Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

______________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________________________

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________ to _________________

Commission File Number: 001-40097

______________________________________________

GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

______________________________________________


Delaware			87-2652913
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

27 Drydock Avenue 8th Floor Boston, MA			02210
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (877) 422-5362

______________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share

DNA

NYSE

Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share

DNA.WS

NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of May 2, 2024, the registrant had 1,709,063,953 shares of Class A common stock, 382,214,015 shares of Class B common stock and 120,000,000 shares of non-voting Class C common stock outstanding.

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements regarding, among other things, the plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial, of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (“Ginkgo”). These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of the management of Ginkgo. Although Ginkgo believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, Ginkgo cannot assure you that it will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes”, “estimates”, “expects”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “plans”, “scheduled”, “anticipates” or “intends” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•Ginkgo’s ability to raise financing in the future and to comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term indebtedness;

•Ginkgo’s ongoing remediation efforts with respect to its identified material weakness in internal control over financial reporting;

•factors relating to the business, operations and financial performance of Ginkgo, including:

◦the performance and output of Ginkgo’s cell engineering and biosecurity platforms;

◦Ginkgo’s ability to effectively manage its growth, including its anticipated approach to inorganic growth and related impacts on Ginkgo’s financial performance;

◦Ginkgo’s ability to realize near-term and long-term cost savings associated with our site consolidation plans, including the ability to terminate leases or find sub-lease tenants for unused facilities;

◦Ginkgo’s exposure to the volatility and liquidity risks inherent in holding equity interests in certain of its customers;

◦rapidly changing technology, including in relation to artificial intelligence (“AI”), and extensive competition in the synthetic biology industry that could make the products and processes Ginkgo is developing obsolete or non-competitive unless it continues to collaborate on the development of new and improved products and processes and pursue new market opportunities;

◦Ginkgo’s expected stabilization in operational overhead costs in 2024;

◦Ginkgo’s ability to attract new customers and generate additional demand for its services, Ginkgo’s reliance on its customers to develop, produce and manufacture products using the engineered cells and/or biomanufacturing processes that Ginkgo develops and Ginkgo’s ability to accurately predict customer demand, including with respect to the data we access and hold;

◦the anticipated growth of Ginkgo’s biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services, its expanding epidemiology capabilities and potential impact on the ability to predict pathogen emergence and evolution, its international expansion and the relative value of the services on Ginkgo’s future Biosecurity revenue;

◦Ginkgo’s ability to comply with laws and regulations applicable to its business; and

◦market conditions and global and economic factors beyond Ginkgo’s control, including initiatives undertaken by the U.S. government in the biotechnology sector, the frequency and scale of biological risks and threats, and the future potential and commercial applications of AI and the biotechnology sector.

Each forward-looking statement is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, among others:

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•intense competition and competitive pressures from other companies worldwide in the industries in which Ginkgo operates;

•litigation, including securities or shareholder litigation, and the ability to adequately protect Ginkgo’s intellectual property rights;

•the success of Ginkgo’s programs, the growth of Ginkgo’s biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services, and their potential to contribute revenue, and the relative contribution of Ginkgo’s programs to its future revenue, including the potential for future revenue related to downstream value to be in the form of potential future milestone payments, royalties, and/or equity consideration; and

•other factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are more fully described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report. which are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q describe additional factors that could adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of Ginkgo. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can Ginkgo assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business of Ginkgo, or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. You should not put undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. All forward-looking statements attributable to Ginkgo or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. Ginkgo undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	37

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 5.	Other Information	38
Item 6.	Exhibits	38
Signatures		39

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	840,440	$	944,073
Accounts receivable, net	24,189		17,157
Accounts receivable - related parties	370		742
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	38,021		39,777
Total current assets	903,020		1,001,749
Property, plant, and equipment, net	195,992		188,193
Operating lease right-of-use assets	220,785		206,801
Investments	76,021		78,565
Intangible assets, net	77,407		82,741
Goodwill	47,909		49,238
Other non-current assets	60,627		58,055
Total assets	$	1,581,761	$	1,665,342
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	26,995	$	9,323
Deferred revenue (includes $707 and $5,426 from related parties)	33,612		44,486
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	108,436		110,051
Total current liabilities	169,043		163,860
Non-current liabilities:
Deferred revenue, net of current portion (includes $123,549 and $119,053 from related parties)	166,067		158,062
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	234,497		221,835
Other non-current liabilities	24,884		24,433
Total liabilities	594,491		568,190
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; none issued	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value (Note 6)	202		199
Additional paid-in capital	6,445,058		6,385,997
Accumulated deficit	(5,456,439)		(5,290,528)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,551)		1,484
Total stockholders’ equity	987,270		1,097,152
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,581,761	$	1,665,342

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cell Engineering revenue (1)	$	27,889	$	34,096
Biosecurity revenue:
Product	—		11,666
Service	10,055		34,940
Total revenue	37,944		80,702
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of Biosecurity product revenue	—		4,541
Cost of Biosecurity service revenue	9,202		17,834
Research and development	136,457		162,639
General and administrative	70,287		111,433
Total operating expenses	215,946		296,447
Loss from operations	(178,002)		(215,745)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	11,711		14,545
Loss on equity method investments	—		(1,449)
Loss on investments	(2,544)		(6,370)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	940		1,204
Other income, net	2,015		2,928
Total other income (expense)	12,122		10,858
Loss before income taxes	(165,880)		(204,887)
Income tax expense	31		82
Net loss	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	2,004,460		1,914,963
Diluted	2,005,336		1,916,637
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(3,035)		1,018
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(3,035)		1,018
Comprehensive loss	$	(168,946)	$	(203,951)

(1)Includes related party revenue of $733 and $4,703 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	1,891,976	$	190	$	6,136,378	$	(4,397,659)	$	(2,632)	$	1,736,277
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards	41,904	4		12		—		—		16
Settlement of contingent consideration - restricted stock	—	—		2,262		—		—		2,262
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		72,982		—		—		72,982
Foreign currency translation	—	—		—		—		1,018		1,018
Net loss	—	—		—		(204,969)		—		(204,969)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	1,933,880	$	194	$	6,211,634	$	(4,602,628)	$	(1,614)	$	1,607,586


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	2,001,315	$	199	$	6,385,997	$	(5,290,528)	$	1,484	$	1,097,152
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards	18,190	2		527		—		—		529
Settlement of contingent consideration	986	—		1,877		—		—		1,877
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions	13,133	1		15,875		—		—		15,876
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		40,782		—		—		40,782
Foreign currency translation	—	—		—		—		(3,035)		(3,035)
Net loss	—	—		—		(165,911)		—		(165,911)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	2,033,624	$	202	$	6,445,058	$	(5,456,439)	$	(1,551)	$	987,270

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	12,869		18,958
Stock-based compensation	40,782		72,986
Loss on investments and equity method investments	2,544		7,819
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(940)		(1,204)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)		5,177
Non-cash lease expense	5,637		8,039
Non-cash in-process research and development	16,816		—
Other non-cash activity	(442)		1,121
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable ($372 and $(26) from related parties)	(6,770)		(526)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,154		7,442
Operating lease right-of-use assets	—		2,665
Other non-current assets	(707)		(2,036)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	10,871		19,080
Deferred revenue, current and non-current ($(223) and $(2,226) from related parties)	(2,912)		(17,233)
Operating lease liabilities, current and non-current	(4,097)		(8,521)
Other non-current liabilities	2,773		617
Net cash used in operating activities	(89,259)		(90,585)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(6,710)		(19,441)
Business acquisition	(5,400)		—
Other	—		27
Net cash used in investing activities	(12,110)		(19,414)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	70		12
Principal payments on finance leases	(294)		(322)
Contingent consideration payment	(621)		—
Payment of equity issuance costs	—		(578)
Net cash used in financing activities	(845)		(888)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(157)		(26)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(102,371)		(110,913)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	944,073		1,315,792
Restricted cash, beginning of period	45,511		53,789
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	989,584		1,369,581

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	840,440		1,206,086
Restricted cash, end of period	46,773		52,582
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	887,213	$	1,258,668

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

The mission of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (“Ginkgo” or the “Company”) is to make biology easier to engineer. The Company designs custom cells for customers across multiple markets. Since inception, the Company has devoted its efforts to improving its platform for programming cells to enable customers to leverage biology to create impactful products across a range of industries. The Company’s platform comprises (i) equipment, robotic automation, software, data pipelines and tools, and standard operating procedures for high throughput cell engineering, fermentation, and analytics (referred to collectively as the “Foundry”), (ii) a library of proprietary biological assets and associated performance data (referred to collectively as “Codebase”), and (iii) the Company’s team of expert users, developers and operators of the Foundry and Codebase.

With a mission to make biology easier to engineer, the Company has recognized the need to invest in biosecurity as a key component of its platform. The Company’s Biosecurity business is building a global infrastructure for biosecurity to empower governments, communities, and public health leaders to prevent, detect and respond to a wide variety of biological threats.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain detailed disclosures which would normally be included with annual financial statements have been omitted. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been made. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Reported amounts and disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that management believes are most likely to occur, and the anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no new or material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 2 to the Company's 2023 consolidated financial statements included in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new recently issued accounting pronouncements that are of significance or potential significance to the Company from those disclosed within Note 2 to the Company's 2023 consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

2. Acquisitions

On October 3, 2023, and in connection with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, as defined and discussed in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Zymergen (the “Zymergen APA”) as the stalking horse bidder under Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to acquire exclusive rights to substantially all of Zymergen’s intellectual property assets and certain other assets.

On January 18, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the Company, through certain of its affiliates, completed its acquisition of substantially all of Zymergen’s assets under the Zymergen APA, and on February 5, 2024, Zymergen’s plan of liquidation was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. All of the Company’s interests in the Zymergen entities were extinguished and terminated as of February 23, 2024. The acquisition under the Zymergen APA was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 and was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The total cash purchase price was $6.2 million, with $5.4 million paid at closing and $0.8 million released from escrow. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date primarily includes $19.9 million of operating lease right-of-use assets, $6.0 million of property and equipment, and $19.9 million of operating lease liabilities. No goodwill or intangible assets were recognized. Transaction costs associated with the Zymergen APA were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 13.1 million shares of Class A common stock to acquire certain assets, which did not meet the definition of a business for accounting purposes. The assets acquired consisted of intellectual property with an aggregate estimated fair value of $16.9 million, all of which was expensed as in-process research and development in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the period, as the assets did not have an alternative use.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


		As of March 31, 2024
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	816,947	$	816,947	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	304		—		304		—
Marketable equity securities	Investments	22,209		22,209		—		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,795		—		—		12,795
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	14,475		—		12,130		2,345
Total assets		$	866,730	$	839,156	$	12,434	$	15,140
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,105	$	3,105	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,655		—		118		1,537
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,320		—		—		15,320
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,274		—		—		5,274
Total liabilities		$	25,354	$	3,105	$	118	$	22,131

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)


		As of December 31, 2023
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	913,729	$	913,729	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	654		—		654		—
Marketable equity securities (2)	Investments	19,190		18,401		789		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other	12,293		—		—		12,293
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	13,601		—		11,765		1,836
Total assets		$	959,467	$	932,130	$	13,208	$	14,129
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,794	$	3,794	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,906		—		60		1,846
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18,468		—		—		18,468
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,805		—		—		5,805
Total liabilities		$	29,973	$	3,794	$	60	$	26,119

(1)The fair value of Synlogic, Inc. warrants is calculated as the quoted price of the underlying common stock, less the unpaid exercise price of the warrants.

(2)Marketable equity securities classified as Level 2 reflect a discount for lack of marketability due to regulatory sales restrictions.

(3)The fair value of Private Placement Warrants classified as Level 2 is equivalent to that of Public Warrants as the transfer of Private Placement Warrants to anyone other than the initial purchasers or any of their permitted transferees results in the Private Placement Warrants having substantially the same terms as the Public Warrants.

Transfers to and from Levels 1, 2 and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 occurred due to lapse of regulatory sales restrictions on marketable equity securities. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, a portion of the Private Placement Warrants' estimated fair value was transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 as a result of the Private Placement Warrants having substantially the same terms as the Public Warrants when transferred to anyone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, leading the Company to determine their fair value to be equivalent to that of the Public Warrants. There were no other transfers between Levels 1, 2, or 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Notes Receivable

For all of its notes receivable, the Company has elected the fair value option, for which changes in fair value are recorded in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held a senior secured note in the principal amount of $11.8 million and a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $10.0 million, both issued by Bolt Threads, Inc. (“Bolt Threads”). The senior secured note bears interest at 12% per annum, is due December 31, 2027 and is included in other non-current assets at its estimated fair value. The convertible promissory note bears interest at 8% per annum, is convertible into equity securities of Bolt Threads upon a qualified financing, a non-qualified financing, or special purpose acquisition company transaction, at a conversion price equal to 80% of the price paid per share under the conversion scenario, or is otherwise payable on demand any time after the maturity date of October 4, 2024. The convertible promissory note is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets at its estimated fair value.

The Company used the yield method to value the senior secured note. Under this method, the estimated future cash flows, consisting of principal and interest payments, are discounted to present value using an applicable market yield or discount rate. Increases or decreases in the market yield or discount rate would result in a decrease or increase, respectively, in the fair value measurement. The market yield is determined using a corporate bond yield curve corresponding to the credit

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

rating category of the issuer. The fair value of the senior secured note is based on observable market inputs, which represents a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

In addition to the convertible promissory note issued by Bolt Threads, the Company holds a series of convertible debt instruments issued by customers as payment for Cell Engineering services. The Company used a scenario-based method to value the convertible debt instruments issued by customers and by Bolt Threads. Under this method, future cash flows are evaluated under various payoff scenarios, probability-weighted, and discounted to present value. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement as of March 31, 2024 were scenario probabilities of between 5% and 85%, a discount rate of 17% and estimated time to event date of up to two years. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement as of December 31, 2023 were scenario probabilities of between 5% and 85%, a discount rate of 17% and estimated time to event date of one to two years. Significant changes in these inputs could have resulted in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. As of March 31, 2024, the convertible debt instruments had an unpaid principal balance of $21.9 million and a fair value of $15.1 million. As of December 31, 2023, the convertible debt instruments had an unpaid principal balance of $21.0 million and a fair value of $14.1 million.

The following table provides a reconciliation of notes receivable measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	14,129	$	7,660
Additions	50		1,998
Change in fair value	961		(1,565)
Balance at March 31,	$	15,140	$	8,093

Warrant Liabilities

In connection with the Company's merger with Soaring Eagle Acquisition Corp. (“SRNG”) on September 16, 2021, the Company assumed 34.5 million publicly-traded warrants (“Public Warrants”) and 17.3 million private placement warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) previously issued in connection with SRNG’s initial public offering. The fair value of the Public Warrants is based on the observable quoted price of such warrants on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The primary unobservable input used in the valuation of the Private Placement Warrants is expected stock-price volatility. The Company estimated the volatility of its Private Placement Warrants using a Monte-Carlo simulation of the redeemable Public Warrants that assumes optimal exercise of the Company's redemption option at the earliest possible date. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon yield curve for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants. The expected life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term. The dividend yield is based on the historical rate, which the Company anticipates remaining at zero.

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the recurring valuation of the Private Placement Warrants as of their measurement dates:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Exercise price	$	11.50	$	11.50
Stock price	$	1.16	$	1.69
Volatility	87.8 %		70.5 %
Term (in years)	2.46		2.71
Risk-free interest rate	4.54 %		4.01 %

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table provides a reconciliation of the Private Placement Warrants measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	1,846	$	3,860
Change in fair value	(309)		(503)
Balance at March 31,	$	1,537	$	3,357

Contingent Consideration

In connection with various business acquisitions, the Company is required to make contingent earnout payments payable upon the achievement of certain technical, commercial and/or performance milestones. The Company also issued restricted stock in connection with acquisitions, which is subject to vesting conditions and is classified as contingent consideration liability.

The Company can settle a majority of its contingent consideration liabilities in cash or shares of Class A common stock at the Company’s election with the remainder payable in cash. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company settled $2.8 million in contingent consideration liabilities through payment of $0.9 million in cash and vesting of 1.2 million shares of restricted stock valued at $1.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company settled $2.3 million in contingent consideration liability related to restricted stock that was contingent on the filing of a registration statement to register the shares issued as purchase consideration for acquisitions. Of that amount, $1.4 million was recorded as an increase to the acquired intangible asset with an offset to additional paid-in-capital as the contingent consideration liability was deemed not probable until the filing of the registration statement.

