therefrom. Maturities on municipal paper generally will be shorter than the maturities of TANs, BANs or RANs. There is a limited secondary market for issues of municipal paper.

Certain municipal bonds may carry variable or floating rates of interest whereby the rate of interest is not fixed but varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as a bank prime rate or tax-exempt money market indices.

While the various types of notes described above as a group represent the major portion of the tax-exempt note market, other types of notes are available in the marketplace and MFL may invest in such other types of notes to the extent permitted under its investment objective, policies and limitations. Such notes may be issued for different purposes and may be secured differently from those mentioned above.

Strategic Transactions and Other Management Techniques

MFL may use a variety of other investment management techniques and instruments. MFL may purchase and sell futures contracts, enter into various interest rate transactions and may purchase and sell exchange-listed and over-the-counter put and call options on securities, financial indices and futures contracts (collectively, “Strategic Transactions”). These Strategic Transactions may be used for duration management and other risk management to attempt to protect against possible changes in the market value of MFL’s portfolio resulting from trends in the debt securities markets and changes in interest rates, to protect MFL’s unrealized gains in the value of its portfolio securities, to facilitate the sale of such securities for investment purposes, to establish a position in the securities markets as a temporary substitute for purchasing particular securities and to enhance income or gain.

There is no particular strategy that requires use of one technique rather than another as the decision to use any particular strategy or instrument is a function of market conditions and the composition of the portfolio. The ability of MFL to use Strategic Transactions successfully will depend on the Investment Advisor’s ability to predict pertinent market movements as well as sufficient correlation among the instruments, which cannot be assured. Strategic Transactions subject MFL to the risk that, if the Investment Advisor incorrectly forecasts market values, interest rates or other applicable factors, MFL’s performance could suffer. Certain of these Strategic Transactions, such as investments in inverse floating rate securities and credit default swaps, may provide investment leverage to MFL’s portfolio. MFL is not required to use derivatives or other portfolio strategies to seek to hedge its portfolio and may choose not to do so.

The use of Strategic Transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require MFL to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation MFL can realize on an investment or may cause MFL to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. In addition, because of the leveraged nature of the common shares, Strategic Transactions will result in a larger impact on the net asset value of the common shares than would be the case if the common shares were not leveraged. Furthermore, MFL may only engage in Strategic Transactions from time to time and may not necessarily be engaging in hedging activities when movements in interest rates occur.

Inasmuch as any obligations of MFL that arise from the use of Strategic Transactions will be covered by segregated or earmarked liquid assets or offsetting transactions, MFL and the Investment Advisor believe such

 

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obligations do not constitute senior securities and, accordingly, will not treat such transactions as being subject to its borrowing restrictions. Additionally, segregated or earmarked liquid assets, amounts paid by MFL as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to Strategic Transactions are not otherwise available to MFL for investment purposes.

For so long as the VRDP Shares are rated by a rating agency, MFL’s use of options and certain financial futures and options thereon will be subject to such rating agency’s guidelines and limitations on such transactions. In order to maintain ratings on the VRDP Shares from one or more rating agencies, MFL may be required to limit its use of Strategic Transactions in accordance with the specified guidelines of the applicable rating agencies.

Certain federal income tax requirements may restrict or affect the ability of MFL to engage in Strategic Transactions. In addition, the use of certain Strategic Transactions may give rise to taxable income and have certain other consequences.

Interest Rate Transactions. MFL may enter into interest rate swaps and the purchase or sale of interest rate caps and floors. MFL expects to enter into these transactions primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities MFL anticipates purchasing at a later date. MFL will ordinarily use these transactions as a hedge or for duration or risk management although it is permitted to enter into them to enhance income or gain. MFL’s investment policies provide that it will not sell interest rate caps or floors that it does not own.

Interest rate swap transactions include Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps (“MMD Swaps”) or Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index swaps (“SIFMA Swaps”). In a SIFMA Swap, MFL exchanges with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments linked to the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index). Because the underlying index is a tax-exempt index, SIFMA Swaps may reduce cross-market risks incurred by MFL and increase MFL’s ability to hedge effectively. SIFMA Swaps are typically quoted for the entire yield curve, beginning with a seven day floating rate index out to 30 years. The duration of a SIFMA Swap is approximately equal to the duration of a fixed-rate municipal bond with the same attributes as the swap (e.g., coupon, maturity, call feature).

MFL may also purchase and sell MMD Swaps, also known as MMD rate locks. An MMD Swap permits MFL to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. By using an MMD Swap, MFL can create a synthetic long or short position, allowing MFL to select the most attractive part of the yield curve. An MMD Swap is a contract between MFL and an MMD Swap provider pursuant to which the parties agree to make payments to each other on a notional amount, contingent upon whether the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above or below a specified level on the expiration date of the contract. For example, if MFL buys an MMD Swap and the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is below the specified level on the expiration date, the counterparty to the contract will make a payment to MFL equal to the specified level minus the actual level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract. If the Municipal Market Data AAA General Obligation Scale is above the specified level on the expiration date, MFL will make a payment to the counterparty equal to the actual level minus the specified level, multiplied by the notional amount of the contract.

MFL’s investment policies provide that it will not enter into MMD Swaps if, as a result, more than 50% of its assets would be required to cover its potential obligations under its hedging and other investment transactions.

In connection with investments in SIFMA and MMD Swaps, there is a risk that municipal yields will move in the opposite direction than anticipated by MFL, which would cause MFL to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect MFL’s performance.

 

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MFL has no obligation to enter into SIFMA Swaps or MMD Swaps and may elect not to do so. The net amount of the excess, if any, of MFL’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each interest rate swap will be accrued on a daily basis, and MFL will segregate or designate on its books and records liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value at least equal to the accrued excess.

If there is a default by the other party to an uncleared interest rate swap transaction, generally MFL will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. With respect to interest rate swap transactions cleared through a central clearing counterparty, a clearing organization will be substituted for the counterparty and will guarantee the parties’ performance under the swap agreement. However, there can be no assurances that the clearing organization will satisfy its obligation to MFL or that MFL would be able to recover the full amount of assets deposited on its behalf with the clearing organization in the event of the default by the clearing organization or MFL’s clearing broker. Certain U.S. federal income tax requirements may limit MFL’s ability to engage in interest rate swaps. Distributions attributable to transactions in interest rate swaps generally will be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders.

Credit Default Swap Agreements. MFL may enter into credit default swap agreements for hedging purposes or to seek to increase its return. The credit default swap agreement may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by MFL. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract may be obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. MFL may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If MFL is a buyer and no credit event occurs, MFL may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, MFL generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap, which typically is between six months and three years, provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As the seller, MFL would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, MFL would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

Credit default swap agreements involve greater risks than if MFL had invested in the reference obligation directly since, in addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risks. MFL will enter into credit default swap agreements only with counterparties the Investment Advisor believes to be creditworthy at the time they enter into such transactions. A buyer generally also will lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur and the swap is held to its termination date. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. MFL’s obligations under a credit default swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to MFL).

MFL will at all times segregate or designate on its books and records in connection with each such transaction liquid assets or cash with a value at least equal to MFL’s exposure (any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed by MFL to any counterparty) on a marked-to- market basis (as calculated pursuant to requirements of the SEC). If MFL is a seller of protection in a credit default swap transaction, it will segregate or designate on its books and records in connection with such transaction liquid assets or cash with a value at least equal to the full notional amount of the contract. Such segregation or designation will ensure that MFL has assets available to satisfy its obligations with respect to the transaction and will avoid any potential leveraging of MFL’s portfolio. Such segregation or designation will not limit MFL’s exposure to loss.

 

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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. MFL may also enter into contracts for the purchase or sale for future delivery (“futures contracts”) of debt securities, aggregates of debt securities or indices or prices thereof, other financial indices and U.S. government debt securities or options on the above. MFL will ordinarily engage in such transactions only for bona fide hedging, risk management (including duration management) and other portfolio management purposes. However, MFL is also permitted to enter into such transactions for non-hedging purposes to enhance income or gain, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the CFTC.

The CFTC subjects advisers to registered investment companies to regulation by the CFTC if a fund that is advised by the investment adviser either (i) invests, directly or indirectly, more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in CFTC-regulated futures, options and swaps (“CFTC Derivatives”), or (ii) markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. To the extent MFL uses CFTC Derivatives, it intends to do so below such prescribed levels and will not market itself as a “commodity pool” or a vehicle for trading such instruments. Accordingly, The Investment Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA. The Investment Advisor is not, therefore, subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA in respect of MFL.

Calls on Securities Indices and Futures Contracts. MFL may sell or purchase call options (“calls”) on municipal bonds and indices based upon the prices of future contracts and debt securities that are traded on U.S. and foreign securities exchanges and in the over-the- counter markets. A call gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying security, futures contract or index at the exercise price at any time or at a specified time during the option period. All such calls sold by MFL must be “covered” as long as the call is outstanding (i.e., MFL must own the securities or futures contract subject to the call or other securities acceptable for applicable escrow requirements). A call sold by MFL exposes MFL during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security, index or futures contract and may require MFL to hold a security of futures contract which it might otherwise have sold. The purchase of a call gives MFL the right to buy a security, futures contract or index at a fixed price. Calls on futures on municipal bonds must also be covered by deliverable securities or the futures contract or by liquid high grade debt securities segregated to satisfy MFL’s obligations pursuant to such instruments.

Puts on Securities, Indices and Futures Contracts. MFL may purchase put options (“puts”) that relate to municipal bonds (whether or not it holds such securities in its portfolio), indices or futures contracts. MFL may also sell puts on municipal bonds, indices or futures contracts on such securities if MFL’s contingent obligations on such puts are secured by segregating or designating liquid assets on MFL’s books and records. MFL’s investment policies provide that it will not sell puts if, as a result, more than 50% of MFL’s assets would be required to cover its potential obligations under its hedging and other investment transactions. In selling puts, there is a risk that MFL may be required to buy the underlying security at a price higher than the current market price.

Counterparty Credit Standards. To the extent that MFL engages in principal transactions, including, but not limited to, over-the-counter options, forward currency transactions, swap transactions, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements and the purchase and sale of bonds and other fixed income securities, it must rely on the creditworthiness of its counterparties under such transactions. In certain instances, the credit risk of a counterparty is increased by the lack of a central clearing house for certain transactions, including certain swap contracts. In the event of the insolvency of a counterparty, MFL may not be able to recover its assets, in full or at all, during the insolvency process. Counterparties to investments may have no obligation to make markets in such investments and may have the ability to apply essentially discretionary margin and credit requirements. Similarly, MFL will be subject to the risk of bankruptcy of, or the inability or refusal to perform with respect to such investments by, the counterparties with which it deals. The Investment Advisor will seek to minimize MFL’s exposure to counterparty risk by entering into such transactions with counterparties the Investment Advisor believes to be creditworthy at the time it enters into the transaction. Certain option transactions and Strategic Transactions may require MFL to provide collateral to secure its performance obligations under a contract, which would also entail counterparty credit risk.

 

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Restricted and Illiquid Securities

Certain of MFL’s investments may be illiquid. Illiquid securities are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on disposition or lack of an established secondary trading market. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.

Repurchase Agreements

MFL may invest in securities pursuant to repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements may be entered into only with a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or a primary dealer or an affiliate thereof, in U.S. Government securities. Under such agreements, the bank or primary dealer or an affiliate thereof agrees, upon entering into the contract, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the term of the agreement. This results in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuations during such period. In repurchase agreements, the prices at which the trades are conducted do not reflect accrued interest on the underlying obligations. Such agreements usually cover short periods, such as under one week. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. In a repurchase agreement, MFL will require the seller to provide additional collateral if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase price at any time during the term of the repurchase agreement. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by MFL but only constitute collateral for the seller’s obligation to pay the repurchase price. Therefore, MFL may suffer time delays and incur costs or possible losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral. In the event of a default under such a repurchase agreement, instead of the contractual fixed rate of return, the rate of return to MFL shall be dependent upon intervening fluctuations of the market value of such security and the accrued interest on the security. In such event, MFL would have rights against the seller for breach of contract with respect to any losses arising from market fluctuations following the failure of the seller to perform.

In general, for federal income tax purposes, repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized loans secured by the securities “sold.” Therefore, amounts earned under such agreements will not be considered tax exempt interest. The treatment of purchase and sales contracts is less certain.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

MFL may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio investments subject to the investment restrictions set forth herein. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by MFL with an agreement by MFL to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. At the time MFL enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may establish and maintain a segregated account with the custodian containing, or designate on its books and records, cash and/or liquid assets having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). If MFL establishes and maintains such a segregated account, or earmarks such assets as described, a reverse repurchase agreement will not be considered a senior security under the 1940 Act and therefore will not be considered a borrowing by MFL; however, under certain circumstances in which MFL does not establish and maintain such segregated account, or earmark such assets on its books and records, such reverse repurchase agreement will be considered a borrowing for the purpose of MFL’s limitation on borrowings. The use by MFL of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks of leverage since the proceeds derived from such reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities. MFL’s use of leverage through reverse repurchase agreements will be subject to MFL’s policy with respect to the use of leverage. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities acquired in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the

 

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securities MFL has sold but is obligated to repurchase. Also, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by MFL in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price.

If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce MFL’s obligation to repurchase the securities and MFL’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, MFL would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.

MFL also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as “sale-buybacks.” A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty that purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of MFL’s repurchase of the underlying security.

Leverage

MFL currently leverages its assets through the use of preferred shares and tender option bonds. MFL currently does not intend to borrow money or issue debt securities. Although it has no present intention to do so, MFL reserves the right to borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, or issue debt securities, in the future if it believes that market conditions would be conducive to the successful implementation of a leveraging strategy through borrowing money or issuing debt securities or preferred shares. Any such leveraging will not be fully achieved until the proceeds resulting from the use of leverage have been invested in accordance with MFL’s investment objective and policies.

The use of leverage can create risks. When leverage is employed, the NAV and market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of common shares will be more volatile than if leverage were not used. Changes in the value of MFL’s portfolio, including securities bought with the proceeds of leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. If there is a net decrease or increase in the value of MFL’s investment portfolio, leverage will decrease or increase, as the case may be, the NAV per common share to a greater extent than if MFL did not utilize leverage. A reduction in MFL’s NAV may cause a reduction in the market price of its shares. During periods in which MFL is using leverage, the fee paid to the Investment Advisor for advisory services will be higher than if MFL did not use leverage, because the fees paid will be calculated on the basis of MFL’s managed assets, which includes the proceeds from leverage. Any leveraging strategy MFL employs may not be successful. See “Risks—Leverage Risk.” MFL currently leverages its assets through tender option bonds transactions. See “Risks—Tender Option Bond Risk” for details about the risks associated with MFL’s use of TOB Residuals.

Certain types of leverage MFL may use may result in MFL being subject to covenants relating to asset coverage and portfolio composition requirements. MFL may be subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by one or more lenders or by guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for any short-term debt securities or preferred shares issued by MFL. The terms of any borrowings or rating agency guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. The Investment Advisor does not believe that these covenants or guidelines will impede it from managing MFL’s portfolio in accordance with its investment objective and policies if MFL were to utilize leverage.

Under the 1940 Act, MFL is not permitted to issue senior securities if, immediately after the issuance of such senior securities, MFL would have an asset coverage ratio (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 300% with respect to senior securities representing indebtedness (i.e., for every dollar of indebtedness outstanding, MFL is required to have at least three dollars of assets) or less than 200% with respect to senior securities representing preferred shares (i.e., for every dollar of preferred shares outstanding, MFL is required to have at

 

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least two dollars of assets). The 1940 Act also provides that MFL may not declare distributions or purchase its stock (including through tender offers) if, immediately after doing so, it will have an asset coverage ratio of less than 300% or 200%, as applicable. Under the 1940 Act, certain short-term borrowings (such as for cash management purposes) are not subject to these limitations if (i) repaid within 60 days, (ii) not extended or renewed and (iii) not in excess of 5% of the total assets of MFL.

Effects of Leverage

Assuming that leverage will represent approximately 39.2% of the Combined Fund’s total managed assets and that the Combined Fund will bear expenses relating to that leverage at an average annual rate of 0.95%, the income generated by the Combined Fund’s portfolio (net of estimated expenses) must exceed 0.37% in order to cover the expenses specifically related to the Combined Fund’s estimated use of leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates used for illustration. Actual leverage expenses will vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.

The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of securities held in the Combined Fund’s portfolio) of (10)%, (5)%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns experienced or expected to be experienced by the Combined Fund. The table further reflects the use of leverage representing 39.2% of the Combined Fund’s total managed assets and the Combined Fund’s currently projected annual leverage expenses of 0.95%.

 

Assumed Portfolio Total Return (net of expenses)

     (10 )%      (5 )%      0     5      10

Common Share Total Return

     (17.0 )%      (8.8 )%      (0.6 )%      7.6      15.8

Common Share total return is composed of two elements: the Common Share dividends paid by the Combined Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Combined Fund) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Combined Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Combined Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital appreciation. For example, a total return of 0% assumes that the tax-exempt interest the Combined Fund receives on its municipal bonds investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.

Borrowings

MFL reserves the right to borrow funds to the extent permitted as described under the below caption “—Investment Restrictions.” The proceeds of borrowings may be used for any valid purpose including, without limitation, liquidity, investments and repurchases of shares of MFL. Borrowing is a form of leverage and, in that respect, entails risks comparable to those associated with the issuance of preferred shares.

