The Hartford Commemorates Centennial of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire
2006年4月13日 - 5:57AM
PRニュース・ワイアー (英語)
Insurer recounts events and its role in helping city recover from
catastrophe HARTFORD, Conn., April 12 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- One
hundred years ago this month, one of America's greatest cities lay
in ruin, the result of the planet's fragile geology. The Hartford
Financial Services Group, Inc. (NYSE: HIG), one of the nation's
most enduring names in property and casualty insurance,
commemorates the anniversary of the April 18, 1906 earthquake and
fire, a tragedy which leveled much of San Francisco and tested the
company's long-standing promise to its customers -- that it would
be there for them when catastrophe struck. (Logo:
http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20051208/HARTFORDLOGO ) The
massive quake and "conflagration," which a major fire was called
during that era, still ranks as one of the worst natural disasters
to hit a major city in the United States. It caused enormous
destruction -- upwards of $7 billion in today's dollars. Some
experts predict that if a similar earthquake struck San Francisco
today, insured property damage could exceed $50 billion while
economic losses could surpass a staggering $100 billion. For many
of the nation's insurers, the catastrophe pushed the limits of
their financial strength and their ability to pay claims. For The
Hartford -- the largest payer of insurance claims after the
disaster -- it was a similarly defining moment, and one which the
company has documented today in a pictorial slideshow on its
website, at http://www.thehartford.com/history/1906sfearthquake.
Flashback -- The Hartford Before the Quake By the end of the 19th
century, Hartford Fire Insurance Company, as The Hartford was then
known, was approaching its own centennial anniversary and building
a reputation as one of the country's most stable and dependable
fire insurers. Just 35 years earlier, the company had shown
strength and commitment to customers in response to the 1871
Chicago fire -- the most notorious urban blaze of that century. It
had done the same in 1835 after the great New York City
conflagration destroyed the financial district. "Both of those
catastrophes were critical moments in our history that helped
define the reputation of The Hartford," said Ramani Ayer, chairman,
president and CEO of The Hartford, reflecting on the company's
nearly 200-year-old history. "For example, after Chicago, 68 of the
202 insurance companies that incurred losses failed immediately,
while 83 others couldn't pay their claims in full. But The Hartford
promptly paid all of its claims, earning the company respect across
the nation." With respect to the Chicago fire, one insurance
publication at the time referred to The Hartford's response as "the
best piece of insurance adjustment and payment ever executed in
this country." Moving into the 20th century, this reputation helped
the company flourish. In addition to its Hartford, Conn.-based home
office, the company opened regional departments across the country,
including a thriving office at 313 California St. in San Francisco.
This office was responsible for an expanding business throughout
the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast, as the American population
increasingly headed west. "The success of The Hartford's San
Francisco office paralleled the growth and prosperity in the Bay
area and the entire west coast," noted Ayer. "However, despite
knowing their region was subject to earth tremors, most residents
in 1906 had no idea what kind of damage a major quake could do to
the many wooden homes and un-reinforced brick buildings in their
city." All that would change in a matter of seconds. The Great
Quake and its Aftermath Shortly after 5:00 a.m. on Wednesday, April
18, 1906, residents of the Bay area were jolted awake by a massive
earthquake lasting 45 to 60 seconds. While the quake's powerful
epicenter was located near the city, its violent shocks could be
felt all along the coast, from Oregon to southern California, and
as far inland as central Nevada. Experts estimate that the quake
reached a magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale, or 7.9 on the
modern "moment-magnitude" scale, a force equivalent to the
detonation of over 1 billion tons of the chemical explosive TNT and
nearly 30 times stronger than the quake that shook the Bay area in
1989. It also ignited dozens of fires which raged out of control
for three days, compounding the initial damage and destroying more
property than the quake itself. Many of these fires were caused by
ruptured gas mains, downed power lines and broken chimney flues
throughout the city. Others were ignited by campfires set by the
many residents who were left homeless. No matter how these
individual fires started, they spread across the thousands of
closely-spaced wooden Victorian dwellings, which rapidly fueled the
flames. Overwhelmed fire companies could do little to fight them
since many of the city's water mains were also severed. By the time
the blazes were finally contained, San Francisco, known in 1906 as
the "Paris of the West," was reduced to a tent city. It suffered an
unprecedented amount of physical and financial damage, including: *
Approximately 3,000 deaths and 225,000 injuries in and around the
Bay area. * The destruction of nearly 500 city blocks -- roughly a
4.7 square mile area from the downtown core to the docks of San
Francisco Bay. * More than 28,000 buildings leveled to the ground.
* More than half of San Francisco's population (approximately
400,000 residents in 1906) left homeless. * Over $400 million in
property damage (upwards of $7 billion today) of which $225 million
($4 billion today) was insured. * Approximately $80 million in
damage caused by the quake, and the remainder caused by the fires.