The fair value of contingent consideration related to earnout payments from acquisitions was estimated using unobservable (Level 3) inputs as illustrated in the table below. The fair value of contingent consideration related to restricted stock was estimated using the quoted price of Ginkgo's Class A common stock, an estimate of the number of shares expected to vest, probability of vesting, and a discount rate. Material increases or decreases in these inputs could result in a higher or lower fair value measurement. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the fair value measurements of contingent consideration liabilities as of the periods presented:


			March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration Liability	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range		Range
Earnout payments (FGen and Dutch DNA acquisitions)	Probability-weighted present value	Probability of payment	10% - 80%		10% - 100%
		Discount rate	15.8%		13.4%
Earnout payments (Dutch DNA acquisition)	Discounted cash flow	Projected years of payments	2028 - 2031		2025 - 2028
		Discount rate	10.5	%	10.3	%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the contingent consideration measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	24,273	$	24,473
Change in fair value	(926)		5,177
Settlements and payments	(2,753)		(864)
Balance at March 31,	$	20,594	$	28,786

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures the fair value of certain assets, including investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values, on a nonrecurring basis when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable and when observable price changes occur for the identical or similar security of the same issuer.

The fair value of non-marketable equity securities is classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy when the Company estimates fair value using unobservable inputs to measure the amount of the impairment loss. The fair value of non-marketable equity securities is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy when the Company estimates fair value using the observable transaction price paid by third party investors for the identical or similar security of the same issuer.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company received a total purchase amount of $11.0 million in Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFEs”) from customers as prepayment for Cell Engineering services. The Company used a scenario-based method to value the SAFEs as of each contract inception date, which resulted in total fair value of $4.5 million. Under the scenario-based method, future cash flows were evaluated under qualified financing and dissolution scenarios with partial recovery and no recovery in dissolution. The cash flows under each scenario were probability-weighted and discounted to present value. The significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs used in the fair value measurement were scenario probabilities of 20% to 60%, a discount rate of 14% and estimated time to event date of one to two years.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded impairment losses of $5.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively, related to SAFEs. The fair value was generally estimated using the scenario-based method, whereby various payout scenarios were probability weighted and discounted to present value.

4. Investments and Equity Method Investments

The Company partners with other investors to form business ventures, including Motif FoodWorks, Inc. (“Motif”), Allonnia, LLC (“Allonnia”), Arcaea, LLC (“Arcaea”), Verb Biotics, LLC (“Verb”), BiomEdit, LLC (“BiomEdit”) and Ayana Bio, LLC (“Ayana”) (collectively “Platform Ventures”). The Company also partners with existing entities, including Genomatica, Inc. (“Genomatica”) and Synlogic, Inc. (“Synlogic”) (collectively, “Legacy Structured Partnerships”) with complementary assets for high potential synthetic biology applications. The Company holds equity interests in these Platform Ventures and Legacy Structured Partnerships. The Company also holds equity interests in other public and private companies as a result of entering into collaboration and license revenue arrangements with these entities.

The Company accounts for its investments in Platform Ventures under the equity method. The Company's marketable equity securities consist of Synlogic common stock, Synlogic warrants and the shares of common stock of other publicly traded companies. Marketable equity securities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company’s non-marketable equity securities consist of preferred stock of Genomatica and preferred and common stock of other privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. Non-marketable equity securities are initially recorded using the measurement alternative at cost and subsequently adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar security of the same issuer. Impairment losses and adjustments from observable price changes are recorded in loss on investments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company also holds investments in early-stage synthetic biology product companies via SAFEs. The Company enters into SAFE agreements in conjunction with a revenue contract with a customer under which the Company grants the customer a prepaid Cell Engineering services credit equal to the principal amount of the SAFE (the “Purchase Amount”), which may be used and drawn down as payment for the Company’s research and development services. The SAFEs will automatically convert into shares of preferred stock equal to the Purchase Amount divided by the discount price, which is calculated as the price per share sold in a qualified equity financing multiplied by a discount rate. The SAFEs also provide the Company with the right to future equity of the entity in a liquidation scenario or the cash-out amount in liquidation and dissolution scenarios or at the election of the SAFE issuer prior to an agreed outside date. The Company initially records SAFEs at fair value (see Note 3) and adjusts the carrying amount of the instrument at each reporting period for any impairments.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Investments:
SAFEs	$	18,686	$	23,898
Non-marketable equity securities	22,937		22,938
Marketable equity securities	21,452		17,563
Genomatica preferred stock	11,885		11,885
Synlogic common stock	757		1,627
Synlogic warrants	304		654
Total	$	76,021	$	78,565

Loss on investments and equity method investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Gain (loss) on investments:
Synlogic common stock	$	(871)	$	(812)
Synlogic warrants	(350)		(326)
Marketable equity securities	3,889		(3,421)
SAFEs	(5,212)		(1,811)
Total	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:
BiomEdit	$	—	$	(1,462)
Other	—		13
Total	$	—	$	(1,449)

The components of loss on investments for each period were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Impairment charges	$	(5,212)	$	(1,811)
Ongoing mark-to-market adjustments on marketable equity securities	2,668		(4,559)
Total loss on investments	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)

The carrying value for non-marketable equity securities accounted for using the fair value measurement alternative and held as of March 31, 2024, including cumulative unrealized losses, were as follows (in thousands):


	As of March 31, 2024
Total initial cost	$	114,701
Impairment charges	(59,566)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes	(1,627)
Carrying value	$	53,508

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

5. Variable Interest Entities

With respect to the Company’s investments in Motif, Allonnia, Genomatica, Arcaea, BiomEdit, Verb and Ayana (collectively, the “Unconsolidated VIEs”), the Company has concluded these entities represent variable interest entities (“VIEs”). While the Company has board representation on certain of these entities and is involved in the ongoing development activities of these entities via its participation on such entities’ joint steering committees (“JSC”), the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of these entities because: (i) the Company does not control the board of directors of any of the Unconsolidated VIEs, and no voting or consent agreements exist between the Company and other members of each respective board of directors or other investors, (ii) the holders of preferred security interests in the Unconsolidated VIEs hold certain rights that require their consent prior to taking certain actions, which include certain significant operating and financing decisions, and (iii) the Company’s representation on the JSC of each respective entity does not give it control over the development activities of any of the Unconsolidated VIEs, as all JSC decisions are made by consensus and there are no agreements in place that would require any of the entities to vote in alignment with the Company. As the Company’s involvement in the Unconsolidated VIEs does not give it the power to control the decisions with respect to their development or other activities, which are their most significant activities, the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the Unconsolidated VIEs.

Additionally, the Company holds equity interests in certain privately-held companies that are not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the maximum risk of loss related to the Company’s VIEs was limited to the carrying value of its investments in such entities.

Refer to Note 4 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments.

6. Supplemental Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheet to the totals shown within the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows is as follows (in thousands):


	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	840,440	$	1,206,086
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)	3,328		8,149
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)	43,445		44,433
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	887,213	$	1,258,668

(1)Includes cash balances collateralizing letters of credit associated with the Company’s facility leases and customer prepayments requiring segregation and restrictions in its use in accordance with the customer agreement.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Supplemental cash flow information

The following table presents non-cash investing and financing activities (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	7,886	$	8,247
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services	—		4,478
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services	—		12,493
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liability	1,877		2,262

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	152,105	$	147,185
Leasehold improvements	76,146		71,564
Buildings and facilities	47,572		47,034
Construction in progress	22,731		15,830
Computer equipment and software	14,950		14,780
Furniture and fixtures	6,515		6,458
Land	6,060		6,060
Total property, plant, and equipment	326,079		308,911
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(130,087)		(120,718)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	195,992	$	188,193

Capitalization

The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	Authorized	Issued	Outstanding
Common stock as of March 31, 2024:
Class A	10,500,000	1,669,628	1,554,178
Class B	4,500,000	382,399	359,446
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,172,027	2,033,624
Common stock as of December 31, 2023:
Class A	10,500,000	1,639,885	1,525,058
Class B	4,500,000	379,108	356,257
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,138,993	2,001,315

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

All goodwill is allocated to the Cell Engineering reporting unit and segment identified in Note 11. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):


Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	49,238
Impact of foreign currency translation	(1,329)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	47,909

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Gross Carrying Value (1)		Accumulated Amortization (1)		Net Carrying Value		Weighted Average Amortization Period
March 31, 2024:
Developed technology	$	103,099	$	(25,763)	$	77,336	8.6
Customer relationships	380		(309)		71		0.4
Assembled workforce	190		(190)		—		0
Total intangible assets	$	103,669	$	(26,262)	$	77,407
December 31, 2023:
Developed technology	$	105,279	$	(22,663)	$	82,616	8.8
Customer relationships	380		(261)		119		0.9
Assembled workforce	190		(184)		6		0.3
Total intangible assets	$	105,849	$	(23,108)	$	82,741

(1)Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization include the impact of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

Amortization expense was $3.4 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, estimated future amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):


Remainder of 2024	$	10,179
2025	13,478
2026	13,478
2027	10,403
2028	3,296
Thereafter	26,573
Total	$	77,407

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company may in the ordinary course of business be named as a defendant in lawsuits, indemnity claims and other legal proceedings. The Company accrues for a loss contingency when it concludes that the likelihood of a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company adjusts its accruals from time to time as it receives additional information. The Company does not believe any pending litigation to be material, or that the outcome of any such pending litigation, in management’s judgment based on information currently available, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

9. Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by financial statement line item in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	23,192	$	46,500
General and administrative	17,590		26,486
Total	$	40,782	$	72,986

The Company grants stock-based incentive awards pursuant to the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and the 2022 Inducement Plan (the “2022 Inducement Plan”). As of March 31, 2024, there were approximately 173.2 million shares and 3.1 million shares available for future issuance under the 2021 Plan and 2022 Inducement Plan, respectively.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (1) (in thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,049	$	0.89
Exercised	(3,405)	0.02
Outstanding as of March 31, 2024	2,644	2.01		6.55	$	768
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024	1,523	1.89		4.68	768

(1)Excludes 1.5 million shares underlying options issued outside the accounting for compensation awards under ASC 718.

(2)The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the exercise prices, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options recognizable over a weighted-average period of 0.7 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the restricted stock units (“RSU”) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	152,168	$	3.15
Granted	103,480	1.21
Vested	(14,683)	4.36
Forfeited	(2,260)	2.97
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	238,705	2.24

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.21 and $1.32, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $395.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs recognizable over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

Earnouts

Earnout shares represent equity awards in the form of RSUs and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) that were granted to existing shareholders of the Company as of the closing date of the Company's merger with SRNG on September 16, 2021 (the “Closing Date”). The earnout shares are subject to the same terms and conditions as the underlying awards (including with respect to vesting and termination-related provisions). Additionally, the earnout shares are subject to a market condition that will be met when the trading price of the Company's common stock is greater than or equal to $12.50, $15.00, $17.50 and $20.00 for any 20 trading days within any period of 30 consecutive trading days, on or before the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date (collectively, the “Earnout Targets”). The first Earnout Target of $12.50 per share was met on November 15, 2021.

A summary of activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the earnout shares is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	22,610	$	12.78
Vested	(89)	13.34
Forfeited	(17)	12.92
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	22,504	12.78

As of March 31, 2024, there was $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to earnout shares recognizable over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.

10. Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth the percentage of Cell Engineering revenues by industry based on total Cell Engineering revenue:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pharma and biotech	28	%	30	%
Agriculture	28		27
Food and nutrition	17		16
Government and defense	16		5
Industrial and environment	10		12
Consumer and technology	1		10
Total Cell Engineering revenue	100	%	100	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenue from customers within the United States comprised 70% and 84%, respectively, of total revenue.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Contract Balances

The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, excluding any amounts presented as accounts receivable. The Company had no contract asset balances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, primarily consist of payments received in advance of performance under the contract or when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration under the terms of the contract before it transfers goods or services to the customer. The Company’s collaborative arrangements with its investees and related parties typically include upfront payments consisting of cash or non-cash consideration for future research and development services and non-cash consideration in the form of convertible financial instruments and equity securities for licenses that will be transferred in the future. The Company records the upfront cash payments and fair value of the convertible financial instruments and equity securities as deferred revenue.

The Company also invoices customers based on contractual billing schedules, which results in the recording of deferred revenue to the extent payment is received prior to the Company’s performance of the related services. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) the Company performs under the contract.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $13.8 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance of $202.5 million as of December 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized $24.4 million of revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance of $222.6 million as of December 31, 2022.

Performance Obligations

The aggregate amount of the transaction price that was allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied or are partially satisfied as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $96.9 million and $110.0 million, respectively. The Company has elected the practical expedient not to provide the remaining performance obligation disclosures related to contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue on a cost-plus basis in the amount to which it has the right to invoice, and for contracts with a term of one year or less. As of March 31, 2024, of the performance obligations not yet satisfied or partially satisfied, nearly all is expected to be recognized as revenue during the years 2024 to 2027.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

11. Segment Information

The Company has identified two operating and reportable segments: Cell Engineering and Biosecurity. The following table presents summary results of the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue:
Cell Engineering	$	27,889	$	34,096
Biosecurity	10,055		46,606
Total revenue	37,944		80,702
Segment cost of revenue:
Biosecurity	9,202		22,375
Segment research and development expense:
Cell Engineering	100,101		98,522
Biosecurity	120		567
Total segment research and development expense	100,221		99,089
Segment general and administrative expense:
Cell Engineering	40,232		61,692
Biosecurity	11,951		13,956
Total segment general and administrative expense	52,183		75,648
Segment operating (loss) income:
Cell Engineering	(112,444)		(126,118)
Biosecurity	(11,218)		9,708
Total segment operating loss	(123,662)		(116,410)
Operating expenses not allocated to segments:
Stock-based compensation (1)	42,397		75,200
Depreciation and amortization	12,869		18,958
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)		5,177
Loss from operations	$	(178,002)	$	(215,745)

(1)Includes $1.6 million and $2.2 million in employer payroll taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

12. Net Loss per Share

The Company computes net loss per share using the two-class method required for participating securities. The earnings per share amounts are the same for the different classes of common stock because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or liquidation. The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss, basic	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration common shares liability	464		611
Net loss, diluted	$	(166,375)	$	(205,580)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	2,004,460		1,914,963
Effect of dilutive securities:
Contingent consideration common shares	876		1,674
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	2,005,336		1,916,637
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)

The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):


	As of March 31,
	2024	2023
Unvested RSUs	238,705	197,108
Earnout shares (1)	152,135	156,457
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock	51,825	51,825
Outstanding stock options	4,165	11,588
Escrow shares (2)	731	—
	447,561	416,978

(1)Represents earnout shares for which the service-based and/or market-based vesting conditions have not been satisfied.

(2)Represents restricted common stock issued in connection with asset acquisitions, held in escrow for indemnification purposes, and subject to forfeiture.

13. Related Parties

The Company’s significant transactions with its related parties are primarily comprised of revenue generating activities under collaboration and license agreements.

Table of Contents

Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet are summarized below (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Accounts receivable:
Ayana Bio	$	277	$	233
Allonnia	71		322
BiomEdit	21		—
Verb Biotics	1		61
Arcaea	—		126
	$	370	$	742
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Motif FoodWorks	$	45,426	$	45,426
Allonnia	36,056		36,062
Arcaea	33,066		33,066
BiomEdit	7,877		7,712
Genomatica	1,649		2,018
Ayana Bio	182		56
Other equity investees	—		139
	$	124,256	$	124,479

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss are summarized below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cell Engineering revenue:
Genomatica	$	369	$	1,209
Ayana Bio	147		451
Allonnia	59		86
Motif FoodWorks	19		—
Arcaea	—		1,462
BiomEdit	—		908
Verb Biotics	—		437
Other equity investees	139		150
	$	733	$	4,703

Refer to Note 4 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments held in its related parties.

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Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

14. Subsequent Events

On May 9, 2024, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce operational expenditures, management approved a plan for restructuring actions, including an expected reduction in labor expenses and a planned consolidation of certain of its facilities. Initial headcount reductions are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2024 and be substantially completed in 2025, subject to local laws. The aggregate expected costs and overall timing for completion of the restructuring plan is not yet known.

On April 10, 2024, the Company acquired platform assets, including fully sequenced and isolated strains, unique gene sequences, and relevant functional data and metadata, as well as a development pipeline from AgBiome, Inc. These assets will be integrated into the Company’s Ag Biologicals Services, established with the acquisition of a Bayer agricultural biologicals R&D facility in 2022, and expands Ginkgo’s proprietary unified metagenomics database. The acquisition was completed with the issuance of unregistered Class A common stock with registration rights and a price protection provision that requires the issuance of additional shares should the price per Class A common shares decline by more than a specified threshold prior to registration of the shares or 6 months, whichever is sooner. The Company has not yet completed its accounting for the acquisition.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Our mission is to make biology easier to engineer.

Ginkgo is the leading horizontal platform for cell programming, providing flexible, end-to-end services that solve challenges for organizations across diverse markets, from food and agriculture to pharmaceuticals to industrial and specialty chemicals. Ginkgo’s Biosecurity business is building a global infrastructure for biosecurity to empower governments, communities, and public health leaders to prevent, detect and respond to a wide variety of biological threats.

