Item 6.
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Indemnification of
Directors and Officers.
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Section
145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate
the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’
fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions.
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to the Registrant’s directors,
officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in
the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in a successful defense of any action, suit
or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered,
the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to the
court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
In accordance with Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, the Registrant’s
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation, provides that no director shall be personally liable to us or any of the Registrant’s
stockholders for monetary damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duty as directors, except to the extent such limitation on
or exemption from liability is not permitted under the DGCL. The effect of this provision of the Registrant’s second amended and
restated certificate of incorporation is to eliminate Registrant’s rights and those of Registrant’s stockholders (through
stockholders’ derivative suits on Registrant’s behalf) to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of the fiduciary
duty of care as a director, including breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior, except, as restricted by Section 102(b)(7)
of the DGCL. However, this provision does not limit or eliminate the Registrant’s rights or the rights of any stockholder to seek
non-monetary relief, such as an injunction or rescission, in the event of a breach of a director’s duty of care.
If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate
action further eliminating or limiting the liability of directors, then, in accordance with Registrant’s second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation, the liability of the Registrant’s directors to the Registrant or the Registrant’s stockholders
will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as so amended. Any repeal or amendment of provisions of the
Registrant’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation limiting or eliminating the liability of directors, whether
by the Registrant’s stockholders or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless
otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to further limit or eliminate
the liability of directors on a retroactive basis.
The Registrant’s second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation provides that the Registrant will, to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by applicable law, indemnify
the Registrant’s current and former officers and directors, as well as those persons who, while directors or officers of the Registrant’s
corporation, are or were serving as directors, officers, employees or agents of another entity, trust or other enterprise, including service
with respect to an employee benefit plan, in connection with any threatened, pending or completed proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative, against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorney’s fees, judgments,
fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by any such person in connection
with any such proceeding.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person eligible
for indemnification pursuant to the Registrant’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation will be indemnified by
us in connection with a proceeding initiated by such person only if such proceeding was authorized by Registrant’s board of directors,
except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification.
The right to indemnification which is conferred by the Registrant’s
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation is a contract right that includes the right to be paid by us the expenses incurred
in defending or otherwise participating in any proceeding referenced above in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that
if the DGCL requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by the Registrant’s officer or director (solely in the capacity as an
officer or director of the Registrant’s corporation) will be made only upon delivery to us of an undertaking, by or on behalf of
such officer or director, to repay all amounts so advanced if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified
for such expenses under the Registrant’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation or otherwise.
The rights to indemnification and advancement
of expenses will not be deemed exclusive of any other rights which any person covered by the Registrant’s second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation may have or hereafter acquire under law, the Registrant’s second amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, the Registrant’s bylaws, an agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.
Any repeal or amendment of provisions of the Registrant’s
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation affecting indemnification rights, whether by the Registrant’s stockholders
or by changes in law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith, will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective
only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis,
and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such repeal or amendment or adoption
of such inconsistent provision with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent
provision. The Registrant’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation also permits us, to the extent and in the manner
authorized or permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other that those specifically covered by the Registrant’s
second amended and restated certificate of incorporation.
The Registrant’s bylaws include the provisions relating to advancement
of expenses and indemnification rights consistent with those which will be set forth in the Registrant’s second amended and restated
certificate of incorporation. In addition, the Registrant’s bylaws provide for a right of indemnity to bring a suit in the event
a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses is not paid in full by us within a specified period of time. The Registrant’s
bylaws also permit us to purchase and maintain insurance, at the Registrant’s expense, to protect us and/or any director, officer,
employee or agent of the Registrant’s corporation or another entity, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or
loss, whether or not the Registrant would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.
Any
repeal or amendment of provisions of the Registrant’s bylaws affecting indemnification rights, whether by the Registrant’s
board of directors, stockholders or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provisions inconsistent therewith,
will (unless otherwise required by law) be prospective only, except to the extent such amendment or change in law permits us to
provide broader indemnification rights on a retroactive basis, and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right
or protection existing thereunder with respect to any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption
of such inconsistent provision.
The
Registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its officers and directors. These agreements require the Registrant
to indemnify these individuals to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liabilities that may arise by reason
of their service to us, and to advance expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be
indemnified.
The
Registrant maintains standard policies of insurance that provide coverage (1) to its directors and officers against loss rising
from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act and (2) to the Registrant with respect to indemnification payments
that it may make to such directors and officers.
The
Registrant has purchased and intends to maintain insurance on behalf of the Registrant and any person who is or was a director
or officer against any loss arising from any claim asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in that capacity, subject
to certain exclusions and limits of the amount of coverage.
1.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
Provided,
however, that paragraphs (a)(i) and (a)(ii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment
by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13
or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
(b) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(d) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
2.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each
filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable,
each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
3.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion
of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by
the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense
of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.