 

114


INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMMON SHARES OF THE FUNDS

General

Common shareholders of each Fund are entitled to share pro rata in dividends declared by such Fund’s Board as payable to holders of the Fund’s common shares and in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to holders of the common shares. Common shareholders do not have preemptive or conversion rights (except as the Trustees may determine with respect to MFL) and each Fund’s common shares are not redeemable. Voting rights are substantially identical for the common shareholders of each Fund. Common shareholders of each Fund are entitled to one vote for each Share held by them and do not have any preemptive or preferential right to purchase or subscribe to any Shares of such Fund. Each Fund’s common shares do not have cumulative voting rights, which means that the holders of more than 50% of a Fund’s common shares voting for the election of Board Members can elect all of the Board Members standing for election by such holders, and, in such event, the holders of the Fund’s remaining common shares will not be able to elect any Board Members. The outstanding MFL and Acquiring Fund common shares are fully paid and non-assessable, except that the Board of the Acquiring Fund has the power to cause common shareholders to pay certain expenses of the Acquiring Fund by setting off charges due from common shareholders from declared but unpaid dividends or distributions owed the common shareholders and/or by reducing the number of common shares owned by each respective common shareholder. Whenever preferred shares, including VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, are outstanding, a Fund may not declare a dividend or distribution to common shareholders (other than a distribution paid in shares of, or in options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase, common shares or other shares, if any, ranking junior to the preferred shares of the Fund) or call for redemption, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any common shares (except by conversion into or exchange for shares of the Fund ranking junior to the preferred shares) unless all accumulated dividends on preferred shares have been paid and the Fund has redeemed the full number of any preferred shares required to be redeemed, and unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to preferred shares at the time of declaration of such dividend or distribution or at the time of such purchase would be at least 200% after giving effect to the dividend or distribution or purchase price.

Purchase and Sale of Common Shares

Purchase and sale procedures for the common shares of each of the Funds are identical. Each Fund has its common shares listed on the NYSE. Investors typically purchase and sell common shares of the Funds through a registered broker-dealer on the NYSE, thereby incurring a brokerage commission set by the broker-dealer. Alternatively, investors may purchase or sell common shares of each of the Funds through privately negotiated transactions with existing common shareholders. Set forth below is information about each Fund’s common shares as of December 7, 2021.

 

Fund

   Title of Class      Amount
Authorized
     Amount
Held by
Fund for its
Own
Account
   Amount
Outstanding
Exclusive of
Amount
Shown in
Previous
Column
 

Target Fund (MFL)

     Common Shares        Unlimited      0      37,896,208  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

     Common Shares        199,984,329      0      38,296,266  

Common Share Price Data

The following tables set forth the high and low market prices for common shares of each Fund on the NYSE for each full quarterly period within each Fund’s two most recent fiscal years and each full quarter since the beginning of each Fund’s current fiscal year, along with the NAV and discount or premium to NAV for each quotation.

 

115


Target Fund (MFL)

   Market Price      NAV      Premium/(Discount) to NAV  

Period Ended

       High              Low              High              Low              High             Low      

8/31/21

   $ 15.21      $ 14.58      $ 15.57      $ 15.39        (2.30 )%      (5.30 )% 

5/31/21

   $ 14.69      $ 13.95      $ 15.26      $ 14.89        (3.70 )%      (6.30 )% 

2/28/21

   $ 14.62      $ 13.79      $ 15.46      $ 14.89        (5.40 )%      (7.40 )% 

11/30/20

   $ 13.99      $ 13.08      $ 14.95      $ 14.52        (6.40 )%      (9.90 )% 

8/31/20

   $ 13.98      $ 12.83      $ 14.97      $ 14.27        (6.60 )%      (10.10 )% 

5/31/20

   $ 14.07      $ 10.16      $ 15.34      $ 13.52        (8.30 )%      (24.90 )% 

2/28/20

   $ 13.97      $ 13.17      $ 15.41      $ 14.66        (9.30 )%      (10.20 )% 

11/30/19

   $ 13.78      $ 11.96      $ 14.75      $ 14.74        (6.60 )%      (18.90 )% 

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

   Market Price      NAV      Premium/(Discount) to NAV  

Period Ended

   High      Low      High      Low      High     Low  

10/31/21

   $ 16.03      $ 15.15      $ 16.08      $ 15.90        (0.31 )%      (4.72 )% 

7/31/21

   $ 16.11      $ 15.14      $ 16.29      $ 16.09        (1.10 )%      (5.90 )% 

4/30/21

   $ 15.28      $ 14.66      $ 16.16      $ 15.98        (5.45 )%      (8.26 )% 

1/31/21

   $ 15.01      $ 14.01      $ 16.26      $ 15.67        (7.69 )%      (10.59 )% 

10/31/20

   $ 14.65      $ 13.96      $ 16.06      $ 15.81        (8.78 )%      (11.70 )% 

7/31/20

   $ 14.22      $ 12.87      $ 15.95      $ 14.87        (10.85 )%      (13.45 )% 

4/30/20

   $ 14.93      $ 11.84      $ 16.19      $ 14.84        (7.78 )%      (20.22 )% 

1/31/20

   $ 14.77      $ 14.02      $ 16.19      $ 15.81        (8.77 )%      (11.32 )% 

10/31/19

   $ 14.72      $ 12.81      $ 16.08      $ 15.83        (8.46 )%      (19.08 )% 

For the periods shown in the tables above, the common shares of each Fund traded at a discount.

The table below sets forth the market price, NAV, and the premium/discount to NAV of each Fund as of December 6, 2021.

 

Fund

   Market
Price
     NAV      Premium/
(Discount)
to NAV
 

Target Fund (MFL)

   $ 14.34      $ 15.23        (5.8 )% 

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

   $ 15.30      $ 15.90        (3.8 )% 

To the extent MFL’s common shares are trading at a wider discount (or a narrower premium) than the Acquiring Fund at the time of the Reorganization, MFL’s common shareholders would have the potential for an economic benefit by the narrowing of the discount or widening of the premium. To the extent MFL’s common shares are trading at a narrower discount (or wider premium) than the Acquiring Fund at the time of the Reorganization, MFL’s common shareholders may be negatively impacted if the Reorganization is consummated. Acquiring Fund common shareholders would only benefit from a premium/discount perspective to the extent the post-Reorganization discount (or premium) of the Acquiring Fund common shares improves.

There can be no assurance that, after the Reorganization, common shares of the Combined Fund will trade at, above or below NAV. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the Combined Fund common shares may trade at a price that is less than the current market price of Acquiring Fund common shares. In the Reorganization, common shareholders of MFL will receive Acquiring Fund common shares based on the relative NAVs (not the market values) of the respective Fund’s common shares. The market value of the common shares of the Combined Fund may be less than the market value of the common shares of a Fund prior to the Reorganization.

 

116


Common Share Dividend History

During the two most recent fiscal years, each Fund has made monthly cash distributions to holders of the Fund’s common shares and the aggregate amount of distributions declared during this period by the Acquiring Fund and MFL was $1.16 and $1.13 per common share, respectively. Whenever preferred shares, including VRDP Shares, are outstanding, a Fund may not declare a dividend or distribution to common shareholders (other than a distribution in common shares of the Fund) or purchase its common shares unless all accumulated dividends on preferred shares have been paid, and unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to preferred shares at the time of declaration of such dividend or distribution or at the time of such purchase would be at least 200% after giving effect to the dividend or distribution or purchase price.

Record Holders of Common Shares

As of December 7, 2021, each Fund had the following number of common shareholders:

 

Title of Class

   Number of
MFL
Record Holders
   Number of
MUI
Record Holders

Common Stock

   37,896,208    38,296,266

 

117


EXPENSE TABLE FOR COMMON SHAREHOLDERS

The purpose of the comparative fee table below is to assist shareholders of each Fund in understanding the various costs and expenses of investing in common shares of each Fund and Combined Fund. The information in the table reflects the fees and expenses incurred by MFL during the 12-month period ended August 31, 2021 and the Acquiring Fund during the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021 (audited) and the pro forma expenses for the 12-month period ended April 30, 2021 for the Combined Fund assuming the Reorganization took place on May 1, 2020.

There can be no assurance that future expenses of the Combined Fund will not increase or that any expense savings for any Fund will be realized. The scenarios presented illustrate the pro forma effects on operating expenses for all possible combinations.

 

    Target Fund
(MFL)
    Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
    Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)
 

Shareholder Transaction Expenses

     

Maximum Sales Load (as a percentage of the offering price) imposed on purchases of common shares(1)

    None       None       None  

Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(2)

   





$0.02 per
share for
open
market
purchases
of common
shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   





$0.02 per
share for
open
market
purchases
of common
shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   





$0.02 per
share for
open
market
purchases
of common
shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Annual Total Expenses (as a percentage of average net assets attributable to common shares)

     

Investment Management Fees(3)(4)

    0.90%       0.89%       0.89%  

Other Expenses

    0.10%       0.09%       0.07%  

Interest Expense(5)

    0.54%       0.60%       0.54%  

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(5)

    1.54%       1.58%       1.50%  

 

(1)

No sales load will be charged in connection with the issuance of Acquiring Fund common shares as part of the Reorganization. Common shares are not available for purchase from the Funds but may be purchased on the NYSE through a broker-dealer subject to individually negotiated commission rates. Common shares purchased in the secondary market may be subject to brokerage commissions or other charges.

 

(2)

The Reinvestment Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by the Fund. However, each participant will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. You will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and a $0.15 per share sold brokerage commission fee if you direct the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell your common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay. See “Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan” for additional information.

 

(3)

MFL currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of the average daily value of its net assets. The Acquiring Fund currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of an aggregate of (i) its average daily value of its net assets, and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities or borrowings used for leverage. For purposes of calculating these fees, “net assets” means the total assets of the applicable Fund minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes, including liabilities represented by tender option bond trusts (“TOB Trust”) and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred shares).

 

(4)

Each Fund and the Investment Advisor have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Investment Advisor has contractually agreed to waive the management fee with respect to any portion of each Fund’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and exchange-traded funds managed by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2023. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Investment Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fees by the amount of investment advisory fees each Fund pays to the Investment Advisor indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Investment Advisor or its affiliates, through June 30,

 

118


  2023. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by the Funds (upon the vote of a majority of the Independent Board Members or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of each Fund), upon 90 days’ written notice by each Fund to the Investment Advisor.

 

(5) 

The total expense table includes interest expense associated with the Funds’ investments in TOBs (also known as “inverse floaters”). Although such interest expense is actually paid by special purpose vehicles in which the Funds invest, they are recorded on the Funds’ financial statements for accounting purposes. The total expense table also includes, in interest expense, dividends associated with the Funds’ VRDP Shares and VMTP Shares, as applicable, because the VRDP Shares and VMTP Shares, as applicable, are considered debt of the Funds for financial reporting purposes.

Each Fund uses leverage to seek to enhance its returns to common shareholders. This leverage generally takes two forms: the issuance of preferred shares and investment in TOBs. Both forms of leverage benefit common shareholders if the cost of the leverage is lower than the returns earned by a Fund when it invests the proceeds from the leverage. In order to help you better understand the costs associated with the Funds’ leverage strategy, the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses (excluding interest expense) for the Funds are presented below:

 

Target Fund
(MFL)
  Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
  Pro forma
Combined Fund
(MFL into MUI)
1.00%   0.98%   0.96%

The following example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the common shares of the Combined Fund pro forma if the Reorganization is completed with the costs of investing in MFL and the Acquiring Fund without the Reorganization. An investor in common shares would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1) the “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” for each Fund set forth in the total expenses table above and (2) a 5% annual return throughout the period:

 

     1 Year      3 Years      5 Years      10 Years  

Target Fund (MFL)

   $ 16      $ 49      $ 84      $ 183  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

   $ 16      $ 50      $ 86      $ 188  

Pro forma Combined Fund (MFL into MUI)

   $ 15      $ 47      $ 82      $ 179  

The examples set forth above assume common shares of each Fund were owned as of the completion of the Reorganization and the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions and uses a 5% annual rate of return as mandated by SEC regulations. The examples should not be considered a representation of past or future expenses or annual rates of return. Actual expenses or annual rates of return may be more or less than those assumed for purposes of the examples.

Common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund and MFL will indirectly bear a portion of the costs of the Reorganization. The expenses of the Reorganization are estimated to be approximately $415,990 for the Acquiring Fund and $438,816 for MFL. The Acquiring Fund will bear approximately $373,448 of its estimated Reorganization expenses and MFL will bear $353,291 of its estimated Reorganization expenses, with any costs in excess of such amounts to be borne by the Investment Advisor. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be approximately $319,212. The Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein.

VMTP Holders and VRDP Holders, as applicable, are not expected to bear any costs of the Reorganization.

 

119


CAPITALIZATION TABLE

The Board of each Fund may authorize separate classes of shares together with such designation of preferences, rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations, qualifications or terms as may be determined from time to time by the Board of such Fund. The table below sets forth the capitalization of the Funds as of August 31, 2021 and the pro forma capitalization of the Combined Fund assuming the Reorganization was consummated as of August 31, 2021.

Capitalization of each Fund as of August 31, 2021 and pro forma capitalization of the Combined Fund assuming the Reorganization is consummated (unaudited)

 

     Target Fund
(MFL)
     Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
     Adjustments     Pro forma
Combined
Fund (MFL
into MUI)
 

Net Assets Attributable to:

          

Common Shares(1)

   $ 582,803,788      $ 617,973,710      $ (5,022,572 )(2)    $ 1,195,754,926  

VRDP/VMTP Shares

   $ 274,600,000      $ 287,100,000        —       $ 5617,00,000  

Shares Outstanding

          

Common Shares

     37,896,208        38,296,266        (1,651,555 )(3)      74,540,919  

VRDP/VMTP Shares

     2,746        2,871        —         5,617  

NAV per Common Share

   $ 15.38      $ 16.14        —       $ 16.04  

Liquidation Preference per VRDP/VMTP Shares

   $ 100,000.00      $ 100,000.00        —       $ 100,000.00  

 

(1) 

Based on the number of outstanding common shares as of August 31, 2021.

 

(2) 

Reflects non-recurring aggregate estimated Reorganization expenses of $726,738, of which $353,291 was attributable to MFL and $373,447 was attributable to MUI. The actual costs associated with the Reorganization may be more or less than the estimated costs discussed herein. Additionally, for the Acquiring Fund, the costs of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing are estimated to be $319,212. These costs will be amortized over the life of the VRDP Shares by the Combined Fund. Reflects UNII of $4,509,156, of which $1,874,119 was attributable to MFL and $2,635,037 was attributable to MUI.

 

(3) 

Reflects adjustments due to differences in per common share NAV.

 

120


FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (MFL)

The Financial Highlights table is intended to help you understand MFL’s financial performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects the financial results for a single common share of MFL. The total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in MFL (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and/or distributions, if applicable). The information shown has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, MFL’s independent registered public accounting firm. Financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 and the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon appear in MFL’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, which is available upon request.

Please see next page for Financial Highlights Table

 

121


Financial Highlights (continued)

MFL Financial Highlights

 

     Year Ended August 31,  
     2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  

Net asset value, beginning of year

   $ 14.75     $ 14.94     $ 14.09     $ 14.91     $ 15.86  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment income(a)

     0.60       0.57       0.59       0.71       0.78  

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)

     0.61       (0.21 )     0.90       (0.76     (0.87
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) from investment operations

     1.21       0.36       1.49       (0.05     (0.09
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Distributions to Common Shareholders from net investment income(b)

     (0.58 )     (0.55 )     (0.64 )     (0.77     (0.86
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net asset value, end of year

   $ 15.38     $ 14.75     $ 14.94     $ 14.09     $ 14.91  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Market price, end of year

   $ 14.88     $ 13.45     $ 13.60     $ 12.73     $ 15.03  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Return Applicable to Common Shareholders(c)

          

Based on net asset value

     8.56 %     2.85 %     11.42 %     (0.05 )%     (0.34 )%
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Based on market price

     15.18 %     3.02 %     12.27 %     (10.42 )%     0.46
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ratios to Average Net Assets Applicable to Common Shareholders

          

Total expenses

     1.54 %     2.19 %     2.67 %     2.51     2.17
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed

     1.48 %     2.11 %     2.58 %     2.41     2.08
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed and excluding interest expense, fees, and amortization of offering costs(d)(e)

     0.94 %     0.93 %     0.94 %     0.94     0.95
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment income to Common Shareholders

     3.97 %     3.90 %     4.15 %     4.91     5.22
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Data

          

Net assets applicable to Common Shareholders, end of year (000)

   $ 582,796     $ 558,929     $ 566,341     $ 534,075     $ 564,383  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

VRDP Shares outstanding at $100,000 liquidation value, end of year (000)

   $ 274,600     $ 274,600     $ 274,600     $ 274,600     $ 274,600  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Asset coverage per VRDP Shares at $100,000 liquidation value, end of year

   $ 312,234     $ 303,543     $ 306,242     $ 294,492     $ 305,529  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowings outstanding, end of year (000)

   $ 89,313     $ 91,534     $ 95,978     $ 114,546     $ 123,111  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Portfolio turnover rate

     39 %     44 %     52 %     22     16
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) 

Based on average Common Shares outstanding.

 

(b)

Distributions for annual periods determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations.

 

(c) 

Total returns based on market price, which can be significantly greater or less than the net asset value, may result in substantially different returns. Where applicable, excludes the effects of any sales charges and assumes the reinvestment of distributions at actual reinvestment prices.

 

(d) 

Interest expense, fees and amortization of offering costs related to TOB Trusts and/or VMTP Shares. See Note 4 and Note 10 of the Notes to Financial Statements for details.

 

(e) 

The total expense ratio after fees waived and/or reimbursed and excluding interest expense, fees, amortization of offering costs, liquidity and remarketing fees as follows:

 

     Year Ended August 31,  
     2021   2020   2019     2018     2017  

Expense ratios

           0.93%           0.92%             0.93 %             0.93 %             0.94 %
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

122


BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (MUI)

The Financial Highlights table is intended to help you understand the Acquiring Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects the financial results for a single common share of the Acquiring Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Acquiring Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and/or distributions, if applicable). The information shown has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Acquiring Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 and the Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon appear in the Acquiring Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, which is available upon request.