We use our platform to program cells on behalf of our customers. These “cell programs” are designed to enable biological production of products as diverse as novel therapeutics, key food ingredients, and chemicals currently derived from petroleum. Biology did not evolve by end market. All of these applications run on cells which have a common code—DNA—and a common programming platform can enable all of them. Because of this shared platform, we are able to drive scale and learning efficiencies while maintaining flexibility and diversity in our program areas. Ultimately, customers come to us because they believe we maximize the probability of successfully developing their products.

The foundation of our cell programming platform includes two core assets that execute a wide variety of cell programs for customers according to their specifications: our Foundry and our Codebase.

•Our Foundry is a highly automated, yet flexible, lab powered by proprietary automation and software to enable flexibility and scale. The Foundry automates lab workflows at high levels of abstraction, enabling users to generate potentially valuable datasets labeling broad genetic sequence design space with a wide range of functional data through modular design-build-test-learn cycles or campaigns. Our scale economic means that the Foundry’s capacity to perform more and more diverse campaigns grows while the cost per campaign decreases. We call this scaling factor Knight’s Law.

•Our Codebase is a data asset which accumulates as we operate our Foundry in service of customer projects. Our Codebase includes vast amounts of data at different levels of characterization and usability in engineering projects, including: proprietary libraries of genetic sequence data that can be used for pretraining large language models via unsupervised learning, experimental data for fine tuning task-specific generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) models, as well as sequences and optimized host cells that can be directly reusable for different applications of cell engineering.

As the platform scales, we have observed a virtuous cycle between our Foundry, our Codebase, and the value we deliver to customers. We believe this virtuous cycle sustains Ginkgo’s growth and differentiated value proposition.

•Foundry: As we take on more work in the Foundry, we benefit from scale economics, which over time may lead to lower program costs. We expect that these lower costs, in turn, will drive additional demand for our cell programming capabilities.

•Codebase: Cell programs also generate Codebase, which can drive better experimental direction and improve the odds of technical success, further increasing our customer value proposition, which we believe will result in additional demand.

Put simply: we believe that as we scale, the platform improves. We believe that this in turn yields better program execution and customer outcomes, ultimately driving more demand, which drives further investments in scale and platform improvements, and so on. We believe this positive feedback loop has the potential to drive compounding value creation in

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the future, as new programs typically contribute to both near-term revenues and have the potential to add significant downstream economics and more positive impact.

Our cell programming business model mirrors the structure of our platform and we are compensated in two primary ways. First, we charge usage fees for services, in much the same way that cloud computing companies charge usage fees for utilization of computing capacity or contract research organizations charge for services. Additionally, we negotiate a value share with our customers (typically in the form of royalties, milestones, and/or equity interests) in order to align our economics with the success of the programs enabled by our platform. As we add new programs, our portfolio of programs with this “downstream” value potential grows.

With a mission to make biology easier to engineer, we have always recognized the need to invest in biosecurity as a key component of our platform. We are building the future bioeconomy with our customers and partners, and we envision the future of biosecurity as a global immune system equipped with the capabilities to prevent, detect, and respond to biological threats. The first, critical step in realizing this future is to build a robust early warning system for biological threats—this is the primary focus of Ginkgo’s Biosecurity business.

Our biosecurity offering includes biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services internationally as well as domestically. We are currently offering biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services domestically through our partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) and XpresCheck, and internationally such as through our international programs, including those in Qatar, Rwanda and Ukraine.

We operate in two reportable business segments:

•Cell Engineering: Consists of research and development (“R&D”) services performed under collaboration and license agreements relating to our cell programming platform. Our cell programming platform includes two core assets: the Foundry, highly efficient biology lab facilities, enabled by investment in proprietary workflows, custom software, robotic automation, and data science and analytics, which is paired with our Codebase, a collection of biological “parts” and a database of biological data used to program cells. The Cell Engineering segment includes costs incurred for the development, operation, expansion and enhancement of the Foundry and Codebase. Cell Engineering revenue is derived from service fees and downstream value share in the form of milestone payments, royalties or equity interests.

•Biosecurity: Consists of our end-to-end biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services primarily provided to public health authorities. Biosecurity revenue is derived from fees for data, analytics, and services. Before the fourth quarter of 2023, Biosecurity revenue was also derived from sales of test kits.

Generating Economic Value Through Cell Programs

Our cell programming platform is a key enabling technology and source of intellectual property for our customers’ products. We earn Cell Engineering revenue for our R&D services as well as through a share of the value of products created using our platform.

We typically structure Cell Engineering revenue to include some combination of the following:

•service fees, which may comprise cash and/or non-cash consideration, in the form of:

◦upfront payments upon consummation of an agreement or other fixed payments that are generally recognized over our period of performance;

◦reimbursement for costs incurred for R&D services;

◦milestone payments upon the achievement of specified technical criteria;

plus,

•downstream value share payments in the form of:

◦milestone payments, which may comprise cash and/or non-cash consideration, upon the achievement of specified commercial criteria;

◦royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms;

◦royalties related to cost of goods sold reductions realized by our customers;

or,

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•downstream value share in the form of equity interests in our customer.

◦downstream value share in the form of equity interest appreciation is not recognized as revenue but is expected to contribute to future cash flows upon liquidation, the amount and timing of which is inherently unpredictable.

Customer arrangements which involve non-cash consideration generally fall into two categories: Platform Ventures and Structured Partnerships.

Platform Ventures

Platform Ventures enable Ginkgo to partner with leading multinationals and financial investors to form new ventures in identified market segments with potential to benefit from synthetic biology. In exchange for an equity position in the venture, we contribute license rights to our proprietary cell programming technology and intellectual property, while our partners contribute relevant industry expertise, other resources and venture funding. We also provide R&D services for which we receive cash consideration on a fixed-fee or cost-plus basis. Platform Ventures include:

Motif FoodWorks, Inc.

Founded in 2018, Motif FoodWorks, Inc. (“Motif”) was formed to focus on the application of synthetic biology to reduce the reliance on animal products in the food industry. We entered into an intellectual property contribution agreement that granted Motif rights to our intellectual property, subject to mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In return for our contribution of intellectual property and access to our platform, we received shares of common stock in Motif. The initial fair value of our common stock investment in Motif was $65.1 million which has subsequently been reduced to a carrying value of zero as a result of the allocation of losses under our accounting for equity method investments. Motif was capitalized through Series A preferred stock financings that raised approximately $119 million in gross proceeds from an investor group which included certain of our investors, Louis Dreyfus Company and Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited. In June 2021, Motif raised an additional $226 million through a Series B preferred stock financing. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with Motif under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed-fee or cost-plus fixed margin basis.

Allonnia, LLC

Founded in 2019, Allonnia, LLC (“Allonnia”) was formed to focus on the application of synthetic biology in the waste bioremediation and biorecovery industries. We entered into an intellectual property contribution agreement that granted Allonnia rights to our intellectual property, subject to mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In return for our contribution of intellectual property and access to our platform, we received common units in Allonnia with a right to additional units subject to additional closings of Allonnia’s Series A preferred units. The initial fair value of our common units received in Allonnia was $24.5 million, subsequently increased by $12.7 million in 2021, all of which has been reduced to a carrying value of zero as a result of the allocation of losses under our accounting for equity method investments. Allonnia was capitalized through Series A preferred unit financings that raised approximately $52 million in gross proceeds from an investor group which included certain of our investors and Battelle Memorial Institute. In 2023, Allonnia raised an additional $30 million through a Series A extension. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with Allonnia under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis.

Arcaea, LLC

Founded in 2021, Arcaea, LLC (“Arcaea”) was formed to focus on the application of synthetic biology in the beauty and personal care products industry. In March 2021, we entered into an intellectual property contribution agreement that granted Arcaea rights to our intellectual property, subject to mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In return for our contribution of intellectual property and access to our platform, we received common units in Arcaea with a right to additional units subject to additional closings of Arcaea’s Series A preferred units. The initial fair value of our common units received in Arcaea was $11.9 million which has subsequently been reduced to a carrying value of zero as a result of the allocation of losses under our accounting for equity method investments. Arcaea was capitalized through a Series A preferred unit financing that raised approximately $77 million in gross proceeds from an investor group which included certain of our investors, CHANEL and Givaudan. Upon the closing of the Series A preferred unit financing in July 2021, we received an additional 5.2 million common units in Arcaea. The fair value of our Arcaea common units received in July 2021 of $35.5 million has subsequently been reduced to a carrying value of zero as a result of the allocation of losses under

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our accounting for equity method investments. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with Arcaea under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis.

Ayana Bio, LLC

Founded in September 2021, Ayana Bio, LLC (“Ayana”) was formed to identify and design new bioactive compounds for use as complementary medicine to support human health and wellness. Ayana was capitalized through a Series A funding that raised $30 million in gross proceeds from an investor group comprising certain of our investors. We hold an interest in 9.0 million common units (representing 100% of common units at inception) of Ayana and have also provided Ayana with certain licenses to our intellectual property for use in the development or production of products that we have agreed to research and develop under technical development plans. Prior to the third quarter of 2022, we consolidated Ayana as a variable interest entity. In the third quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated Ayana and began accounting for our retained investment in Ayana as an equity method investment. The initial carrying value of the equity method investment in Ayana was equal to the fair value of our retained interest of $16.0 million as of the deconsolidation date which has been subsequently reduced to a carrying value of zero due to a basis difference associated with in-process research and development identified as part of the initial accounting for the equity method investment. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with Ayana under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis.

Verb Biotics, LLC

Founded in September 2021, Verb Biotics, LLC (“Verb”) was formed to identify and design new strains of probiotic bacteria with advanced properties for human nutrition, health, and wellness. Verb was capitalized through a Series A funding that raised $30 million in gross proceeds from an investor group comprising certain of our investors. We hold an interest in 9.0 million common units (representing 100% of common units at inception) of Verb and have also provided Verb with certain licenses to our intellectual property for use in the development or production of products that we have agreed to research and develop under technical development plans. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, we consolidated Verb as a variable interest entity. In the first quarter of 2022, we deconsolidated Verb and began accounting for our retained investment in Verb as an equity method investment. The initial carrying value of the equity method investment in Verb was equal to the fair value of our retained interest of $15.9 million as of the deconsolidation date which has been subsequently reduced to a carrying value of zero due to a basis difference associated with in-process research and development identified as part of the initial accounting for the equity method investment. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with Verb under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis.

BiomEdit, LLC

Founded in April 2022, BiomEdit, LLC (“BiomEdit”) was formed to discover, design and develop novel probiotics, microbiome derived bioactives and engineered microbial medicines in the animal health industry. BiomEdit was capitalized through a Series A preferred unit financing that raised approximately $32.5 million in gross proceeds from an investor group which included one of our investors. In April 2022, we entered into an intellectual property contribution agreement that granted BiomEdit rights to our intellectual property, subject to mutually agreed upon technical development plans and, in return, we received 3.9 million voting common units in BiomEdit. In addition, Elanco Animal Health also contributed intellectual property in exchange for 3.9 million non-voting common units in BiomEdit. The initial fair value of our common units received in BiomEdit was $8.9 million, subsequently increased by $1.1 million in the first quarter of 2023, all of which has been reduced to a carrying value of zero as a result of the allocation of losses under our accounting for equity method investments. Ginkgo also entered into a Technical Development Agreement with BiomEdit under which we provide R&D services in return for cash consideration on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis.

Structured Partnerships

Structured Partnerships allow Ginkgo to: (i) partner with early stage synthetic biology product companies to adopt our Foundry as their cell programming R&D platform, in which we offer flexible commercial terms on the service fees including the ability to pay a portion or all of such upfront fees in the form of non-cash consideration (convertible financial instruments and/or equity securities), in addition to downstream value share consideration (“Startup Structured Partnership”); and (ii) partner with existing entities with complementary assets for high potential synthetic biology applications in a large-scale, multi-program collaboration (“Legacy Structured Partnership”). In the three months ended March 31, 2023, we entered into four Startup Structured Partnerships and received prepayments of service fees in the form

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of equity securities or convertible financial instruments in the amount of $15.9 million that is recognized as revenue over our period of performance. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we did not enter into any new Startup Structured Partnerships. Our Legacy Structured Partnerships are described below:

Genomatica, Inc.

Genomatica, Inc. (“Genomatica”) is a biotechnology company specializing in the development and manufacturing of intermediate and specialty chemicals from both sugar and alternative feedstocks. In 2016 and 2018, we acquired preferred stock in Genomatica with an aggregate investment value of $55.0 million in exchange for cash and committed R&D services. The carrying value of the investment was $11.9 million as of March 31, 2024, reflective of impairment losses recognized through that date.

Synlogic, Inc.

Synlogic, Inc. (“Synlogic”) is a publicly traded clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing drug discovery and development for synthetic biology-derived medicines. In 2019, we entered into several agreements with Synlogic whereby we purchased Synlogic common stock and warrants to purchase Synlogic common stock and agreed to provide R&D services to Synlogic. At inception, the fair value of Synlogic common stock and warrants was recorded at $35.8 million and $14.4 million, respectively. On February 8, 2024, Synlogic announced its decision to cease operations and evaluate strategic options for the company. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of Synlogic common stock and warrants was $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

See Note 4 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details of our investments in and the material terms of our agreements with our Platform Ventures and Structured Partnerships.

Key Business Metrics

A cell program (or “program”) is the work we do for our customers to enable their product(s) of interest. Programs are defined by a technical development plan or objective. We generally exclude proof-of-concept projects and other exploratory work undertaken on a customer’s behalf from the program count. In the near-term, programs typically deliver multi-year revenue from service fees. Over the long-term, program growth drives a physical infrastructure scale economic through our Foundry, a data and learning scale economic through our Codebase and accumulation of potential downstream value share. Our key business metrics comprise New Programs, Current Active Programs, and Cumulative Programs.


	Three Months Ended March 31,		LTM (1)
	2024	2023	2024
New Programs	17	13	82
Current Active Programs	140	97	166
Cumulative Programs	259	177	259

(1)Last twelve months ended March 31, 2024.

New Programs

New Programs represent the number of unique programs commenced within the reporting period. As new programs typically have multi-year durations, we view this metric as an indication of future Cell Engineering revenue growth.

Current Active Programs

Current Active Programs represent the number of unique programs for which we performed R&D services in the reporting period. We view this metric as an indication of current period and future Cell Engineering revenue.

Cumulative Programs

Cumulative Programs represent the cumulative number of unique programs Ginkgo has commenced. We view this metric as an indication of our competitive advantage and as a leading indicator of the mid- to long-term potential economic value derived from downstream value share arrangements. The cumulative number of programs also contributes to Codebase,

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which accumulates with each additional program we conduct over time and drives better experimental direction and improves the odds of technical success in current and future programs.

We believe the preceding metrics are important to understand our current business. These metrics may change or be substituted for additional or different metrics as our business develops. For example, as our program mix changes, our data gathering abilities expand or our understanding of key business drivers develops, we anticipate updating these metrics or their definitions to reflect such changes.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Cell Engineering Revenue

We generate Cell Engineering revenue through the execution of license and collaboration agreements whereby customers obtain license rights to our proprietary technology and intellectual property for use in the development and commercialization of engineered organisms and derived products. Under these agreements, we typically provide R&D services for cell programming with the goal of producing an engineered cell that meets a mutually agreed specification. Our customers obtain license rights to the output of our services, which are primarily the optimized strains or cell lines, in order to manufacture and commercialize products derived from that licensed strain or cell line. Generally, the terms of these agreements provide that we receive some combination of: (1) service fees in the form of (i) upfront payments upon consummation of the agreement or other fixed payments, (ii) reimbursement for costs incurred for R&D services and (iii) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified technical criteria, plus (2) downstream value share payments in the form of (i) milestone payments upon the achievement of specified commercial criteria, (ii) royalties on sales of products from or comprising engineered organisms arising from the collaboration or licensing agreement and (iii) royalties related to cost of goods sold reductions realized by our customers. Royalties did not comprise a material amount of our revenue during any of the periods presented.

Cell Engineering revenue includes transactions with Platform Ventures and Legacy Structured Partnerships where, as part of these transactions, we received an equity interest in such entities. Specifically related to the Platform Ventures, in these transactions, we received upfront non-cash consideration in the form of common equity interests in these entities, while the Platform Ventures each received cash equity investments from strategic partners and financial investors. We view the upfront non-cash consideration as prepayments for licenses which will be granted in the future as we complete mutually agreed upon technical development plans. In these instances, we also receive cash consideration for the R&D services performed by us on a fixed fee or cost-plus basis. We are not compensated through additional milestone or royalty payments under these arrangements. Our transactions with Genomatica and Synlogic included the purchase of equity securities and the provision of R&D services. As we perform R&D services under the mutually agreed upon development plans, we recognize a reduction in the prefunded obligation on a cost-plus basis. These arrangements are further described in Notes 4, 5, and 13 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cell Engineering revenue also includes transactions with Startup Structured Partnerships where, as part of these transactions, we received upfront non-cash consideration in the form of current equity interests or financial instruments that are convertible into equity upon a triggering event. We grant the customer a prepaid Cell Engineering services credit in exchange for the upfront non-cash consideration, which can be drawn down as payment for R&D services performed under mutually agreed upon development plans.