The Hartford Responds Within several hours after the quake struck,
the building occupied by The Hartford was completely destroyed by
flames. The Hartford's city agent and general adjuster, a San
Francisco resident named Adam Gilliland, raced to the scene but was
unable to save important company records. In the aftermath, the
only documents from The Hartford's San Francisco office that
survived the catastrophe were a series of maps, charred but
legible, which were stored in a basement vault and contained some
basic notation of policies and their locations. "In the true spirit
of The Hartford, Gilliland brought those vital maps back to his
home on Broderick Street, a safe distance from the city center, and
set up a temporary office to begin adjusting and settling claims
with his colleagues," noted Ayer. "Eventually, they moved from his
home to another location within the city, and completed one of the
most challenging claims adjustments in the company's then 96-year
history." The Hartford's president at the time, George Chase, who
had been serving in that position since before the Chicago fire,
issued a statement to the company's independent agents and
customers. His message reaffirmed The Hartford's long-standing
record of trust, strength and good faith in times of crisis, as it
had done after earlier urban fires: "Whatever losses may have been
incurred by The Hartford will be honorably adjusted and promptly
paid, and the record established at Chicago, Boston and Baltimore
will remain unbroken." Based on the memory of adjusters and the
written notes of policyholders, many of whose property and official
papers were destroyed, The Hartford worked diligently to settle
4,972 customer claims, which amounted to a total of $11.6 million,
or over $200 million today. This was the largest sum paid by any
insurance company after the San Francisco disaster. Many of these
claims, including a $100,000 policy with the J. A. Folgers &
Co. coffee company, were paid in full without any documentation
based on the honest recollection of The Hartford's agents. Beyond
San Francisco While damage was much greater in San Francisco than
in Chicago after the great fire, only 20 of 243 insurance companies
failed as a result of the 1906 tragedy. This was an indication that
the industry, through better management and improved underwriting,
had become more stable in the course of 35 years. One year after
the tragedy, an insurance adjuster named J. J. Purcell, wrote an
essay, reflecting on his experience and enormous pride working for
The Hartford: "In contemplation of the San Francisco disaster and
its ramifications, that which gives me the most satisfaction and
makes me proud of the company for which I labored, was the simple
instruction from its officials to 'adjust each claim on its merits
and pay.'" The abundance of research from the 1906 quake prompted
advances in seismology, the study of fault systems in this country
and, years later, contributed to the growing study of plate
tectonics, which analyzes the shifting of the earth's crust. Along
with the emergence of modern catastrophe risk modeling, insurance
companies are now able to better manage the risks associated with
earthquakes, which helps guide their underwriting and policy-making
decisions. Today, The Hartford also helps its customers and
commercial risk managers prepare for earthquakes and mitigate their
potential exposures in a number of ways, such as making better land
use decisions, complying with building codes and providing guidance
on retrofitting structures to deal with this very real risk. The
Hartford's Loss Control experts also are able to provide tools to
assist commercial customers in creating a disaster recovery plan
for their businesses. "Whether a catastrophe today is caused by a
natural event, like an earthquake or hurricane, by a tragic fire or
by a man-made act of terror, The Hartford is in the business of
protecting its customers and their property with the best insurance
and services possible, and helping them recover when they need us
most," said Ayer. "The scrupulous claims payment and devotion we
demonstrated in 1906 is still at the core of our business, and we
remain as committed to policyholders in 2006 as we were one hundred
years ago." The Hartford, a Fortune 100 company, is one of the
nation's largest financial services and insurance companies, with
2005 revenues of $27.1 billion. The Hartford is a leading provider
of investment products, life insurance and group benefits;
automobile and homeowners products; and business property and
casualty insurance. International operations are located in Japan,
Brazil and the United Kingdom. The Hartford's Internet address is
http://www.thehartford.com/. Some of the statements in this release
should be considered forward- looking statements as defined in the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include
statements about our future results of operations. We caution
investors that these forward-looking statements are not guarantees
of future performance, and actual results may differ materially.
Investors should consider the important risks and uncertainties
that may cause actual results to differ. These important risks and
uncertainties include those discussed in our Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the other
filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We
assume no obligation to update this release, which speaks as of the
date issued. Contacts: Joe Loparco 860-547-3397 Debora Raymond
860-547-9613
http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20051208/HARTFORDLOGO
http://photoarchive.ap.org/ DATASOURCE: The Hartford Financial
Services Group, Inc. CONTACT: Joe Loparco, +1-860-547-3397, , or
Debora Raymond, +1-860-547-9613, , both of The Hartford Web site:
http://www.thehartford.com/
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