Please see next page for Financial Highlights Table

 

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Financial Highlights (concluded)

The Acquiring Fund (MUI) Financial Highlights

 

    Year Ended April 30,  
    2021     2020     2019     2018     2017  

Net asset value, beginning of year

  $ 14.62     $ 15.40     $ 14.93     $ 15.17     $ 16.16  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment income(a)

    0.64       0.56       0.56       0.59       0.65  

Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)

    1.48       (0.81     0.47       (0.23     (0.83
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) from investment operations

    2.12       (0.25     1.03       0.36       (0.18
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Distributions to Common Shareholders(b)

         

From net investment income

    (0.63 )     (0.53     (0.53 )     (0.60     (0.67

From net realized gain

                (0.03 )     (0.00 )(c)     (0.14
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total distributions to Common Shareholders

    (0.63 )     (0.53     (0.56 )     (0.60     (0.81
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net asset value, end of year

  $ 16.11     $ 14.62     $ 15.40     $ 14.93     $ 15.17  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Market price, end of year

  $ 15.09     $ 13.13     $ 13.85     $ 13.01     $ 13.96  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Return Applicable to Common Shareholders(d)

         

Based on net asset value

    15.08 %     (1.41 )%     7.68 %     2.76     (0.69 )%
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Based on market price

    20.02 %     (1.56 )%     11.13 %     (2.69 )%     (2.77 )%
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ratios to Average Net Assets Applicable to Common Shareholders

         

Total expenses

    1.58 %     2.31     2.63 %     2.17     1.90
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed

    1.58 %     2.31     2.63 %     2.17     1.89
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed and excluding interest expense, fees, and amortization of offering costs(e)

    0.98 %     0.97     1.01 %     0.97     0.96
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net investment income to Common Shareholders

    4.05 %     3.59     3.73 %     3.87     4.12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Data

         

Net assets applicable to Common Shareholders, end of year (000)

  $ 617,032     $ 559,934     $ 589,887     $ 571,769     $ 580,945  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

VMTP Shares outstanding at $100,000 liquidation value, end of year (000)

  $ 287,100     $ 287,100     $ 287,100     $ 287,100     $ 287,100  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Asset coverage per VMTP Shares at $100,000 liquidation value, end of year

  $ 314,919     $ 295,031     $ 305,464     $ 299,153     $ 302,349  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Borrowings outstanding, end of year (000)

  $ 93,069     $ 92,014     $ 93,421     $ 79,136     $ 58,337  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Portfolio turnover rate

    13 %     20     24 %     34     12
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(a) 

Based on average Common Shares outstanding.

 

(b) 

Distributions for annual periods determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations.

 

(c) 

Amount is greater than $(0.005) per share.

 

(d) 

Total returns based on market price, which can be significantly greater or less than the net asset value, may result in substantially different returns. Where applicable, excludes the effects of any sales charges and assumes the reinvestment of distributions at actual reinvestment prices.

 

(e) 

Interest expense, fees and amortization of offering costs related to TOB Trusts and/or VMTP Shares.

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements of the Acquiring Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 are incorporated by reference herein to the Acquiring Fund’s annual report filed on Form N-CSR on July 6, 2021.

The financial statements of MFL for the fiscal year ended August  31, 2021 are incorporated by reference herein to MFL’s annual report filed on Form N-CSR on November 3, 2021.

PRO FORMA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The unaudited pro forma financial information set forth herein is for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the financial condition that actually would have resulted if the Reorganization had been consummated. The closing of the Reorganization is contingent upon certain conditions being satisfied, including that shareholders of the Target Fund must approve the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund and that shareholders of the Acquiring Fund must approve the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund common shares in connection with the Reorganization. These pro forma numbers have been estimated in good faith based on information regarding each Fund as of August 31, 2021 or April 30, 2021, as applicable.

The unaudited pro forma information provided herein should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report of each of the Funds, dated August 31, 2021 or April 30, 2021, as applicable, which is on file with the SEC and are available at no charge. Further information on obtaining the Annual Report may be found on page (iv) of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus.

The Reorganization is intended to consolidate the Target Fund with a similar fund advised by the Investment Advisor.

The Funds have the same investment adviser, transfer agent, accounting services agent and custodian. Each of such service providers has entered into an agreement with each Fund, which governs the provision of services to that Fund. Such agreements contain the same terms with respect to each Fund except for the Investment Management Agreement. Each Fund entered into an Investment Management Agreement with the Investment Advisor to provide investment advisory services.

MFL currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of the average daily value of its net assets. The Acquiring Fund currently pays the Investment Advisor a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of an aggregate of (i) its average daily value of its net assets, and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities or borrowings used for leverage. For purposes of calculating these fees, “net assets” means the total assets of the applicable Fund minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes, including liabilities represented by tender option bond trusts (“TOB Trusts”) and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred shares).

If the Reorganization is consummated, the annual contractual investment management fee rate of the Acquiring Fund will be the annual contractual investment management fee rate of the Combined Fund, which will be 0.55% of (i) the average daily value of the Combined Fund’s net assets and (ii) the proceeds of any outstanding debt securities and borrowings used for leverage. The annual contractual investment management fee rate of the Combined Fund is the same as the annual contractual investment management fee rate for each Fund. Please see “Expense Table For Common Shareholders” in this Proxy Statement for additional information.

The unaudited pro forma information set forth below as of August 31, 2021 is intended to present supplemental data as if the Reorganization had been consummated on September 1, 2020.

 

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As of August 31, 2021, the net assets of (i) MFL were approximately $582.8 million and (ii) the Acquiring Fund were approximately $618.0 million. The net assets of the Combined Fund as of August 31, 2021 would have been approximately $1,200.8 million on a pro forma basis. In the Reorganization, the outstanding common shares of the Target Fund will be exchanged for newly issued common shares of the Acquiring Fund, par value $0.001 per share. The aggregate net asset value (not the market value) of Acquiring Fund common shares received by the shareholders of the Target Fund in the Reorganization will equal the aggregate net asset value (not the market value) of Target Fund common shares held by such shareholders immediately prior to the Reorganization, less the direct costs of the Reorganization and the distribution of undistributed net investment income, as applicable (although shareholders may receive cash for their fractional common shares). The aggregate net asset value of the Target Fund immediately prior to the Reorganization will reflect accrued expenses associated with the Reorganization. The amount of increased common shares of 36,272,941 was calculated based on net asset value of the Acquiring Fund common shares of $15.91 in exchange for common shares of the Target Fund.

If the Reorganization is not consummated, then the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund will continue to operate as a standalone Massachusetts business trust or Maryland corporation, as applicable. Both the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund will continue to be advised by the Investment Advisor. If the Reorganization is not consummated, the Investment Advisor may recommend alternative proposals to the Board of each Fund.

If the Reorganization Agreement is approved and all requisite consents are obtained, prior to the Reorganization, it is expected that all of the VMTP Shares of the Acquiring Fund will be refinanced into Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to those of the MFL VRDP Shares. The Reorganization is contingent upon the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing. If the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing is not completed prior to the Closing Date of the Reorganization, then the Reorganization will not be consummated. The terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares may change from time to time, subject to Board approval.

On the Closing Date of the Reorganization, MFL VRDP Holders will receive on a one-for-one basis one newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Share, par value $0.10 per share and with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share (plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on the MFL VRDP Share up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date of the Reorganization if such dividends have not been paid prior to the Closing Date), in exchange for the MFL VRDP Share held by such MFL VRDP Holder immediately prior to the Closing Date. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will have terms that are substantially identical to the terms of the MFL VRDP Shares. The newly issued Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares may be of the same series as the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing or a substantially identical series. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. MFL VRDP Holders will receive the same number of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, with terms substantially identical to the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares, held by such holders immediately prior to the closing of the Reorganization, with the only significant difference being the mandatory redemption date of each Fund’s VRDP Shares as follows:

 

VRDP Shares Redemption Date

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

July 1, 2041

   (1)

 

(1) 

The redemption date of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be 30 years after the completion of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and its issuance of VRDP Shares.

The terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization will be substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing and will rank on parity with such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the

 

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affairs of the Acquiring Fund. The Reorganization will not result in any changes to the terms of the Acquiring Fund’s VRDP Shares outstanding as of the Closing Date.

The Acquiring Fund will issue VRDP Shares with terms substantially identical to the terms of the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares. The only significant difference between the terms of each Fund’s VRDP Shares will be the difference in the mandatory redemption dates as noted above. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares that will be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing will have the same $100,000 per share liquidation preference, dividend period, dividend payment date, voting rights, redemption provisions, remarketing procedures, mandatory purchase events, mandatory tender events, transfer restrictions and covenants with respect to effective leverage, asset coverage and eligible investments. Following the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, the Funds’ VRDP Shares also will have the same mechanism for determining the applicable dividend rate and maximum rate, the same liquidity provider, remarketing agent, tender and paying agent immediately prior to the Closing Date. The MFL VRDP Shares are currently in a one year special rate period that will end on April 15, 2022, unless extended. The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing will also be subject to a special rate period, and the terms of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares during such special rate period will be substantially identical to the terms of the Special Rate Period for the outstanding MFL VRDP Shares.

The unaudited pro forma information set forth below for the period ended August 31, 2021 is intended to present ratios and supplemental data as if the Reorganization had been consummated at September 1, 2020.

On a pro forma basis for the twelve months ended August 31, 2021, the proposed Reorganization would result in no change in the investment advisory fees charged, a decrease in other operating expenses (including custody, legal, accounting, audit fees and liquidity and remarketing fees) of $174,361 and a decrease in investment advisory fee waivers of $313,118 on a pro forma basis for the twelve months ended August 31, 2021.

On a pro forma basis the Total Net Expense Ratio for the twelve months ended August 31, 2021 (including interest expenses) for MFL was 1.54% and for the twelve months ended August 31, 2021 (including interest expense) for the Acquiring Fund was 1.55%. Assuming the Reorganization is consummated, the Combined Fund’s pro forma total annual portfolio operating expense ratio (including interest expenses) is expected to be 1.50%.

On a pro forma basis the Total Net Expense Ratio for the twelve months ended August 31, 2021 (excluding interest expense and after considering voluntary waiver) for MFL was 0.94% and for the twelve months ended April 30, 2021 (excluding interest expense) for the Acquiring Fund’s was 0.97%. Assuming the Reorganization is consummated, the Combined Fund’s pro forma total annual portfolio operating expense ratio (excluding interest expenses) are expected to be 0.96%.

No significant accounting policies will change as a result of the proposed Reorganization, specifically, policies regarding valuation and Subchapter M compliance. As of December 6, 2021, all the securities held by the Target Fund comply with the compliance guidelines and/or investment restrictions of the Acquiring Fund. It is not anticipated that the Acquiring Fund will sell any securities of a Target Fund acquired in the Reorganization other than in the ordinary course of business.

The Reorganization is expected to be tax free for federal income tax purposes. This means that no gain or loss will be recognized by the Target Fund or its shareholders as a result of the Reorganization. The aggregate tax basis of the Acquiring Fund Shares received by the shareholders of the Target Fund will be the same as the aggregate tax basis the shareholders of the Target Fund held in its shares of the Target Fund immediately before the Reorganization.

Accounting Survivor: The Acquiring Fund is deemed to be the “accounting survivor” in connection with the Reorganization.

 

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Cost of Reorganization: Regardless of whether the Reorganization is completed, the costs associated with the proposed Reorganization, including the costs associated with the stockholder meetings and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, will be borne directly by the respective Fund incurring the expense. The estimated expenses of the Reorganization attributable to each Fund are as follows:

 

Estimated Reorganization Expenses

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

$353,291

   $373,447

Undistributed Net Investment Income: If the Reorganization is approved by shareholders, then the greater of (1) substantially all of the undistributed net investment income, if any, or (2) the monthly distribution of each Fund is expected to be declared to such Fund’s common shareholders prior to the Closing Date. As of August 31, 2021, the amount of undistributed net investment income for each Fund was as follows:

 

Undistributed Net Investment Income

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

$1,874,119

   $2,635,037

Capital Loss Carryforwards: As of July 31, 2021, the Funds’ unused capital loss carryforwards, which have no expiration date and may be carried forward indefinitely, were as follows:

 

Capital Loss Carryforward Amount

Target Fund (MFL)

  

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

$(3,649,793)

   $(6,821,182)

 

128


CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATIONS OF TRUST, CHARTER AND BYLAWS

MFL’s Declaration of Trust and Amended and Restated Bylaws and the Acquiring Fund’s Charter and Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the composition of its Board. This could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund.

Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust or Charter of Each Fund

The Board of MUI is divided into three classes, with the terms of one class expiring at each annual meeting of shareholders. At each annual meeting, one class of Board Members for MUI is elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board of MUI. In contrast, the Board of MFL is not classified.

For MFL, a Board Member may be removed (provided the aggregate number of Board Members is not reduced below a certain point), with cause, by a written instrument signed by the remaining Board Members, provided that a Board Member elected by one class of shares shall have no power to remove any Board Member elected by another class of shares, and provided further that a Board Member may be removed by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the class that elected such Board Member. For the Acquiring Fund, a Board Member elected by the holders of capital stock may be removed with or without cause, but only by action taken by holders of at least 66 2/3% of the shares entitled to vote in an election to fill that directorship.

Holders of each Fund’s outstanding VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, voting together as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of all other securities and classes of shares of the Fund, are entitled to elect two Board Members of the Fund at all times.

MFL may merge or consolidate or share exchange with any other entity or may sell or exchange all or substantially all of the assets of MFL with a favorable vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote on such matter, unless such action has previously been approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total number of Board Members, in which case the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote will be required.

For the Acquiring Fund, the Acquiring Fund’s Charter provides that a favorable vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to be voted on the matter shall be required to approve, adopt or authorize (i) a merger or consolidation or statutory share exchange of the Acquiring Fund with any other corporation, (ii) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Acquiring Fund (other than in the regular course of its investment activities), or (iii) a liquidation or dissolution of the Acquiring Fund, unless such action has previously been approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the Acquiring Fund’s Board Members, in which case the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Acquiring Fund entitled to vote thereon shall be required.

If any plan of reorganization (as such term is used under the 1940 Act) adversely affects a Fund’s preferred shares, including such Fund’s VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, then such plan of reorganization will require the approval of a 1940 Act Majority of the holders of such preferred shares, including such Fund’s VRDP Holders or VMTP Holders, as applicable.

With respect to the Acquiring Fund, Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution

 

129


of its board of directors, as documented pursuant to the filing of articles supplementary, and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to a provision requiring that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Pursuant to Subtitle 8 and by amendment to the bylaws, the Board of the Acquiring Fund elected to provide that vacancies on the Board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred.

The Board of each Fund has determined that the voting requirements described above are in the best interests of shareholders generally. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust or Charter of each Fund on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

Certain Provisions in the Bylaws of Each Fund

Each Fund’s bylaws generally require that advance notice be given to the Fund in the event a shareholder desires to nominate a person for election to the Board or to transact any other business at an annual meeting of shareholders. Notice of any such nomination or business must be delivered to or received at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than 120 calendar days nor more than 150 calendar days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting (subject to certain exceptions). Any notice by a shareholder must be accompanied by certain information as provided in the bylaws. Reference should be made to each Fund’s bylaws on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

 

130


GOVERNING LAW

MFL was organized as a Massachusetts business trust pursuant to a Declaration of Trust governed by the laws of the State of Massachusetts on September 8, 1997, and commenced operations on September 26, 1997.

The Acquiring Fund was formed as a Maryland corporation governed by the laws of the State of Maryland on May 15, 2003, and commenced operations on August 1, 2003.

In general, a Maryland corporation provides great certainty with respect to limitation of personal liability. Shareholders of a Maryland corporation currently have no personal liability for the corporation’s acts or obligations, except that a shareholder may be liable to the extent that (i) the shareholder knowingly accepted a distribution in violation of such Maryland corporation’s charter or the Maryland General Corporation Law or (ii) the subscription price or other agreed upon consideration for stock subscribed for has not been paid.

A fund organized as a Massachusetts business trust, such as MFL, is governed by the trust’s declaration of trust or similar instrument. Massachusetts law allows the trustees of a business trust to set the terms of a fund’s governance in its declaration of trust. All power and authority to manage the fund and its affairs generally reside with the trustees, and shareholder voting and other rights are limited to those provided to the shareholders in the declaration of trust.

Because Massachusetts law governing business trusts provides more flexibility compared to typical state corporate statutes, the Massachusetts business trust is a common form of organization for investment companies, including both closed-end funds and open-end funds. However, some consider it less desirable than other entities because it relies on the terms of the applicable declaration of trust and judicial interpretations rather than statutory provisions for substantive issues, such as the personal liability of shareholders and trustees.

Shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust are not afforded the statutory limitation of personal liability for the trust’s obligations generally afforded to shareholders of a corporation. Instead, the declaration of trust of a fund organized as a Massachusetts business trust typically provides that a shareholder will not be personally liable, and further provides for indemnification to the extent that a shareholder is found personally liable, for the fund’s acts or obligations. The Declaration of Trust for MFL (the “MFL Declaration”) contains such provisions.

Similarly, the trustees of a Massachusetts business trust are not afforded statutory protection from personal liability for the obligations of the trust. However, courts in Massachusetts have recognized limitations of a trustee’s personal liability in contract actions for the obligations of a trust contained in the trust’s declaration of trust, and declarations of trust may also provide that trustees may be indemnified out of the assets of the trust to the extent held personally liable. The MFL Declaration contains such provisions.

The foregoing discusses only certain differences between MFL under Massachusetts law and the Acquiring Fund under Maryland law. It is not intended to be a complete list of differences, and shareholders should refer to the relevant laws of each state and the provisions of each Fund’s applicable organizational documents for a more thorough comparison. Such documents are filed as part of each Fund’s registration statement with the SEC, and shareholders may obtain copies of such documents as described on page iv of this Proxy Statement.