Downstream value share in the form of equity interest appreciation is not recognized as revenue but is expected to contribute to future cash flows upon liquidation, the amount and timing of which is inherently unpredictable. The initial fair market value of the equity interests received may also decrease after contract inception and the amount of cash proceeds eventually realized may be less than the revenue recognized. Equity investments are accounted for under the equity method, cost method or are carried at fair value.

Biosecurity Revenue

We offer biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services internationally as well as domestically. We are currently offering biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services domestically through our partnerships with the CDC and XpresCheck, and internationally through our international programs, including those in Qatar, Rwanda and Ukraine. We are also engaged in a series of smaller partnerships that generate revenues through biosecurity services and R&D.

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We generate service revenue through the sale of our end-to-end biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services. These service offerings generally consist of multiple promised goods and services including, but not limited to, sample collection, sample storage and transportation, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through a web-based portal, analytical reporting of results, and overall program management. Before the fourth quarter of 2023, we generated product revenue by selling lateral flow assay (“LFA”) diagnostic test kits, polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) sample collection kits, and pooled test kits associated with COVID-19 tests to customers on a standalone basis.

In general, these agreements stipulate that we are entitled to compensation for service revenue as services are performed and for product revenue upon delivery of diagnostic test kits. The timing of revenue recognition depends on the identified performance obligations but is generally recognized ratably over time or as results are reported to the customer.

Costs and Operating Expenses

Cost of Biosecurity Product Revenue

Before the fourth quarter of 2023, cost of Biosecurity product revenue consisted of costs associated with the sale of diagnostic and sample collection test kits, which included costs incurred to purchase test kits from third parties.

Cost of Biosecurity Service Revenue

The cost of Biosecurity service revenue consists of costs related to our end-to-end pathogen testing, sequencing, and analysis services. This includes costs incurred for sample collection equipment and materials, outsourced laboratory analysis, access to results reported through our proprietary web-based portal, and reporting of results to public health authorities. Additionally, the cost of Biosecurity service revenue includes direct labor cost associated with bioinformatics, lab network management, delivery logistics, and customer support.

Research and Development Expenses

The nature of our business, and primary focus of our activities, generates a significant amount of R&D expenses. R&D expenses represent costs incurred by us for the following:

•development, operation, expansion and enhancement of our Foundry and Codebase; and

•development of new offerings, such as Biosecurity.

The activities above incur the following expenses:

•laboratory supplies, consumables and related services provided under agreements with third parties and in-licensing arrangements;

•personnel compensation and benefits; and

•rent, facilities, depreciation, software, professional fees and other direct and allocated overhead expenses.

We expense R&D costs as incurred. As we grow our active programs and customer base and invest in our Foundry and Codebase through organic and inorganic growth initiatives, we anticipate that our R&D expenses will continue to increase. The nature, timing, and estimated costs required to support our growth will be dependent on advances in technology, our ability to attract new customers and the rate of market penetration within our existing customer industries.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses consist primarily of costs for personnel in executive, business development, finance, human resources, legal and other corporate administrative functions. G&A expenses also include professional legal services fees and costs incurred relating to litigation, corporate, intellectual property and patent matters, professional fees incurred for accounting, auditing, tax and administrative consulting services, insurance costs, facility-related costs not otherwise included in R&D expenses, and asset impairments.

We anticipate that our G&A expenses attributable to organic business activities will either remain consistent or decline in 2024 as compared to 2023, reflecting a stabilization in our operational overhead. Conversely, we intend to maintain a strategic and opportunistic approach regarding inorganic G&A expenses arising from mergers, acquisitions, and other inorganic growth initiatives.

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Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net consists primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

Loss on Equity Method Investments

Loss on equity method investments includes our share of losses from certain of our equity method investments under the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method.

Loss on Investments

Loss on investments includes the change in fair value of our marketable equity securities in publicly traded companies and impairment losses recognized on non-marketable equity securities in privately held companies.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities includes the change in fair value of private placement warrants (“Private Placement Warrants”) and publicly traded warrants (“Public Warrants”), which are classified as liabilities and were assumed as part of the SRNG Business Combination. Warrant liabilities are marked to market at each balance sheet date.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net primarily consists of sublease rent income and changes in fair value of notes receivable that we elected to account for under the fair value option.

Provision for Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is recorded if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. For all periods presented, we have recorded a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized.

We account for uncertain tax positions using a more-likely-than-not threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors, including, but not limited to, changes in the law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position.

Income taxes are determined at the applicable tax rates adjusted for non-deductible expenses, R&D tax credits and other permanent differences. Our income tax provision may be significantly affected by changes to our estimates.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table presents the result of operations for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		Change
Cell Engineering revenue	$	27,889	$	34,096	$	(6,207)
Biosecurity revenue:
Product	—		11,666		(11,666)
Service	10,055		34,940		(24,885)
Total revenue	37,944		80,702		(42,758)
Costs and operating expenses:
Cost of Biosecurity product revenue	—		4,541		(4,541)
Cost of Biosecurity service revenue	9,202		17,834		(8,632)
Research and development (1)	136,457		162,639		(26,182)
General and administrative (1)	70,287		111,433		(41,146)
Total operating expenses	215,946		296,447		(80,501)
Loss from operations	(178,002)		(215,745)		37,743
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	11,711		14,545		(2,834)
Loss on equity method investments	—		(1,449)		1,449
Loss on investments	(2,544)		(6,370)		3,826
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	940		1,204		(264)
Other income, net	2,015		2,928		(913)
Total other income (expense)	12,122		10,858		1,264
Loss before income taxes	(165,880)		(204,887)		39,007
Income tax expense	31		82		(51)
Net loss	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)	$	39,058

(1)Total stock-based compensation expense, inclusive of employer payroll taxes, was allocated as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	24,120	$	47,541
General and administrative	18,277		27,659
Total	$	42,397	$	75,200

Cell Engineering Revenue

Cell Engineering revenue decreased $6.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to timing of programs completed prior to the current period partially offset by overall progress on Current Active Programs.

As discussed above in Components of Results of Operations, Cell Engineering revenue comprises both cash and non-cash consideration. Cell Engineering revenue recognized relating to non-cash consideration decreased from $13.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $3.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to a shift in focus on signing new programs with cash consideration.

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In the first quarter of 2024, 17 New Programs commenced, compared to 13 New Programs in the first quarter of 2023. The number of Current Active Programs rose to 140, compared to 97 in the prior year period. Cumulative Programs increased to 259 from 177 over the same period. Additionally, the number of customers grew to 82, up from 60 in the prior year period.

While the majority of Cell Engineering revenue today is made up of service fees, as we increase Cumulative Programs and to the extent our customers successfully commercialize products built on our platform, downstream value share is expected to comprise a larger proportion of Cell Engineering revenue. Downstream value share in the form of equity interest appreciation is not recognized as revenue but is expected to contribute to future cash flows upon liquidation, the amount and timing of which is inherently unpredictable. The initial fair market value of the equity interests received may also decrease after contract inception and the amount of cash proceeds eventually realized may be less than the revenue recognized.

Biosecurity Revenue

Biosecurity revenue decreased $36.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 and was comprised of a decrease in product revenue of $11.7 million and a decrease in service revenue of $24.9 million.

Since the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency in May 2023, we shifted our Biosecurity business focus to developing scalable biosecurity infrastructure and delivering global surveillance programs and analytics services. Biosecurity revenue in the first quarter of 2024 was comprised of our expanded offerings of biomonitoring and bioinformatic support services. Through our partnerships, we operate programs for collections, testing, sequencing, and insights delivery on pathogen samples in different countries.

Cost of Biosecurity Product and Service Revenue

Cost of Biosecurity product and service revenue decreased $13.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was driven by the end of our COVID-19 testing in schools in the third quarter of 2023 and the transition of our Biosecurity business to global surveillance programs and analytic services.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased $26.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $23.4 million (inclusive of employer payroll taxes) and the deconsolidation of our former subsidiary, Zymergen Inc. (“Zymergen”), in the fourth quarter of 2023 ($17.2 million). Further, there was a decrease in professional fees of $4.8 million and non-capitalized equipment purchases and maintenance costs of $2.0 million. This was partially offset by increases in acquired in-process research and development costs of $16.9 million, software and technology expense of $3.6 million and personnel-related compensation and benefits expense of $1.3 million. Increases in research and development expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense and the Zymergen deconsolidation, supported the growth of Cell Engineering capabilities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $41.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to the deconsolidation of Zymergen ($20.1 million) and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $9.4 million (inclusive of employer payroll taxes). Further, there were decreases in professional fees and litigation costs of $8.3 million, the change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions of $6.1 million, and depreciation and amortization expenses of $1.7 million, partially offset by increases in personnel-related compensation and benefits expense of $5.0 million.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net decreased $2.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower average cash balances in interest bearing accounts.

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Loss on Equity Method Investments

Loss on equity method investments was zero and $1.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The loss in the prior period was primarily due to a $1.5 million loss on our equity method investment in BiomEdit, representing our share of the investee’s losses under the HLBV method and the fair value of the additional equity we received in BiomEdit of $1.1 million in the first quarter of 2023, which was reduced to zero during the period as a result of the application of the HLBV method.

Under the HLBV method, we absorb losses as a common unit holder prior to preferred unit holders due to a substantive profit-sharing agreement where the preferred unit holders receive preferential distribution rights. Because we have no commitment to fund the losses of our equity method investees, no further losses on these investments were recognized during the periods presented.

Loss on Investments

Loss on investments was $2.5 million and $6.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change of $3.8 million was due to fluctuations in the stock prices of marketable equity securities and a $3.4 million increase in impairment losses recognized on our non-marketable equity securities.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

We recognized gains of $0.9 million and $1.2 million on the change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities is primarily driven by changes in the value of our common stock. Increases or decreases in the value of our common stock results in a loss or gain, respectively, on the change in fair value of warrant liabilities.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net decreased $0.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to a $2.4 million decrease in sublease rent income primarily as a result of the deconsolidation of Zymergen, offset by a $1.3 million increase in the gain on the change in fair value of convertible notes.

Non-GAAP Information

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we use earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA internally to evaluate our performance and make financial and operational decisions. We believe these non-GAAP measures, when viewed with our GAAP results, may be helpful to investors in assessing our operating performance.

We define EBITDA as net loss attributable to Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. stockholders before the impact of interest income, interest expense, provision for income taxes and depreciation and amortization.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, gain or loss on equity method investments, gain or loss on investments, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, gain or loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries, transaction and integration costs associated with planned, completed or terminated mergers and acquisitions, including related litigation costs, acquired in-process research and development expenses, impairment charges, costs associated with the bankruptcy filing of our former subsidiary, Zymergen (the “Zymergen Bankruptcy”), and other income and expenses. We believe that the use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends because it eliminates the effect of financing activities, investing activities, and certain non-cash charges and other items that are not related to our core operating performance or affect comparability period over period.

Our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by future income or future expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. Our computation of these measures, especially Adjusted EBITDA, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies because not all companies calculate these measures in the same way. We compensate for these limitations by providing a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

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The following table reconciles net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net loss	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Interest income, net	(11,711)		(14,545)
Income tax expense	31		82
Depreciation and amortization	12,869		18,958
EBITDA	(164,722)		(200,474)
Stock-based compensation (1)	42,397		75,200
Loss on equity method investments	—		1,449
Loss on investments	2,544		6,370
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(940)		(1,204)
Merger and acquisition related expenses (2)	19,265		18,662
Change in fair value of convertible notes	1,326		(44)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(100,130)	$	(100,041)

(1)Includes $1.6 million and $2.2 million in employer payroll taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2)Represents transaction and integration costs directly related to mergers and acquisitions, including: (i) due diligence, legal, consulting and accounting fees associated with acquisitions, (ii) post-acquisition employee retention bonuses and severance payments, (iii) the fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities resulting from acquisitions, (iv) acquired intangible assets expensed as in-process research and development, and (v) costs associated with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, as well as securities litigation costs, net of insurance recovery.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Upon the closing of our merger with SRNG in September 2021, we received net proceeds totaling approximately $1,509.6 million, inclusive of $760.0 million from investments from certain accredited investors for 76 million shares of our Class A common stock. As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $840.4 million, which we believe will be sufficient to enable us to fund our projected operations through at least the next 12 months from the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Material Cash Requirements

We anticipate that our expenditures will exceed our revenue through at least the next 12 months from the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as we:

•continue our R&D, activities under existing and new programs and further invest in our Foundry and Codebase;

•develop and expand our offerings, including Biosecurity;

•upgrade and expand our operational, financial and management systems and support our operations;

•acquire and integrate companies, assets or intellectual property that advance our company objectives; and

•maintain, expand, and protect our intellectual property.

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Other than as noted below, there have been no significant changes to our material cash requirements during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the material cash requirements disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

On May 9, 2024, in connection with our plans to reduce operational expenditures, we approved a plan for restructuring actions, including an expected reduction in labor expenses of at least 25% and a planned consolidation of certain of our facilities. Initial headcount reductions are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2024 and be substantially completed in 2025, subject to local laws. We expect a reduction in annualized run-rate operating expenditures of $200 million by mid-2025, with a substantial portion of such reduction occurring in 2024. The aggregate expected costs and overall timing for completion of the restructuring plan is not yet known.

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash flows for each period presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash used in:
Operating activities	$	(89,259)	$	(90,585)
Investing activities	(12,110)		(19,414)
Financing activities	(845)		(888)
Effect of exchange rate changes	(157)		(26)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(102,371)	$	(110,913)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 consisted of net loss of $165.9 million, adjusted for net change in operating assets and liabilities of $0.3 million and non-cash charges of $76.3 million. The net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to (i) a $6.8 million increase in accounts receivable, (ii) a $10.9 million increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, partially offset by (iii) a $2.9 million decrease in deferred revenue and (iv) a $4.1 million decrease in operating lease liabilities from rent payments. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of $12.9 million of depreciation and amortization, $40.8 million of stock-based compensation, $16.8 million of in-process research and development expense from asset acquisitions, and $5.6 million of non-cash lease expense.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of net loss of $205.0 million, adjusted for net change in operating assets and liabilities of $1.5 million and non-cash charges of $112.9 million. The net change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to (i) a $7.4 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets, (ii) a $19.1 million increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, partially offset by (iii) a $17.2 million decrease in deferred revenue and (iv) a $8.5 million decrease in operating lease liabilities from rent payments. Non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of $19.0 million of depreciation and amortization, $73.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, $7.8 million loss on investments including equity method investments, $5.2 million loss on the change in fair value of contingent consideration liability, partially offset by $1.2 million gain on the change in fair value of warrant liabilities.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $6.7 million associated with Foundry capacity and capability investments and $5.4 million paid for the acquisition of Zymergen.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $19.4 million associated with Foundry capacity and capability investments.

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Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily consisted of principal payments on finance leases and payments of contingent consideration related to business acquisitions.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of principal payments on finance leases and payments of equity issuance costs.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as compared to the critical accounting estimates disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of our condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because our cash equivalents are invested in short-term U.S. Treasury obligations. However, because of the short-term nature of the instruments in our portfolio, an immediate change in market interest rates of 100 basis points would not have a material impact on the fair market value of our cash and cash equivalents or on our financial position or results of operations.

Foreign Currency Fluctuation Risk

We are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk from the translation of the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries, whose financial condition and results of operations are reported in their local currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable currency exchange rate for inclusion in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Foreign currency translation (loss) gain was $(3.0) million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Foreign currency translation adjustments are accounted for as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. Additionally, we have contracted with and may continue to contract with foreign vendors. We do not believe that an immediate 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would have a material effect on operating results or financial condition.

Inflation Fluctuation Risk

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor, laboratory supplies, consumables and equipment. We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the material weakness previously identified in Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 is still present as of March 31, 2024. Based on the material

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weaknesses, and the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2024.

Notwithstanding the identified material weakness, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in conformity with GAAP.

Remediation of the Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

With oversight of the Audit Committee, we continue to be engaged in remediation efforts to address the material weakness described above and enhance our control environment, including our internal control over financial reporting. We expect to continue remediation efforts during the remainder of fiscal year 2024. In addition, until remediation steps have been completed and are operated for a sufficient period of time, and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness is completed, the material weakness previously disclosed will continue to exist. Our ongoing remediation efforts include:

•Continued employee training related to internal control over financial reporting specifically focused on data used in the operation of management review controls and the execution of management review controls with an appropriate level of precision and appropriate documentation of the identification and resolution of follow-up items;

•Implementation and enhancement of control activities, including automation of certain control processes; and

•Development of other tools and enablers, including increasing the standardization of control support and documentation.