 

131


CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND

To convert each Fund to an open-end investment company, the MFL’s Declaration of Trust and the Acquiring Fund’s Charter each require an amendment to the respective Fund’s declaration of trust or charter.

For MFL, the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company requires an amendment to the Fund’s declaration of trust. Such an amendment would require the favorable vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the holders of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to be voted on the matter, voting as a single class (unless such conversion has been approved by two-thirds of the total number of Board Members fixed in accordance with the Declaration, in which case approval by a majority of MFL’s shareholders is required), and the affirmative vote of at least a majority of outstanding preferred shares of MFL, voting as a separate class.

With respect to the Acquiring Fund, the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company requires an amendment to the Fund’s charter. The amendment would have to be declared advisable by the Board prior to its submission to shareholders. Such an amendment would require the favorable vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the Fund’s outstanding shares of capital stock (including preferred stock) entitled to be voted on the matter, voting as a single class (or a majority of such shares if the amendment was previously approved, adopted or authorized by two-thirds of the total number of Board Members fixed in accordance with the Fund’s bylaws), and the affirmative vote of a majority of outstanding shares (as defined in the 1940 Act) of preferred stock of the Fund, voting as a separate class.

The foregoing votes would satisfy a separate requirement in the 1940 Act that any conversion of a Fund to an open-end investment company be approved by the shareholders. If approved in the foregoing manners, we anticipate conversion of a Fund to an open-end investment company might not occur until 90 days after the shareholders’ meeting at which such conversion was approved and would also require at least 10 days’ prior notice to all shareholders. Following any such conversion, it is possible that certain of the Fund’s investment policies and strategies would have to be modified to assure sufficient portfolio liquidity. In the event of conversion, the Fund’s common shares would cease to be listed on the NYSE and the Fund’s preferred shares would be redeemed. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time, except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act, at their NAV, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. An open-end investment company expects to pay all such redemption requests in cash, but reserves the right to pay redemption requests in a combination of cash and securities. If such partial payment in securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in converting such securities to cash. If a Fund were converted to an open-end investment company, it is likely that new shares would be sold at NAV plus a sales load. Each Board believes, however, that its Fund’s closed-end structure is desirable in light of its Fund’s investment objective and policies. Therefore, shareholders should assume that it is not likely that any Board would vote to convert its Fund to an open-end fund.

 

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VOTE REQUIRED AND MANNER OF VOTING PROXIES

Record Date

The Funds’ have fixed the close of business on December 7, 2021 as the record date (the “Record Date”) for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Special Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Shareholders on the Record Date will be entitled to one vote for each Share held, with no Shares having cumulative voting rights.

A list of each Fund’s shareholders of record as of the Record Date will be available for inspection at the shareholder meeting and at the offices of the Funds, 100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, DE 19809, for inspection by a Fund’s shareholders during regular business hours beginning two business days after notice is given of the Special Meeting.

As of the Record Date, the Funds had the following number of common shares and preferred shares outstanding:

 

Title of Class

   Target Fund
(MFL)
     Acquiring Fund
(MUI)
 

Common Shares

     37,896,208        38,296,266  

VRDP Shares

     2,746        2,871  

Proxies

Shareholders may vote by participating at the Special Meeting remotely, by returning the enclosed proxy card or by casting their vote via telephone or the Internet using the instructions provided on the enclosed proxy card (described in greater detail below). Shareholders of each Fund have the opportunity to submit their voting instructions via the Internet or by “touch-tone” telephone voting. The giving of such a proxy will not affect your right to vote should you decide to attend the Special Meeting remotely. To use the Internet, please access the Internet address found on your proxy card. To record your voting instructions by automated telephone, please call the toll-free number listed on your proxy card. The Internet and automated telephone voting instructions are designed to authenticate shareholder identities, to allow shareholders to give their voting instructions, and to confirm that shareholders’ instructions have been recorded properly. Shareholders submitting their voting instructions via the Internet should understand that there may be costs associated with Internet access, such as usage charges from Internet access providers and telephone companies that must be borne by the shareholders. Any person giving a proxy may revoke it at any time prior to its exercise by giving written notice of the revocation to the Secretary of the Fund at 40 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10022, by delivering a duly executed proxy bearing a later date, by recording later-dated voting instructions via the Internet or automated telephone or by attending the Special Meeting and voting. The giving of a proxy will not affect your right to vote if you attend the Special Meeting and wish to do so.

Votes cast by proxy or at the Special Meeting will be tabulated by the inspectors of election appointed for the Special Meeting. For each Fund, the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter present at the Special Meeting or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum at such Special Meeting of the shareholders for purposes of conducting business on such matter. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the chair of the Special Meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, in the manner provided in the Fund’s bylaws, until a quorum shall be present or represented.

The inspectors of election, who may be employees of BlackRock, will determine whether or not a quorum is present at the Special Meeting. The inspectors of election will generally treat abstentions and “broker non-votes” (i.e., shares held by brokers or nominees, typically in “street name,” as to which proxies have been returned but

 

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(a) instructions have not been received from the beneficial owners or persons entitled to vote and (b) the broker or nominee does not have discretionary voting power or elects not to exercise discretion on a particular matter) as present for purposes of determining a quorum, subject to any applicable rules of the NYSE.

If you hold your shares directly (not through a broker-dealer, bank or other financial institution) and if you return a properly executed proxy card that does not specify how you wish to vote on a proposal, your shares will be voted “FOR” each proposal on which you are entitled to vote.

Broker-dealer firms holding shares of a Fund in “street name” for the benefit of their customers and clients will request the instructions of such customers and clients on how to vote their shares on Proposals 1-2 before the Special Meeting. Proposals 1-2 are not “routine” matters and shareholder instructions are required for broker-dealers to vote a beneficial owner’s shares.

If you hold shares of a Fund through a bank or other financial institution or intermediary (called a service agent) that has entered into a service agreement with the Fund or a distributor of the Fund, the service agent may be the record holder of your shares. At the Special Meeting, a service agent will vote shares for which it receives instructions from its customers in accordance with those instructions. A properly executed proxy card or other authorization by a shareholder that does not specify how the shareholder’s shares should be voted on a proposal may be deemed to authorize a service provider to vote such shares in favor of the proposal. Depending on its policies, applicable law or contractual or other restrictions, a service agent may be permitted to vote shares with respect to which it has not received specific voting instructions from its customers. In those cases, the service agent may, but may not be required to, vote such shares in the same proportion as those shares for which the service agent has received voting instructions. This practice is commonly referred to as “echo voting.”

All properly executed proxies received prior to the Special Meeting will be voted in accordance with the instructions marked thereon or otherwise as provided therein. Unless instructions to the contrary are marked, proxies will be voted “FOR” the approval of each proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes are not treated as votes “FOR” a proposal.

MFL VRDP Holders are being asked to consider Proposal 1(A) and Proposal 1(B) below. With respect to Proposal 1(A) and 1(B), abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted as shares present and will therefore have the same effect as votes “AGAINST” the proposals.

Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders are being asked to consider Proposals 1(C) and 2 below. With respect to Proposals 1(C) and 2, abstentions will be counted as shares present and will therefore have the same effect as votes “AGAINST” the proposals and broker non-votes will not have any effect on the result of the vote.

Voting Requirement for Proposal 1: The Reorganization of the Funds

 

Proposals

  

Required Approval of
Shareholders

Proposal 1(A): The common shareholders and VRDP Holders of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein, including (i) the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s assets and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to the common shareholders    Majority of the outstanding shares voting as a single class

 

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Proposals

  

Required Approval of
Shareholders

(although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and VRDP Holders, respectively, of MFL, and which shall constitute the sole consideration to be distributed or paid to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and the VRDP Holders in respect of their common shares and VRDP Shares, respectively, and (ii) the termination by MFL of its registration under the 1940 Act, and the liquidation, dissolution and termination of MFL in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law.   
Proposal 1(B): The VRDP Holders of MFL are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the Reorganization.    1940 Act Majority
Proposal 1(C): The VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve the Reorganization Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.    1940 Act Majority

Voting Requirement for Proposal 2: The Issuance of Acquiring Fund Common Shares

 

Proposals

  

Required Approval of
Shareholders

Proposal 2: The common shareholders and VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund common shares in connection with the Reorganization.    Majority of shares present or represented by proxy

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Share Ownership Information

Information relating to each Board Member’s share ownership in each Fund and in the other funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex that are overseen by the respective director (“Supervised Funds”) as of December 31, 2020 is set forth in the chart below:

 

Name of Board Member

   Aggregate Dollar
Range of
Common
Shares in MFL
     Aggregate Dollar
Range of
Common
Shares in the
Acquiring
Fund (MUI)
    

Aggregate Dollar
Range of
Common
Shares in
Supervised
Funds*

Independent Board Members

        

Michael J. Castellano

     $10,001-$50,000        $10,001-$50,000      Over $100,000

Richard E. Cavanagh

     $1-$10,000        $1-$10,000      Over $100,000

Cynthia L. Egan

     None        None      Over $100,000

Frank J. Fabozzi

     None        $1-$10,000      Over $100,000

Lorenzo A. Flores**

     None        None      None

Stayce D. Harris***

     None        None      None

J. Phillip Holloman***

     None        None      None

R. Glenn Hubbard

     None        None      Over $100,000

W. Carl Kester

     None        None      Over $100,000

Catherine A. Lynch

     None        None      Over $100,000

Karen P. Robards

     None        $10,001-$50,000      Over $100,000

Interested Board Members

        

John M. Perlowski

     None        None      Over $100,000

Robert Fairbairn

     None        None      Over $100,000

 

*

Includes share equivalents owned under the deferred compensation plan in the Supervised Funds by certain Independent Board Members who have participated in the deferred compensation plan of the Supervised Funds.

 

**

Appointed as a Board Member of each Fund effective July 30, 2021.

 

***

Appointed as a Board Member of each Fund effective June 10, 2021.

As of December 31, 2020, none of the Independent Board Members of each Fund or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of BlackRock or any affiliate of BlackRock or underwriter or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with any such entities nor did any Independent Board Member of each Fund or their immediate family member have any material interest in any transaction, or series of similar transactions, during the most recently completed two calendar years involving each Fund, BlackRock or any affiliate of BlackRock or underwriter or any person controlling, controlled by or under common control with any such entities.

As of December 1, 2021, the Independent Board Members (and their respective immediate family members) did not beneficially own securities of the Investment Advisor, or an entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Investment Advisor (not including registered investment companies).

 

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5% Beneficial Share Ownership

Unless otherwise indicated, the information set forth below is as of December 7, 2021. To each Fund’s knowledge, no person beneficially owned more than 5% of the Fund’s respective outstanding common shares, except as set forth below.

 

Fund

   Investor    Address    Common
Shares
Held
     Common
Shares %
Held
    Preferred
Shares
Held
     Preferred
Shares %
Held
 
Target Fund (MFL)                                 
Acquiring Fund (MUI)    Eaton Vance
Management
   2 International Place

Boston, MA 02110

     4,982,183        13.01%               

 

The information contained in this table is based on Schedule 13D/13G filings made on or before December 7, 2021.

As of December 1, 2021, the officers and Board Members of each Fund, as a group, beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding common shares of each such Fund and none of the outstanding VRDP Shares or VMTP Shares, as applicable, of each such Fund.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The independent registered public accounting firm for the Funds performs an annual audit of each Fund’s financial statements. Each Fund’s Board has appointed Deloitte & Touche LLP to be each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP is located at 200 Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Legal Matters

Certain legal matters concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Reorganization will be passed upon by Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, which serves as counsel to the Funds. Certain legal matters concerning the issuance of the common shares of the Acquiring Fund Shares will be passed upon by Miles & Stockbridge P.C., which serves as special Maryland counsel to the Acquiring Fund.

Submission of Shareholder Proposals

To be considered for presentation at a shareholder’s meeting, rules promulgated by the SEC generally require that, among other things, a shareholder’s proposal must be received at the offices of the relevant Fund a reasonable time before solicitation is made. In addition, each Fund’s bylaws provide for advance notice provisions, which require shareholders to give timely notice in proper written form to the Secretary of the Fund. Shareholders should review each Fund’s bylaws for additional information regarding the Funds’ advance notice provisions. The bylaws of MFL were filed with the SEC on September 9, 2010 on Form 8-K and the bylaws of the Acquiring Fund were filed with the SEC on November 2, 2021 on Form 8-K. Shareholders may obtain copies of such documents as described on page iv of this Proxy Statement.

The timely submission of a proposal does not necessarily mean that such proposal will be included. Any shareholder who wishes to submit a proposal for consideration at a meeting of such shareholder’s Fund should send such proposal to the relevant Fund at 40 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10022.

Shareholder Communications

Shareholders who want to communicate with the Board or any individual Board Member should write to the attention of the Secretary of their Fund, 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022. Shareholders may communicate with the Boards electronically by sending an e-mail to closedendfundsbod@blackrock.com. The

 

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communication should indicate that you are a Fund shareholder. If the communication is intended for a specific Board Member and so indicates, it will be sent only to that Board Member. If a communication does not indicate a specific Board Member, it will be sent to the Chair of the Governance Committee and the outside counsel to the Independent Board Members for further distribution as deemed appropriate by such persons.

Additionally, shareholders with complaints or concerns regarding accounting matters may address letters to the CCO of their respective Fund 40 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022. Shareholders who are uncomfortable submitting complaints to the CCO may address letters directly to the Chair of the Audit Committee of the Board that oversees the Fund. Such letters may be submitted on an anonymous basis.

Expense of Proxy Solicitation

The cost of preparing, printing and mailing the enclosed proxy, accompanying notice and this Proxy Statement, and costs in connection with the solicitation of proxies will be borne by the Funds. Additional out-of-pocket costs, such as legal expenses and auditor fees, incurred in connection with the preparation of this Proxy Statement, also will be borne by the Funds. Costs that are borne by the Funds collectively will be allocated among the Funds on the basis of a combination of their respective net assets and number of shareholder accounts, except when direct costs can reasonably be attributed to one or more specific Fund(s).

Solicitation is being made primarily by the mailing of this Notice and Proxy Statement with its enclosures on or about December 22, 2021, but may also be made by mail, telephone, fax, e-mail or the Internet by officers or employees of the Investment Advisor, or by dealers and their representatives. Brokerage houses, banks and other fiduciaries may be requested to forward proxy solicitation material to their principals to obtain authorization for the execution of proxies. Shareholders of the Funds whose shares are held by nominees such as brokers can vote their proxies by contacting their respective nominee. The Funds will reimburse brokerage firms, custodians, banks and fiduciaries for their expenses in forwarding this Proxy Statement and proxy materials to the beneficial owners of each Fund’s Shares. The Funds and the Investment Advisor have retained Georgeson LLC to assist with the distribution of proxy materials and the solicitation and tabulation of proxies. It is anticipated that Georgeson LLC will be paid approximately $105,300 and $96,000 by MFL and the Acquiring Fund, respectively, for such services (including reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenses) with respect to the solicitation of proxies from the common shares, the VRDP Shares and the VMTP Shares. Georgeson LLC may solicit proxies personally and by mail, telephone, fax, e-mail or the Internet. Each Fund’s portion of the foregoing expenses is not subject to any cap or voluntary agreement to waive fees and/or reimburse expenses that may otherwise apply to that Fund.

If You Plan to Attend the Special Meeting

Attendance at the Special Meeting will be limited to each Funds’ shareholders as of the Record Date and valid proxyholders. Each shareholder will be asked to present valid photographic identification, such as a valid driver’s license or passport. Shareholders holding Shares in brokerage accounts or by a bank or other nominee will be required to show satisfactory proof of ownership of Shares in a Fund, such as a voting instruction form (or a copy thereof) or a letter from the shareholder’s bank, broker or other nominee or a brokerage statement or account statement reflecting share ownership as of the Record Date. Cameras, recording devices and other electronic devices will not be permitted at the Special Meeting.

If you are a registered shareholder, you may vote your Shares in person by ballot at the Special Meeting. If you hold your Shares in a brokerage account or through a broker, bank or other nominee, you will not be able to vote in person at the Special Meeting, unless you have previously requested and obtained a “legal proxy” from your broker, bank or other nominee and present it at the Special Meeting.

 

138


Privacy Principles of the Funds

The Funds are committed to maintaining the privacy of shareholders and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information the Funds collect, how we protect that information, and why in certain cases we may share such information with select other parties.

The Funds do not receive any non-public personal information relating to their shareholders who purchase shares through their broker-dealers. In the case of shareholders who are record holders of a Fund, the Fund receives personal non-public information on account applications or other forms. With respect to these shareholders, the Funds also have access to specific information regarding their transactions in each Fund.

The Funds do not disclose any non-public personal information about their shareholders or former shareholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service our shareholders’ accounts (for example, to a transfer agent).

The Funds restrict access to non-public personal information about their shareholders to BlackRock employees with a legitimate business need for the information. The Funds maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the non-public personal information of our shareholders.

Incorporation by Reference

The financial statements of the Acquiring Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 are incorporated by reference herein to the Acquiring Fund’s annual report filed on Form N-CSR on July 6, 2021.

The financial statements of MFL for the fiscal year ended August  31, 2021 are incorporated by reference herein to MFL’s annual report filed on Form N-CSR on November 3, 2021.

See “Financial Statements.” The financial statements have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

Adjournments and Postponements

Failure of a quorum to be present at the Special Meeting may necessitate adjournment. The Board of each Fund may, prior to the Special Meeting being convened, postpone such meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date. The chair of the Special Meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, each Fund may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or more times without further notice not later than one hundred and twenty (120) days after the record date. If after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting in accordance with the requirements of each Fund’s Bylaws shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting and each other shareholder entitled to notice of the meeting.