Management and our board of directors are committed to the remediation of the material weakness described above, as well as the continued improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to implement measures to remedy our internal control deficiencies, and we will continue to assess our internal controls and procedures and take further action as necessary or appropriate to address any other matters we identify.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except as otherwise noted above under “Remediation of the Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” including the ongoing remediation efforts described, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our plans for remediating the material weakness described above will constitute changes in our internal control over financial reporting when such remediation plans are effectively implemented.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company may in the ordinary course of business be named as a defendant in lawsuits, indemnity claims and other legal proceedings. The Company does not believe any pending litigation to be material, or that the outcome of any such pending litigation, in management’s judgment based on information currently available, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

See Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to all of the information regarding risk factors that appears in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on February 29, 2024, before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results could decline due to any of these risks and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Our restructuring actions that were publicly announced on May 9, 2024, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce operational expenditures, may not result in anticipated savings, could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected and could disrupt our business.

On May 9, 2024, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce operational expenditures, management approved a plan for restructuring actions, including an expected reduction in labor expenses of at least 25% and a planned consolidation of certain of its facilities. Initial headcount reductions are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2024 and be substantially completed in 2025, subject to local laws. The aggregate expected costs and overall timing for completion of the restructuring plan is not yet known, and could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected and could disrupt our business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On February 23, 2024, we issued a total of 986,299 shares of our Class A common stock to certain former equity holders of Altar SAS, valued at approximately $1.4 million, in connection with achievement of a certain milestone, in a private placement transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

On February 23, 2024, we issued a total of 1,832,172 shares of our Class A common stock to Reverie Labs, Inc. (“Reverie”), valued at approximately $2.4 million, as consideration in connection with the acquisition of certain infrastructure and software assets from Reverie, in a private placement transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

On March 7 and March 26, 2024, we issued 11,179,115 and 121,557 shares of our Class A common stock, respectively, to certain sellers of Patch Biosciences, Inc. (“Patch”), valued at approximately $14.4 million, as consideration in connection with the acquisition by merger of Patch, in a private placement transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

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Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit Number						Description
3.1						Certificate of Incorporation of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2021).
3.2						Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 20, 2021).
3.3						Bylaws of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 27, 2023).
10.1*						Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2024 Founder Award Program, granted under the Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. 2021 Incentive Award Plan.
31.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

___________________________

*Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Jason Kelly
		Name: Jason Kelly
		Title: Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Mark Dmytruk
		Name: Mark Dmytruk
		Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Steven Coen
		Name: Steven Coen
		Title: Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)


GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC. 2021 INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

STOCK OPTION GRANT NOTICE

Capitalized terms not specifically defined in this Stock Option Grant Notice (the “Grant Notice”) have the meanings given to them in the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (as amended from time to time, the “Plan”) of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”).

The Company has granted to the participant listed below (“Participant”) an option (the “Option”) to purchase up to the number of Shares set forth below in this Grant Notice, subject to the terms and conditions of this Grant Notice, and the Plan and the Stock Option Agreement attached as Exhibit A and the Stock Option Vesting Schedule attached as Exhibit B (together with Exhibit A, the “Agreement”), both of which are incorporated into this Grant Notice by reference.


Participant:			[_____]
Grant Date:			April 25, 2024
Exercise Price per Share:			$2.50
Shares Subject to the Option:			5,000,000
Final Expiration Date:			April 25, 2034
Vesting Schedule:			The Option will vest in accordance with Exhibit B hereto.
Type of Option:			Non-Qualified Stock Option

By Participant’s signature below, Participant agrees to be bound by the terms of this Grant Notice, the Plan and the Agreement. Participant has reviewed the Plan, this Grant Notice and the Agreement in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Grant Notice and fully understands all provisions of the Plan, this Grant Notice and the Agreement. Participant hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Administrator upon any questions arising under the Plan, this Grant Notice or the Agreement. If Participant does not click the “Accept” or “Reject” grant button on the Fidelity platform (or otherwise return an executed copy of this Grant Notice to the Company) by June 15, 2024 (unless a later date is determined by the Company), Participant will be deemed to have accepted this Option. Further, any exercise of the Option issued pursuant to this Grant Notice and Agreement shall constitute Participant’s acceptance of the Option and agreement with all terms and conditions of the Option, as set forth in the Plan, the Agreement and this Grant Notice.


GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC.						PARTICIPANT


By:
Name:						[_____]
Title:

Exhibit A

STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Capitalized terms not specifically defined in this Agreement have the meanings specified in the Grant Notice or, if not defined in the Grant Notice, in the Plan.

ARTICLE I.
GENERAL

1.1 Grant of Option. The Company has granted to Participant the Option effective as of the grant date set forth in the Grant Notice (the “Grant Date”).

1.2 Incorporation of Terms of Plan. The Option is subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan, which is incorporated herein by reference. In the event of any inconsistency between the Plan and this Agreement, the terms of the Plan will control. Shares issued pursuant to this Option will be issued as Class A Common Stock. Common Stock issued pursuant to this Option will be subject to the provisions of the Charter regarding the conversion of shares of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock, and the Company may provide for the exchange of any Class A Common Stock issued pursuant to this Option for Class B Common Stock, on such terms and conditions as determined by the Company in its sole discretion.

ARTICLE II.
PERIOD OF EXERCISABILITY

2.1 Commencement of Exercisability. The Option will become eligible to vest and become exercisable according to the vesting schedule set forth in Exhibit B to the Grant Notice (the “Vesting Schedule”) except that any fraction of a Share as to which the Option would be vested or exercisable will be accumulated and will vest and become exercisable only when a whole Share has accumulated. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Participant may elect to early exercise all or a portion of the Option for shares of unvested Restricted Stock having the same vesting terms that apply to the Option, subject to execution of an Award Agreement in a form provided to Participant by the Company and on such procedures as may be established by the Company. Except as expressly set forth in Exhibit B to the Grant Notice, or as otherwise determined by the Administrator, the Option will immediately expire and be forfeited as to any portion that is not vested and exercisable as of Participant’s Termination of Service for any reason.

2.2 Duration of Exercisability. The Vesting Schedule is cumulative. Any portion of the Option that vests and becomes exercisable will remain vested and exercisable until the Option expires as set forth in Section 2.3 below. The Option will be forfeited immediately upon its expiration.

2.3 Expiration of Option. The Option may not be exercised to any extent by anyone after, and will expire on, the first of the following to occur:

(a)The final expiration date in the Grant Notice;

(b)Except as the Administrator may otherwise approve, the expiration of three (3) months from the date of Participant’s Termination of Service, unless Participant’s Termination of Service is for: (i) willful failure to perform Participant’s assigned duties for the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) material breach of any agreement to which Participant and the Company or any Subsidiary are parties, (iii) any act (other than retirement) or omission to act by Participant which

may have a material and adverse effect on the business of the Company or any Subsidiary or on Participant’s ability to perform services for the Company or any Subsidiary, including, without limitation, the commission of any crime (other than minor traffic violations) or (iv) any material misconduct or neglect of duties by Participant in connection with the business or affairs of the Company or any Subsidiary (clauses (i) through (iv), “Cause”), or by reason of Participant’s death or Disability;

(c)Except as the Administrator may otherwise approve, the expiration of one (1) year from the date of Participant’s Termination of Service by reason of Participant’s death or Disability; and

(d)Except as the Administrator may otherwise approve, Participant’s Termination of Service for Cause.

ARTICLE II.
EXERCISE OF OPTION; HOLDING PERIOD

3.1 Person Eligible to Exercise. During Participant’s lifetime, only Participant may exercise the Option. After Participant’s death, any exercisable portion of the Option may, prior to the time the Option expires, be exercised by Participant’s Designated Beneficiary as provided in the Plan.

3.2 Partial Exercise. Any exercisable portion of the Option or the entire Option, if then wholly exercisable, may be exercised, in whole or in part, according to the procedures in the Plan or as otherwise provided for by the Administrator at any time prior to the time the Option or portion thereof expires, except that the Option may only be exercised for whole Shares.

3.3 Post-Termination Holding Period. In the event of a Termination of Service for any reason other than a Termination of Service without Cause or by reason of Participant’s death or Disability, Participant will be subject to a holding period through the one (1)-year anniversary of the date of Participant’s Termination of Service, such that Participant may not sell any Shares acquired upon exercise of the Option, net of any Shares held back by the Company or otherwise disposed of by Participant in satisfaction of the Exercise Price or any tax withholding associated with the exercise of the Option, during such time. In the event of a Change in Control during such holding period, the holding period will automatically and immediately expire immediately prior to such Change in Control and will be of no further effect.

ARTICLE IV.
TAXATION AND WITHHOLDING

4.1 Representation. Participant represents to the Company that Participant has reviewed with Participant’s own tax advisors the tax consequences of the Option and the transactions contemplated by the Grant Notice and this Agreement. Participant is relying solely on such advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its agents.

4.2 Tax Withholding.

(a)To the extent that the grant, vesting or exercise of the Option results in compensation income or wages to Participant for U.S. federal, state, local and/or non-U.S. tax purposes, Participant shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Company regarding the payment of, any income tax, social insurance contribution or other applicable taxes that are required to be

withheld in respect of the Option. The Company shall be permitted to use any of the methods permitted under Section 9.5 of the Plan to satisfy any tax withholding in connection with this Award, without the need for Participant’s consent.

(b)Participant acknowledges and agrees that Participant is ultimately liable and responsible for all taxes owed in connection with the Option, regardless of any action the Company or any Subsidiary takes with respect to any tax withholding obligations that arise in connection with the Option. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary makes any representation or undertaking regarding the treatment of any tax withholding in connection with any aspect of the Option, including the grant, vesting or exercise of the Option, the subsequent sale of Shares acquired upon exercise of the Option and the receipt of any dividends in respect of such Shares. The Company and the Subsidiaries do not commit and are under no obligation to structure the terms or any aspect of the Option to reduce or eliminate Participant’s tax liability.

4.3 Section 280G. If any payment or benefit that a Participant may receive, whether or not in respect of the Option (“Payment”), would (a) constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (b) but for this sentence, be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then such Payment shall be reduced to the Reduced Amount. The “Reduced Amount” shall be either (i) the largest portion of the Payment that would result in no portion of the Payment being subject to the Excise Tax or (ii) the largest portion, up to and including the total amount, of the Payment, whichever of the amounts determined under (i) and (ii), after taking into account all applicable federal, state and local employment taxes, income taxes, and the Excise Tax (all computed at the highest applicable marginal rate), results in Participant’s receipt, on an after-tax basis, of the greater amount of the Payment notwithstanding that all or some portion of the Payment may be subject to the Excise Tax. If a reduction in payments or benefits constituting “parachute payments” is necessary so that the Payment equals the Reduced Amount, reduction shall occur in the following order: reduction of cash payments; reduction of employee benefits; and cancellation of accelerated vesting of outstanding equity awards. In the event that acceleration of vesting of outstanding equity awards is to be reduced, such acceleration of vesting shall be undertaken in the reverse order of the date of grant of Participant’s outstanding equity awards. All calculations and determinations made pursuant this Section 4.3 will be made by an independent accounting or consulting firm or independent tax counsel appointed by the Company prior to a Change in Control (the “Tax Counsel”), whose determinations shall be conclusive and binding on the Company and Participant for all purposes. For purposes of making the calculations and determinations required by this Section 4.3, the Tax Counsel may rely on reasonable, good faith assumptions and approximations concerning the application of Section 280G of the Code and Section 4999 of the Code. The Company shall bear all costs the Tax Counsel may reasonably incur in connection with its services.

ARTICLE V.
OTHER PROVISIONS

5.1 Adjustments. Participant acknowledges that the Option is subject to adjustment, modification and termination in certain events as provided in this Agreement and the Plan.

5.2 Notices. Any notice to be given under the terms of this Agreement to the Company must be in writing and addressed to the Company in care of the Company’s Secretary at the Company’s principal office or the Secretary’s then-current email address. Any notice to be given under the terms of this Agreement to Participant must be in writing and addressed to Participant (or, if Participant is then deceased, to the person entitled to exercise the Option) at Participant’s last known mailing address or

email address in the Company’s personnel files. By a notice given pursuant to this Section, either party may designate a different address for notices to be given to that party. Any notice will be deemed duly given when actually received, when sent by email, when sent by certified mail (return receipt requested) and deposited with postage prepaid in a post office or branch post office regularly maintained by the United States Postal Service, or when delivered by a nationally recognized express shipping company.

5.3 Titles. Titles are provided herein for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Agreement.

5.4 Conformity to Securities Laws. Participant acknowledges that the Plan, the Grant Notice and this Agreement are intended to conform to the extent necessary with all Applicable Laws and, to the extent Applicable Laws permit, will be deemed amended as necessary to conform to Applicable Laws.

5.5 Successors and Assigns. The Company may assign any of its rights under this Agreement to single or multiple assignees, and this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of the Company. Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in the Plan, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.

5.6 Limitations Applicable to Section 16 Persons. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or this Agreement, if Participant is subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, the Plan, the Grant Notice, this Agreement and the Option will be subject to any additional limitations set forth in any applicable exemptive rule under Section 16 of the Exchange Act (including any amendment to Rule 16b-3) that are required for the application of such exemptive rule. To the extent Applicable Laws permit, this Agreement will be deemed amended as necessary to conform to such applicable exemptive rule.

5.7 Entire Agreement. The Plan, the Grant Notice (including any exhibits attached thereto) and this Agreement (including any exhibits attached hereto) constitute the entire agreement of the parties and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company and Participant with respect to the subject matter hereof.

5.8 Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision of the Grant Notice or this Agreement is held illegal or invalid, the provision will be severable from, and the illegality or invalidity of the provision will not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of the Grant Notice or this Agreement.

5.9 Limitation on Participant’s Rights. Participation in the Plan confers no rights or interests other than as herein provided. This Agreement creates only a contractual obligation on the part of the Company as to amounts payable and may not be construed as creating a trust. Neither the Plan nor any underlying program, in and of itself, has any assets. Participant will have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company with respect to amounts credited and benefits payable, if any, with respect to the Option, and rights no greater than the right to receive the Shares as a general unsecured creditor with respect to the Option, as and when exercised pursuant to the terms hereof.

5.10 Not a Contract of Employment. Nothing in the Plan, the Grant Notice or this Agreement confers upon Participant any right to continue in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary or interferes with or restricts in any way the rights of the Company and its Subsidiaries, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge or terminate the services of Participant at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without Cause.

5.11 Counterparts. The Grant Notice may be executed in one or more counterparts, including by way of any electronic signature, subject to Applicable Law, each of which will be deemed an original and all of which together will constitute one instrument.

5.12 Insider Trading/Market Abuse Laws. Participant acknowledges that Participant may be subject to insider trading restrictions and/or market abuse laws in applicable jurisdictions, which may affect Participant's ability to accept, acquire, sell or attempt to sell, or otherwise dispose of the shares, rights to shares (e.g., the Option) or rights linked to the value of Shares, during such times as Participant is considered to have “inside information” regarding the Company (as defined by the laws or regulations in applicable jurisdictions). Applicable insider trading laws and regulations may prohibit the cancellation or amendment of orders Participant placed before possessing inside information. Furthermore, Participant may be prohibited from (i) disclosing insider information to any third party (other than on a “need to know” basis) and (ii) “tipping” third parties or causing them to otherwise buy or sell securities. Any restrictions under these laws or regulations are separate from and in addition to any restrictions that may be imposed under any applicable Company insider trading compliance policy. Participant acknowledges that it is Participant's responsibility to comply with any applicable restrictions, and Participant should speak to Participant's personal advisor on this matter.

5.13 No Advice Regarding Grant. The Company is not providing any tax, legal or financial advice, nor is the Company making any recommendations regarding Participant’s participation in the Plan, or Participant’s acquisition or sale of Shares. Participant should consult with Participant’s own personal tax, legal and financial advisors regarding Participant’s participation in the Plan before taking any action related to the Plan.

5.14 Imposition of Other Requirements. The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on Participant’s participation in the Plan, on the Option and on any award or Shares acquired under the Plan, to the extent the Company determines it is necessary or advisable for legal or administrative reasons. Participant agrees to sign any additional agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.

5.15 Governing Law. The Option and this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, U.S.A., without regard to conflict of laws principles.

* * * * * *

Exhibit B

STOCK OPTION VESTING SCHEDULE

Capitalized terms not specifically defined in this Exhibit B have the meanings specified in the Grant Notice or Exhibit A thereto or, if not defined in the Grant Notice or Exhibit A, in the Plan.

1.Vesting Schedule. The Option will become eligible to vest and become exercisable as follows:

a.The Option will become eligible to vest as to the percentage of the Option set forth in the table below on the date the respective Stock Price Hurdle set forth in the table below is met (with the number of Shares that vest on any such date being rounded down to the nearest whole Share and the Option becoming eligible to vest as to 100% of the Option if all such Stock Price Hurdles are met). A Stock Price Hurdle shall be met when the volume-weighted average price of a share of Class A Common Stock first meets or exceeds the applicable Stock Price Hurdle for ninety (90) calendar days (the “90-day Average Stock Price”) the within five-year period immediately following the Grant Date (such period, the “Performance Period”).


Stock Price Hurdle						Portion of the Option Vested
$5.00						10%
$7.50						10%
$10.00						20%
$12.50						60%

b.Any portion of the Option that has become eligible to vest in accordance with Section 1(a) will vest on the fifth anniversary of the Grant Date, subject to Participant continuing as a Service Provider through such vesting date.

c.Any portion of the Option that remains unvested as of the day following the fifth anniversary of the Grant Date shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on such date.

2.Termination of Service.

a.Except as set forth in this Section 2, in the event of Participant’s Termination of Service during the Performance Period, the Option shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of Participant’s Termination of Service.

b.In the event of Participant’s Termination of Service by reason of Participant’s death or Disability during the Performance Period, the Option will vest as to the number of Shares subject to the Option that have become eligible to vest pursuant to Section 1(a) as of such Termination of Service. Any portion of the Option that does not vest pursuant to this Section 2(b) shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration as of the date of Participant’s Termination of Service.

c.In the event of Participant’s Termination of Service without Cause during the Performance Period, the Option will vest as to (a) the number of Shares subject to the Option that have become eligible to vest pursuant to Section 1(a), plus (b) in the event the 90-day Average Stock Price is between two of the Stock Price Hurdles on the date of

such Termination of Service, and the higher of the two Stock Price Hurdles has not otherwise been achieved during the Performance Period through the date of such Termination of Service, a pro-rated number of Shares that would have become eligible to vest upon achievement of such higher Stock Price Hurdle, determined based on linear interpolation based on the actual 90-day Average Stock Price as of the date of such Termination of Service and the distance between the two Stock Price Hurdles. Any portion of the Option that does not vest pursuant to this Section 2(c) shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the date of Participant’s Termination of Service.

3.Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control during the Performance Period, any portion of the Option that has become eligible to vest pursuant to Section 1(a) as of such Change in Control shall remain outstanding and eligible to vest pursuant to the terms of this Agreement; provided, that, in the event the Option is not assumed in connection with the Change in Control, the Option will vest as to the number of Shares subject to the Option that have become eligible to vest pursuant to Section 1(a) as of such Change in Control. Any portion of the Option that does not vest pursuant to this Section 3 shall immediately terminate and be forfeited for no consideration on the date of the Change in Control.

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jason Kelly, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Jason Kelly
		Jason Kelly
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Mark Dmytruk, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc.;

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Mark Dmytruk
		Mark Dmytruk
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the filing of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Jason Kelly
		Jason Kelly
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: May 9, 2024	By:	/s/ Mark Dmytruk
		Mark Dmytruk
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Mar. 31, 2024	May 02, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40097
Entity Registrant Name	GINKGO BIOWORKS HOLDINGS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	87-2652913
Entity Address, Address Line One	27 Drydock Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line One	8th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	Boston
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02210
City Area Code	877
Local Phone Number	422-5362
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001830214
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Common Class A
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbols	DNA
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,709,063,953
Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock, each at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbols	DNA.WS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Common Class B
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		382,214,015
Nonvoting Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		120,000,000

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 840,440	$ 944,073
Accounts receivable, net	24,189	17,157
Accounts receivable - related parties	370	742
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	38,021	39,777
Total current assets	903,020	1,001,749
Property, plant, and equipment, net	195,992	188,193
Operating lease right-of-use assets	220,785	206,801
Investments	76,021	78,565
Intangible assets, net	77,407	82,741
Goodwill	47,909	49,238
Other non-current assets	60,627	58,055
Total assets	1,581,761	1,665,342
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	26,995	9,323
Deferred revenue (includes $707 and $5,426 from related parties)	33,612	44,486
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	108,436	110,051
Total current liabilities	169,043	163,860
Non-current liabilities:
Deferred revenue, net of current portion (includes $123,549 and $119,053 from related parties)	166,067	158,062
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	234,497	221,835
Other non-current liabilities	24,884	24,433
Total liabilities	594,491	568,190
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; none issued	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value (Note 6)	202	199
Additional paid-in capital	6,445,058	6,385,997
Accumulated deficit	(5,456,439)	(5,290,528)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,551)	1,484
Total stockholders’ equity	987,270	1,097,152
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,581,761	$ 1,665,342

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred revenue, related party	$ 33,612	$ 44,486
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, from related parties	$ 166,067	$ 158,062
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	200,000	200,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Related party
Deferred revenue, related party	$ 707	$ 5,426
Deferred revenue, net of current portion, from related parties	$ 123,549	$ 119,053

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Mar. 31, 2023

Total revenue

$ 37,944

$ 80,702

Costs and operating expenses:

Research and development

136,457

162,639

General and administrative

70,287

111,433

Total operating expenses

215,946

296,447

Loss from operations

(178,002)

(215,745)

Other income (expense):

Interest income, net

11,711

14,545

Loss on equity method investments

(1,449)

Loss on investments

(2,544)

(6,370)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

940

1,204

Other income, net

2,015

2,928

Total other income (expense)

12,122

10,858

Loss before income taxes

(165,880)

(204,887)

Income tax expense

Net loss

$ (165,911)

$ (204,969)

Net loss per share, basic (in dollars per share)

$ (0.08)

$ (0.11)

Net loss per share, diluted (in dollars per share)

$ (0.08)

$ (0.11)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

Basic (in shares)

2,004,460,000

1,914,963,000

Diluted (in shares)

2,005,336,000

1,916,637,000

Comprehensive loss:

Net loss

$ (165,911)

$ (204,969)

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(3,035)

1,018

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

(3,035)

1,018

Comprehensive loss

(168,946)

(203,951)

Cell Engineering

Total revenue

^[1]

27,889

34,096

Product

Total revenue

11,666

Costs and operating expenses:

Cost of Biosecurity revenue

4,541

Service

Total revenue

10,055

34,940

Costs and operating expenses:

Cost of Biosecurity revenue

$ 9,202

$ 17,834

[1]	Includes related party revenue of $733 and $4,703 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Total revenue	$ 37,944	$ 80,702
Related party
Total revenue	$ 733	$ 4,703

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		1,891,976
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,736,277	$ 190	$ 6,136,378	$ (4,397,659)	$ (2,632)
Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards (in shares)		41,904
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards	16	$ 4	12
Settlement of contingent consideration	2,262		2,262
Stock-based compensation expense	72,982		72,982
Foreign currency translation	1,018				1,018
Net loss	(204,969)			(204,969)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		1,933,880
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 1,607,586	$ 194	6,211,634	(4,602,628)	(1,614)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	2,001,315	2,001,315
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,097,152	$ 199	6,385,997	(5,290,528)	1,484
Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards (in shares)		18,190
Issuance of common stock upon exercise or vesting of equity awards	529	$ 2	527
Settlement of contingent consideration (in shares)		986
Settlement of contingent consideration	1,877		1,877
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisition (in shares)		13,133
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions	15,876	$ 1	15,875
Stock-based compensation expense	40,782		40,782
Foreign currency translation	(3,035)				(3,035)
Net loss	$ (165,911)			(165,911)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024	2,033,624	2,033,624
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 987,270	$ 202	$ 6,445,058	$ (5,456,439)	$ (1,551)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (165,911)	$ (204,969)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	12,869	18,958
Stock-based compensation	40,782	72,986
Loss on investments and equity method investments	2,544	7,819
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(940)	(1,204)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)	5,177
Non-cash lease expense	5,637	8,039
Non-cash in-process research and development	16,816	0
Other non-cash activity	(442)	1,121
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable ($372 and $(26) from related parties)	(6,770)	(526)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,154	7,442
Operating lease right-of-use assets	0	2,665
Other non-current assets	(707)	(2,036)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	10,871	19,080
Deferred revenue, current and non-current ($(223) and $(2,226) from related parties)	(2,912)	(17,233)
Operating lease liabilities, current and non-current	(4,097)	(8,521)
Other non-current liabilities	2,773	617
Net cash used in operating activities	(89,259)	(90,585)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(6,710)	(19,441)
Business acquisition	(5,400)	0
Other	0	27
Net cash used in investing activities	(12,110)	(19,414)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	70	12
Principal payments on finance leases	(294)	(322)
Contingent consideration payment	(621)	0
Payment of equity issuance costs	0	(578)
Net cash used in financing activities	(845)	(888)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(157)	(26)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(102,371)	(110,913)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	944,073	1,315,792
Restricted cash, beginning of period	45,511	53,789
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	989,584	1,369,581
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	840,440	1,206,086
Restricted cash, end of period	46,773	52,582
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 887,213	$ 1,258,668

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, from related parties	$ (6,770)	$ (526)
Deferred revenue, current and non-current, from related parties	(2,912)	(17,233)
Related party
Accounts receivable, from related parties	(372)	26
Deferred revenue, current and non-current, from related parties	$ (223)	$ (2,226)

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business The mission of Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings, Inc. (“Ginkgo” or the “Company”) is to make biology easier to engineer. The Company designs custom cells for customers across multiple markets. Since inception, the Company has devoted its efforts to improving its platform for programming cells to enable customers to leverage biology to create impactful products across a range of industries. The Company’s platform comprises (i) equipment, robotic automation, software, data pipelines and tools, and standard operating procedures for high throughput cell engineering, fermentation, and analytics (referred to collectively as the “Foundry”), (ii) a library of proprietary biological assets and associated performance data (referred to collectively as “Codebase”), and (iii) the Company’s team of expert users, developers and operators of the Foundry and Codebase. With a mission to make biology easier to engineer, the Company has recognized the need to invest in biosecurity as a key component of its platform. The Company’s Biosecurity business is building a global infrastructure for biosecurity to empower governments, communities, and public health leaders to prevent, detect and respond to a wide variety of biological threats. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain detailed disclosures which would normally be included with annual financial statements have been omitted. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been made. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Reported amounts and disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that management believes are most likely to occur, and the anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised. Significant Accounting Policies There have been no new or material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 2 to the Company's 2023 consolidated financial statements included in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements There were no new recently issued accounting pronouncements that are of significance or potential significance to the Company from those disclosed within Note 2 to the Company's 2023 consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Acquisitions	3 Months Ended
Acquisitions	Mar. 31, 2024
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions	Acquisitions On October 3, 2023, and in connection with the Zymergen Bankruptcy, as defined and discussed in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Zymergen (the “Zymergen APA”) as the stalking horse bidder under Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to acquire exclusive rights to substantially all of Zymergen’s intellectual property assets and certain other assets. On January 18, 2024 (the “Closing Date”), the Company, through certain of its affiliates, completed its acquisition of substantially all of Zymergen’s assets under the Zymergen APA, and on February 5, 2024, Zymergen’s plan of liquidation was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. All of the Company’s interests in the Zymergen entities were extinguished and terminated as of February 23, 2024. The acquisition under the Zymergen APA was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 and was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The total cash purchase price was $6.2 million, with $5.4 million paid at closing and $0.8 million released from escrow. The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date primarily includes $19.9 million of operating lease right-of-use assets, $6.0 million of property and equipment, and $19.9 million of operating lease liabilities. No goodwill or intangible assets were recognized. Transaction costs associated with the Zymergen APA were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 13.1 million shares of Class A common stock to acquire certain assets, which did not meet the definition of a business for accounting purposes. The assets acquired consisted of intellectual property with an aggregate estimated fair value of $16.9 million, all of which was expensed as in-process research and development in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the period, as the assets did not have an alternative use.

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


		As of March 31, 2024
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	816,947	$	816,947	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	304		—		304		—
Marketable equity securities	Investments	22,209		22,209		—		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,795		—		—		12,795
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	14,475		—		12,130		2,345
Total assets		$	866,730	$	839,156	$	12,434	$	15,140
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,105	$	3,105	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,655		—		118		1,537
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,320		—		—		15,320
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,274		—		—		5,274
Total liabilities		$	25,354	$	3,105	$	118	$	22,131


		As of December 31, 2023
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	913,729	$	913,729	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	654		—		654		—
Marketable equity securities (2)	Investments	19,190		18,401		789		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other	12,293		—		—		12,293
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	13,601		—		11,765		1,836
Total assets		$	959,467	$	932,130	$	13,208	$	14,129
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,794	$	3,794	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,906		—		60		1,846
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18,468		—		—		18,468
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,805		—		—		5,805
Total liabilities		$	29,973	$	3,794	$	60	$	26,119

(1)The fair value of Synlogic, Inc. warrants is calculated as the quoted price of the underlying common stock, less the unpaid exercise price of the warrants.

(2)Marketable equity securities classified as Level 2 reflect a discount for lack of marketability due to regulatory sales restrictions.

Notes Receivable

rating category of the issuer. The fair value of the senior secured note is based on observable market inputs, which represents a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

The following table provides a reconciliation of notes receivable measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	14,129	$	7,660
Additions	50		1,998
Change in fair value	961		(1,565)
Balance at March 31,	$	15,140	$	8,093

Warrant Liabilities

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the recurring valuation of the Private Placement Warrants as of their measurement dates:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Exercise price	$	11.50	$	11.50
Stock price	$	1.16	$	1.69
Volatility	87.8 %		70.5 %
Term (in years)	2.46		2.71
Risk-free interest rate	4.54 %		4.01 %


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	1,846	$	3,860
Change in fair value	(309)		(503)
Balance at March 31,	$	1,537	$	3,357

Contingent Consideration

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the fair value measurements of contingent consideration liabilities as of the periods presented:


			March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration Liability	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range		Range
Earnout payments (FGen and Dutch DNA acquisitions)	Probability-weighted present value	Probability of payment	10% - 80%		10% - 100%
		Discount rate	15.8%		13.4%
Earnout payments (Dutch DNA acquisition)	Discounted cash flow	Projected years of payments	2028 - 2031		2025 - 2028
		Discount rate	10.5	%	10.3	%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the contingent consideration measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	24,273	$	24,473
Change in fair value	(926)		5,177
Settlements and payments	(2,753)		(864)
Balance at March 31,	$	20,594	$	28,786

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

Investments and Equity Method Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investments and Equity Method Investments

Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Investments:
SAFEs	$	18,686	$	23,898
Non-marketable equity securities	22,937		22,938
Marketable equity securities	21,452		17,563
Genomatica preferred stock	11,885		11,885
Synlogic common stock	757		1,627
Synlogic warrants	304		654
Total	$	76,021	$	78,565

Loss on investments and equity method investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Gain (loss) on investments:
Synlogic common stock	$	(871)	$	(812)
Synlogic warrants	(350)		(326)
Marketable equity securities	3,889		(3,421)
SAFEs	(5,212)		(1,811)
Total	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:
BiomEdit	$	—	$	(1,462)
Other	—		13
Total	$	—	$	(1,449)

The components of loss on investments for each period were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Impairment charges	$	(5,212)	$	(1,811)
Ongoing mark-to-market adjustments on marketable equity securities	2,668		(4,559)
Total loss on investments	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)


	As of March 31, 2024
Total initial cost	$	114,701
Impairment charges	(59,566)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes	(1,627)
Carrying value	$	53,508

Variable Interest Entities	3 Months Ended
Variable Interest Entities	Mar. 31, 2024
Variable Interest Entity, Measure of Activity [Abstract]
Variable Interest Entities	Variable Interest Entities With respect to the Company’s investments in Motif, Allonnia, Genomatica, Arcaea, BiomEdit, Verb and Ayana (collectively, the “Unconsolidated VIEs”), the Company has concluded these entities represent variable interest entities (“VIEs”). While the Company has board representation on certain of these entities and is involved in the ongoing development activities of these entities via its participation on such entities’ joint steering committees (“JSC”), the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of these entities because: (i) the Company does not control the board of directors of any of the Unconsolidated VIEs, and no voting or consent agreements exist between the Company and other members of each respective board of directors or other investors, (ii) the holders of preferred security interests in the Unconsolidated VIEs hold certain rights that require their consent prior to taking certain actions, which include certain significant operating and financing decisions, and (iii) the Company’s representation on the JSC of each respective entity does not give it control over the development activities of any of the Unconsolidated VIEs, as all JSC decisions are made by consensus and there are no agreements in place that would require any of the entities to vote in alignment with the Company. As the Company’s involvement in the Unconsolidated VIEs does not give it the power to control the decisions with respect to their development or other activities, which are their most significant activities, the Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the Unconsolidated VIEs. Additionally, the Company holds equity interests in certain privately-held companies that are not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the maximum risk of loss related to the Company’s VIEs was limited to the carrying value of its investments in such entities. Refer to Note 4 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments.