Please vote promptly by signing and dating each enclosed proxy card, and if received by mail, returning it (them) in the accompanying postage paid return envelope OR by following the enclosed instructions to provide voting instructions by telephone or via the Internet.

 

139


BlackRock is independent in ownership and governance, with no single majority stockholder and a majority of independent directors.

By Order of the Boards,

Janey Ahn

Secretary of the Funds

December 22, 2021

 

147


APPENDIX A

FORM OF AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION

[], 2021

In order to consummate the reorganization contemplated herein (the “Reorganization”) and in consideration of the promises and the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth, and intending to be legally bound, BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund, a registered diversified closed-end investment company, File No. 811-08349 (the “Target Fund”) and BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc., a registered diversified closed-end investment company, File No. 811-21348 (the “Acquiring Fund” and together with the Target Fund, the “Funds”), each hereby agree as follows:

1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE ACQUIRING FUND.

The Acquiring Fund represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Target Fund that:

(a) The Acquiring Fund is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing in conformity with the laws of the State of Maryland and has the power to own all of its assets and to carry out this Agreement. The Acquiring Fund has all necessary federal, state and local authorizations to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and to carry out this Agreement.

(b) The Acquiring Fund is duly registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) as a diversified, closed-end management investment company and such registration has not been revoked or rescinded and is in full force and effect.

(c) The Acquiring Fund has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement subject:

(i) in the case of the consummation of the Reorganization, to the approval of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein by the holders of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares (“Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders”) voting as a separate class, and

(ii) in the case of the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares (as defined in Section 1(o) herein) in connection with the Reorganization to the approval of such issuance of additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares by the common shareholders of the Acquiring Fund (“Acquiring Fund Common Shareholders” and together with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders, the “Acquiring Fund Shareholders”) and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders voting as a single class, in each case as described in Sections 9(a) and (b) hereof.

(d) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action of the Acquiring Fund’s Board of Directors, and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding contract of the Acquiring Fund enforceable against the Acquiring Fund in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and court decisions with respect thereto.

(e) The Acquiring Fund has provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Target Fund the most recent audited annual financial statements of the Acquiring Fund, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) consistently applied and have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, and such statements fairly present the financial condition and the results of operations of the Acquiring Fund as of the respective dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in net assets for the periods indicated, and there are no liabilities of the Acquiring Fund whether actual or contingent and whether or not determined or determinable as of such date that are required to be disclosed but are not disclosed in such statements.

(f) An unaudited statement of assets, capital and liabilities of the Acquiring Fund and an unaudited schedule of investments of the Acquiring Fund, each as of the Valuation Time (as defined in Section 3(e)

 

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herein) (together, the “Acquiring Fund Closing Financial Statements”), will be provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Target Fund, at or prior to the Closing Date (as defined in Section 7(a) herein), for the purpose of determining the number of Acquiring Fund Shares (as defined in Section 1(o) herein) to be issued to the Target Fund shareholders (the “Target Fund Shareholders”) pursuant to Section 3 of this Agreement; the Acquiring Fund Closing Financial Statements will fairly present the financial position of the Acquiring Fund as of the Valuation Time in conformity US GAAP consistently applied.

(g) There are no material legal, administrative or other proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Acquiring Fund, threatened against it which assert liability on the part of the Acquiring Fund or which materially affect its financial condition or its ability to consummate the Reorganization other than as have been disclosed to the Target Fund and/or in the N-14 Registration Statement (as defined in Section 1(l) herein). The Acquiring Fund is not charged with or, to the best of its knowledge, threatened with any violation or investigation of any possible violation of any provisions of any federal, state or local law or regulation or administrative ruling relating to any aspect of its business.

(h) There are no material contracts outstanding to which the Acquiring Fund is a party that have not been disclosed in the N-14 Registration Statement or that will not otherwise be disclosed to the Target Fund prior to the Valuation Time.

(i) The Acquiring Fund is not obligated under any provision of its charter or By-laws, each as amended to the date hereof, and is not a party to any contract or other commitment or obligation, and is not subject to any order or decree, which would be violated by its execution of or performance under this Agreement, except insofar as the Funds have mutually agreed to amend such contract or other commitment or obligation to cure any potential violation as a condition precedent to the Reorganization.

(j) The Acquiring Fund has no known liabilities of a material amount, contingent or otherwise, other than those shown on the Acquiring Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, those incurred since the date thereof in the ordinary course of its business as an investment company, and those incurred in connection with the Reorganization. As of the Valuation Time, the Acquiring Fund will advise the Target Fund of all known liabilities, contingent or otherwise, whether or not incurred in the ordinary course of business, existing or accrued as of such time, except to the extent disclosed in the Acquiring Fund Closing Financial Statements or to the extent already known by the Target Fund.

(k) No consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or government authority is required for the consummation by the Acquiring Fund of the Reorganization, except such as may be required under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”) and the 1940 Act or state securities laws (which term as used herein shall include the laws of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, each of which will have been obtained on or prior to the Closing Date.

(l) The registration statement filed by the Acquiring Fund on Form N-14, which includes the proxy statement for the common shareholders of the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund with respect to the transactions contemplated herein (the “Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus”), and any supplement or amendment thereto or to the documents included or incorporated by reference therein (collectively, as so amended or supplemented, the “N-14 Registration Statement”), on its effective date, at the time of the shareholder meeting called to vote on this Agreement and on the Closing Date, insofar as it relates to the Acquiring Fund, (i) complied or will comply in all material respects with the provisions of the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and (ii) did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, not misleading; and the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus included therein did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties in this subsection

 

A-2


only shall apply to statements in or omissions from the N-14 Registration Statement made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished by the Acquiring Fund for use in the N-14 Registration Statement.

(m) The proxy statement for the holders of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares (“Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders”) and holders of the Target Fund VRDP Shares (as defined in section 2(o) herein) (the “Target Fund VRDP Holders”) with respect to the transactions contemplated herein, and any supplement or amendment thereto (the “Preferred Shares Proxy Statement”) or to the documents included or incorporated by reference therein, at the time of the shareholder meeting called to vote on this Agreement and on the Closing Date, insofar as it relates to the Acquiring Fund, (i) complied or will comply in all material respects with the provisions of the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and (ii) did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties in this subsection only shall apply to statements in or omissions from the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished by the Acquiring Fund for use in the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement.

(n) The Acquiring Fund has filed, or intends to file, or has obtained extensions to file, all federal, state and local tax returns which are required to be filed by it, and has paid or has obtained extensions to pay, all federal, state and local taxes shown on said returns to be due and owing and all assessments received by it, up to and including the taxable year in which the Closing Date occurs. All tax liabilities of the Acquiring Fund have been adequately provided for on its books, and no tax deficiency or liability of the Acquiring Fund has been asserted and no question with respect thereto has been raised by the Internal Revenue Service or by any state or local tax authority for taxes in excess of those already paid, up to and including the taxable year in which the Closing Date occurs.

(o) The Acquiring Fund is authorized to issue 199,981,458 shares of common stock, par value $0.10 per share (the “Acquiring Fund Common Shares”), 12,800 shares of preferred stock of Auction Market Preferred Stock, par value $0.10, classified into six separate series (Series TH28, Series M76, Series T7, Series W7, Series TH7 and Series F7), consisting of 1,500, 2,000, 2,700, 2,000, 2,700 and 2,000 shares respectively, and each with a liquidation preference $25,000 per share plus an amount equal to accumulated but unpaid dividends (whether not earned or declared) thereon, 2,871 shares of preferred stock of Series W-7 VMTP Shares, par value $0.10 per share and liquidation preference $100,000 per share (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares”), and 2,871 shares of preferred stock of Series W-7 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares, par value $0.10 per share and liquidation preference $100,000 per share (the “Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares” and together with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares and the Acquiring Fund Common Shares, the “Acquiring Fund Shares”). Each outstanding Acquiring Fund Share is fully paid and nonassessable, and has the voting rights provided by the Acquiring Fund’s charter, By-laws and applicable law.

(p) The books and records of the Acquiring Fund made available to the Target Fund and/or its counsel are substantially true and correct and contain no material misstatements or omissions with respect to the operations of the Acquiring Fund.

(q) The Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued to the Target Fund Shareholders pursuant to this Agreement will have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered pursuant to this Agreement, will be legally and validly issued and will be fully paid and nonassessable and will have full voting rights, except as provided by the Acquiring Fund’s charter or applicable law, and no holder of Acquiring Fund Common Shares or Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will have any preemptive right of subscription or purchase in respect thereof.

(r) At or prior to the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund Common Shares to be transferred to the Target Fund for distribution to the Target Fund Shareholders on the Closing Date will be duly qualified for offering to the public in all states of the United States in which the sale of shares of the Funds presently are qualified,

 

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and there will be a sufficient number of such Acquiring Fund Common Shares registered under the 1933 Act and, as may be necessary, with each pertinent state securities commission to permit the transfers contemplated by this Agreement to be consummated.

(s) At or prior to the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund will have obtained any and all regulatory, board and shareholder approvals necessary to issue the Acquiring Fund Shares to the Target Fund Shareholders.

(t) The Acquiring Fund has elected to qualify and has qualified as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) within the meaning of Section 851 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for each of its taxable years since its inception, and the Acquiring Fund has satisfied the distribution requirements imposed by Section 852 of the Code to maintain RIC status for each of its taxable years.

2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE TARGET FUND.

The Target Fund represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the Acquiring Fund that:

(a) The Target Fund is a business trust duly formed, validly existing and in good standing in conformity with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and has the power to own all of its assets and to carry out this Agreement. The Target Fund has all necessary federal, state and local authorizations to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and to carry out this Agreement.

(b) The Target Fund is duly registered under the 1940 Act as a diversified, closed-end management investment company, and such registration has not been revoked or rescinded and is in full force and effect.

(c) The Target Fund has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement subject, in the case of consummation of the Reorganization, to the approval and adoption of this Agreement by the Target Fund Shareholders as described in Section 8(a) hereof. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action of the Target Fund’s Board of Trustees and this Agreement constitutes a valid and binding contract of the Target Fund enforceable against the Target Fund in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance and similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and court decisions with respect thereto.

(d) The Target Fund has provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Acquiring Fund the most recent audited annual financial statements of the Target Fund which have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP consistently applied and have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, and such statements fairly present the financial condition and the results of operations of the Target Fund as of the respective dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in net assets for the periods indicated, and there are no liabilities of the Target Fund whether actual or contingent and whether or not determined or determinable as of such date that are required to be disclosed but are not disclosed in such statements.

(e) An unaudited statement of assets, capital and liabilities of the Target Fund and an unaudited schedule of investments of the Target Fund, each as of the Valuation Time (together, the “Target Fund Closing Financial Statements”), will be provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Acquiring Fund at or prior to the Closing Date, for the purpose of determining the number of Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued to the Target Fund Shareholders pursuant to Section 3 of this Agreement; the Target Fund Closing Financial Statements will fairly present the financial position of the Target Fund as of the Valuation Time in conformity with US GAAP consistently applied.

(f) There are no material legal, administrative or other proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Target Fund, threatened against it which assert liability on the part of the Target Fund or which materially affect its financial condition or its ability to consummate the Reorganization other than as have been disclosed to the Acquiring Fund. The Target Fund is not charged with or, to the best of its knowledge, threatened with any violation or investigation of any possible violation of any provisions of any federal, state or local law or regulation or administrative ruling relating to any aspect of its business.

 

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(g) There are no material contracts outstanding to which the Target Fund is a party that have not been disclosed in the N-14 Registration Statement or will not otherwise be disclosed to the Acquiring Fund prior to the Valuation Time.

(h) The Target Fund is not obligated under any provision of its Declaration of Trust or By-laws, each as amended to the date hereof, or a party to any contract or other commitment or obligation, and is not subject to any order or decree, which would be violated by its execution of or performance under this Agreement, except insofar as the Funds have mutually agreed to amend such contract or other commitment or obligation to cure any potential violation as a condition precedent to the Reorganization.

(i) The Target Fund has no known liabilities of a material amount, contingent or otherwise, other than those shown on the Target Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, those incurred since the date thereof in the ordinary course of its business as an investment company and those incurred in connection with the Reorganization. As of the Valuation Time, the Target Fund will advise the Acquiring Fund of all known liabilities, contingent or otherwise, whether or not incurred in the ordinary course of business, existing or accrued as of such time, except to the extent disclosed in the Target Fund Closing Financial Statements or to the extent already known by the Acquiring Fund.

(j) At both the Valuation Time and the Closing Date, the Target Fund will have full right, power and authority to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Target Fund Investments. As used in this Agreement, the term “Target Fund Investments” shall mean (i) the investments of the Target Fund shown on the schedule of its investments as of the Valuation Time furnished to the Acquiring Fund; and (ii) all other assets owned by the Target Fund as of the Valuation Time, other than cash held in liability reserves, including, without limitation, in amounts necessary to pay taxes and expenses as provided in Section 6(a)(ii) and Section 6(c)(iv) of this Agreement, respectively, and distributions, if any, as provided in Section 3(c) and Section 9(l) of this Agreement. At the Closing Date, subject only to the obligation to deliver the Target Fund Investments as contemplated by this Agreement, the Target Fund will have good and marketable title to all of the Target Fund Investments, and the Acquiring Fund will acquire all of the Target Fund Investments free and clear of any encumbrances, liens or security interests and without any restrictions upon the transfer thereof (except those imposed by the federal or state securities laws and those imperfections of title or encumbrances as do not materially detract from the value or use of the Target Fund Investments or materially affect title thereto).

(k) No consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or governmental authority is required for the consummation by the Target Fund of the Reorganization, except such as may be required under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act or state securities laws (which term as used herein shall include the laws of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, each of which will have been obtained on or prior to the Closing Date.

(l) The N-14 Registration Statement, on its effective date, at the time of the Target Fund Shareholders meeting called to vote on this Agreement and on the Closing Date, insofar as it relates to the Target Fund (i) complied or will comply in all material respects with the provisions of the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and (ii) did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus included therein did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties in this subsection shall apply only to statements in or omissions from the N-14 Registration Statement made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished by the Target Fund for use in the N-14 Registration Statement.

(m) The Preferred Shares Proxy Statement for the Target Fund VRDP Holders with respect to the transactions contemplated herein, and any supplement or amendment thereto or to the documents included or incorporated by reference therein, at the time of the shareholder meeting called to vote on this Agreement and on the Closing Date, insofar as it relates to the Target Fund, (i) complied or will comply in all material

 

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respects with the provisions of the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and (ii) did not or will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties in this subsection shall apply only to statements in or omissions from the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished by the Target Fund for use in the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement.

(n) The Target Fund has filed, or intends to file, or has obtained extensions to file, all federal, state and local tax returns which are required to be filed by it, and has paid or has obtained extensions to pay, all federal, state and local taxes shown on said returns to be due and owing and all assessments received by it, up to and including the taxable year in which the Closing Date occurs. All tax liabilities of the Target Fund have been adequately provided for on its books, and no tax deficiency or liability of the Target Fund has been asserted and no question with respect thereto has been raised by the Internal Revenue Service or by any state or local tax authority for taxes in excess of those already paid, up to and including the taxable year in which the Closing Date occurs.

(o) The Target Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.10 per share (the “Target Fund Common Shares”) and 1,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.10 per share. The Target Fund’s outstanding preferred shares consists of 2,746 Series W-7 Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares liquidation preference $100,000 per share (“Target Fund VRDP Shares” and together with Target Fund Common Shares, the “Target Fund Shares”). Each outstanding Target Fund Share is duly and validly issued and is fully paid and nonassessable, and has the voting rights provided by the Target Fund’s Declaration of Trust and applicable law. The Target Fund has no outstanding preferred shares other than 2,746 Target Fund VRDP Shares; no outstanding options, warrants or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any shares of the Target Fund; and no outstanding securities convertible into shares of the Target Fund. All of the issued and outstanding Target Fund Common Shares will, at the time of the Closing, be held by the persons and in the amounts set forth in the records of the Target Fund’s transfer agent as provided in Section 7(d).

(p) All of the issued and outstanding Target Fund Shares were offered for sale and sold in conformity with all applicable federal and state securities laws.

(q) The Target Fund will not sell or otherwise dispose of any of the Acquiring Fund Shares to be received in the Reorganization, except in distribution to the Target Fund Shareholders as provided in Section 3 of this Agreement.

(r) The books and records of the Target Fund made available to the Acquiring Fund and/or its counsel are substantially true and correct and contain no material misstatements or omissions with respect to the operations of the Target Fund.

(s) The Target Fund has elected to qualify and has qualified as a RIC within the meaning of Section 851 of the Code for each of its taxable years since its inception, and the Target Fund has satisfied the distribution requirements imposed by Section 852 of the Code to maintain RIC status for each of its taxable years.

3. THE REORGANIZATION.

(a) Subject to receiving the requisite approvals of the Target Fund Shareholders and the Acquiring Fund Shareholders, the Acquiring Fund’s issuance of 2,746 Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares and the redemption by the Acquiring Fund of all outstanding Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares with the proceeds from such issuance of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares (the “Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing”) and to the other terms and conditions contained herein, and in accordance with the applicable law, the Target Fund agrees to convey, transfer and deliver to the Acquiring Fund and the Acquiring Fund agrees to acquire from the Target Fund, on the Closing Date, all of the Target Fund Investments (including interest accrued as of the

 

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Valuation Time on debt instruments held by the Target Fund), and assume substantially all of the liabilities of the Target Fund, in exchange for that number of Acquiring Fund Shares provided in Section 4 of this Agreement, provided however that if, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (c) of this Section 3 and paragraph (l) of Section 9 hereof, (i) the Target Fund determines to make any portion of the UNII Distributions (as defined in Section 3(c) herein) to the Target Fund Common Shareholders (as defined below) after the Closing Date, the Target Fund Investments to be conveyed, transferred and delivered to the Acquiring Fund hereunder will exclude the amounts required for the payment of such portion of the UNII Distributions and the liabilities to be assumed by the Acquiring Fund shall not include such undistributed amount of such UNII Distributions, or (ii) the Target Fund determines that the Acquiring Fund will pay amounts in respect of such UNII Distributions on behalf of the Target Fund to the Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to receive such UNII Distributions after the Closing Date, then the Target Fund Investments to be conveyed, transferred and delivered to the Acquiring Fund hereunder will include the amounts required for the payment of such portion of the UNII Distributions and the liabilities to be assumed by the Acquiring Fund shall include such undistributed amount of such UNII Distributions. The existence of the Acquiring Fund shall continue unaffected and unimpaired by the Reorganization and it shall be governed by the laws of Maryland.