Supplemental Financial Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Financial Statement Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash


	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	840,440	$	1,206,086
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)	3,328		8,149
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)	43,445		44,433
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	887,213	$	1,258,668

Supplemental cash flow information

The following table presents non-cash investing and financing activities (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	7,886	$	8,247
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services	—		4,478
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services	—		12,493
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liability	1,877		2,262

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	152,105	$	147,185
Leasehold improvements	76,146		71,564
Buildings and facilities	47,572		47,034
Construction in progress	22,731		15,830
Computer equipment and software	14,950		14,780
Furniture and fixtures	6,515		6,458
Land	6,060		6,060
Total property, plant, and equipment	326,079		308,911
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(130,087)		(120,718)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	195,992	$	188,193

Capitalization

The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	Authorized	Issued	Outstanding
Common stock as of March 31, 2024:
Class A	10,500,000	1,669,628	1,554,178
Class B	4,500,000	382,399	359,446
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,172,027	2,033,624
Common stock as of December 31, 2023:
Class A	10,500,000	1,639,885	1,525,058
Class B	4,500,000	379,108	356,257
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,138,993	2,001,315

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

All goodwill is allocated to the Cell Engineering reporting unit and segment identified in Note 11. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):


Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	49,238
Impact of foreign currency translation	(1,329)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	47,909

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Gross Carrying Value (1)		Accumulated Amortization (1)		Net Carrying Value		Weighted Average Amortization Period
March 31, 2024:
Developed technology	$	103,099	$	(25,763)	$	77,336	8.6
Customer relationships	380		(309)		71		0.4
Assembled workforce	190		(190)		—		0
Total intangible assets	$	103,669	$	(26,262)	$	77,407
December 31, 2023:
Developed technology	$	105,279	$	(22,663)	$	82,616	8.8
Customer relationships	380		(261)		119		0.9
Assembled workforce	190		(184)		6		0.3
Total intangible assets	$	105,849	$	(23,108)	$	82,741

(1)Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization include the impact of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.


Remainder of 2024	$	10,179
2025	13,478
2026	13,478
2027	10,403
2028	3,296
Thereafter	26,573
Total	$	77,407

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Mar. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Legal Proceedings From time to time, the Company may in the ordinary course of business be named as a defendant in lawsuits, indemnity claims and other legal proceedings. The Company accrues for a loss contingency when it concludes that the likelihood of a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company adjusts its accruals from time to time as it receives additional information. The Company does not believe any pending litigation to be material, or that the outcome of any such pending litigation, in management’s judgment based on information currently available, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Stock-Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	23,192	$	46,500
General and administrative	17,590		26,486
Total	$	40,782	$	72,986

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (1) (in thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,049	$	0.89
Exercised	(3,405)	0.02
Outstanding as of March 31, 2024	2,644	2.01		6.55	$	768
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024	1,523	1.89		4.68	768

(1)Excludes 1.5 million shares underlying options issued outside the accounting for compensation awards under ASC 718.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options recognizable over a weighted-average period of 0.7 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the restricted stock units (“RSU”) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	152,168	$	3.15
Granted	103,480	1.21
Vested	(14,683)	4.36
Forfeited	(2,260)	2.97
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	238,705	2.24

The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.21 and $1.32, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, there was $395.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs recognizable over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

Earnouts

A summary of activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the earnout shares is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	22,610	$	12.78
Vested	(89)	13.34
Forfeited	(17)	12.92
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	22,504	12.78

As of March 31, 2024, there was $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to earnout shares recognizable over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.

Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table sets forth the percentage of Cell Engineering revenues by industry based on total Cell Engineering revenue:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pharma and biotech	28	%	30	%
Agriculture	28		27
Food and nutrition	17		16
Government and defense	16		5
Industrial and environment	10		12
Consumer and technology	1		10
Total Cell Engineering revenue	100	%	100	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenue from customers within the United States comprised 70% and 84%, respectively, of total revenue.

Contract Balances

Performance Obligations

Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue:
Cell Engineering	$	27,889	$	34,096
Biosecurity	10,055		46,606
Total revenue	37,944		80,702
Segment cost of revenue:
Biosecurity	9,202		22,375
Segment research and development expense:
Cell Engineering	100,101		98,522
Biosecurity	120		567
Total segment research and development expense	100,221		99,089
Segment general and administrative expense:
Cell Engineering	40,232		61,692
Biosecurity	11,951		13,956
Total segment general and administrative expense	52,183		75,648
Segment operating (loss) income:
Cell Engineering	(112,444)		(126,118)
Biosecurity	(11,218)		9,708
Total segment operating loss	(123,662)		(116,410)
Operating expenses not allocated to segments:
Stock-based compensation (1)	42,397		75,200
Depreciation and amortization	12,869		18,958
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)		5,177
Loss from operations	$	(178,002)	$	(215,745)

(1)Includes $1.6 million and $2.2 million in employer payroll taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Net Loss per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Share


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss, basic	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration common shares liability	464		611
Net loss, diluted	$	(166,375)	$	(205,580)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	2,004,460		1,914,963
Effect of dilutive securities:
Contingent consideration common shares	876		1,674
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	2,005,336		1,916,637
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)


	As of March 31,
	2024	2023
Unvested RSUs	238,705	197,108
Earnout shares (1)	152,135	156,457
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock	51,825	51,825
Outstanding stock options	4,165	11,588
Escrow shares (2)	731	—
	447,561	416,978

(1)Represents earnout shares for which the service-based and/or market-based vesting conditions have not been satisfied.

(2)Represents restricted common stock issued in connection with asset acquisitions, held in escrow for indemnification purposes, and subject to forfeiture.

Related Parties

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Parties

The Company’s significant transactions with its related parties are primarily comprised of revenue generating activities under collaboration and license agreements.

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet are summarized below (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Accounts receivable:
Ayana Bio	$	277	$	233
Allonnia	71		322
BiomEdit	21		—
Verb Biotics	1		61
Arcaea	—		126
	$	370	$	742
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Motif FoodWorks	$	45,426	$	45,426
Allonnia	36,056		36,062
Arcaea	33,066		33,066
BiomEdit	7,877		7,712
Genomatica	1,649		2,018
Ayana Bio	182		56
Other equity investees	—		139
	$	124,256	$	124,479

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss are summarized below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cell Engineering revenue:
Genomatica	$	369	$	1,209
Ayana Bio	147		451
Allonnia	59		86
Motif FoodWorks	19		—
Arcaea	—		1,462
BiomEdit	—		908
Verb Biotics	—		437
Other equity investees	139		150
	$	733	$	4,703

Refer to Note 4 for additional details on the Company’s investments and equity method investments held in its related parties.

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Mar. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events On May 9, 2024, in connection with the Company’s plans to reduce operational expenditures, management approved a plan for restructuring actions, including an expected reduction in labor expenses and a planned consolidation of certain of its facilities. Initial headcount reductions are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2024 and be substantially completed in 2025, subject to local laws. The aggregate expected costs and overall timing for completion of the restructuring plan is not yet known. On April 10, 2024, the Company acquired platform assets, including fully sequenced and isolated strains, unique gene sequences, and relevant functional data and metadata, as well as a development pipeline from AgBiome, Inc. These assets will be integrated into the Company’s Ag Biologicals Services, established with the acquisition of a Bayer agricultural biologicals R&D facility in 2022, and expands Ginkgo’s proprietary unified metagenomics database. The acquisition was completed with the issuance of unregistered Class A common stock with registration rights and a price protection provision that requires the issuance of additional shares should the price per Class A common shares decline by more than a specified threshold prior to registration of the shares or 6 months, whichever is sooner. The Company has not yet completed its accounting for the acquisition.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain detailed disclosures which would normally be included with annual financial statements have been omitted. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been made. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Reported amounts and disclosures reflect the overall economic conditions that management believes are most likely to occur, and the anticipated measures management intends to take. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements There were no new recently issued accounting pronouncements that are of significance or potential significance to the Company from those disclosed within Note 2 to the Company's 2023 consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets and Liabilities That Are Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


		As of March 31, 2024
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	816,947	$	816,947	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	304		—		304		—
Marketable equity securities	Investments	22,209		22,209		—		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,795		—		—		12,795
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	14,475		—		12,130		2,345
Total assets		$	866,730	$	839,156	$	12,434	$	15,140
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,105	$	3,105	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,655		—		118		1,537
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	15,320		—		—		15,320
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,274		—		—		5,274
Total liabilities		$	25,354	$	3,105	$	118	$	22,131


		As of December 31, 2023
	Classification	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	Cash and cash equivalents	$	913,729	$	913,729	$	—	$	—
Synlogic, Inc. warrants (1)	Investments	654		—		654		—
Marketable equity securities (2)	Investments	19,190		18,401		789		—
Notes receivable	Prepaid expenses and other	12,293		—		—		12,293
Notes receivable	Other non-current assets	13,601		—		11,765		1,836
Total assets		$	959,467	$	932,130	$	13,208	$	14,129
Liabilities:
Public Warrants	Warrant liabilities	$	3,794	$	3,794	$	—	$	—
Private Placement Warrants (3)	Warrant liabilities	1,906		—		60		1,846
Contingent consideration	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	18,468		—		—		18,468
Contingent consideration	Other non-current liabilities	5,805		—		—		5,805
Total liabilities		$	29,973	$	3,794	$	60	$	26,119

(1)The fair value of Synlogic, Inc. warrants is calculated as the quoted price of the underlying common stock, less the unpaid exercise price of the warrants.

(2)Marketable equity securities classified as Level 2 reflect a discount for lack of marketability due to regulatory sales restrictions.

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table provides a reconciliation of notes receivable measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	14,129	$	7,660
Additions	50		1,998
Change in fair value	961		(1,565)
Balance at March 31,	$	15,140	$	8,093

Summary of Fair Value Measurements Inputs

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the recurring valuation of the Private Placement Warrants as of their measurement dates:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Exercise price	$	11.50	$	11.50
Stock price	$	1.16	$	1.69
Volatility	87.8 %		70.5 %
Term (in years)	2.46		2.71
Risk-free interest rate	4.54 %		4.01 %

The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 inputs used in the fair value measurements of contingent consideration liabilities as of the periods presented:


			March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contingent Consideration Liability	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range		Range
Earnout payments (FGen and Dutch DNA acquisitions)	Probability-weighted present value	Probability of payment	10% - 80%		10% - 100%
		Discount rate	15.8%		13.4%
Earnout payments (Dutch DNA acquisition)	Discounted cash flow	Projected years of payments	2028 - 2031		2025 - 2028
		Discount rate	10.5	%	10.3	%

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	1,846	$	3,860
Change in fair value	(309)		(503)
Balance at March 31,	$	1,537	$	3,357

The following table provides a reconciliation of the contingent consideration measured at fair value using Level 3 significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	24,273	$	24,473
Change in fair value	(926)		5,177
Settlements and payments	(2,753)		(864)
Balance at March 31,	$	20,594	$	28,786

Investments and Equity Method Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments and Equity Method Investments

Investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Investments:
SAFEs	$	18,686	$	23,898
Non-marketable equity securities	22,937		22,938
Marketable equity securities	21,452		17,563
Genomatica preferred stock	11,885		11,885
Synlogic common stock	757		1,627
Synlogic warrants	304		654
Total	$	76,021	$	78,565

Loss on investments and equity method investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Gain (loss) on investments:
Synlogic common stock	$	(871)	$	(812)
Synlogic warrants	(350)		(326)
Marketable equity securities	3,889		(3,421)
SAFEs	(5,212)		(1,811)
Total	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:
BiomEdit	$	—	$	(1,462)
Other	—		13
Total	$	—	$	(1,449)


	As of March 31, 2024
Total initial cost	$	114,701
Impairment charges	(59,566)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes	(1,627)
Carrying value	$	53,508

Gain (Loss) on Securities

The components of loss on investments for each period were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Impairment charges	$	(5,212)	$	(1,811)
Ongoing mark-to-market adjustments on marketable equity securities	2,668		(4,559)
Total loss on investments	$	(2,544)	$	(6,370)

Supplemental Financial Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Supplemental Financial Statement Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash


	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	840,440	$	1,206,086
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)	3,328		8,149
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)	43,445		44,433
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	887,213	$	1,258,668

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents


	As of March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	840,440	$	1,206,086
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets (1)	3,328		8,149
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets (1)	43,445		44,433
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	887,213	$	1,258,668

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table presents non-cash investing and financing activities (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	7,886	$	8,247
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services	—		4,478
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services	—		12,493
Common stock issued as settlement of contingent consideration liability	1,877		2,262

Summary of Property and Equipment Net

Property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Lab equipment	$	152,105	$	147,185
Leasehold improvements	76,146		71,564
Buildings and facilities	47,572		47,034
Construction in progress	22,731		15,830
Computer equipment and software	14,950		14,780
Furniture and fixtures	6,515		6,458
Land	6,060		6,060
Total property, plant, and equipment	326,079		308,911
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(130,087)		(120,718)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	195,992	$	188,193

Schedule of Capitalization

The following table presents the Company’s authorized, issued, and outstanding common stock as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	Authorized	Issued	Outstanding
Common stock as of March 31, 2024:
Class A	10,500,000	1,669,628	1,554,178
Class B	4,500,000	382,399	359,446
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,172,027	2,033,624
Common stock as of December 31, 2023:
Class A	10,500,000	1,639,885	1,525,058
Class B	4,500,000	379,108	356,257
Class C	800,000	120,000	120,000
	15,800,000	2,138,993	2,001,315

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):


Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	49,238
Impact of foreign currency translation	(1,329)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	47,909

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Gross Carrying Value (1)		Accumulated Amortization (1)		Net Carrying Value		Weighted Average Amortization Period
March 31, 2024:
Developed technology	$	103,099	$	(25,763)	$	77,336	8.6
Customer relationships	380		(309)		71		0.4
Assembled workforce	190		(190)		—		0
Total intangible assets	$	103,669	$	(26,262)	$	77,407
December 31, 2023:
Developed technology	$	105,279	$	(22,663)	$	82,616	8.8
Customer relationships	380		(261)		119		0.9
Assembled workforce	190		(184)		6		0.3
Total intangible assets	$	105,849	$	(23,108)	$	82,741

(1)Gross carrying value and accumulated amortization include the impact of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense


Remainder of 2024	$	10,179
2025	13,478
2026	13,478
2027	10,403
2028	3,296
Thereafter	26,573
Total	$	77,407

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Research and development	$	23,192	$	46,500
General and administrative	17,590		26,486
Total	$	40,782	$	72,986

Summary of Stock Option Activity

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (1) (in thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (2) (in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,049	$	0.89
Exercised	(3,405)	0.02
Outstanding as of March 31, 2024	2,644	2.01		6.55	$	768
Exercisable as of March 31, 2024	1,523	1.89		4.68	768

(1)Excludes 1.5 million shares underlying options issued outside the accounting for compensation awards under ASC 718.

Summary of RSU and RSA Activity

A summary of the restricted stock units (“RSU”) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	152,168	$	3.15
Granted	103,480	1.21
Vested	(14,683)	4.36
Forfeited	(2,260)	2.97
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	238,705	2.24

Summary of Activity for Earnout RSA

A summary of activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the earnout shares is presented below:


	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	22,610	$	12.78
Vested	(89)	13.34
Forfeited	(17)	12.92
Nonvested as of March 31, 2024	22,504	12.78

Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation Of Revenue

The following table sets forth the percentage of Cell Engineering revenues by industry based on total Cell Engineering revenue:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Pharma and biotech	28	%	30	%
Agriculture	28		27
Food and nutrition	17		16
Government and defense	16		5
Industrial and environment	10		12
Consumer and technology	1		10
Total Cell Engineering revenue	100	%	100	%

Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following table presents summary results of the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue:
Cell Engineering	$	27,889	$	34,096
Biosecurity	10,055		46,606
Total revenue	37,944		80,702
Segment cost of revenue:
Biosecurity	9,202		22,375
Segment research and development expense:
Cell Engineering	100,101		98,522
Biosecurity	120		567
Total segment research and development expense	100,221		99,089
Segment general and administrative expense:
Cell Engineering	40,232		61,692
Biosecurity	11,951		13,956
Total segment general and administrative expense	52,183		75,648
Segment operating (loss) income:
Cell Engineering	(112,444)		(126,118)
Biosecurity	(11,218)		9,708
Total segment operating loss	(123,662)		(116,410)
Operating expenses not allocated to segments:
Stock-based compensation (1)	42,397		75,200
Depreciation and amortization	12,869		18,958
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)		5,177
Loss from operations	$	(178,002)	$	(215,745)

(1)Includes $1.6 million and $2.2 million in employer payroll taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Net Loss per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss, basic	$	(165,911)	$	(204,969)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration common shares liability	464		611
Net loss, diluted	$	(166,375)	$	(205,580)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	2,004,460		1,914,963
Effect of dilutive securities:
Contingent consideration common shares	876		1,674
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	2,005,336		1,916,637
Basic net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)
Diluted net loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.11)

Summary of Anti-Dilutive Shares


	As of March 31,
	2024	2023
Unvested RSUs	238,705	197,108
Earnout shares (1)	152,135	156,457
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock	51,825	51,825
Outstanding stock options	4,165	11,588
Escrow shares (2)	731	—
	447,561	416,978

(1)Represents earnout shares for which the service-based and/or market-based vesting conditions have not been satisfied.