(b) If the investment adviser determines that the portfolios of the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund, when aggregated, would contain investments exceeding certain percentage limitations imposed upon the Acquiring Fund with respect to such investments or that the disposition of certain assets is necessary to ensure that the resulting portfolio will meet the Acquiring Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions, as set forth in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, a copy of which has been delivered (including by electronic format) to the Target Fund, the Target Fund, if requested by the Acquiring Fund, will dispose of a sufficient amount of such investments as may be necessary to avoid violating such limitations as of the Closing Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein will require the Target Fund to dispose of any portion of its assets if, in the reasonable judgment of the Target Fund’s Board of Trustees or investment adviser, such disposition would create more than an insignificant risk that the Reorganization would not be treated as a “reorganization” described in Section 368(a) of the Code or would otherwise not be in the best interests of the Target Fund.

(c) Prior to the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall declare a dividend or dividends which, together with all such previous dividends, shall have the effect of distributing to holders of Target Fund Common Shares (“Target Fund Common Shareholders”) entitled to such dividends (i) all of its investment company taxable income to and including the Closing Date, if any (computed without regard to any deduction for dividends paid), (ii) all of its net capital gain, if any, recognized to and including the Closing Date and (iii) the excess of its interest income excludable from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any, over its deductions disallowed under Sections 265 and 171(a)(2) of the Code for the period to and including the Closing Date. The Target Fund may pay amounts in respect of such distributions (“UNII Distributions”) in one or more distributions to Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to receive such UNII Distributions after the Closing Date. In addition, the Acquiring Fund may pay amounts in respect of such UNII Distributions on behalf of the Target Fund to the Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to receive such UNII Distributions after the Closing Date as an agent out of cash or other short-term liquid assets maturing prior to the payment date of the UNII Distributions acquired from the Target Fund in the Reorganization, segregated for this purpose and maintained in an amount at least equal to the remaining payment obligations in respect of the UNII Distributions.

(d) Pursuant to this Agreement, as soon as practicable, and in no event more than 48 hours, exclusive of Sundays and holidays, after the Closing Date, the Target Fund will distribute all Acquiring Fund Common Shares and Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares received by it to its shareholders in exchange for their Target Fund Common Shares and Target Fund VRDP Shares, respectively. Such distributions shall be accomplished by the opening of shareholder accounts on the share ledger records of the Acquiring Fund in the names of and in the amounts due to the Target Fund Shareholders based on their respective holdings in the Target Fund as of the Valuation Time.

 

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(e) The Valuation Time shall be at the close of business of the New York Stock Exchange on the business day immediately preceding the Closing Date, or such earlier or later day and time as may be mutually agreed upon in writing by the Funds (the “Valuation Time”).

(f) The Target Fund will pay or cause to be paid to the Acquiring Fund any interest the Target Fund receives on or after the Closing Date with respect to any of the Target Fund Investments transferred to the Acquiring Fund hereunder.

(g) Recourse for liabilities assumed from the Target Fund by the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization will be limited to the net assets acquired by the Acquiring Fund. The known liabilities of the Target Fund, as of the Valuation Time, shall be confirmed to the Acquiring Fund pursuant to Section 2(i) of this Agreement.

(h) The Target Fund will be terminated as soon as practicable following the Closing Date by terminating its registration under the 1940 Act and dissolving and terminating under its Declaration of Trust and the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts applicable to business trusts and will withdraw its authority to do business in any state where it is registered.

(i) For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the parties to this Agreement intend that (i) the Reorganization qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, (ii) this Agreement constitutes a plan of reorganization within the meaning of U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.368-2(g), and (iii) the parties to this Agreement will each be a party to such reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code.

4. ISSUANCE AND VALUATION OF ACQUIRING FUND SHARES IN THE REORGANIZATION.

(a) A number of Acquiring Fund Common Shares with an aggregate net asset value equal to the value of the Target Fund Investments (including interest accrued as of the Valuation Time on debt instruments held by the Target Fund) acquired in the Reorganization determined as hereinafter provided, reduced by the amount of liabilities of the Target Fund assumed by the Acquiring Fund in the Reorganization, shall be issued by the Acquiring Fund to the Target Fund in exchange for such Target Fund Investments, which shall be determined as set forth below. The value of each Fund’s net assets shall be calculated net of the liquidation preference (including accumulated and unpaid dividends) of all outstanding preferred shares of such Fund.

(b) A number of Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares equal to the number of Target Fund VRDP Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Closing Date, with the terms described in the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement, shall be issued by the Acquiring Fund to the Target Fund. No fractional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares will be issued. The value of each Acquiring Fund VRDP Share issued to the Target Fund in exchange for a Target Fund VRDP Share will be the liquidation preference of $100,000 plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends that have accrued on such Target Fund VRDP Share up to and including the day immediately preceding the Closing Date. The Target Fund may pay any such accumulated and unpaid dividends prior to the Closing Date.

(c) The net asset value of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund, the values of their assets, the amounts of their liabilities, and the liquidation preference (including accumulated and unpaid dividends) of the Target Fund VRDP Shares and the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares shall be determined as of the Valuation Time in accordance with the regular procedures of the Acquiring Fund or such other valuation procedures as shall be mutually agreed by the parties, and no adjustment will be made to the net asset value or liquidation preference so determined of any Fund to take into account differences in realized and unrealized gains and losses.

Such valuation and determination shall be made by the Acquiring Fund in cooperation with the Target Fund and shall be confirmed by the Acquiring Fund to the Target Fund. The net asset value per share of the Acquiring Fund Common Shares and the liquidation preference (including accumulated and unpaid dividends) per share of the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares shall be determined in accordance with such procedures.

 

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For purposes of determining the net asset value per share of Target Fund Common Shares and the Acquiring Fund Common Shares, the value of the securities held by the applicable Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses) and the aggregate liquidation value of the outstanding Target Fund VRDP Shares or Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, as the case may be, shall be divided by the total number of Target Fund Common Shares or Acquiring Fund Common Shares, as the case may be, outstanding at such time.

(d) The Acquiring Fund shall issue to each Target Fund Common Shareholder book-entry interests for the Acquiring Fund Common Shares registered in the name of such Target Fund Common Shareholder on the basis of each such holder’s proportionate interest in the aggregate net asset value of the Target Fund Common Shares.

(e) The Acquiring Fund shall issue to each Target Fund VRDP Holder book-entry interests for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares registered in the name of such Target Fund VRDP Holder on a one-for-one basis for each holder’s holdings of the Target Fund VRDP Shares. The Target Fund VRDP Holders shall not receive, or be entitled to, any payment or other consideration in connection with or as a result of the Reorganization other than as provided in this Agreement. In connection with such issuance, the Acquiring Fund shall prepare and file the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares’ Articles Supplementary Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (the “Articles Supplementary”), Notice of Special Rate Period, share certificates representing such Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, and such other agreements, instruments or documents relating to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, in each case as of the Closing Date and only to the extent necessary or applicable to such agreement, instrument or document, to reflect the authorization and issuance of additional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares in connection with the Reorganization.

(f) No fractional shares of Acquiring Fund Common Shares will be issued to holders of Target Fund Common Shares unless such shares are held in a Dividend Reinvestment Plan account. In lieu thereof, the Acquiring Fund’s transfer agent will aggregate all fractional Acquiring Fund Common Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization (other than those issued to a Dividend Reinvestment Plan account) and sell the resulting full shares on the New York Stock Exchange at the current market price for Acquiring Fund Common Shares for the account of all holders of such fractional interests, and each such holder will receive such holder’s pro rata share of the proceeds of such sale upon issuance of book-entry interests representing Acquiring Fund Common Shares.

5. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES.

(a) The Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund will bear expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization, including but not limited to, costs related to the preparation and distribution of materials distributed to each Fund’s Board of Trustees or Board of Directors, as applicable (the “Board”), expenses incurred in connection with the preparation of this Agreement, the preparation and filing of any documents required by such Fund’s state of organization, the preparation and filing of the N-14 Registration Statement and the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the printing and distribution of the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement and any other materials required to be distributed to shareholders, the SEC, state securities commission and secretary of state filing fees and legal and audit fees in connection with the Reorganization, fees incurred in obtaining the requisite consents of rating agencies, counterparties or service providers to the preferred shares, legal fees incurred in connection with amending the transaction documents for the preferred shares, which may include the legal fees of counterparties and service providers to the extent applicable, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing, legal fees incurred preparing each Fund’s board materials, attending each Fund’s board meetings and preparing the minutes, rating agency fees associated with the ratings of the preferred shares in connection with the Reorganization, audit fees associated with each Fund’s financial statements, stock exchange fees, transfer agency fees, rating agency fees, portfolio transfer taxes (if any) and any similar expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization, which will be borne directly by the respective Fund incurring the expense or allocated

 

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among the Funds based upon any reasonable methodology approved by the Boards of the Funds, provided, that the Acquiring Fund’s investment adviser shall bear all or any portion of the reorganization expenses of each Fund as set forth in the N-14 Registration Statement. Neither the Funds nor the investment adviser will pay any expenses of shareholders arising out of or in connection with the Reorganization.

(b) If for any reason the Reorganization is not consummated, no party shall be liable to any other party for any damages resulting therefrom, including, without limitation, consequential damages, and each Fund shall be responsible, on a proportionate total assets basis, for all expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization.

6. COVENANTS OF THE FUNDS.

(a) COVENANTS OF EACH FUND.

(i) Each Fund covenants to operate its business as presently conducted between the date hereof and the Closing Date, except to the extent that the Target Fund is required or permitted to dispose of assets prior to the Closing Date pursuant to Section 3(b) of this Agreement.

(ii) Each of the Funds agrees that by the Closing Date all of its U.S. federal and other tax returns and reports required to be filed on or before such date shall have been filed and all taxes shown as due on said returns either have been paid or adequate liability reserves have been provided for the payment of such taxes.

(iii) The intention of the parties is that the transaction contemplated by this Agreement will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Neither the Acquiring Fund nor the Target Fund shall take any action or cause any action to be taken (including, without limitation, the filing of any tax return) that is inconsistent with such treatment or results in the failure of the transaction to qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. At or prior to the Closing Date, the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund will take such action, or cause such action to be taken, as is reasonably necessary to enable Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP (“Willkie”), counsel to the Funds, to render the tax opinion required herein (including, without limitation, each party’s execution of representations reasonably requested by and addressed to Willkie).

(iv) In connection with this covenant, the Funds agree to cooperate with each other in filing any tax return, amended return or claim for refund, determining a liability for taxes or a right to a refund of taxes or participating in or conducting any audit or other proceeding in respect of taxes. The Acquiring Fund agrees to retain for a period of ten (10) years following the Closing Date all returns, schedules and work papers and all material records or other documents relating to tax matters of the Target Fund for each of such Fund’s taxable periods ending on or before the Closing Date.

(v) The Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be transferred to the Target Fund for distribution to the Target Fund VRDP Holders on the Closing Date shall only be distributed to the Target Fund VRDP Holders in accordance with an available exemption from registration under the 1933 Act, in a manner not involving any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act.

(vi) Each Fund shall use reasonable efforts to obtain all requisite consents and approvals necessary to consummate the Reorganization.

(b) COVENANTS OF THE ACQUIRING FUND.

(i) The Acquiring Fund will file the N-14 Registration Statement and the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement with the SEC and will use its best efforts to provide that the N-14 Registration Statement becomes effective as promptly as practicable. Each Fund agrees to cooperate fully with the other, and each will furnish to the other the information relating to itself to be set forth in the N-14 Registration Statement and the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement as required by the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act and the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder and the state securities laws.

 

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(ii) The Acquiring Fund has no plan or intention to sell or otherwise dispose of the Target Fund Investments following the consummation of the Reorganization, except for dispositions made in the ordinary course of business.

(iii) Following the consummation of the Reorganization, the Acquiring Fund will continue its business as a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act.

(iv) The Acquiring Fund shall use reasonable efforts to cause the Acquiring Fund Common Shares to be issued in the Reorganization to be approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange prior to the Closing Date.

(v) The Acquiring Fund agrees to mail to its shareholders of record entitled to vote at the special meeting of shareholders at which action is to be considered regarding this Agreement, in sufficient time to comply with requirements as to notice thereof, the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus (but only to the Acquiring Fund Common Shareholders) and the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement (but only to the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders), each of which complies in all material respects with the applicable provisions of Section 14(a) of the 1934 Act and Section 20(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations, respectively, thereunder.

(vi) The Acquiring Fund shall use reasonable efforts to cause the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares to be issued in connection with the Reorganization to be rated no lower than the rating assigned to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares immediately prior to the Closing Date by the rating agencies then rating the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares.

(vii) The Acquiring Fund shall use reasonable efforts to amend or enter into the following documents to reflect the authorization and issuance of additional Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares in connection with the Reorganization: (1) the Articles Supplementary; (2) the Notice of Special Rate Period for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; (3) share certificates representing Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; (4) the VRDP Shares Fee Agreement for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; (5) the VRDP Shares Purchase Agreement for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; (6) the VRDP Shares Remarketing Agreement for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; (7) the Tender and Paying Agent Agreement for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares; and (8) such other agreements, instruments or documents relating to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, in each case by the Closing Date and only to the extent necessary or applicable to such agreement, instrument or document.

(viii) Upon the approval of this Agreement by the requisite shareholders of the Funds, the Acquiring Fund agrees to use reasonable efforts to consummate the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing prior to the Closing Date.

(c) COVENANTS OF THE TARGET FUND.

(i) The Target Fund agrees that following the consummation of the Reorganization, following the payment of any portion of the UNII Distribution to be paid to Target Fund Common Shareholders by the Target Fund in accordance with Sections 3(c) and 9(l) hereof following the Closing, it will dissolve in accordance with its Declaration of Trust, Massachusetts law and any other applicable law, it will not make any distributions of any Acquiring Fund Common Shares other than to its shareholders and without first paying or adequately providing for the payment of all of its respective liabilities not assumed by the Acquiring Fund, and on and after the Closing Date it shall not conduct any business except in connection with its termination.

(ii) The Target Fund undertakes that if the Reorganization is consummated, it will file an application pursuant to Section 8(f) of the 1940 Act for an order declaring that the Target Fund has ceased to be a registered investment company.

(iii) The Target Fund shall mail to its shareholders of record entitled to vote at the special meeting of shareholders at which action is to be considered regarding this Agreement, in sufficient time to

 

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comply with requirements as to notice thereof, the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus (but only to the Target Fund Common Shareholders) and the Preferred Shares Proxy Statement (but only to the Target Fund VRDP Holders), each of which complies in all material respects with the applicable provisions of Section 14(a) of the 1934 Act and Section 20(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations, respectively, thereunder.

(iv) After the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall prepare, or cause its agents to prepare, any U.S. federal, state or local tax returns required to be filed by such Target Fund with respect to its final taxable year ending with its complete liquidation and dissolution and for any prior periods or taxable years and further shall cause such tax returns to be duly filed with the appropriate taxing authorities. Notwithstanding the aforementioned provisions of this subsection, any expenses incurred by the Target Fund (other than for payment of taxes) in connection with the preparation and filing of said tax returns after the Closing Date shall be borne by such Target Fund to the extent such expenses have been accrued by such Target Fund in the ordinary course without regard to the Reorganization; any excess expenses shall be paid from a liability reserve established to provide for the payment of such expenses.

(v) Upon the request of the Acquiring Fund, the Target Fund shall use reasonable efforts to perform the following actions by the Closing Date or such later time as may be agreed to by the Acquiring Fund: (a) terminate the VRDP Shares Fee Agreement, the VRDP Shares Purchase Agreement, the VRDP Remarketing Agreement and the Tender and Paying Agent Agreement and such other agreements, instruments or documents related to the Target Fund VRDP Shares, (b) withdraw the ratings assigned to the Target Fund VRDP Shares, (c) cancel the share certificates representing Target Fund VRDP Shares, and (d) withdraw or deregister the Target Fund VRDP Shares from The Depository Trust Company.

7. CLOSING DATE.

(a) The closing of the Reorganization (the “Closing”) shall occur prior to the opening of the NYSE at the offices of Willkie, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, or at such other time or location as may be mutually agreed to by the Funds, on the next full business day following the Valuation Time to occur after the satisfaction or waiver of all of the conditions set forth in Sections 8 and 9 of this Agreement (other than the conditions that relate to actions to be taken, or documents to be delivered at the Closing, it being understood that the occurrence of the Closing shall remain subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at Closing), or at such other time and date as may be mutually agreed to by the Funds (such date, the “Closing Date”).

(b) On the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall deliver the Target Fund Investments to the Acquiring Fund, and the Acquiring Fund shall issue the Acquiring Fund Shares as provided in this Agreement. To the extent that any Target Fund Investments, for any reason, are not transferable on the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall cause such Target Fund Investments to be transferred to the Acquiring Fund’s account with its custodian at the earliest practicable date thereafter.

(c) The Target Fund will deliver to the Acquiring Fund on the Closing Date confirmation or other adequate evidence as to the tax basis of the Target Fund Investments delivered to the Acquiring Fund hereunder.

(d) On the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall deliver or make available to (including by electronic format) the Acquiring Fund a list of the names and addresses of all of the Target Fund Common Shareholders of record immediately prior to the Closing Date and the number of Target Fund Common Shares owned by each such Target Fund Common Shareholder, certified to the best of its knowledge and belief by the transfer agent for the Target Fund Common Shares or by the Target Fund’s Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, or Secretary or any Assistant Secretary.

 

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8. CONDITIONS OF THE TARGET FUND.

The obligations of the Target Fund hereunder shall be subject to the following conditions:

(a) That this Agreement shall have been approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of the Target Fund and by the affirmative vote of the Target Fund Common Shareholders and the Target Fund VRDP Holders, voting as a single class, representing a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on this Agreement, and by the affirmative vote of the Target Fund VRDP Holders, voting as a separate class, representing a 1940 Act Majority (as defined below) of the outstanding VRDP Shares entitled to vote on this Agreement. A “1940 Act Majority” means the affirmative vote of either (i) 67% or more of the class or classes of Target Fund Shares entitled to vote on such proposal present at the Target Fund’s shareholder meeting where this Agreement shall be approved, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding class or classes of Target Fund Shares entitled to vote on such proposal are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding class or classes of Target Fund Shares entitled to vote on such proposal, whichever is less.

(b) That the Acquiring Fund shall have delivered (including in electronic format) to the Target Fund (i) a copy of the resolutions approving this Agreement and the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund Shares in connection with the Reorganization adopted by the Board of the Acquiring Fund, (ii) a certificate setting forth the vote of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders, voting as a separate class, approving this Agreement, and the vote of the Acquiring Fund Common Shareholders and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders, voting as a single class, approving the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares in connection with the Reorganization, and (iii) a certificate certifying that the Acquiring Fund has received all requisite consents and approvals necessary to consummate the Reorganization, each certified by the Acquiring Fund’s Secretary or any Assistant Secretary.

(c) That the Acquiring Fund shall have provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Target Fund the Acquiring Fund Closing Financial Statements, together with a schedule of the Acquiring Fund’s investments, all as of the Valuation Time, certified on the Acquiring Fund’s behalf by its Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, and a certificate signed by the Acquiring Fund’s Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying that as of the Valuation Time and as of the Closing Date there has been no material adverse change in the financial position of the Acquiring Fund since the date of the Acquiring Fund’s most recent Annual or Semi-Annual Report, as applicable, other than changes in its portfolio securities since that date or changes in the market value of its portfolio securities.

(d) That the Acquiring Fund shall have furnished to the Target Fund a certificate signed by the Acquiring Fund’s Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying that, as of the Valuation Time and as of the Closing Date, all representations and warranties of the Acquiring Fund made in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects with the same effect as if made at and as of such dates, and that the Acquiring Fund has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to each of such dates.

(e) That there shall not be any material litigation pending with respect to the matters contemplated by this Agreement.

(f) That the Target Fund shall have received the opinion of Miles & Stockbridge P.C., special Maryland counsel to the Acquiring Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Target Fund, that substantively provides the following:

(i) The Acquiring Fund is validly existing as a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland and in good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland and has the corporate power to conduct its business as described in the definitive Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the 1933 Act.

 

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(ii) The Acquiring Fund has the corporate power and authority to execute and deliver the Agreement and to perform all of its obligations under the Agreement under the applicable laws of the State of Maryland. The execution and delivery of the Agreement and the consummation by the Acquiring Fund of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Acquiring Fund under the laws of the State of Maryland and the Acquiring Fund’s charter.

(iii) The execution and delivery by the Acquiring Fund of this Agreement did not, and the performance of the Acquiring Fund’s obligations under the Agreement will not violate, the Acquiring Fund’s charter or By-laws.

(iv) Neither the execution, delivery or performance by the Acquiring Fund of the Agreement nor the compliance by the Acquiring Fund with the terms and provisions thereof will violate any provision of law of the State of Maryland applicable to the Acquiring Fund.

(v) Assuming that the Acquiring Fund Shares will be issued and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued and delivered to the Target Fund Shareholders as provided by this Agreement are duly authorized and upon such delivery will be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable, and no shareholder of the Acquiring Fund has, as such holder, any preemptive rights to acquire, purchase or subscribe for any securities of the Acquiring Fund under the Acquiring Fund’s charter, By-laws or the Maryland General Corporation Law.

(g) That the Target Fund shall have received the opinion of Willkie, counsel to the Acquiring Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Target Fund, that substantively provides the following:

(i) The Acquiring Fund is registered with the SEC as a closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act.

(ii) To the best of such counsel’s knowledge, no governmental approval, which has not been obtained and is not in full force and effect, is required to authorize, or is required in connection with, the execution or delivery of the Agreement by the Acquiring Fund, or the enforceability of the Agreement against the Acquiring Fund.

(iii) Neither the execution, delivery or performance by the Acquiring Fund of the Agreement nor the compliance by the Acquiring Fund with the terms and provisions thereof will contravene any provision of applicable federal securities law of the United States of America.

(h) That the Target Fund shall have obtained an opinion from counsel for the Acquiring Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Target Fund, that the consummation of the transactions set forth in this Agreement complies with the requirements of a reorganization as described in Section 368(a) of the Code.

(i) That all proceedings taken by the Acquiring Fund and its counsel in connection with the Reorganization and all documents incidental thereto shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Target Fund.

(j) That the N-14 Registration Statement shall have become effective under the 1933 Act, and no stop order suspending such effectiveness shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Acquiring Fund, be contemplated by the SEC.

(k) That the liquidity provider for the Target Fund VRDP Shares shall have consented to this Agreement.

(l) That the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing shall have been consummated prior to the Closing Date.

 

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9. CONDITIONS OF THE ACQUIRING FUND.

The obligations of the Acquiring Fund hereunder shall be subject to the following conditions:

(a) That this Agreement shall have been approved by the Board of the Acquiring Fund and by the affirmative vote of the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders, voting as a separate class, representing a 1940 Act Majority of the outstanding VMTP Shares entitled to vote on this Agreement.

(b) That the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund Common Shares in connection with the Reorganization shall have been approved by the Board of the Acquiring Fund and by the affirmative vote of the Acquiring Fund Common Shareholders and the Acquiring Fund VMTP Holders, voting as a single class, of a majority of shares present or represented by proxy.

(c) The Target Fund shall have delivered (including in electronic format) to the Acquiring Fund (i) a copy of the resolutions approving this Agreement adopted by the Board of the Target Fund, (ii) a certificate setting forth the vote of the Target Fund Common Shareholders and the Target Fund VRDP Holders, voting as a single class, approving this Agreement, and the vote of the Target Fund VRDP Holders, voting as a separate class, approving this Agreement, and (iii) a certificate certifying that the Target Fund has received all requisite consents and approvals necessary to consummate the Reorganization, each certified by the Target Fund’s Secretary or any Assistant Secretary.

(d) That the Target Fund shall have provided or made available (including by electronic format) to the Acquiring Fund the Target Fund Closing Financial Statements, together with a schedule of the Target Fund’s investments with their respective dates of acquisition and tax costs, all as of the Valuation Time, certified on the Target Fund’s behalf by its Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, and a certificate signed the Target Fund’s Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying that as of the Valuation Time and as of the Closing Date there has been no material adverse change in the financial position of the Target Fund since the date of the Target Fund’s most recent Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report, as applicable, other than changes in the Target Fund Investments since that date or changes in the market value of the Target Fund Investments.

(e) That the Target Fund shall have furnished to the Acquiring Fund a certificate signed by the Target Fund’s Chief Executive Officer, President, any Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying that as of the Valuation Time and as of the Closing Date all representations and warranties of the Target Fund made in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects with the same effect as if made at and as of such dates and the Target Fund has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such dates.

(f) That there shall not be any material litigation pending with respect to the matters contemplated by this Agreement.

(g) That the Acquiring Fund shall have received the opinion of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, special Massachusetts counsel to the Target Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Acquiring Fund, that substantively provides the following:

(i) The Target Fund is validly existing as a voluntary association with transferable shares commonly referred to a Massachusetts business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and is in good standing with the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(ii) The Target Fund has the power and authority under its Declaration of Trust and the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts applicable to business trusts to execute and deliver the Agreement and perform all of its obligations under the Agreement. The execution and delivery of the Agreement and the consummation by the Target Fund of the transactions contemplated thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Target Fund under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts applicable to business trusts and the Target Fund’s Declaration of Trust.

 

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(iii) The Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Target Fund.

(iv) The execution and delivery by the Target Fund of the Agreement did not, and the performance of the Target Fund’s obligations under the Agreement, will not violate the Declaration of Trust or the By-laws of the Target Fund.

(v) Neither the execution, delivery or performance by the Target Fund of the Agreement nor the compliance by the Target Fund with the terms and provisions thereof will violate any provision of any applicable law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts applicable to business trusts.

(h) That the Target Fund shall have received the opinion of Willkie, counsel to the Acquiring Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Target Fund, that substantively provides the following:

(i) The Target Fund is registered with the SEC as a closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act.

(ii) To the best of such counsel’s knowledge, no governmental approval, which has not been obtained and is not in full force and effect, is required to authorize, or is required in connection with, the execution or delivery of the Agreement by the Target Fund, or the enforceability of the Agreement against the Target Fund.

(iii) Neither the execution, delivery or performance by the Target Fund of the Agreement nor the compliance by the Target Fund with the terms and provisions thereof will contravene any provision of applicable federal securities law of the United States of America.

(i) That the Acquiring Fund shall have obtained an opinion from counsel for the Target Fund, dated as of the Closing Date, addressed to the Acquiring Fund, that the consummation of the transactions set forth in this Agreement complies with the requirements of a reorganization as described in Section 368(a) of the Code.

(j) That all proceedings taken by the Target Fund and its counsel in connection with the Reorganization and all documents incidental thereto shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Acquiring Fund.

(k) That the N-14 Registration Statement shall have become effective under the 1933 Act and no stop order suspending such effectiveness shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Target Fund, be contemplated by the SEC.

(l) That prior to the Closing Date, the Target Fund shall have declared a dividend or dividends which, together with all such previous dividends, shall have the effect of distributing to the Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to such dividends (i) all of its investment company taxable income to and including the Closing Date, if any (computed without regard to any deduction for dividends paid), (ii) all of its net capital gain, if any, recognized to and including the Closing Date and (iii) the excess of its interest income excludable from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code, if any, over its deductions disallowed under Sections 265 and 171(a)(2) of the Code for the period to and including the Closing Date. The Target Fund may pay amounts in respect of such UNII Distributions in one or more distributions to Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to receive such UNII Distributions after the Closing Date. In addition, the Acquiring Fund may pay amounts in respect of such UNII Distributions on behalf of the Target Fund to the Target Fund Common Shareholders entitled to receive such UNII Distributions after the Closing Date as an agent of the Target Fund out of cash or other short-term liquid assets maturing prior to the payment date of the UNII Distributions acquired from the Target Fund in the Reorganization, segregated for this purpose and maintained in an amount at least equal to the remaining payment obligations in respect of the UNII Distributions.

(m) That the liquidity provider, remarketing agent, tender and paying agent and the rating agencies for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares shall have consented to the Articles Supplementary, the Notice of Special Rate Period for the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares, share certificates representing Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares and such other agreements, instruments or documents relating to the Acquiring Fund VRDP Shares

 

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that are necessary to reflect the issuance of additional Acquiring Fund VMTP Shares in connection with the Reorganization, but only to the extent such consent is required under the Related Documents (as defined in the Articles Supplementary).

(n) That the Acquiring Fund VMTP Refinancing shall have been consummated prior to the Closing Date.

10. TERMINATION, POSTPONEMENT AND WAIVERS.

(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, this Agreement may be terminated and the Reorganization abandoned at any time (whether before or after adoption thereof by the shareholders of the Target Fund and the Acquiring Fund) prior to the Closing Date, or the Closing Date may be postponed, (i) by mutual consent of the Boards of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund; (ii) by the Board of the Target Fund if any condition of the Target Fund’s obligations set forth in Section 8 of this Agreement has not been fulfilled or waived by such Board; and (iii) by the Board of the Acquiring Fund if any condition of the Acquiring Fund’s obligations set forth in Section 9 of this Agreement has not been fulfilled or waived by such Board.

(b) If the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have not been consummated by [●], this Agreement automatically shall terminate on that date, unless a later date is mutually agreed to by the Boards of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund.

(c) In the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to the provisions hereof, the same shall become void and have no further effect, and there shall not be any liability on the part of any Fund or its respective directors, trustees, officers, agents or shareholders in respect of this Agreement other than with respect to Section 11 and payment by each Fund of its respective expenses incurred in connection with the Reorganization.

(d) At any time prior to the Closing Date, any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement may be waived by the Board of the Acquiring Fund or the Target Fund (whichever is entitled to the benefit thereof), if, in the judgment of such Board after consultation with its counsel, such action or waiver will not have a material adverse effect on the benefits intended under this Agreement to the shareholders of their respective Fund, on behalf of which such action is taken.

(e) The respective representations and warranties contained in Sections 1 and 2 of this Agreement shall expire with, and be terminated by, the consummation of the Reorganization, and neither the Funds, nor any of their respective officers, directors, trustees, agents or shareholders shall have any liability with respect to such representations or warranties after the Closing Date. This provision shall not protect any officer, director, trustee, agent or shareholder of either of the Funds against any liability to the entity for which that officer, director, trustee, agent or shareholder so acts or to its shareholders, to which that officer, director, trustee, agent or shareholder otherwise would be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of his or her duties in the conduct of such office.

(f) If any order or orders of the SEC with respect to this Agreement shall be issued prior to the Closing Date and shall impose any terms or conditions which are determined by action of the Boards of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund to be acceptable, such terms and conditions shall be binding as if a part of this Agreement without further vote or approval of the Target Fund Shareholders and the Acquiring Fund Shareholders unless such terms and conditions shall result in a change in the method of computing the number of Acquiring Fund Shares to be issued to the Target Fund Shareholders, in which event, unless such terms and conditions shall have been included in the proxy solicitation materials furnished to the Target Fund Shareholders prior to the meeting at which the Reorganization shall have been approved, this Agreement shall not be consummated and shall terminate unless the Target Fund promptly shall call a special meeting of the Target Fund Shareholders at which such conditions so imposed shall be submitted for approval.

 

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11. INDEMNIFICATION.

(a) Each party (an “Indemnitor”) shall indemnify and hold the other and its officers, directors, trustees, agents and persons controlled by or controlling any of them (each an “Indemnified Party”) harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, claims, demands, judgments, settlements, deficiencies, taxes, assessments, charges, costs and expenses of any nature whatsoever (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with the defense or disposition of any claim, action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which such Indemnified Party may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Indemnified Party may be or may have been threatened (collectively, the “Losses”) arising out of or related to any claim of a breach of any representation, warranty or covenant made herein by the Indemnitor; provided, however, that no Indemnified Party shall be indemnified hereunder against any Losses arising directly from such Indemnified Party’s (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Indemnified Party’s position.

(b) The Indemnified Party shall use its best efforts to minimize any liabilities, damages, deficiencies, claims, judgments, assessments, costs and expenses in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder. The Indemnified Party shall give written notice to Indemnitor within the earlier of ten (10) days of receipt of written notice to the Indemnified Party or thirty (30) days from discovery by the Indemnified Party of any matters which may give rise to a claim for indemnification or reimbursement under this Agreement. The failure to give such notice shall not affect the right of the Indemnified Party to indemnity hereunder unless such failure has materially and adversely affected the rights of the Indemnitor. At any time after ten (10) days from the giving of such notice, the Indemnified Party may, at its option, resist, settle or otherwise compromise, or pay such claim unless it shall have received notice from the Indemnitor that the Indemnitor intends, at the Indemnitor’s sole cost and expense, to assume the defense of any such matter, in which case the Indemnified Party shall have the right, at no cost or expense to the Indemnitor, to participate in such defense. If the Indemnitor does not assume the defense of such matter, and in any event until the Indemnitor states in writing that it will assume the defense, the Indemnitor shall pay all costs of the Indemnified Party arising out of the defense until the defense is assumed; provided, however, that the Indemnified Party shall consult with the Indemnitor and obtain indemnitor’s prior written consent to any payment or settlement of any such claim. The Indemnitor shall keep the Indemnified Party fully apprised at all times as to the status of the defense. If the Indemnitor does not assume the defense, the Indemnified Party shall keep the Indemnitor apprised at all times as to the status of the defense. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the Indemnitor shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made.

12. OTHER MATTERS.

(a) All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made under this Agreement and any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to have been material and relied upon by each of the parties, notwithstanding any investigation made by them or on their behalf.

(b) All notices hereunder shall be sufficiently given for all purposes hereunder if in writing and delivered personally or sent by registered mail or certified mail, postage prepaid. Notice to the Target Fund shall be addressed to BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund c/o BlackRock Advisors, LLC, 40 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10022, Attention: Janey Ahn, Secretary of the Target Fund or at such other address as the Target Fund may designate by written notice to the Acquiring Fund. Notice to the Acquiring Fund shall be addressed to BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. c/o BlackRock Advisors, LLC, 40 East 52nd Street New York, New York 10022, Attention: Janey Ahn, Secretary of the Acquiring Fund, or at such other address and to the attention of such other person as the Acquiring Fund may designate by written notice to the Target Fund. Any notice shall be deemed to have been served or given as of the date such notice is delivered personally or mailed.

 

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(c) This Agreement supersedes all previous correspondence and oral communications between the Funds regarding the Reorganization, constitutes the only understanding with respect to the Reorganization, may not be changed except by a letter of agreement signed by each Fund and shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in said state.