(2)Represents restricted common stock issued in connection with asset acquisitions, held in escrow for indemnification purposes, and subject to forfeiture.

Related Parties (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet are summarized below (in thousands):


	As of March 31,		As of December 31,
	2024		2023
Accounts receivable:
Ayana Bio	$	277	$	233
Allonnia	71		322
BiomEdit	21		—
Verb Biotics	1		61
Arcaea	—		126
	$	370	$	742
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:
Motif FoodWorks	$	45,426	$	45,426
Allonnia	36,056		36,062
Arcaea	33,066		33,066
BiomEdit	7,877		7,712
Genomatica	1,649		2,018
Ayana Bio	182		56
Other equity investees	—		139
	$	124,256	$	124,479

Summary of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

Significant related party transactions included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss are summarized below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cell Engineering revenue:
Genomatica	$	369	$	1,209
Ayana Bio	147		451
Allonnia	59		86
Motif FoodWorks	19		—
Arcaea	—		1,462
BiomEdit	—		908
Verb Biotics	—		437
Other equity investees	139		150
	$	733	$	4,703

Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 18, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 47,909		$ 49,238
General and administrative		70,287	$ 111,433
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions		15,876
Intellectual property		16,900
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisitions		13,100
Zymergen
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase consideration	$ 6,200
Cash payment	5,400
Business combination, consideration transferred	800
Operating lease right-of-use assets	19,900
Property and equipment	6,000
Operating lease liabilities	19,900
Goodwill	0
Intangible assets	$ 0
General and administrative		$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	$ 866,730	$ 959,467
Contingent consideration	15,320	18,468
Contingent consideration	5,274	5,805
Total liabilities	25,354	29,973
Public Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	3,105	3,794
Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	1,655	1,906
Notes receivable \| Prepaid expenses and other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	12,795	12,293
Notes receivable \| Other non-current assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	14,475	13,601
Synlogic, Inc. warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	304	654
Marketable equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	22,209	19,190
Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	816,947	913,729
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	839,156	932,130
Contingent consideration	0	0
Contingent consideration	0	0
Total liabilities	3,105	3,794
Level 1 \| Public Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	3,105	3,794
Level 1 \| Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	0	0
Level 1 \| Notes receivable \| Prepaid expenses and other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	0	0
Level 1 \| Notes receivable \| Other non-current assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	0	0
Level 1 \| Synlogic, Inc. warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	0	0
Level 1 \| Marketable equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	22,209	18,401
Level 1 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	816,947	913,729
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	12,434	13,208
Contingent consideration	0	0
Contingent consideration	0	0
Total liabilities	118	60
Level 2 \| Public Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	0	0
Level 2 \| Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	118	60
Level 2 \| Notes receivable \| Prepaid expenses and other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	0	0
Level 2 \| Notes receivable \| Other non-current assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	12,130	11,765
Level 2 \| Synlogic, Inc. warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	304	654
Level 2 \| Marketable equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	0	789
Level 2 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets	15,140	14,129
Contingent consideration	15,320	18,468
Contingent consideration	5,274	5,805
Total liabilities	22,131	26,119
Level 3 \| Public Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	0	0
Level 3 \| Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liabilities	1,537	1,846
Level 3 \| Notes receivable \| Prepaid expenses and other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	12,795	12,293
Level 3 \| Notes receivable \| Other non-current assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Notes receivable	2,345	1,836
Level 3 \| Synlogic, Inc. warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	0	0
Level 3 \| Marketable equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities	0	0
Level 3 \| Money market funds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Notes Receivable Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable	$ 21.9	$ 21.0
Financing receivable, fair value	$ 15.1
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, fair value		$ 14.1
Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, measurement input	0.17	0.17
Minimum \| Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, measurement input	0.05	0.05
Minimum \| Term (in years)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, measurement input, period		1 year
Maximum \| Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, measurement input	0.85	0.85
Maximum \| Term (in years)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable, measurement input, period	2 years	2 years
Senior Secured Note
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable	$ 11.8	$ 11.8
Financing receivable, interest rate, stated percentage		12.00%
Convertible Promissory Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Financing receivable	$ 10.0	$ 10.0
Financing receivable, interest rate, stated percentage		8.00%
Financing receivable, conversion price paid per share, percent		80.00%

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1,	$ 14,129	$ 7,660
Additions	50	1,998
Change in fair value	961	(1,565)
Balance at March 31,	$ 15,140	$ 8,093

Fair Value Measurements - Warrant Liabilities Narrative (Details) shares in Millions	Sep. 16, 2021 shares
Public Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)	34.5
Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of warrant or right, outstanding (in shares)	17.3

Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value Measurements Inputs (Detail)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Exercise price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value measurements inputs	11.50	11.50
Stock price
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value measurements inputs	1.16	1.69
Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value measurements inputs	87.8	70.5
Term (in years)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Term (in years)	2 years 5 months 15 days	2 years 8 months 15 days
Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair value measurements inputs	4.54	4.01

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Private Placement Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1,	$ 1,537	$ 3,357	$ 1,846	$ 3,860
Change in fair value	(309)	(503)
Balance at March 31,	1,537	3,357
Contingent Consideration
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1,	20,594	28,786	$ 24,273	$ 24,473
Change in fair value	(926)	5,177
Settlements and payments	(2,753)	(864)
Balance at March 31,	$ 20,594	$ 28,786

Fair Value Measurements - Contingent Consideration Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration payment	$ 621	$ 0
Restricted Stock
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other non-current liabilities	2,800	2,300
Contingent consideration payment	$ 900
Issuance of common stock for asset acquisition (in shares)	1.2
Business combination, vesting of restricted shares, value	$ 1,900
Loss on fair value of contingent consideration		$ 1,400

Fair Value Measurements - Quantitative Information Regarding Level 3 Inputs (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Discounted cash flow
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Discount rate	10.50%	10.30%
Maximum \| Probability-weighted present value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Discount rate	80.00%	100.00%
Maximum \| Discounted cash flow
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Discount rate		13.40%
Minimum \| Probability-weighted present value
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Discount rate	10.00%	10.00%
Minimum \| Discounted cash flow
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Discount rate	15.80%

Fair Value Measurements - Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue from customers as prepayment for Cell Engineering	$ 37,944	$ 80,702
Impairment loss	5,212	1,811
SAFE
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment loss	$ 5,200	1,800
SAFE
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revenue from customers as prepayment for Cell Engineering		$ 11,000
Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities, measurement input		0.14
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair value of customers obligations		$ 4,500
Minimum \| Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities, measurement input		0.20
Minimum \| Term (in years)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities, measurement input, term		1 year
Maximum \| Measurement Input, Scenario Probabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities, measurement input		0.60
Maximum \| Term (in years)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities, measurement input, term		2 years

Investments and Equity Method Investments - Schedule of Investments and Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Total	$ 76,021		$ 78,565
Gain (loss) on investments:	(2,544)	$ (6,370)
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:	0	(1,449)
SAFEs
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
SAFEs	18,686		23,898
Gain (loss) on investments:	(5,212)	(1,811)
Non-marketable equity securities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Equity securities	22,937		22,938
Total	53,508
Marketable equity securities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Equity securities	21,452		17,563
Gain (loss) on investments:	3,889	(3,421)
Genomatica preferred stock
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Equity securities	11,885		11,885
Synlogic common stock
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Equity securities	757		1,627
Gain (loss) on investments:	(871)	(812)
Synlogic warrants
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Equity securities	304		$ 654
Gain (loss) on investments:	(350)	(326)
BiomEdit
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:	0	(1,462)
Other
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on equity method investments:	$ 0	$ 13

Investments and Equity Method Investments - Summary of Gains (Losses) on Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Impairment charges	$ (5,212)	$ (1,811)
Ongoing mark-to-market adjustments on marketable equity securities	2,668
Ongoing mark-to-market adjustments on marketable equity securities		(4,559)
Total loss on investments	$ (2,544)	$ (6,370)

Investments and Equity Method Investments - Carrying Values of Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 76,021	$ 78,565
Non-marketable equity securities
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Total initial cost	114,701
Impairment charges	(59,566)
Downward adjustments from observable price changes	(1,627)
Carrying value	$ 53,508

Supplemental Financial Information - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Supplemental Financial Statement Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 840,440	$ 944,073	$ 1,206,086	$ 1,315,792
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,328		8,149
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	43,445		44,433
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 887,213	$ 989,584	$ 1,258,668	$ 1,369,581

Supplemental Financial Information - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Supplemental Financial Statement Information [Abstract]
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$ 7,886	$ 8,247
Convertible financial instruments received for Cell Engineering services	0	4,478
Equity securities and warrants received for Cell Engineering services	0	12,493
Settlement of contingent consideration	$ 1,877	$ 2,262

Supplemental Financial Information - Summary of Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	$ 326,079	$ 308,911
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(130,087)	(120,718)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	195,992	188,193
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	152,105	147,185
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	76,146	71,564
Buildings and facilities
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	47,572	47,034
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	22,731	15,830
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	14,950	14,780
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	6,515	6,458
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property, plant, and equipment	$ 6,060	$ 6,060

Supplemental Financial Information - Capitalization (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Financial Information [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	15,800,000	15,800,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	2,172,027	2,138,993
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	2,033,624	2,001,315
Class A
Supplemental Financial Information [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,500,000	10,500,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	1,669,628	1,639,885
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	1,554,178	1,525,058
Class B
Supplemental Financial Information [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,500,000	4,500,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	382,399	379,108
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	359,446	356,257
Class C
Supplemental Financial Information [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	800,000	800,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	120,000	120,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	120,000	120,000

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$ 49,238
Impact of foreign currency translation	(1,329)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$ 47,909

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 103,669	$ 105,849
Accumulated Amortization	(26,262)	(23,108)
Total	77,407	82,741
Developed technology
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	103,099	105,279
Accumulated Amortization	(25,763)	(22,663)
Total	$ 77,336	$ 82,616
Weighted Average Amortization Period	8 years 7 months 6 days	8 years 9 months 18 days
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 380	$ 380
Accumulated Amortization	(309)	(261)
Total	$ 71	$ 119
Weighted Average Amortization Period	4 months 24 days	10 months 24 days
Assembled workforce
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 190	$ 190
Accumulated Amortization	(190)	(184)
Total	$ 0	$ 6
Weighted Average Amortization Period	0 years	3 months 18 days

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net - Schedule of Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 3,400	$ 4,300
Remainder of 2024	10,179
2025	13,478
2026	13,478
2027	10,403
2028	3,296
Thereafter	26,573
Total	$ 77,407		$ 82,741

Stock-Based Compensation - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	$ 40,782	$ 72,986
Research and development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	23,192	46,500
General and administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total	$ 17,590	$ 26,486

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 16, 2021	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Nov. 15, 2021
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised		$ 3.9	$ 1.5
12.50 Then 25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)				$ 12.50
New Ginkgo Earn-out shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 2.5
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period		1 year 1 month 6 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period	5 years
New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment award, award vesting period	30 days
New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment award, award vesting period	20 days
Common Stock \| New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| 12.50 Then 25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 12.50
Common Stock \| New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| 15.00 Then 25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)	15.00
Common Stock \| New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| 17.50 Then 25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)	17.50
Common Stock \| New Ginkgo Earn-out shares \| 20.00 Then 25%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.00
Restricted Stock Units
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options, grants in period, weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 1.21	$ 1.32
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 395.8
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period		3 years 2 months 12 days
Granted (in shares)		103,480
Outstanding stock options
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense		$ 0.5
Unrecognized stock-based compensation recognition period		8 months 12 days
2021 Incentive Award Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)		173,200
2022 Inducement Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock reserved for issuance (in shares)		3,100

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	6,049
Exercised (in shares)	(3,405)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	2,644
Exercisable, ending balance (in shares)	1,523
Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.89
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0.02
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	2.01
Exercisable (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 1.89
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Outstanding (in years)	6 years 6 months 18 days
Exercisable (in years)	4 years 8 months 4 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding \| $	$ 768,000
Exercisable \| $	$ 768,000
Underlying options issued (in shares)	1,500

Stock-Based Compensation - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares (in thousands)
Nonvested, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	152,168
Granted (in shares) \| shares	103,480
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(14,683)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(2,260)
Nonvested, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	238,705
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 3.15
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	1.21
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	4.36
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	2.97
Nonvested ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 2.24

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Earnout Shares (Details) - Earnout RSU shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares (in thousands)
Nonvested, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	22,610
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(89)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(17)
Nonvested, ending balance (in shares) \| shares	22,504
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 12.78
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	13.34
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	12.92
Nonvested ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 12.78

Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark - Product Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cell Engineering
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	100.00%	100.00%
Pharma and biotech
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	28.00%	30.00%
Agriculture
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	28.00%	27.00%
Food and nutrition
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	17.00%	16.00%
Government and defense
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	16.00%	5.00%
Industrial and environment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	10.00%	12.00%
Consumer and technology
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk	1.00%	10.00%

Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Contract asset	$ 0		$ 0
Contract with customer, revenue recognized	13,800,000	$ 24,400,000
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:			202,500,000	$ 222,600,000
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 96,900,000		$ 110,000,000
UNITED STATES \| Customer Concentration Risk \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue from customers within the United States	70.00%	84.00%

Segment Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
Segment Information (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	2
Number of reportable segments	2

Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 37,944	$ 80,702
Segment research and development expense:
Total segment research and development expense	136,457	162,639
Segment general and administrative expense:
Total segment general and administrative expense	70,287	111,433
Segment operating (loss) income:
Total segment operating loss	(178,002)	(215,745)
Operating expenses not allocated to segments:
Stock-based compensation	40,782	72,986
Depreciation and amortization	12,869	18,958
Employer payroll taxes	1,600	2,200
Corporate, Non-Segment
Operating expenses not allocated to segments:
Stock-based compensation	42,397	75,200
Depreciation and amortization	12,869	18,958
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability	(926)	5,177
Cell Engineering and Biosecurity
Revenue:
Total revenue	37,944	80,702
Segment research and development expense:
Total segment research and development expense	100,221	99,089
Segment general and administrative expense:
Total segment general and administrative expense	52,183	75,648
Cell Engineering and Biosecurity \| Operating Segments
Segment operating (loss) income:
Total segment operating loss	(123,662)	(116,410)
Cell Engineering
Revenue:
Total revenue	27,889	34,096
Segment research and development expense:
Total segment research and development expense	100,101	98,522
Segment general and administrative expense:
Total segment general and administrative expense	40,232	61,692
Segment operating (loss) income:
Total segment operating loss	(112,444)	(126,118)
Biosecurity
Revenue:
Total revenue	10,055	46,606
Segment cost of revenue:
Total segment cost of revenue	9,202	22,375
Segment research and development expense:
Total segment research and development expense	120	567
Segment general and administrative expense:
Total segment general and administrative expense	11,951	13,956
Segment operating (loss) income:
Total segment operating loss	$ (11,218)	$ 9,708

Net Loss per Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Numerator:
Net loss, basic	$ (165,911)	$ (204,969)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration common shares liability	464	611
Net loss, diluted	$ (166,375)	$ (205,580)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	2,004,460,000	1,914,963,000
Effect of dilutive securities:
Contingent consideration common shares (in shares)	876,000	1,674,000
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	2,005,336,000	1,916,637,000
Basic net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.11)
Diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.08)	$ (0.11)

Net Loss per Share - Summary of Anti-Dilutive Shares (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	447,561	416,978
Unvested RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	238,705	197,108
Earnout shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	152,135	156,457
Warrants to purchase Class A common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	51,825	51,825
Outstanding stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	4,165	11,588
Escrow shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share (in shares)	731	0

Related Parties - Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	$ 370	$ 742
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:		202,500	$ 222,600
Related party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	370	742
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	124,256	124,479
Related party \| Ayana Bio
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	277	233
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	182	56
Related party \| Allonnia
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	71	322
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	36,056	36,062
Related party \| BiomEdit
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	21	0
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	7,877	7,712
Related party \| Verb Biotics
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	1	61
Related party \| Arcaea
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Accounts receivable:	0	126
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	33,066	33,066
Related party \| Motif FoodWorks
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	45,426	45,426
Related party \| Genomatica
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	1,649	2,018
Related party \| Other equity investees
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue, current and non-current:	$ 0	$ 139

Related Parties - Summary of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	$ 37,944	$ 80,702
Related party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	733	4,703
Related party \| Genomatica
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	369	1,209
Related party \| Ayana Bio
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	147	451
Related party \| Allonnia
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	59	86
Related party \| Motif FoodWorks
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	19	0
Related party \| Arcaea
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	0	1,462
Related party \| BiomEdit
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	0	908
Related party \| Verb Biotics
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	0	437
Related party \| Other equity investees
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cell Engineering revenue:	$ 139	$ 150