(d) This Agreement may be amended or modified by the parties hereto prior to the Closing Date, by action taken or authorized by their respective Boards at any time before or after adoption of this Agreement and approval of the Reorganization by the Target Fund Shareholders or the Acquiring Fund Shareholders, but, after any such adoption and approval, no amendment or modification shall be made which by law requires further approval by shareholders without such further approval. This Agreement may not be amended or modified except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the Funds.

(e) This Agreement is not intended to confer upon any person other than the parties hereto (or their respective successors and assigns) any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities hereunder. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by statute rule, regulation, decision of a tribunal or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby and, to such extent, the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed severable provided that this Agreement shall be deemed modified to give effect to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law to the intentions of the party as reflected by this Agreement prior to the invalidity of such provision.

(f) The parties hereto are put on notice that the Declaration of Trust of the Target Fund is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and it is expressly agreed that the obligations of the Funds hereunder shall not be binding upon any of their respective directors, trustees, shareholders, nominees, officers, agents, or employees personally, but shall bind only the property of the respective Fund. The execution and delivery of this Agreement has been authorized by the Boards of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund and signed by an authorized officer of each of the Acquiring Fund and the Target Fund, acting as such, and neither such authorization by such Board nor such execution and delivery by such officer shall be deemed to have been made by any of them individually or to impose any liability on any of them personally, but shall bind only the trust property of each Fund.

(g) This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which, when executed and delivered, shall be deemed to be an original but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one instrument.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered by their duly authorized officers as of the day and year first written above.

 

BLACKROCK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND, INC.

By:                   
  Name:
  Title:
BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND
By:                   
  Name:
  Title:

 

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APPENDIX B

FUNDAMENTAL AND NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

Acquiring Fund (MUI)

The following are fundamental investment restrictions of the Acquiring Fund and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Acquiring Fund’s outstanding common shares and outstanding preferred shares, voting together as a single class, and a majority of the outstanding preferred shares, voting as a separate class (which for this purpose and under the 1940 Act means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of each class of shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares of each class of shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of each class of shares). The Acquiring Fund may not:

 

1.

Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management;

 

2.

Purchase or sell real estate, commodities or commodity contracts except that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may invest in securities directly or indirectly secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by entities that invest in real estate or interests therein, and the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon;

 

3.

Issue senior securities or borrow money except as permitted by Section 18 of the 1940 Act;

 

4.

Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in selling portfolio securities;

 

5.

Make loans to other persons, except (i) the Fund shall not be deemed to be making a loan to the extent that the Fund purchases Municipal Bonds or other debt instruments or enters into repurchase agreements or any similar instruments and (ii) the Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not in excess of 33 1/3% of its total assets, taken at market value, provided that such loans shall be made in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Fund’s prospectus; or

 

6.

Invest more than 25% of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in the securities of issuers in a single industry; provided that, for purposes of this restriction, tax-exempt securities of issuers that are states, municipalities or their political subdivisions are not considered to be the securities of issuers in any single industry.

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Acquiring Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. The Acquiring Fund may not:

 

a)

Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent that such purchases are permitted by applicable law. Applicable law currently prohibits the Fund from purchasing the securities of other investment companies except if immediately thereafter not more than (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of such company is owned by the Fund, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets, taken at market value, would be invested in any one such company, (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets, taken at market value, would be invested in such securities and provided that the Fund, together with other investment companies having the same investment adviser and companies controlled by such companies, owns not more than 10% of the total outstanding stock of any one closed-end investment company;

 

b)

Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any securities owned or held by the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings mentioned in investment restriction (3) above or except as may be necessary in connection with transactions described under “The Acquiring Fund’s Investments—Investment Objectives and Policies” of the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus; or

 

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c)

Purchase any securities on margin, except that the Fund may obtain such short term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities (the deposit or payment by the Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with financial futures contracts and options thereon is not considered the purchase of a security on margin).

If a percentage restriction on the investment policies or the investment or use of assets set forth above is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changing values will not be considered a violation.

The Acquiring Fund is currently classified as a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. This means that the Acquiring Fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than (i) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and (ii) securities of other investment companies) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the Acquiring Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer or (b) the Acquiring Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, the Acquiring Fund can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, the Acquiring Fund cannot change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.

Target Fund (MFL)

The following are fundamental investment restrictions of MFL and may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of MFL’s outstanding common shares and outstanding preferred shares, voting together as a single class, and a majority of the outstanding preferred shares, voting as a separate class (which for this purpose and under the 1940 Act means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of each class of shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares of each class of shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of each class of shares). MFL may not:

 

1.

Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management;

 

2.

Purchase or sell real estate, commodities or commodity contracts; provided, that the Fund may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein, and the Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon;

 

3.

Issue senior securities or borrow money except as permitted by Section 18 of the 1940 Act;

 

4.

Underwrite securities of other issuers except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in selling portfolio securities;

 

5.

Make loans to other persons, except that the Fund may purchase Florida Municipal Bonds, Municipal Bonds and other debt securities and enter into repurchase agreements in accordance with its investment objective, policies and limitations; or

 

6.

Invest more than 25% of its total assets (taken at market value at the time of each investment) in securities of issuers in a single industry; provided, that for purposes of this restriction, states, municipalities and their political subdivisions are not considered to be part of any industry.

For purposes of restriction (6), the exception for states, municipalities and the political subdivisions applies only to tax-exempt securities issued by such entities.

In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, MFL is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies, which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. MFL may not:

 

1.

Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent that such purchases are permitted by applicable law. Applicable law currently prohibits a Fund from purchasing the securities of other investment

 

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  companies except if immediately thereafter not more than (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of such company is owned by the Fund, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets, taken at market value, would be invested in any one such company, (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets, taken at market value, would be invested in such securities, and (iv) the Fund, together with other investment companies having the same investment adviser and companies controlled by such companies, owns not more than 10% of the total outstanding stock of any one closed-end investment company;

 

2.

Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any securities owned or held by the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings mentioned in investment restriction (3) above or except as may be necessary in connection with transactions in financial futures contracts and options thereon;

 

3.

Purchase any securities on margin, except that a Fund may obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities (the deposit or payment by a Fund of initial or variation margin in connection with financial futures contracts and options thereon is not considered the purchase of a security on margin); or

 

4.

Make short sales of securities or maintain a short position or invest in put, call, straddle or spread options, except that the Fund may write, purchase and sell options and futures on Florida Municipal Bonds, Municipal Bonds, U.S. Government obligations and related indices or otherwise in connection with bona fide hedging activities and may purchase and sell Call Rights to require mandatory tender for the purchase of related Florida Municipal Bonds and Municipal Bonds.

If a percentage restriction on the investment policies or the investment or use of assets set forth above is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changing values will not be considered a violation.

 

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APPENDIX C

DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

A Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s (“Moody’s”) Global Rating Scales

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay. Moody’s ratings do not address non-standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned for obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level on both the long-term scale and the short-term scale. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.

Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all structured finance ratings. The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same. The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies, however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.

Description of Moody’s Global Long-Term Rating Scale

 

Aaa   Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa   Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A   Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa   Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba   Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B   Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa   Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca   Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C   Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

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Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.

Description of Moody’s Global Short-Term Rating Scale

 

P-1   Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-2   Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3   Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP   Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

Description of Moody’s U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings

Description of Moody’s Short-Term Obligation Ratings

Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by U.S. municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.

For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) scales discussed below.

Moody’s uses the MIG scale for U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.

MIG Scale

 

MIG 1   This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2   This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3   This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG   This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

 

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Description of Moody’s Demand Obligation Ratings

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned. The components are a long-term rating and a short-term demand obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term demand obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to make payments associated with the purchase-price-upon-demand feature (“demand feature”) of the VRDO. The short-term demand obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. VMIG ratings with liquidity support use as an input the short-term Counterparty Risk Assessment of the support provider, or the long-term rating of the underlying obligor in the absence of third party liquidity support. Transitions of VMIG ratings of demand obligations with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

Moody’s typically assigns the VMIG short-term demand obligation rating if the frequency of the demand feature is less than every three years. If the frequency of the demand feature is less than three years but the purchase price is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the short-term demand obligation rating is “NR”.

VMIG Scale

 

VMIG 1   This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2   This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3   This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG   This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

Description of S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a Division of S&P Global Inc., Issue Credit Ratings

An S&P issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term issue credit ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market, typically with an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Short-term issue credit ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. S&P would typically assign a long-term issue credit rating to an obligation with an original maturity of greater than 365 days. However, the ratings S&P assigns to certain instruments may diverge from these guidelines based on market practices. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

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Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P’s analysis of the following considerations:

 

   

The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

   

The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P imputes; and

 

   

The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*

 

AAA    An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA    An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A    An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB    An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

BB,

B,

CCC,

CC,

and C

   Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB    An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B    An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC    An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC    An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

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C    An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D    An obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

*

Ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3    A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B    A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C    A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D    A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to ‘D’ if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

Description of S&P’s Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings

An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original

 

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maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P’s analysis will review the following considerations:

 

   

Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

   

Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

S&P’s municipal short-term note rating symbols are as follows:

 

SP-1    Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2    Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3    Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D    ‘D’ is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.

Description of Fitch Ratings’ (“Fitch’s”) Credit Ratings Scales

Fitch Ratings publishes opinions on a variety of scales. The most common of these are credit ratings, but the agency also publishes ratings, scores and other relative opinions relating to financial or operational strength. For example, Fitch also provides specialized ratings of servicers of residential and commercial mortgages, asset managers and funds. In each case, users should refer to the definitions of each individual scale for guidance on the dimensions of risk covered in each assessment.

Fitch’s credit ratings relating to issuers are an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Credit ratings relating to securities and obligations of an issuer can include a recovery expectation. Credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. The agency’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance, and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

The terms “investment grade” and “speculative grade” have established themselves over time as shorthand to describe the categories ‘AAA’ to ‘BBB’ (investment grade) and ‘BB’ to ‘D’ (speculative grade). The terms investment grade and speculative grade are market conventions and do not imply any recommendation or endorsement of a specific security for investment purposes. Investment grade categories indicate relatively low to moderate credit risk, while ratings in the speculative categories either signal a higher level of credit risk or that a default has already occurred.

For the convenience of investors, Fitch may also include issues relating to a rated issuer that are not and have not been rated on its web page. Such issues are also denoted as ‘NR’.

Credit ratings express risk in relative rank order, which is to say they are ordinal measures of credit risk and are not predictive of a specific frequency of default or loss. For information about the historical performance of ratings please refer to Fitch’s Ratings Transition and Default studies which detail the historical default rates and their meaning. The European Securities and Markets Authority also maintains a central repository of historical default rates.

 

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Fitch’s credit ratings do not directly address any risk other than credit risk. In particular, ratings do not deal with the risk of a market value loss on a rated security due to changes in interest rates, liquidity and other market considerations. However, in terms of payment obligation on the rated liability, market risk may be considered to the extent that it influences the ability of an issuer to pay upon a commitment.

Ratings nonetheless do not reflect market risk to the extent that they influence the size or other conditionality of the obligation to pay upon a commitment (for example, in the case of index-linked bonds).

In the default components of ratings assigned to individual obligations or instruments, the agency typically rates to the likelihood of non-payment or default in accordance with the terms of that instrument’s documentation. In limited cases, Fitch may include additional considerations (i.e. rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligation’s documentation).

The primary credit rating scales can be used to provide a rating of privately issued obligations or certain note issuance programs or for private ratings. In this case the rating is not published, but only provided to the issuer or its agents in the form of a rating letter.

The primary credit rating scales may also be used to provide ratings for a more narrow scope, including interest strips and return of principal or in other forms of opinions such as credit opinions or rating assessment services. Credit opinions are either a notch- or category-specific view using the primary rating scale and omit one or more characteristics of a full rating or meet them to a different standard. Credit opinions will be indicated using a lower case letter symbol combined with either an ‘*’ (e.g. ‘bbb+*’) or (cat) suffix to denote the opinion status. Credit opinions will be point-in-time typically but may be monitored if the analytical group believes information will be sufficiently available. Rating assessment services are a notch-specific view using the primary rating scale of how an existing or potential rating may be changed by a given set of hypothetical circumstances. While credit opinions and rating assessment services are point-in-time and are not monitored, they may have a directional watch or outlook assigned, which can signify the trajectory of the credit profile.

Description of Fitch’s Long-Term Corporate Finance Obligations Rating Scales

Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument. On the contrary, Ratings of debtor-in-possession (“DIP”) obligations incorporate the expectation of full repayment.

The relationship between the issuer scale and obligation scale assumes a generic historical average recovery. Individual obligations can be assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or issuer default rating (“IDR”), based on their relative ranking, relative vulnerability to default or based on explicit Recovery Ratings.

As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or IDR, except DIP obligation ratings that are not based off an IDR. At the lower end of the ratings scale, Fitch publishes explicit Recovery Ratings in many cases to complement issuer and obligation ratings.

Fitch long-term obligations rating scales are as follows:

 

AAA    Highest Credit Quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

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AA    Very High Credit Quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A    High Credit Quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB    Good Credit Quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB    Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B    Highly Speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC    Substantial Credit Risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC    Very High Levels of Credit Risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C    Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. ‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.

Within rating categories, Fitch may use modifiers. The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories.

For example, the rating category ‘AA’ has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+’; ‘AA’; ‘AA–’; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA’ ratings and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1’, a ‘+’ may be appended.

Description of Fitch’s Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers and Obligations

A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.

Fitch short-term ratings are as follows:

 

F1    Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2    Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3    Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B    Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C    High Short-Term Default Risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD    Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D    Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

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PROXY    BLACKROCK MUNIHOLDINGS INVESTMENT QUALITY FUND
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The undersigned hereby appoints John M. Perlowski and Jay M. Fife, and each of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his or her substitute, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side hereof, all of the preferred shares of BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (“MFL”) that the undersigned is entitled to vote at the Joint Special Meeting of Shareholders of MFL to be held on Friday, February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern time) (the “Fund Joint Special Meeting”), and any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) thereof, to cast on behalf of the undersigned all votes that the undersigned is entitled to cast at the Fund Joint Special Meeting and otherwise to represent the undersigned at the Fund Joint Special Meeting with all powers possessed by the undersigned if personally present at the Fund Joint Special Meeting. Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Fund Joint Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, at the following Website: https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R. To attend and participate in the virtual Fund Joint Special Meeting enter the 14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The validity of this proxy is governed by Massachusetts law. This proxy does not revoke any prior powers of attorney except for prior proxies given in connection with the Fund Joint Special Meeting. The undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt of the Proxy Statement, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference, and revokes any proxy heretofore given with respect to the Fund Joint Special Meeting.
THIS PROXY, IF PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN BY THE UNDERSIGNED SHAREHOLDER. IF NO DIRECTION IS MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED “FOR” THE PROPOSALS.
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1A. The common shareholders and holders of Variable Rate Demand Preferred Shares (“VRDP Shares” and the holders thereof, “VRDP Holders”) of MFL are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between MFL and BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (the “Acquiring Fund”) (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein, including (i) the acquisition by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s assets and the assumption by the Acquiring Fund of substantially all of MFL’s liabilities in exchange solely for newly issued common shares and VRDP Shares of the Acquiring Fund, which will be distributed to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and VRDP Holders, respectively, of MFL, and which shall constitute the sole consideration to be distributed or paid to the common shareholders (although cash may be distributed in lieu of fractional common shares) and the VRDP Holders in respect of their common shares and VRDP Shares, respectively, and (ii) the termination by MFL of its registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the liquidation, dissolution and termination of MFL in accordance with its Declaration of Trust and Massachusetts law (the “Reorganization”).
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PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
PREFERRED SHARES
The undersigned hereby appoints John M. Perlowski and Jay M. Fife, and each of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his or her substitute, and hereby authorizes them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side hereof, all of the preferred shares of BlackRock Municipal Income Fund, Inc. (“MUI” or the “Acquiring Fund”) that the undersigned is entitled to vote at the Joint Special Meeting of Shareholders of MUI to be held on Friday, February 4, 2022 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern time) (the “Fund Joint Special Meeting”), and any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) thereof, to cast on behalf of the undersigned all votes that the undersigned is entitled to cast at the Fund Joint Special Meeting and otherwise to represent the undersigned at the Fund Joint Special Meeting with all powers possessed by the undersigned if personally present at the Fund Joint Special Meeting. Because of our concerns regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Fund Joint Special Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, at the following Website: https://meetnow.global/M5YSR7R. To attend and participate in the virtual Fund Joint Special Meeting enter the 14-digit control number from the shaded box on this card. The validity of this proxy is governed by Maryland law. This proxy does not revoke any prior powers of attorney except for prior proxies given in connection with the Fund Joint Special Meeting. The undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt of the Proxy Statement, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference, and revokes any proxy heretofore given with respect to the Fund Joint Special Meeting.
THIS PROXY, IF PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED HEREIN BY THE UNDERSIGNED SHAREHOLDER. IF NO DIRECTION IS MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED “FOR” THE PROPOSALS.
VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com
VOTE VIA THE TELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503
                MUI_32392_120221_Pref
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THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD. THE BOARD RECOMMENDS VOTING “FOR” THE PROPOSALS.
TO VOTE MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS SHOWN IN THIS EXAMPLE:    X
Proposals
1C. The holders of VMTP Shares (“VMTP Holders”) of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a separate class on a proposal to approve an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization between BlackRock MuniHoldings Investment Quality Fund (“MFL”) and the Acquiring Fund (the “Reorganization Agreement”) and the transactions contemplated therein.
2. The common shareholders and VMTP Holders of the Acquiring Fund are being asked to vote as a single class on a proposal to approve the issuance of additional common shares of the Acquiring Fund in connection with the Reorganization Agreement.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the
Joint Special Meeting of Shareholders on February 4, 2022.
The Proxy Statement and Proxy card for this meeting are available at:
https://www.proxy-direct.com/blk-32392
Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to be counted. — Sign and Date Below
Note: Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When shares are held jointly, each holder should sign. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature.
Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below    Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box
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